2

BV|D \\BV|D \][ \_ kk> VV^.

k^ Ds >VzDVm, ^ Vm Vm,
c^ > cBm^. [V_, c^ BD
*]m [V. [D k kz ]Du
ck\BVkm: ]\>D, sD V^.
k^ VF >VzDVm, VVD *]
>[ mV^S. s>\ D k^
Ds> VbDVm, kB VflEBD *\Vlu
[ mV^^. kB_VD >\D, >
>] am Vk]_B[ c\BVk czfl
V_K[. kVxD tD amVD; [ kV>V
am VVm.

g\ V][ 2D QVl

QVl \uD xB
]V l[ WD,
s kV^

V>V fl. E[ cV\Bz ]B

W]om kVD (15:413).
V>: k>V\V_ cV V\lVKD,
g>oVKD VD D^kVzD (k_) >
>_VD DxB Vk >m.
V\BD g>D >> k[, SmV>
z >kD ^ kVk E>^k
VD cz () FkVV. s>\VF ^
Vm DxB > SmV>B >VkVB
k kVF \\|mT^. gBV_, k
B \\V SmV> c uVmV,
D c_ kBVk uV^^.
BM_, >V>Vz kVz>> c]
BVzD, kB ]B][ Wt>D SmV>
s>>x^kz V>VV[, AV]BVV,
(>V>) ][ Wt>D k \\|mV^

kX|

V_k V [
VBV

g\ VD
g\ V][ x>_ QVl
V>V fl. E[ cV\Bz ]B
W]om kVD (13:1114).
V>: >V VD W]Bs| ]
\Vlu. M_, \m BD VD skE >V
V>s Vm ] *]o[m. uk
[ Vlu; V *\Vlu. gBV_ [ B
>^s|, l[ g> >m V^kV\V.
o_ mV BVBVoVF V\V; sm
KD, zkKD, |KD, V |KD,
kV>V]KD, VV\lKD _V\KD, flz
mkVfl Z> V\KD, gkVB SmV>
| V^^.
fl. V ]B > s][
>VflE (21:2533).
V]_, V> >D zfl V[>Vkm:
Vm B[ ][ ] ]B^
>V[D. x]xD D m V>>V_,
tl_ z c]kxVzD. cm_VD M
[ kV>Vk[ \M>^ Bm, ]V]
]V_ ssm VkV^. M_, kV \[
mk^ |D. Vm \\[ tz> k_\

6
fl. V ]B > s][
>VflE (3:116).
]R [D VB VflEBV][ ]
>VD k], Vfi Vm [k[ R>BV >mz
]]BVD, Vm [k[ oBV V[ m>
V]BVD, k[ V>VB oA mBV V
|zD, ]VVM] V|zD m>V]BVD, oEMBV
[k[ o V|zfl m>V]BVD, [V,
V [k^ >V gVBVD > V]_,
kV>] BV z\VV z gkB
kVBD cVlu. Vm k BV>V[ ]|>
VzD km, BV y>El[ kVBV\]_
]lVD, Vk s\VmV >k][ QV
V> >V. (]_ ]l>>M_): kV
>] ]kB zVo (>V)! gkB
kaB x]Afl F^, kB V>fl k
BVz^. ^>V_VD #|D; \ z[_VD
>V>|D; VVk^ VD, Vk^ \
kaVtzD. > \M>D kB
B> VV[ [>VD.

3
[ V_K[. >Mt>D, gk, AV]^ |s_
cD\ l|, cDxB V\> zm >
V|k[ [ >m. [D kV]_:
AV], gkB V| D \^
[D, *|D: AV], gk m]^, \>
, gk A^ [D >m.
\KD A V] g^kVB v [kB kVk
DAkV; AV]BV k\_ D kV^ [
BV [k V_KV. ^ DlKD, Zm
Vms[ k_\lKD zDz Dl[ >FkD
skE>VKVzD s> >V]VKD c
WAkVV.
fl. \> ]B > s][
>VflE (11:210).
V]_: VkM_ SmV>B F
ufl EflVl_ ^sVm >DxB
_ k : kkBk >V\V, _m
kVk k V] k|\V [ kzfl V_K
s>V. V> kz \\VaBVfl V[>Vkm:
^VF, kD, kD z
s^. z VV^, xk V^, ziV
^ >\VV^, s V^, \>V cl>DA
V^. w^ sD V]|V^. [ \_
_V>k[ VBkV[ [V. k^ V[A V>
zm > Vfl V_ >V
>Vkm: ^ V]_ > V V^? VuV_
>V| VBV? [ >>V[ V V^?
\_oB c > \M>BV? >V \_oB c
Bk^ V \Vl_ V. _k[V_
> V V^? y>EBBV? gD, y>ElKD
\uk>V[ [ czfl V_K[. [V_

>V, [ #> c\m xmz x[V A[, k[

c\z x[ c\m ka gB>D bkV[ [ >
m ku>V[.

