1. PRESENTATION ON RATE ANALYSIS By- Y.P.

Thippeswamy
2. RATE ANALYSIS Why it is required ? To know Cost of item Requirement of Labour
Requirement of Material Requirement of Plant To control the cost of project
3. COST Cost of a item include fallowing 1. Labour cost 2. Material cost 3. Plant cost
4. LABOUR COST Example Manual carriage of material up to a lead of 50 meter 0.52
1000 Nos Bricks 3 044 Cu m Rock ( Excavated) 2 0.28 Cu m Earth 1 Male coolie Per
unit Unit Description Sl no 0.25 MT Steel 5 0.2 MT Cement 4
5. LABOUR COST Per unit Unit Concrete in Foundation Sl no 0.07 Cu m Vibrator with
operator 4 0.07 Cu m Mixer with operator 3 2.5 Cu m Male coolie 2 0.17 Cu m Mason 1
6. LABOUR COST 1.0 MT Bar bender 1 10 MT Helper 2 Per unit Unit Steel Shuttering
Sl no R/F steel 0.58 Sq m Helper 2 0.28 Sq m Carpenter 1
7. LABOUR COST Per unit Unit Plastering Sl no 0.02 Sq m Helper 2 0.02 Sq m White
washer 1 White washing 0.05 Sq m Helper 2 0.05 Sq m Mason 1
8. COST OF MATERIAL Material cost at source Taxes and royalty Transportation cost
from source to site Loading and unloading Shrinkage wherever applicable
9. PLANT COST Capacity of plant Hire charge with driver/ operator Cost of Fuel Cost of
mob. Oil Efficiency of plant OR Capacity of plant Cost of Plant Cost of Transportation
Depreciation Cost of erection and dismantling Cost of Fuel and Oil Cost of operation
Spares
10. Simple example of Rate Analysis Carriage of Cement for a lead of 10 Km including
Loading & Unloading. Quantity Per Trip ( Average ) - 9 MT Cycle Time (I) Time for
Loading :By Manual - 50 Min (ii) Time Lost In Acceleration - 2 Min (iii) Travel time (
Average speed 20 km/hr) - 30 Min (iv) Unloading Turning and accelaration time - 40
Min (v) Travel Back time (Av. Speed 30 km/hr) - 20 Min Total 142 Min (C) No of Trips
in 8 hrs =8x60/142 = 3.38 Trips Contd.
11. (d) Quantity of Material transport in 8 hrs = 9MTX3.38 =30.42 MT (e) Cost of
carriage per shift (i) Hire charges of truck with driver Rs.1500.00 (ii) Cost of Diesel
[(3.38x(10x2)]+3 For Turning Etc. 1 ltr per 2.5 km, 20 km/2.5= 70.6 ltrs. @Rs.35.00
Rs.2471.00 (iii) Cost of Loading & Unloading 6 Coolie @ Rs. 100.00 Rs. 600.00 Cost
per MT =4571.00/30.42=150.26 Add contractors profit 10 % = 15.00 Total cost per MT
= 165.26 Say Rs.165.00

12. Rate Analysis of Slip form Shuttering

Example Barsinghsar Chimney Approximate dia of shell at bottom 15 m No of yokes
required 24 Total Quantity of shuttering Involved 10100 Sq m A.COST OF YOKES
AND TRUSSES (i) Slip form truss - 24 MT (ii) Wt. of Yokes and accessories for 24 Sets
- 24 MT Total 48 MT = (48 MT @ Rs. 50000.00)40% = 960000.00 B.FORM PANNELS
( EN-8, 4MM THK PLATE) (i) (2.45X24X2X1.16)@31.4kG/Sq m = 3.75 MT @50000/= 187500 (ii) Less scrap Value ( 3.75x 10000) = 37500 Total cost of Form panels
=150000

