Professional Documents
Culture Documents
compiled by :
Yusi andriyanti
140810301066
INTRODUCTION
Thank God we pray to the presence of Almighty God for grace , taufiq , and His guidance that no
measurable magnitude , so that we can complete the preparation of the paper " Form 16 tenses " for
Class .
This paper is structured to fulfill the task and hope this paper can be useful in order to add insight ,
knowledge , has the basic ability of logical and critical , curiosity , solve problems , and improve
skills in vocabulary and manner of writing English .
We realize that this paper is not perfect , although we have tried to arrange them as best as possible .
Therefore , criticism and input from the users of this paper is our hope for the improvement of this
paper . Do not forget we thank profusely to friends , faculty , and other resources that have helped
the realization of this paper .
Finally, we hope that this paper can be helpful . Success for us all . Amen .
Composer
Daftar Isi
Kata Pengantar........................................................................................................ i
Daftar Isi ....................................................................................................................... ii
CHAPTER I PENDAHULUAN ................................................................................ 1
1.1. Latar Belakang.........................................................................................................1
1.2. indentifikasi Masalah ...............................................................................................2
1.3. Tujuan Penulisan.......................................................................................................2
CHAPTER II PEMBAHASAN .....................................................................................3
2.1. Simple Present Tense ...............................................................................................3
Present Continuous Tense .............................................................................................. 4
2.3. Present Perfect Tense .............................................................................................. 5
2.4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense .......................................................................... 6
2.5. Simple Past Tense ................................................................................................... 7
2.6. Past Continuous Tense ........................................................................................... 8
2.7. Past Perfect Tense .................................................................................................. 9
2.8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense .............................................................................. 10
2.9. Simple Future Tense .............................................................................................. 11
2.10. Future Continuous Tense ..................................................................................... 12
2.11. Future Perfect Tense ............................................................................................ 13
2.12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense .........................................................................14
2.13. Past Future Tense .................................................................................................15
2.14. Past Future Continuous Tense ............................................................................ 16
2.15. Past Future Perfect Tense ....................................................................................17
2.16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense ............................................................... 18
CHAPTER III PENUTUP ........................................................................................ 19
3.1. Kesimpulan ........................................................................................................... 20
3.2. Saran ..................................................................................................................... 21
Daftar Pustaka .............................................................................................................22
ii
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Rear Latar
Language is a typical symbol of a country or region , because language is a vital
element in communicating or as the main communication style . In interactions ,
social relationships with others in the community . Language is very diverse in the
world , because every language negarapunya each different from one another , even
language can distinguish between one country to country .
English is the International Language . By mastering English well , then we will be
able to communicate with other nations in this world . In addition , we will be able to
add insight and knowledge for the betterment of our nation and our country , because
we will be able to read English literature , listening to radio broadcasts abroad , as
well as watching movies other science . Thus , in the end we can master the
knowledge - knowledge in all fields .
In addition to increasing understanding about the international language , the English
language is studied at least will be easier for us to get a decent job , or for the
provision of our knowledge in the future . By understanding and mastering the
International Language properly would provide excellent benefits for us all .
Therefore , it is necessary to first understand that there are grammatical in English. In
addition to facilitate pronunciation , we will also understand how to arrange the word
to be pronounced so that it becomes a coherent sentence and correct according to his
tenses .
1.2 Problem Identification
Biased on the background above, the authors formulate the problem as follows :
1 Definition of tenses ?
2 How many tenses in English ?
3 How the formulas and examples tenses ?
1.3 Purpose
Identification of the above problem , the purpose of this paper to describe or explain
that these points , as well as help explain the procedures for the use of words and
writing words that correspond to the time and conditions of the occurrence of an
event in the English writing of the paper .
CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
Tenses in English means the time ( time ) . The word means the verb tenses or set of
words used to express the relationship of time . In grammar , tenses are the categories
that puts the situation in time , to indicate when the situation takes place .
Indonesian basic word order similar to English . Generally , a sentence begins with
the subject , followed by a verb ( also called predicates ) , and then the object .
Indicate the past tense or future only need to enter the words that shows the time , in a
very organized system .
2.1 Simple Present Tense
Tense used to express an action or activity that takes place / happening at the current
time in a simple form , activity or work performed repeatedly, daily habits , events or
actions that have nothing to do with time , and to express a general truth .
