HIGH FRUCTOSE CORN

SYRUP
MELISSA HAYDEN, KELLY SCULLY, & BRANDON CAVINEE

TASTE TEST
Which bread do you like more? 1 or 2

HISTORY
Found in the 1950s by Richard Marshall and Earl
Kooi.

In 1970 cane sugar was the primary sweetener

used, due to political and environmental
causes a new alternative was needed

In 1970 high fructose corn syrup became the

alternative

WHAT IS HIGH FRUCTOSE CORN SYRUP?

It is a fructose-glucose liquid sweetener

alternative to sucrose(common table sugar)
Made by enzymes that are added to corn
syrup in order to convert some of the glucose
to another simple sugar fructose
Derived from corn a dependable, renewable
and abundant agricultural in the US

DIFFERENT TYPES OF HFCS

The most common HFCS used is HFCS-55
HFCS-55 is composed of 55 percent fructose, 42
percent glucose, and 5 percent of other sugars and
polysaccharides
HFCS-42 is composed of 42 percent fructose and 53
percent glucose, 5 percent other sugars and
polysaccharides
HFCS-42 is usually used in baked goods and
noncarbonated beverages
These sugars can be compared to sucrose, which is
50 percent glucose and 50 percent fructose

BENEFITS OF HFCS
HFCS adds color, adds texture, enhances flavor,
and maintains quality of food
Manufactures benefit from the cheap cost of HFCS
Stable in acidic foods and beverages
Due to its liquid nature the sweetener is easier to
transport from manufacture to the shelf
Increases shelf life

WHAT CONTAINS HFCS?

RISE OF HFCS
HFCS replaced cane sugar in soft drinks by the end
of the 1980s
After this movement took place, many baked
goods and dairy products, sauces, and various
other food items started to replace cane sugar with
high fructose corn syrup.
In 2004, Barry Popkin and George Bray made a
commentary in American Journal of Clinical
Nutrition stating that obesity and HFCS consumption
correlate. This grabbed consumers attention.

ASSUMPTIONS

HFCS has a higher caloric value

HFCS is linked to the increasing obesity rates
HFCS is a natural product

FACTS
HFCS and sucrose are both carbohydrates
ingredients that contribute 4kcal/g on dry solids
basis
HFCS has declined in recent years, while obesity
rates continue to increase

HFCS is not natural instead it is heavily processed

FRUCTOSE METABOLISM
Fructose is metabolized differently than glucose
Fructose is metabolized almost solely by the liver
Fructose is absorbed differently than glucose,
glucose induces a insulin response, fructose on the
other hand does not
Most cells have a low amount of the Glut-5
transport protein that is responsible for the intake of
fructose into the cells
Hepatic metabolism of fructose favors lipogenesis
and can cause an increase in blood lipid levels

HEALTH CONCERNS/OBESITY
George Bray researcher to suggest that High
Fructose Corn Syrup leads to obesity
Study Suggest Increase In HFCS consumption and
increase in obesity levels are linked

OBESITY
10 week trial conducted giving one group sucrose
and another artificially flavored beverages
Results show that the sucrose body fat increased
Bray used this study to conclude that the
consumption of soda containing HFCS is leading to
obesity

AUTISM
Suggested due to the fact HFCS consumption levels
are high and so are Autism levels
HFCS can contain mercury which can lead to
autism
Consumption of HFCS when magnesium levels are
low can lead to low levels of calcium and
phosphorous
If the child is exposed to lead, the low levels of
calcium and phosphorus can lead to cognitive
disabilities

CANCER
One study showed that HFCS can be linked to
pancreatic cancer
Dietary fructose can promote cancer growth
through, cellular metabolism, increase reactive
oxygen, DNA damage, and inflammation
A study shows that there is a 93 percent increase in
the occurrence of pancreatic cancer in those who
drank more than one soft drink per day

DIABETES
Researchers from Oxford found a 20 percent higher
proportion of the population have diabetes in
countries with high use of high fructose corn syrup
when compared to countries with low use
The extra fructose in high fructose corn syrup could
be damaging to the liver due to the higher fructose
content
Although not conclusive HFCS may linked to
diabetes

PUBLIC VIEW
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aTxM_rdoBJg

INCONCLUSIVE STUDIES
Correlation Does
Not Imply
Causation
Many Factors
Contribute To
Obesity

MISCONCEPTIONS
A study was done that tested high fructose corn
syrup against glucose
The results show that there is no significant
difference in metabolic markers of obesity and
satiety when comparing the two saccharides.
Also leptin, insulin, glucose, uric acid, and
triglyceride levels where similar when comparing the
two sugars.