13. C. COST OF JACK RODS ( EN-8 MATERIAL) 1 stage Up to 65 m 32 Dia

2x4x2x65m = 1040 m x 6.32/1000 = 6.57 MT 25 Dia 2x4x2x65m = 1040m x
3.85/1000 = 4.00 MT Add Wastage @ 3% = 0.32 MT Add Extraction loss @ 15% = 1.63
MT Total = 12.52 MT Consider 50% Depreciation/loss( 12.52x50%)=6.26 MT Cost of
Jack Rods 6.26 x 50000 = 313000 Add for studs and hard ware =100000 Total cost of
Jack rods Rs.413000/14. D. JACKS,POWER PACKS,HYDRAULIC HOSES ETC. Jacks 6 MT cap
6x2x2= 24 Nos + 4 spares= 28Nos 28Nos@70000/- = 1960000 Jacks 3 MT cap
6x2x2= 24 Nos + 4 spares= 28Nos 28Nos@40000/- = 1120000 Extraction Jacks 4 Nos @
60000/- =240000 Power packs 2 Nos =500000 Total cost of jackS =3820000/- Consider
30% Depreciation ( 3820000x30%) = 1146000/- Hydraulic Hoses etc. LS = 250000/- Net
cost of Jacks Etc. = 1396000/15. E. TIMBER AND CONSUMABLES Timber for walk way and platforms 11.35 Cu m
For Hanging & working Plat form 7.54 Cu m Add 5% wastage 0.95 Cu m Total 19.84 Cu
m Total Cost of Timber 18.84x15850/- = Rs.314464/- F. HYDRAULIC OIL AND
SUNDRY ITEMS Hydraulic oil 750 Ltr @ Rs.75/- = 56250 Sundry and hardware LS.
=100000 Spares Ls =100000 Grease MP 3 300 Kg @ 125/- = 37500 Total cost
=Rs.293750/16. G. LABOUR Erection 48 MT@ 4000/- = 192000 Operation Mechanic / Operator
2x2x3mnthxRs.6000 = 72000 Khalasi / helper 6x2x3mnthxRs.4500 = 162000 Ground
Control 2x2x3mnthxRs.4000 = 48000 Clericle staff 1x2x3mnthx Rs.4000 =24000
Add on ( a+b+c+d) Incentive,OT,Terminal benefits on completion @ 50% = 153000
Dismantling of slip form 48 MT @ 5000/- =240000 Shifting and storage LS = 25000
Total Labour = 916000
17. TOTAL COST OF SLIP FORM =Rs.4443214 Cost per Sq m of Shuttering
=4443214/10100 =439.93 SAY =Rs.440/18. THANK YOU

1. SUBMITTED BY:-JAYVANT CHOUDHARYDEEPENDRA PAYASI

2. STRUCTURALTYPES OF STAIRCASESCOMPONENTS OF
STAIRCASESINTRODUCTION NUMERICALDESIGN STEPSPOINTS OF
CONSIDERATIONSBEHAVIOUR OF STAIRCASES REFERENCESPROBLEM
3. STAIRS CONSIST OF STEPS ARRANGED IN A SERIES FORTHE PURPOSE OF
GIVING ACCESS TO DIFFERENTFLOORS OF BUILDING.SINCE STAIR IS
OFTEN THE ONLYMEANS OF COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THEVARIOUS
FLOORS OF BUILDING,THE LOCATIONREQUIRES GOOD AND CAREFUL
CONSIDERATION.
4. TREAD:-THE UPPER HORIZONTALPORTION OF STEP OVER WHICH FOOTIS
PLACED DURING ASCENDING ANDDESCENDING A STAIRWAY.RISER:-THE
VERTICAL MEMBER OFSTEP.IT IS USED TO SUPPORT ANDCONNECT
SUCCESSIVE TREADS.HEADROOM:-THE VERTICAL HEIGHTBETWEEN THE
TREAD OF ONE FLIGHTAND CEILING OF OVERHEADCONSTRUCTION.IT
SHOULD BESUFFICIENT SO AS NOT TO CAUSE ANYDIFFICULTY TO PERSON
USING THESTAIRS.
5. STRINGERS:-THESE ARE THE SLOPINGMEMBERS OF THE STAIR,USED
TOSUPPORT THE END OF STEPSWINDERS:-THESE ARE THE STEPS USEDFOR
CHANGING THE DIRECTION OFSTAIRS .THESE ARE USUALLYTRIANGULAR
IN PLAN.FLIGHT:-THIS CONSIST OF SERIES OFSTEPS PROVIDED BETWEEN
LANDINGSRUN OR GOING:-TOTAL LENGTH OFSTAIRS IN HORIZONTAL
PLAININCLUDING LENGTH OF LANDINGS
6. LANDING:-THIS IS THE HORIZONTAL PLATFORM PROVIDED AT THE
HEAD OF SERIES OF STEPS .IT IS USED AS A RESTING PLACE DURING USE
OF STAIRS .IT FACILITATES CHANGE OF DIRECTION OF FLIGHT HAND
RAIL:-IT IS AN INCLINED RAIL PROVIDED AT CONVINIENT HEIGHT OVER
STEPS .IT SERVES AS GUARD RAIL AND PROVIDE ASSISTANCE TO USER OF
STAIRS . BALUSTERS:-IT IS INDIVIDUAL VERTICAL MEMBER MADE OF
TIMBER,METAL OR MASONARY FIXED BETWEEN STRING AND HAND RAIL
TO GIVE SUPPORT TO HAND RAIL.BALUSTERS HAND RAIL
7. NOSING:-IT IS THE PROJECTING PART OFTREAD BEYOND THE FACE OF
RISER.IT ISUSUALLY ROUNDED TO GIVE PLEASINGEFFECT TO TREAD AND
MAKE STAIRCASECONVINIENT AND EASY TO USE.LINE OF NOSING:-THIS IS
THE STRAIGHTLINE TOUCHING THE NOSING OF VARIOUSSTEPS AND
PARALLEL TO SLOPE OF LINE.PITCH OR SLOPE:-VERTICAL ANGLE MADEBY
LINE OF NOSING WITH HORIZONTAL LINE OF NOSING NOSING
ALL8. STRAIGHT STAIRS:- THIS MAY BE CONTINUOUS WITH TWOFLIGHTS
WITHSTEPS LEAD IN ONE DIRECTION ADOPTED WHEN STAIRCASE IS
NARROWANDAN INTERMIDIATE LANDING PROVIDED MOSTLY IN
PORCH,ENTRANCEETCLONG DOG-LEGGED STAIRS:- CONSIST OF TWO
STRAIGHT FLIGHTS RUNNING IN OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS THERE IS NO
SPACE BETWEEN THE FLIGHTS IN PLAN LANDING IS PROVIDED AT
LEVEL WHICH DIRECTION OF FLIGHT CHANGES
9. QUARTER TURN NEWEL:- A STAIR TURNING THROUGH 90 WITH THE
HELP OF LEVEL LANDING USED IN SHOPS AND PUBLIC BUILDINGSOPEN
NEWEL A WELL OR OPENING ISPOPULARLY KNOWN AS OPEN