kM>B kV>]_ |kB zVo V

[V. kV BVl>V^. *D
k^ k V: Sm\_, oBV`\_, y
>E\_k[V_, [ [ QVVD V|S [
V^. kz \V>V\V: V[ >V_
QVVD V|[. gV_ ^ BV> k c^
\]l_ WuV. z[ kkBkD, [MKD
\[\BVkD k; kB V>l[ kV
s>uz V[ V]kV_ [V. k^ BV>V[ ]z
l_ QVV V|mk> >VMBVs_
Ds>.

g\ V][ 3D QVl
V>V fl. E[ oBz ]B
W]om kVD (4:47).
V>: gk]_ VmD >V\Vl^;
\fi V_K[: >V\Vl^. c^
kV|D _V \M>zD >]>V; > _
V. >[ KD kV]^. gV_ _V
]KD, k|>oKD, [B> >V]>V| B
c^ \[V|^ >kx]_ >Bkkm. B
_V k > kB \V>V\Vm c^
>BD c^ E>D Smz^ V
Vuk>V.
fl. ]B > s][
>VflE (1:1928).
V]_: R>^ tom gVBD
s>D ]_ : BV[ Vm,
k V[ VEB\Vkm: V[ SmkVk _ [
l|, > \>oV\_ k|]V. k^
\D k ss: [ BV? oBVvV [ ,
k: V[ _ [V. y>EBV , >uzD k: V[
_ [ \\Va V[V, gBV_ k^:
kz V^ \V>Vfi V_KD BV?
cD\ zm [ V_KS [V^. >uz k:
>B kaBfl kBVz[ BV y>E

g\ V][ 4D QVl
V>V fl. E[ V]Bz ]B
W]om kVD ((I V. 4:15).
V>: BV > \M>D SmV>
B aBVVD, kB \ EB
m V|kVD V^kV[. V
>V, \Vkz^ \Vx^kV V|
k[ BV[ sV|m. glD V[ cVBVkm,
\M>B WBVB V[ sVlVVkm y|km
V_. VD [ y|V^]_. [
\V [M] zu> V[. gKD, >V
V[ ]\VVk]_. [ |yk gk>V[.
g>V_, gk kk>uz^V ^ V]uz x] yV
>^. k _ \]k m, >Bfl
E>D kBVzkV. Vm kkz cB
AflE kV cVzD.

10
VkM[D ]m, c[> >_ kB
\mk km V]_ cV]V. k >k#>
VKD k s> V\>fl >>mVV
V, kz ]\VF k VKD \[\^
kVF V. M_, [B z\V[: [ VD
cD\ M>[ [D, *D, V[ kz >VkVF
[, k z z\VVF V [D, k
V]Vkm #>_ BVVKfi V[mV? [D
>VD x>_ M>k \]_ kEflF>
Vm, >k#>^ kD k \VV [V.
>k#> z>VkM_: k >DxB #>
VuVD, >\m aB MflkVBVD FV
[ V_KV. gV_ >\m > V, >k,
cDxB ]VD [[zD c^m. cDxB
E[ V_ ]flVVl[m. ]B sD,
\> kS; g>V_ >k, cDxB >k[
cDxB >Vwz \V cD\ g> >]V_
D V [D, gk, g]l_ tz
]kVt; \D cDxB kBV\.
k^ amVD, V WWu. k_VD k]D
V_ wVFVD. gB \VukmV_ k \Vu
T; kD \V|VD. V >[\BVF k.
cDxB k^ zVm [D V_[m.

tD B\Vk: \m VB kB
kV>D \M>zD kBV, VD k]BD,
flD kms|, ]_ \
\]BV|D, ]BV|D, ]BV|D D, \m Dz
sB\VB g> VBmzD, c[> D, \m
\VB Sms[ \\ >V g\mzD
]VmVD \z m. k D\fl
\KD W[ Em, D\fl >\V, >\z
c>kD, uB_ kVB\V \V
V^D >D\>V\ \V B>V. D gkVB
Sms_ k V]m, A] V_KTV.

fl. ]B > s][

>VD (1:114).

fl. V ]B > s][

>VflE (2:114).

g]l kV>l>V. > kV> kM]

o>V. > kV> kVD >V. k g]l
kM]o>V. k J\VF xD cV
>VaB cVk_ mD kVB[ cV
s_. kz^ kM>m. >fl k[ \M>z
BVl>m. > _ VE[m. glD Vm

V]_, cx\D zz >|DBV

V zm VBM]om >m. B
>m ]]BVB [kV_ > x>VD zzfl
FBm. g>V_, _VD >^ B ]V|zD
V|, >^ >^ V> z VV^. l,
B >VT][ V]>D, z|D>D >kV

II

> A VD
> > ]V^ x>u
V>V fl. E[ ymz ]B
W]om kVD (2:1115).

