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FAKULTETI ELEKTROTEKNIK

Dr. Edmond Beqiri

$5.,7(.785$'+(25*$1,=,0,,.203-87(59(
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Dr. Edmond Beqiri, Arkitektura dhe orJDQL]LPLLNRPSMXWHUsYH

3sUPEDMWMD
When a Manet andthan you have to do one and one game with an active in one of the movie
about a month than on a
Dr. Edmond Beqiri..........................................................................................................1
HARDVERI KOMPJUTERIK ...............................................................................................3
1.1. Karakteristikat e sistemit kompjuterik ..........................................................................3
=KYLOOLPLLWHNQLNsVNRPSMXWHULNH ................................................................................3
0sQ\UDWHOORJDULWMHV ....................................................................................................3
+LVWRULNXL]KYLOOLPLWWsKDUGYHULWNRPSMXWHULN .............................................................4
3DLVMHWPHNDQLNHTsLSDUDSULQs]EXOLPLWWsNRPSMXWHULW .........................................4
.RPSMXWHUsWHSDUHPHNDQLNDQRORJGKHGLJMLWDO ........................................................6
.RPSMXWHUsWHED]XDUQsJ\SDHOHNWURQLNs .................................................................7
.RPSMXWHUsWHED]XDUQsWUDQVLVWRUsGKHQsTDUTHWs integruara ..............................8
Fig.343Transis- ..........................................................................................................................8
.RPSMXWHUsWHED]XDUQsWHNQRORJMLPLNURHOHNWURQLNH ...............................................9
1.5. ANATOMIA E KOMPJUTERIT ............................................................................... 11
1.5.1. Procesori-pjesa qenndrore e kompjuterit ................................................................. 12
0LNURSURFHVRUsWGKHPLNURNRPSMXWHUsW................................................................... 13
KLASIFIKIMI SIPAS FLYNN-IT ....................................................................................... 15
ARKITEKTURA E TIPIT SISD........................................................................................... 17
1MsVLD SDMLVMD HNXMWHVsV .................................................................................................. 23
1MsVLDDULWPHWLNH ............................................................................................................... 25
1MsVLDNRPDQGXHVH ........................................................................................................... 25
Arkitektura e tipit SIMD ....................................................................................................... 29
.RPSMXWHUsWPDWULFRUs ...................................................................................................... 29
.RPSMXWHUsWDVRFLDWLYs ..................................................................................................... 30
Arkitektura e tipit MISD ....................................................................................................... 33
.RPSMXWHUsWUUMHGKsV (Pipeline) ........................................................................................ 33
Arkitektura sistolike ......................................................................................................... 35
Kapitulli III .......................................................................................................................... 37
Kujtesa (Memoria) ............................................................................................................... 37
Kreu II .................................................................................................................................. 69
Sistemet multiprocesorike ..................................................................................................... 69
1.1. Struktura funksionale e sistemit multiprocesorik ............................................................ 69
6LVWHPHWPXOWLSURFHVRULNHPHOLGKMHWsGREsW ................................................................ 70
6LVWHPHWPXOWLSURFHVRULNHPHOLGKMHWs IRUWs................................................................... 73
.DUDNWHULVWLNDWSURFHVRULNHSsUPXOWLSURFHVLP........................................................... 77
Kreu II .................................................................................................................................. 80
5UMHWDWQGsUOLGKsVHWHVLVWHPHWPXOWLSURFHVRULNH................................................................ 80
1GDUMDNRKRUHRVHPEOHGKsVLLSsUEDVKNsW .................................................................. 80
2.2. Krosbari- lidhja GKHPHPRULDPHVKXPsK\UMH ........................................................... 85
5UMHWDWVKXPsQLYHOsVKHSsUPXOWLSURFHVRU ................................................................. 92
3HUIRUPDQVDWHUUMHWDYHQGsUOLGKsVH.............................................................................. 102
Kreu III .............................................................................................................................. 103
2UJDQL]LPHWPHPRULNHWsPXOWLSRFHVRUsYH ..................................................................... 103
3. 1. Konfiguracionet memorike mbimbuluese (Interliving) ............................................ 103
3.2. Kesh-PHPRULDHVKXPsILVKWsHPXOWLSURFHVRULW ........................................................... 105

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HARDVERI KOMPJUTERIK
1.1. Karakteristikat e sistemit kompjuterik

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dhe ruajtje te informacioneve dh ekomunikim me to;
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Dr. Edmond Beqiri, Arkitektura dhe orJDQL]LPLLNRPSMXWHUsYH