WELLSTAIRSSTAIRS:- THE OPENING IS GENERALLY

USEDFORLEFTBETWEEN FORWARD ANDBACKWARD FLIGHT A SHORT
FLIGHT MAY OR MAY NOTPROVIDED IN THESEINSTALLATION OF LIFT
STAIRS
THESE STAIRS MAY HAVE10. GEOMETRICAL STAIRS :- THIS TYPE OF
STAIR ISANYGEOMETRICAL SHAPE AND THEY REQUIRE NONEWEL POST
SIMILAR TO OPENNEWEL STAIR EXCEPT THE WELL FORMEDBETWEEN
FORWARD AND CHANGE OF DIRECTION IN SUCH STAIRS
ISACHIEVEDBACKWARD FLIGHTIS CURVED BY WINDERS AND NOT
BYLANDINGS CIRCULAR STAIRS:- ALL THE STEPS ARE RADIATE FROM A
NEWI POST OR WELL HOLE ALL THE STEPS ARE WINDERS THIS IS
PROVIDED WHERE SPACE IS LIMITED AND TRAFFIC IS CASUAL MOSTLY
LOCATED AT REAR OF BUILDING
11. INCLINED STAIR FLIGHT1)STAIRS SPANNING IN LONGITUDINAL
DIRECTION:- TOGEATHER WITHLANDING ARE SUPPORTED ON WALL &IN
FIG (a) THEBEAMS INEFFECTIVE SPAN ISCONSIDERED BETWEEN THE
CENTRE TOCENTRE OF SUPPORTS FIG (b) OF TRANSVERSE SPANNING
OFLANDINGS SPAN IS TAKEN AS SSHOWN IN IN CASE OF OPEN WELL
STAIRS WHERESPAN PARTLY CROSS AT RIGHT ANGLESFIG THELOAD ON
COMMEN AREA MAY DISTRIBUTEDAS ONE HALF IN EACH DIRECTION IN
FIG (C)
12. 2)STAIR SLAB SPANNING IN THE TRANSVERSE FOLLOWING ARE THE
MOST COMMONEXAMPLES OF SLAB SPANNINGDIRECTION:- IN THESE
SLABS WIDTH OF FLIGHTINTRANSVERSE DIRECTION AS SHOWN
INFIGURE MINIMUM THICKNESS OF 75 TO 80 MMSHOULD
BEBEINGSMALL(1-1.5M) MINIMUM PERCENTAGEREINFORCEMENT TO
RESIST MAX BENDINGMOMENTPROVIDED SHOULD BE PROVIDED
LANDING13. THE WIDTH OF THE LANDING WIDTH OF STAIRSSHOULD
NOT BE LESS THAN THE WIDTHOF STAIRS RESIDENTIAL:-0.8 TO 1 M PUBLIC
:- 1.8 TO 2 TREADM RESIDENTIAL:-220-250 MM PUBLIC:- 250-300MM NOT
LESS THAN 200MM IN ANY CASE RISER RESIDENTIAL:-150-180 MM PUBLIC:120-150MM PITCHNOT MORE THAN 200MM IN ANY CASE SHOULD NOT BE
MORE THAN 38
HEAD ROOM14. CLEARENCE LENGTH OFSHOULD NOT BE LESS THAN
2.1M FLIGHT NO OF STEPS SHOULD BE MINIMUM 3 AND MAXIMUM 12
15. 1) GEOMETRICAL DESIGN:- ASSUME SUITABLE TREAD AND RISER NO OF
RISER= (F/F HEIGHT) RISE NO OF RISERS IN ONE FLIGHT=0.5(NO OF
RISERS) NO OF TREAD = (NO OF RISERS 1) GOING DISTANCE= (NO OF
TREAD) (TREAD WIDTH) WIDTH OF LANDING WIDTH OF STAIR
16. 2) STRUCTURAL DESIGN:-2.1) EFFECTIVE SPAN CALCULATION:EFFECTIVE SPAN CALCULATION=C/C DISTANCE BETWEEN SUPPORTS IF
NOT GIVEN WIDTH OF SUPPORT CAN BE TAKEN IN BETWEEN 200 TO 300
MM2.2)TRIAL DEPTH OF WAIST SLAB:- ACCORDING TO IS 456:2000 ARTICLE
23.2.1 BY CALCULATING RATIO OF SPAN TOEFFECTIVE DEPTH AND AFTER
THAT RATIO IS MULTIPLYING BY THEMODIFICATION FACTOR