BV_, uk]BV >DxB \s \BD\VV| B]

V|zDBV, oBVsK^ > s| R>BVsK^
D [D >VTm mz VV. k^
l_ Ds>>>M_, kz VD Wku.
k^ >[ >fl[ ^B u mV_ kfl u
x[Ml_ ] k>V^. M_ ]]_ kz
t_V\_ Vlu, Vm > V_ E B^
sa]m, >^ zfl V\Vk_ VmV>V^.
Vm >V gkB #>[ k km Wu,
>FT VD kfl m , k^ tD Bm
fiEV^. gV_ >k#>[ k V: ^
BV]^; M_ >V, _V mzD \V
>V> kszD F]B cz s[.
>>M_: [ >VT][ ]_ SmV>VB
cV ]V. zw>B m_ u,
x[Ml_ ]l V^; mk cz
BVD [V. [ kV l[ D >
>k#>V| m, k m]m: c[> >
kz \\ >VxD, V] _ \m^
\M>zfl \V>VxD cVkm [V^.

\z^ Dz >, >DxB iV>]V_

VD ]\V[V|, W]B sBmzfl >]kVVzD
F>V.

> > ]V^ 2D

V>V fl. E[ ymz ]B
W]om kVD (3:47).
tD B\Vk: DxB VB k
B VVxD, \M> [AD >V[Vm VD F>
] B uB_k, >DxB ][B,
ZmVmsV_ D\ \ \V, Am
V]V D\ Em, > Zmk DxB
VB SmV> J\VF \m\_ V\VF Vam,

fl. V ]B > s][

>VflE (2:1520).
V]_: B^ kVk V: VD
D\|D VF, Ds>mD, gk \z s>m
\VB >fl ]B VV\V [ EV|, ys\VF
km, \BD\VD, BD x[Ml_ ]l>
zw>BD V^. | > zw>B zm
>zfl V_ ]B mVV^. [D
k_VD BV_ >zfl V_
k[ KD gflBV^. \BD\V^ >
kVBB_VD >[ >B]_ kmfl E]mV|
kkV^. BD >zfl V_B >V^
mD m\VB BVkuDu k Vu
AmV| ]D VV^.

> > ]V^ 3D

V>V fl. E[ Bz ]B
W]om kVD (1:112).
T]_ xKD, s>\VD y>E
V| DxB >VV| E k[, EBVF
V_ >DxB >V| D\V| ElV.
kV kVD Eim k_V
kuuzD kfl >]kVBVV. k kB \\
l[ >VxD, kB >uV[ Vx\VF m,
_VkuD >DxB k_ kV>BV_ >V, D\

14

11

s[ ]V\][ ]V^
(k 2D >]) _m
J[ VV^ ]Vz
x[kD QVl

> AV^s_. kV \M>

>V. kz [ . k >\m kaBVFfl
D skEzD V|, B zmfl VEBfi V_K
k>uz VEBV k>V. k > B_, gV_ > B
zmfl VEBfi V_ k>kV\. (kV>BVB k)
] k > \M>D VE \FBV
BVl>V. k c]o>V. cD k J\VF
cVm. gKD cD k mV^s_.
k >\m g]]_ k>V. kBkV k u
V^s_. BVV k uV|, kB V\][
\_ skVx^kVVV, k^ >k A]VzD
kz k_\B V|>V. k^ >]VK\_,
\VD fllVK\_, AB E>]VK\_, gV_
kV >k^. kV>BVk \VD\V, i
V>xD ]BxD W>kVF \z^ kV\Vl>V.
kB \\B VD; m >Vs[ >zB
\\z WVl>m.

V> l[ kVD (4:812).

V_: VB ZmVmsV W
|, k V: ][ ]V, J
^. > VBV \M>z cV>
zm, k[ s>\VF B\VV[ V^
[z sVV_, cV_ EKkl_ B
kD, kV_ \>Vom k\Vl
VB Sms[ V\]V k[ cz
x[Vfl B\VF WuV[ c^ _VzD,
VB_ ^ kzD >]km. T|
|kVB cV >^ _VB k Jz
x>[\ _VV. (kV[) k kVKD B
t_; M_ VD BD B kB>uz kV
][ (kB V\\_Vm) k V\D \M>z
V|s_ [V.
fl. V ]B > s][
>VflE (2:21).
V]_: ^z s>>fi Fk>uz |
VVVm, k >Vl[ c>]_ cuszx[ >k#>V_
V_B [ V\>BD kzfl m.

> > ]Vz [kD QVl

V>V fl. E[ V]z ]B
W]om kVD (4:17).
V>: >]kV _VmzD \VVlmD
k[ E ^BVlz\|D kzD \BVkzD
s]BVt_. >[ >VsV_ z VD kzD,
k[ T| sVVzD, VB>zD
V[. >[\V, VxD EkVlzDVm
][ fi ]Bz \kVl>VD.
l, VD TV A] gzD, WBVB \V
mz k *|V^>>V, VD W
kBVm M]_ >kD WBVB\Vmz

12

13

k\V >DxB > k[ V.