Simple Present Tense use this type of " TO BE 1 " and " VERB 1 "
TO BE 1 terdiri dari: am, is, are.
Am
You
You
They
They
Are
We
We
He
He
She
She
Is
Do / Don't
Does / Doesn't
It
It
Expressing Simple Present Tense sentence that does not use the verb ( NON
VERB )
Contoh :
1.
2.
3.
(+)
: She is a teacher
(-)
(?)
(+)
(-)
(?)
(+)
(-)
(?)
Only in positive sentences , for the subject " He , She , It " , the use of the verb (
VERB ) must end with " s / es . " The addition of " s / es " at the base verb (
inifinitive ) are as follows :
In general, the verb is directly coupled with the suffix " s" , for example :
Work - Works
Write - Writes
verb that ends in the letters " ch , o , s , sh , x " plus the suffix " -es " , for example :
Teach - Teaches
Go - Goes
verb that ends with the letter " y " and begins with a consonant , the suffix " y " was
changed to " i" and then added " -es " , for example :
Study - Studies
Cry - Cries
verb ending with the letter " y " that begins with a vowel , simply coupled with the
suffix " s" only, for example :
Buy - Buys
Play - Plays
If the verb begins with the letter auxiliary verb (Modal Auxiliaries ) , then do not get
the extra " s / es " , for example :
He Will work
Can she open
Example:
1.
(+)
(-)
(?)
(?)
There is a group of words yan should not be formed into the Present Continuous
, namely :
verb to express feelings , such as :
Like , want
verbs related to the senses , such as :
Feel , hear
verb to express thoughts or opinions , such as :
Believe , forget
How to Add infinitive with ing
If the infinitive ( Verb i) one or more monosyllabic ending consonants , and
preceded by a vowel , the last letter is doubled and added ing , such as :
Cut Cutting
Begin - The Beginning
If the infinitive ends with the letter l which preceded a vowel , then the new
duplicated plus l ing , such as :
Control - Controlling
If the infinitive ends in the vowel e is preceded by a consonant , then e is removed ,
then added ing , such as :
Come Coming
If the infinitive ends in the vowel e is preceded vowels i , ie it is converted first into a
new y plus ing , such as :
Die - Dying
I
You
They
They
We
We
He
He
She
She
Been
Have
Has
It
It
TO BE 3 (been) digunakan ketika suatu kalimat tidak ada unsur kata kerja (NON VERB).
Untuk semua jenis kalimat, baik positif, negatif, atau kalimat tanya pada Present Perfect Tense
menggunakan VERB 3.
Mengekspresikan kalimat Present Perfect Tense yang menggunakan kata kerja (VERB)
+
Mengekspresikan kalimat Present Perfect Tense yang tidak menggunakan kata kerja
(Non VERB)
+
Exsemple:
1.
2.
3.
(+)
(-)
( ?)
(+)
( -)
(? )
(+)
(- )
(?)
You
You
They
We
He
They
Have
She
Has
We
been
He
She
It
It
For all types of sentences, whether positive, negative, or interrogative sentence in the Present
Perfect
Continuous
Tense
use
TO
BE
(been)
followed
Contoh :
1.
2. (+): They have been waiting for their mentor since seven oclock
(-): They have not been waiting for their mentor since seven oclock
(?): Have They been waiting for their mentor since seven oclock ?
11
by
VERB
ING.
2.5.
kegiatan yang terjadi dimasa lampau dan waktu terjadinya persitiwa itu telah diketahui.
Simple Past Tense menggunakan jenis "TO BE 2" and "VERB 2"
TO BE 2 terdiri dari: was & were
I
He
You
Was
She
They
It
We
You
He
We
They
Were
Did / Didn't
She
It
12
Formulas
and
Example
Sentence
Simple
Past
Expressing Simple Past Tense sentence that uses the verb (VERB)
+
Expressing Simple Past Tense sentence that does not use the verb (Non VERB)
+
Contoh
1.
(+)
(+)
(-) : She did not finish her homework in the library yesterday
(?) : Did She finish her homework in the library yesterday ?
3.
(+)
Tense
13
2.6. Past Continuous Tense
Past Continuous Tense, or Past Progressive Tense is the tense that is used to indicate that the two
events occur at the same time, but the incident occurred earlier and was still in progress when the
second incident occurred.