17. MODIFICATION FACTOR CAN BE CALCULATED BY ASSUMING %

OFTENSION REINFORCEMENT
18. ALTERNATE METHOD:-1) THE THICKNESS OF WAIST SLAB(t) NORMAL
TO SLOPE CAN BE ASSUMED AS(L/20) FOR SIMPLY SUPPORTED SLAB (L/25)
FOR CONTINUOUS SLAB WHENWAIST SLAB SPANNING IN LONGITUDINAL
DIRECTION2) IN CASE OF TREAD-RISER STAIRS SPANNING
LONGITUDINALLY THETHICKNESS OF RISER & TREAD SLAB KEPT SAME
WITH VALUES OF (SPAN/25)FOR SIMPLY SUPPORTED AND (SPAN/30) FOR
CONTINUOUS STAIRCASES (MINIMUM THICKNESS OF 80 MM SHOULD BE
PROVIDED)
19. 3) LOAD CALCULATION:-CALCULATIONS SHOULD BE MADE BY
CONSIDERING WIDTH OFSLAB EQUAL TO 1 METRE3.1) SELF WEIGHT OF
SLAB = 25 D (R+T)/T (KN-M)3.2)WT OF STEPS = 25 0.5 R (KNM)3.3)WT OF FLOOR FINISH = 1 1 (KN-M) (ASSUME)3.4)LIVE LOAD = 3
KN/M (RESIDENTIAL BUILDING) = 4-5 KN/M (PUBLIC BUILDING)3.5) NET
LOAD(W) =W +W +W+W3.6)FACTORED LOAD = W=1.5 W
20. 4) CALCULATION OF DESIGN MOMENTS:-FIND MAX BENDING EITHER
BY DRAWING SHEAR FORCE AND BENDINGMOMENT DIAGRAM OR BY
CONSIDERING IT EQUALS TO (0.125W L)5)CHECK FOR EFFECTIVE
DEPTH:- d = (M/(Rub)) d provided6)CHECK FOR REINFORCEMENT:6.1)CALCULATE MAIN STEEL(Ast) Ast =0.5Fck/Fy (1 (1 (4.6M/Fckbd))bd
Ast Ast minimum FOR Fe 250 Ast min = 0.12 % of GROSS AREA FOR Fe 415 Ast
min = 0.15 % of GROSS AREA6.2) PROVIDE SUITABLE DISTRIBUTION
STEEL=Ast min
21. 7) CHECK FOR SHEAR:-7.1)CALCULATE MAX DESIGN SHEAR FORCE:- Vud
= 0.5 WL7.2)CALCULATE SHEAR RESISTED BY CONCRETE:- Vuc = k c
bd Vud < Vuc VALUES OF c AND k CAN BE OBTAINED BY THE
FOLLOWING TABLES
22. 8) PROVISION OF DEVELOPMENT LENGTH:- Ld req = (0.87 Fy )/4
WHERE = DIAMETRE OF BAR PROVIDED = DESIGN BOND STRESS9)
CHECK FOR DEFLECTION:- CALCULATE ACTUAL % OF REINFORCEMENT L/d
provided < L/d max10) SUMMARY AND DETAILING
REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN-23. DESIGN OF REINFORCED
CONCRETEN.KRISHNARAJU,R.N.PRANESH CIVIL ENGINEERING DRAWINGGURCHARANSTRUCUTRES-S.RAMAMRUTHAM SINGH,SUBHASHCHANDER