_V\KD ^ A]VlBV_ k[ V,
>Vk [ | >DxB >B Zmk c^
>B_ V. g>V_ Vm (c_) kD
\BVl]_. A]VlV[. A]V_, k
B BV_ >]kV\VlV[.

s>> ]V^
> > 8D V^ (k 1D >])

fl. V ]B > s][

>VflE (2:3340).

tD B\Vk: \m VB kB
kV>D \M>zD kBV, VD k]BD,
flD kms|, ]_ \ \]
BV|D, ]BV|D, ]BV|D D, \m Dz sB
\VB g> VBmzD, c[> D, \m
\VB Sms[ \\ >V g\mzD ]Vm
VD \z m. k D\fl
\KD W[ Em, D\fl >\V, >\z
c>kD, uB_ kVB\V \VV^
D >D\>V\ \V B>V. D gk
Sms_ k V]m, A] V_KTV.

V]_: BD V>B \V>VkVB

\BVD k zmfl V_k[ _ ]lm
V>V^. _V\KD, E\BV[ k gk]m,
kB >VBVVB \BD\V Vfl V[>Vkm: >V,
k VBo_ z VD, c>V\VD, sV
]|D zBVD u|>V. cDxB gm\
>D kV^ |D; >V B >B E>
^ k|DBVzD [V. [D g V]
>VD, Vk_ z\V]\VB [V^ [D y
>EM >V^. k[ [M\ VBx>_ >[ AV|
kD kV>kD, ] kBm [k\Vl>V^.
mVK kBm \|D s>kBVl> k^ >kVB>
s| V\_, D KD ckVEm fiFm (g
kz) aBfi FmV| k>V^. kD ]_
|]l km, gk m]m VB[ EA
V VmV> BVkV|D k zm EV^.
>B k> k^ >D W
ku[A, oBVsK^ >[D >^
z ]D VV^. ^ km, QV>V_ Wm,
| k>m; kB D k]_ >m.

V>V fl. E[ ymz ]B

W]om kVD (2:1115).

fl. V ]B > s][

>VflE (2:21).
V]_: ^z s>>fi Fk>uz |
VVVm, k >Vl[ c>]_ cuszx[ >k
#>V_ V_B [ V\>BD kzfl
m.

18

15

>VBV k V: \ [ z fl Fy? >V,

cDxB >>D VD mm, cD\ >V\ [V^.
>uz k: ^ [ [ >^? V[ [ >Vs[
VB_ KkVlk|\[ cz >BV>V
[V. gV_ k^ >z k V[ kV>B
|s_. [A k kV| A|,
#z km, kz ]>V. kB
>VBV > kVBB_VD >[M>B]_ k]
>V^. V>Vk[V_ kzD \M>zD x[V
QV]KD VB]KD kV>]KD kmV| k>V.

J[ VV^ ]V^ (k 6D >])

J[ VV^ ]Vz[
kD x>_ QVl.
V>V fl. E[ cV\Bz ]B
W]om kVD (12:15).
V>: V[ [ > zm c
\[V >[k[V_, ^ c^ Z
>xD, kz Bx\V cl^ oBV A
V|^. mk ^ FB> A]^ gV>. ^
mz u kV\_, kB E>mz
[m \VD, B\VD, c>\\VD >[
mV^D c^ \> Amm, cfl
]]V^^. z k]V V[ c^
_VzD V_K>Vkm: kB QVmz tfiE
QVx^kV kVD. \V|D, kkz
^ > skV][ uVVKD, c^
QVt|D. >B[V_, \z^ Z]_
kBkmD, _V kBkzD >Va_ _V>m
V, VB VxD SV>z^ Z\VD, >M

BV y>El[ kVD (60:16).

\! ]; c[ yD k>>VKD, gkB
\\ c[_ c>B\V>VKD, V\B\VF szkVBV.
M_, >VD (*]BV) tBD, V^ (\u)
D mV^D. c[BV gk >^kV.
kB \\ c[M_ TD. ^ c[ kfl> V
V^. D cz c>B\V ]l[ m B
Vm kkV^.
c[ |m, c[fl uKD V. z
[]V _VD c[M> k>kVk. D
c[ A] kz >VsM[ kk. c[ A]^ ]
M[D cm l_ >lV^. k
Vm, >VkV\VkVF. c[Mmfl x] ]^
]DADVm, nkB ^ c[MD |DVm, c[ >BD
gflBD V| zD. ^ kVDV_ km
c[fl k. \]BV[, V >B]B kx^ D
km WDAk. V >B]B >D V[D #
kD ]kVF, gkB m]zB B_
>VmV| kk.
fl. \> ]B > s][
>VflE (2:112).
B V>B V_ R>Vs[ VB
t V> ]l_, >V ]lM[
V] V]^ D z km, R>B VVkV
]k ? M_ ]l_ kB ]
> | k gV] k>VD [V^. V>[ >
k V[; D xkmD kV| m.