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me numra decimal.
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paraqesin edhe alternaWLYDWsWMHUDVLTMDQsDWRSRGKHMR0DWHPDWLFLHQWL;KRU[K%Xll
SsUSLORMLGLVLSOLQHQHDOJMHEUHVWsQMRKXUVLDOJMHEUDORJMLNH RVHDOJMHEUDH%XOLW QsWsFLOsQ
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HOHPHQWDUHOORJDULWsVHPEOHGKMHV]EULWMHVVKXPs]LPLWGKHSMHVsWLPLW3sUEsKHWQJD
VKWL]DWsPHWDOWDQsWsFLODWMDQsWsYHQGRVXUDVKWDWsVIHUD1sSsUNsWRVKWL]DPHWDOLNH
NDORQQMs VKW\OOsHGUXULWHFLODLQDGDQsSHVsVIHUDWHSRVKWPHQJDVG\VIHUDWsVLSsUPH

Fig. 1. Abakusi

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VKLKHWSsUGRULPLLDEDNXVLW

Shtizat
PHWDOLNH Qs Ws YsUWHW
MDQs  QsQMsPEsGKMHWs
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5.
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3DV NsVDM GHUL Ps  QXN ND SDVXU QGRQMs ]EXOLP Ws UsQGsVLVKsP 1s NsWs YLW
VKNHQsFWDUL JMHUPDQ Vilhelm Shikard ( Wilhelm Schickard  GKH SURMHNWHW SsU PDNLQsQ PH

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QGLKPsQH VsFLOsV PXQGHVKLQWsUHDOL]RKHQ OORJaritjet elementare matematikore, por nuk ka


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Schickard-it (1592-1635 ) WsSXQXDUDPs

1sYLWLQQs)UDQFs Blez Paskali ( Blaise Pascal 1623  QsPRVKsQ


YMHoDUHSsUWLQGLKPXDUEDEDLWWsFLOLQHNLVKWHWUHJWDUGKHLFLOLNLVKWHNRNsoDUMH
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WsNU\HQWHPEOHGKMHGKH]EULWMHWsQXmUDYHWsFLOLQHSDJs]RLPHHPULQ3DVNDOLQD%DUWMDSUHM
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VKsQXDUPHUURWXOOLPLQHQXPsUXHVYH

Fig.4. Paskalina e njohur e Blez Paskalit

Fig.5. Blez Paskali

1s YLWLQ  Vilhelm Fon Lajbnic Qs *MHUPDQL WULGKMHWs YMHWs SDUD ]EXOLPLW Ws
Paskalit, konstruktoi makinsQGLJMLWDOHHFLODSsUYHoPEOHGKMHVGKH]EULWMHVNLVKWHPXQGsVLWs
NU\HQWH HGKH RSHUDFLRQLQ H VKXPs]LPLW GKH SMHVWLPLW VL GKH Ws Q[MHUs UUsQMHQ NDWURUH Ws
oIDUsGRQXPUL
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SHUIRUXDUD Qs WHNQRORJMLQs H WHNVWLOLW 1s ED]s Ws YULPDYH Ws SHUIRUXDUD Qs NDUWHOH PDNLQD
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NDUWHOHWOLGKHVKLQQsVKLULWWsSDIXQGsPPDNLQDILWRQWHPXQGsVLQTsWsSURGKRMQGRQMsRUQament (vizaWLP LFLOLSsUVsULWHW
0s  oDUOV %HEL[K &KDUOHV %DEEDJH  matematicient nga Kembrixhi, projektoi
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bashkohor.
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(memorien) si dhe procesorin.

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Dr. Edmond Beqiri, Arkitektura dhe orJDQL]LPLLNRPSMXWHUsYH

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numrit 50-shifror me numrin tjHWsU-VKLIURUGXKHVKLQSsUDIsUVLVKWVHNRQGD

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(Charles Babbage, 1791-1871)

Fig.29. Makina analitike e Bebixhit

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HGKH VKNHQFsWDUL Holerit (Hollerith) i cili konstrXNWRL PDNLQsQ
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Dr. Edmond Beqiri, Arkitektura dhe orJDQL]LPLLNRPSMXWHUsYH

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Dr. Edmond Beqiri, Arkitektura dhe orJDQL]LPLLNRPSMXWHUsYH

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18

Dr. Edmond Beqiri, Arkitektura dhe orJDQL]LPLLNRPSMXWHUsYH

Pajisjet periferike
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Dr. Edmond Beqiri, Arkitektura dhe orJDQL]LPLLNRPSMXWHUsYH

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