MISCONCEPTIONS
Although it is theorized HFCS and obesity are linked
there is no conclusive evidence.
High fructose corn syrup hit an all time high of usage
in 1999 and is now declining, but obesity rates still
remain at 33 percent for people over 20 years of
age.
In South Korea HFCS has been available since 1980,
but obesity rates in South Korea are low to
moderate when compared to the rest of the world
In Argentina HFCS production is very low and
sucrose is the main sugar, but this country's obesity
rates are one of the highest in the world

MISCONCEPTIONS
Many people believe there is a lot of evidence
proving high fructose corn syrup is bad for our
health
One study shows that HFCS-55 is actually 1.28
percent higher in sweetness than sucrose
A separate study shows that a 50-50 mixtures of
glucose and fructose has almost the same
sweetness of HFCS-55

FDA STANDPOINT
FDA says they are not aware of any evidence
including studies done that there is a safety issue.
Shift from sucrose to HFCS was encouraged by
government by subsidies to corn farmers.
Focused on promoting increased production of
inexpensive corn.

SAMPLE MENU

High Fructose Corn Syrup

Honey Roasted Peanuts
Campbell's Vegetable
Soup
Fiber Bar/ Nutragrain Bar
Yogurt
Cereal
Vlasic Bread & Butter
Pickles
Power Bars
Sunsweet Prunes

Foods Without High Fructose

Corn Syrup

Whole Grain/ All Natural

Breads
Orange Juice Products
Chex Mix/ Cheerios
Triscuits
Frito's corn chips
Fruits
Peanut Butter
Heinz organic ketchup

CONCLUSION
There is no research directly relating high fructose
corn syrup to obesity
High fructose corn syrup and sucrose are practically
identical
Even though high fructose corn syrup is identical to
sucrose it still should be consumed in moderation
just like any other food

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

WORK CITED
Aeberli, I., Hochuli, M., Gerber, P., Sze, L., Murer, S., Tappy, L., & ...
Berneis, K. (2013). Moderate Amounts of Fructose Consumption Impair
Insulin Sensitivity in Healthy Young Men: A randomized controlled trial.
Diabetes Care, 36(1), 150-156. doi:10.2337/dc12-0540
Bray, G. A., Popkin, B. M., & Nielsen, S. J. (2004). Consumption of highfructose corn syrup in beverages may play a role in the epidemic of
obesity. American Journal Of Clinical Nutrition, 79(4), 537-543.
Carden, T., & Carr, T. (n.d). Food availability of glucose and fat, but
not fructose, increased in the US between 1970 and 2009: analysis of
the USDA food availability data system. Nutrition Journal, 12
Dufault, R., Lukiw, W., Crider, R., Schnoll, R., Wallinga, D., & Deth, R.
(2012). A macroepigenetic approach to identify factors responsible
for the autism epidemic in the united states. Clinical Epigenetics, 4(1),
6.
Duffey, K., & Popkin, B. (2008). High-fructose corn syrup: is this what's
for dinner?. American Journal Of Clinical Nutrition, 88(6), 1722S-1732.

WORK CITED CONT.

Raben, A., Vasilaras, T. H., Mller, A. C., & Astrup, A. (2002). Sucrose compared with
artificial sweeteners: Different effects on ad libitum food intake and body weight
after 10 wk of supplementation in overweight subjects. The American Journal of
Clinical Nutrition, 76(4), 721-729.
Stanhope, K. L., Griffen, S. C., Bair, B. R., Swarbrick, M. M., Keim, N. L., & Havel, P. J.
(2008). Twenty-four-hour endocrine and metabolic profiles following consumption of
high-fructose corn syrup-, sucrose-, fructose-, and glucose-sweetened beverages
with meals. American Journal Of Clinical Nutrition AJN,
Soenen, S., & Westerterp-Plantenga, M. S. (2007). No differences in satiety or energy
intake after high-fructose corn syrup, sucrose, or milk preloads. The American Journal
of Clinical Nutrition, 86(6), 1586-1594.
Michael I. Gorana, Stanley J. Ulijaszekb, & Emily E. Ventura. (2012). High fructose corn
syrup and diabetes prevalence: A global perspective. Global Public Health, 1(10)
White, J. S. (2008). Straight talk about high-fructose corn syrup: what it is and what it
ain't.(Author abstract). American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, (6).