16

17

[D k[ >V gVBD, ][ k>VD

[VF SmkVk V[ kD
sV>V[. k^ kzfl V[>Vkm: R>Vs[ D
_>V[; M_, y>EBV_ kV >m.
BV \, R>Vs[ VB, R>Vs[ Ei _
u\D E>_. M_, m VB_ >
g>k c[Mtm k|kV [>VD. Vm
V>[ V] V] EB\VF wm kz
] >V[ V>u V>BVF sVm
>V[. z k D z : ^
VF, ^Bu V>BVF sV^. k ^
[, VD km k gV]zD z s^
[V[. [ V[> k^ [ AV^.
Vm >V, ]l_ k^ ]D ^
> ][\_ km Wuz\|D kz x[ [m.
kVk[V_ ]> Vmfl >V tz]BV_
g>VV^. [A T_ kEm V k
>VBV \BD\VV| |, ViV\V sm k
gV]>V^. \KD >^ V ]m, V[D
#kxD *D kz V>V k>V^. \KD
k^ V>MD ]D VV> W]l_ c>
u>V_, k \V\VF >^ >]uz ]D
VV^.

>mV|, kVk >V, kVkm, \uVk[

\_ xV>V_ > VmV|, gk
c \[M>mV_ D cz^ kVk
\[MmV^^. gV_ kB_VkuuzD \V
c>\>][ >\VB \ [ V^. SmV>
B \V>VD c^ >B_ >V A
V^|D. >uVk ^ Z\V w
S^. >uV [B]^. SmV>B
kVBD c]_ D\VFfl QV>V|
zVkm. B ^ kVkz
V]m, A] V_o, >KD, >KD, QV
V|KD kz [B> >V] c^
>B_ VV| kV^. kV>lVVkm
BlVVkm ^ >>fl F>VKD, >B_VD
gkVB Sms[ V\]V Fm, k J\VF
>VkVB kz [B> >V]D b^.

]z|D ]V^
V>V fl. E[ VEBz ]B
W]om kVD (3:1217).
V>: kV_ >mV^ ^
>D, Bx^k\VF >BV\V c[>>D,
V>>D, >VflEBD, kV|>D, V\BD

fl. V ]B > s][

>VflE (2:4252).
V>z [M| kBm Vm k^
l[ kw xz VF, V^
xm ]D kDVm, VVB V> >V \V>Vz
>BV\_ t >sV. k >^ >VV|
V[ k^ V|, V^ BD km,
>^ >V]KD, x\Vk]KD sVmD,
VV>]V k >V|, xz ]D
k>V^. [D Ds>>>M_, J[ Vz z
>kVB] k V]^ |s cVm, k^
V_K> D k skD V^. k
B kV BVkD kB QV>D \V
>VDu tm V>V^. (kB
\V>V >VD) k | gflBV^. Vm kB

22

19

[ aB[ ]tkV>\VF T m V kV>|V[

[V[. >uz V>: V[ km k z\Vzk[
[V. Vm #B[ \\VaBV: gk!
>kZ [ _]_ kE B[ uk_.
gV_ >kZ kV> \V]fi V_oBD, [
aB[ V>\kV[.
M_, BD ]V
mz \M>Vl[. z
Vfl kD c|. (k_) k V V[
Vk VV[; kVk V: kVk k
V[; [ aBD >fl FBfl FV[ [V[.
V> >| ]lm, >\m kk
V:
V[ VB]_ D\V]D skV
> Vs_B[ \FBVk czfl V_K
[.
gBV_ wKD \uKtm km,
V VflEB]_, VD, ~Vz, BVVA [k
V| ]l_ \kV[ czfl V_K
[. VflEB][ \V ADV _ >^|kV
^; D uAD cVlz\[ ]D
uV. [D V> #B V: VVD.
skE>B cz gkm [V. \ >
aB[ B\>V[.

>MB V>V_ kVk cAVD VD.

J[ VV^ ]Vz[
kD 4D QVl.
V>V fl. E[ cV\Bz ]B
W]om kVD (13:810).
V>: ^ kBVk EkB [
V, \u > sB]KD [VVV>^. M_
fl Ek[ kV, k k>uB Wku

sD:

D 17 V.

J[ VV^ ]Vz[
kD 2D QVl.
V>V fl. E[ cV\Bz ]B
W]om kVD (12:616).
V>: \z kV>][B VD
kkV k cBkVBV_, Dt_ y
> kxBk[ skV \V (kV[).
s>\ ]sV[ s Fk]KD, c>E
k[ c>E]KD, A]\] V_Kk[ A] V_Kk
]KD, |k[ \lKD, >\BVF k[
klKD, zk[ x\flElKD, >[>[ k>fl K
]V| kkV[. c^ ED VVu>V;
][\B km [\B u V^^. V>
E>V| [MBV[MB \Vl^. D bk]_
kBVk x]V^^. c^ Kko_ ]BV
lV\_ \]_ k\Vl^; gkz aBfi F^;
Dl_ \^; m[]_ V\BVl^ ]_
W]^. flEkB k_ (c
z^>) m V|^. WBz V|m c
^. c c]k|mk gk]^.
gk]kB>B[fl BV>^. \kVV| \m
kVV| ^. kVVk E>^kVF
^. \BVkfl E]BV\_, >V\BVk
V| m^.

20

21

fl. ]B > s][

>VflE (2:111
(2:111).