On the use of Past Continuous Tense verb used must end with ing / (Verb + ing). Past Continuous
Tense form of time using this type of "TO BE 2" (was / were).
Contoh
1.
(+): Berid was walking down the street when it began to rain.
(-): Berid was not walking the street when it began to rain
(?) : Was Berid walking the street when it began to rain ?
2.
(+): It was raining when Diana went to the market last night
(-): It was not raining when Diana went to the market last night.
(?): Was it raining when Diana went to the market last night ?
3.
(+): Amel was sleeping all day yesterday when Ardy called him
(-): Amel was not sleeping all day yesterday when Ardy called him
(?): Was Amel sleeping all day yesterday when Ardhy called him ?
14
past
and
continue
to
take
place
finishes
in
the
past
or
the
next.
Past Perfect Tense also serves as a substitute for the Simple Past Tense when used to refer to
or indicate past events or actions that occur within a specified period.
I
You
You
They
They
We
We
Been
He
Had
He
She
She
It
It
Perfect Tense menggunakan jenis "TO BE 3" and "VERB 3
TO BE 3 adalah: been
TO BE 3 (been) digunakan ketika suatu kalimat tidak ada unsur kata kerja (NON VERB).
Untuk semua jenis kalimat, baik positif, negatif, atau kalimat tanya pada Present Perfect Tense
menggunakan VERB 3.
Rumus dan Contoh Kalimat Past Perfect Tense
Mengekspresikan kalimat Past Perfect Tense yang menggunakan kata kerja (VERB)
+
Mengekspresikan kalimat Present Perfect Tense yang tidak menggunakan kata kerja (Non
VERB)
+
15
Contoh
1. (+): His Wife had already eaten by the time I got home
(-): His wife had not already eaten by the time I got home
(?): Had his wife already eaten by the time i got home ?
16
You
You
Had
They
They
We
We
He
He
She
It
She
It
17
been
NON-VERBAL SENTENCE
When the predicate of a sentence is not a verb, then use the 'be' verb to replace it.
example:
I'll be in London tomorrow.
(I'll be in London tomorrow)
Note:
When we have a plan or desire to perform an activity in the future, then use be going to or Present
Continuous Tense to replace will / shall.
Example sentence:
I am going to go to Paris next week.
You are going to marry her next Friday.
She will see my mother at hospital tomorrow.
Simple Future Tense always uses the first verb (verb 1) for each sentence, and has a certain time
signal, such as:
-tomorrow
-next ...... .. (days, weeks, months, years) etc.
-soon (as soon as possible)
-on ...... .. (Monday, Tuesday) etc.
18
19
20
CHAPTER III
CLOSING
3.1 Conclusion
Tense general formula is as follows:
No tenses formula
1.Present Simple Tense S + V1.
2 Present Continuous Tense S + to be (is, am, are) + V-ing.
3 Present Perfect Tense S + have / has + V3.
4 Present Perfect Continuous Tense S + have / has + been + V-ing.
5. Simple Past Tense S + V2.
6 Past Continuous Tense S + was / were + V-ing.
7 Past Perfect Tense S + had + V3.
8 Past Perfect Continuous Tense S + had + been + V-ing.
9 Simple Future Tense S + will + V1.
10 Future Continuous Tense S + will + be + V-ing.
11. Future Perfect Tense S + will + have + V3.
12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense S + will + have + been + V-ing.
13. Past Simple Future Tense S + would + V1.
14. Past Future Continuous Tense S + would + be + V-ing.
15. Past Perfect Future Tense S + would + have + V3.
16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense S + would + have + been + V-ing.
3.2 Advice
The material on English grammatical papers still need to be completed, there are still many
shortcomings in it due to the limitations that are owned by the authors. To the subject
teachers concerned and all those who read this paper, in order to provide input so that this
paper can be more useful and easy to understand.
21
Daftar pustaka
1. http://wongzo.blogspot.com/2012/10/16-tenses-bahasa-inggris-beserta-rumus.html.
2. http://arjaenim.blogspot.com/2012/11/makalah-bhs-inggris-past-perfect-tense.html.
3. http://blogbintang.com/contoh-kesimpulan-dan-saran-makalah.
4. http://blogkita666.blogspot.com/search?q=english+day.
5. Santi, Inez. 2009. ENGLISH FOR TEEN 2. Yogyakarta: C.V ANDI OFFSET.
6. Hadianti, Afiyah. 2013.
22