J[ VV^ ]Vz[
kD 3D QVl.

V]_: oBV VK^ VV

oBVD >m. V>B >VBVD l>V^.
V>D, kB D > oBVmz w
>V^. Vm ]V D kz zkVF
V]V, V>B >VBV k V: kz
t_ [V^. >uz V>: ]ZB, zD c\zD
[? [B VD [D ks_B [ kz
]DuV. glD kB >VBV sV
V: k cz [ V_KVV, >[ F
^ [V. l, R> ]fi F x\l[
B, kV[D | J[ z > > g
uV^ k>. V> k V:
V >V_ WA[ V_, k^ k
kVF\V WV^. [A V> k Vm:
Vm ^ \V|, ] >kM]_ V|VF
V|^ [, kD V|VF V|>V^. m
lm k>>[ > \V sV
]>VB[, ]>k[ BV]>BV_, k[
]V \VF \V >fl k V> \V]]_,
\kV wm: > \M>D x> _ >
\VkV[.
^ ]]BV Vfi F>][\_,
>\V> V|V[. V _ > mkzD
k]y [V[.
k\ V> oBV
VK^ VV, >DxB uA>z gD\V,
>fl Fm, >\m \\B k |]V. kB
^ k\_ skVD k>V^.

V>V fl. E[ cV\Bz ]B

W]om kVD (12:1621).
V>: cB A]Vo[ V]^.
kzD ][\z]_ ][\ FBV>^. >k x
]Kt[, \M> x[VD [\B V ^.
|\VV_ cVV\|D \M>V|D \V>V\V
l^. tD B\Vk, akVV\_ Vmz
>mV^. M_ akVz>_ z cBm; V ]_
Fk[ [ > V_Kk>V (k>]_ ]l[m.
c[ m E]>V_, kz [D |; >V\Vl>V_,
kz V V|. B Fk>V_, k[ >l[
\_ M > zsVF. ][\BVm c[ l
sV>. gV_ B ][\B [\BV_ lVBV.
fl. \> ]B > s][
>VflE (8:113).
V]_: V> \l_ W[ Vm ]V
^ k [[ VV^. Vm >V
ziV km, k \m: gk, >kZzfl
E>\VV_ [fl >\V cD\V_ |\[V[. Vm
V> >\m > k >V|: E>\Vl[,
>\Vz [V. c kB ziVfi >\Vlu.
V> k V: > kzfi V_V>
VmV^. glD VF zV]z c[ Vm
kz >VEBV \VX[ l VBfl
Km [V. [A k VD _ kEmVm
#B[ k[ k] km k \[V: gk!

26

23

V^ BV>D V_kB]_. M_, k

u DVm, c]_ V^ k>m k
O\Vl>>[D, ^ k>VB \FBV k
z aBD, kV_ \>VM[ cl
kD, MkD VVz^VV\_ D\ *
E>k\VB [D kB z\V[ V]
M[ (kk>) ]VmVzDBV s>
\VF ss|fl k V \]D
[D sV^.

k[. >B[V_, sVD V]VBV, V

FBV]VBV, kVV]VBV, VFflVE V_V
]VBV, flV]VBV ([ uD) [D
k> u cVVKD, k BVD c[ Ez
\VV, c[ fi EVBV [ kVB]_
>Vz[m. ED V_VD F
BVm; gBV_ E\Vm k> u[ Wku
\V\.

fl. \> ]B > s][

>VflE (13:3135).
V]_ V> kV ck\BD \
]uzfl V_o VV: V VflEB\Vm \M>[
|m >[ W]_ s>> |z\z Vl[m.
m smKD tD EB>Vl>VKD, kDVm
|KD ] >V, gVB][ E^ >[
km kE> \\Vm [V. [xD
k kz c> kV ck\BVkm: V
VflEB\Vm J[ \V_ \V xmD AD
]Z >uz^ \m k> AV]uz Vl
>[ ]DuV. V> kB_VD
mz ck\BVfl V[V.
ck\V[ ks>
\VF kV| Ek_: s>\VF V[ ck\_ [
kVB ][; c gDx>_ \kVF k
k|mk[ [ y>EBV_ V_m W
kDBVlu.

fl. \> ]B > s][

>VflE (8:2327).
V]_: V> k, kB
D kV VV^. Vm ], z
V_ JVzDBV s>\VF o D
AB_ cVlu. kV W]FmV>V. g
BV_ kB ^ k]_ b k :
gk! ED, >V\[V^. V>
k Vm: u skVx^k, [ B|S^
[ V_o c m, VuD D >k, \V
\ cVlu. > \M> tm: k
k! VuD, KD kz \> [V^.

J[ VV^ ]Vz[
kD 5D QVl.
V>V fl. E[ VVEBz ]B
W]om kVD (3:1217).
V>: kV_ >mV^ ^
>D, Bx^k\VF >BV\V c^>D, V>>D,

24

25

>VflEBD, kV|>D, V\BD >m

V|, kVk >V, kVkm, \uVk[ \_
xV>V_ > VmV|, gk c
\[M>mV_ D cz^ kVk \[M
mV^^. gV_ kB_VkuuzD \V c>\
>][ >\VB \ [V^. SmV>
B \V>VD c^ >B_ >V A
V^|D. >uVk ^ Z\V w
S^; >uV [B]^. SmV>B kV
BD c]_ D\VFfl QV>V| zV
km. B ^ kVkz V]m,
A] V_o, >KD, >KD, QV V|
KD kz [B> >V] c^ >
B_ VV| kV^. kV>lVVkm B
lVVkm ^ >>fl F>VKD, >B_VD gk
VB Sms[ V\]V Fm, k J\VF
>VkVB kz [B> >V]D b^.

m V|T^. g>V_ D AVD kl_

ks|^. AV]_ V[ AV Vm: x>
x> >fl m kfl zD |V
|^; Vm\BBV, [ fiEB]_ mk^
[[ [ V[V[, [V.

fl. \> ]B > s][

>VflE (13:2430).
V]_: V> { ck\BD \ mzfl
V_oVV. >Vkm: \V VflEB\Vm >[ kBo_
_ s>B s>> \M>z Vl[m. gV_ g^
W] Fl_ kB \VuV[ km Vm\ |s_
> s>ms| VV[. l km ] sVm
> V. Vm z|D>\VB aB
kl_ km: nBV cDxB kBo_ _ s>B
s>>]_BV? BVV_ >^ m cV
>[ , >uz k[: > \VuV[ F>V[ [V[.
Vm aB: V^ VF k | V c\zfl
E>\V [ V^. >uz k[: kVD, >
|zDVm kV| k Vm\BD k

J[ VV^ ]Vz[
kD 6D QVl.
V>V fl. E[ >VMBz
]B W]om kVD (1 >. 1:210).
V>: sV\_ ^ _ c^\_
QV\Vlm, c_VVD VmD kz
[B> >V]fi KmVD. M_, c^ skV
][ BBD, c^ BV>D, \ [D, \m
gkVB Sms[\K^ Dl_ c^ V
\BD DxB >VkVB k[ x[V Wm
kVD. V>, kV_ Ek, ^
>mV^k[ z >D. M_,
^ s V>D c]_ flE_ \V]D _k,
k_\lKD, ZmVmsKD, tz> D k]KD
>m. [D V^ c^ |sozDVm c^ Wt>D
l>V\[ ]S^. \KD, ^ c
zV tz> m[]_ ZmVms[ >V>V|
^ V>> uV|, D gkD
|VskV^. >V \>VMBVsKD VBV
sKx^ skVEzD \V]BV^. >BM_,
gkB kVBD c]om \>VMBVsKD
VBVsKD Dm\_V\_, k[\_ cz^
skVD ]KD _B\V]V_, >zm

30
B[. J[>D _ >]_ [. { D
{ KD g> o_ V[. Bfi F>]
g[ gmKD, ^[ gmKD, [ V]
>V_ k> gmKD, [MB V_ k> gm
KD, _ gmKD, kV>]_ cV
gmKD, x] gmKD, ^fl V>V_ k>
gmKD, BVKD, m[KD, x
saKD, E >V]KD, x ckVKD,
zKD, WkV]KD >[. A] k
\_V\_, _Vfl DuB kBVm [
]xD [m. k[ TVV_, VD TV
]_BV? k[ V_, [ \D ]_BV? V[
\[\ VV kB>VV_, [ T]uz |>k
u \[\ VV|k[. V[ VF V_K]_
B[ [[zD >V>kVB D,
DxB gkVB SmV>B >V\Vlk
kV. >\Vz ]_ >V VVs[ >k[
>\Vz \zD Vk_ km, [
V>V[. Vm V[ l k|, [o
om \]_ kaBVF s|, s>\VF k[ z
>[. \[\ VV|km >z]l_ [VKD, VV
k|\VV_, gk >D k|>_
D Vm V_oV|k[. SmsM\V
\M> V[ k[. k[ ]VK kmz x] J[VD
kV\ \|D cB>V[ ][.
m Z>VBV Z>sV z >BVm; k
z >D. \M>[ ]z V|
VV[D, k[ \M>V V>mD,
kVz V>m\V EB kVz V[D
k[. \M>u V[ \[\ VV|
k[. [ uBV [ TuB_V\_,
\uV VB>Du V[ \[\ VV \V[.
gKD V[ \[\ VV sDVKD, c\Bfl V_K

III

> Vmz x[VD

> QVl
(> Vmzx[ kD 3D QVl)
V>V fl. E[ V]Bz ]B
W]om kVD (1 V. 9:2427; 10:15).
V>: >B Vl {|k_VD
{|V^; gKD k >B> uV^V[ [
XV? D uV^>>V {|^. >B
l \_K |k^ _V VBKD flB
zV^. k^ am V xB uV^
k|\[ fl FV^. VV aBV> xB
uV^D BV|VD. gBV_ V[ {|
[, z >BV>k[ V_. V[ VV|[, gV_
gVB]_ EDD k[ V_. gV_ \ukz
> z V k >^kVF VV>z
[ Z> >m |m[. BVl_
V> ^ BV]V>[ V[ sDA>
>[V_: DxB >V^ _VD \][ a>V^.
_VD x]][ kaBVF m k>V^. _VD
\VXM]_ \]KD, x]]KD QVVfi FB
V^. _VD QV V> AE>V^.
_VD QVV> V^. BM_,
kV| fl[ QV uVlM[ ( >)

28

29

VD V^. > uVBV SmV>>V[.

lmD kz^ ]\V ]_ k[ B
s_.

V: ! V[ cz WBVBfi FBs_.
]uz [V| D\]s_BV? cz^> kV
V| V; cz V|>B El_ k> kzD
V|m [B iD. z i\V> V[ FB
VV>V? _m V[ _kVl>V_, c[ >V
l>V? [V[. s>\ EBVk^ x>_k
VD, x>_k^ EBVkVD V^. M_,
wk^ , >mV^kV
Vu.

fl. \> ]B > s][

>VflE (20:116).
V]_: V> >D z > ck\Bfl
V[V. \V VflEB\Vm >[ ]V >Vmz
kBV \mD, ]V\ kl_ A
T\Vz Vlm. k[ kBVV| V^
[z D oBV >fi Fm, k >[
]V >V]uz V[. zB J[VD \
]KD k[ kB A|VF T]l_ D\V
W[V> E |: D [ ]V >V
mz V^. WBVB\V cz o V|
[ kzfl V[V[. kD VV^. \D
k[ gVD, [>VD \lKD kB A| VF
k\ F>V[. \V ]VVD \ ]KD k[
kB A|VF, k E Wu> |: ^
VDVF V^ xkmD WuV[? [ , k^:
kD kz \>s_, [V^. k[:
D [ >Vmz V^ [V[. z Vm
VF>Vm, >Vm \V[ >[ VBVVm:
kBV |, E g^ mk, x>_ g^
kzD () o V| [V[. ]VVD\ ]_
k>kD b, kV D kVV^. Vm
x]k^ km, >V^ ]\VF uV^kV\[
l>V^. glD, kD kV D kV
V^. > kVzl_ k^ T\V[_ xl|:
El_ k> k^ \ D kF], o[
V>D, klo[ V|\BD \> V| kfl
\\V [V^. \V[ \\VaBV k_ k

QVl
(> Vmzx[ kD 2D QVl)
V>V fl. E[ V]Bz ]B
W]om kVD (2 V. 11:1933, 12:19).
V>: ^ A]\V[VlmD, A]l_V>k
>V\VFfl mV^S. k[ c
\BVVKD, k[ c sVKD, k[
>VKD, k[ >[ cB]VKD, k[ c x]
>VKD mV| kS^. > sB] V^
TVl>VuV z T\V >fl V_K
[. k[ ] \\ VV mVV, ] VD
m^kVl[ [ A]XV_ V_K[.
k^ BV, VD B[, k^ VBV,
VD VB[, k^ Vt[ >]BVV, VD
Vt[ >]BV[. k^ SmV>B aBV, VD
]BV_ k|\VV_, kKD \V (Sm
V>B aB[) k_ tfl\VD, Vk__ tz]BVD,
_ \|z tfiED, \ gm_
ck[. R>V_ [ zB Vum BV nm>D
[. J[>D DAV_ [. >D _V_

34

31

kaBVF VV[ kz s>V^. c

k[: k! >VT][ z\V, [_ \VlD
[ sV[. x] >k^ k[ V]zD k
>V^. kV: >VT][ z\V, [_ \V
lD [ ]\VF sV[. Vm V> W[,
k >Dt]_ wmk lV. k[
k>Vm, k k V: V[ cz [ FBk|
\[ , k[: gk, V[ Vk Bk|D
[V[. Vm V>: VkBkVBV; c[ s
kVD c[ E>>[ kzfl [V. \
k[ VkBm, k m]mV| k
VV[. _VD >| k >V]D
V^.

kVBV_ A]XV \V[. gVKD kD [M

]_ V>uzD, [ kaBVF >uzD \V
[ V>z fl Wm[.
VE[ \mk>V_ [ V[ cB>V>
z [ V|D F #>VB V|z [
\VDmz V|m. gBV_ m [s|
KDz xDx gk V \[V[. >uz
k \\VaBV: [ kV>\ cz VmD. M_,
T] [ k_\ \VF sz[m [V.
gBV_ Sms[ k_\ [M] kVDbD
z [ T >V\VF \[\ VV|k[.
fl. V ]B > s][
>VflE (8:415).
V]_: V\V ^ , om
s]_ ysm kk, k ck\BVfl V[>Vkm:
s>k[ k[ >[ s>B s> AV[. k[
s>Vm E s> V>BV]_ sm t]m;
gVBm k^ > EmV. E uVl[
\_ sm x>m; glD >uz ~t_V>]V VFm
Vlu. k E x^^ |s_ s>m; gV_ x^D
D, > x V. k E _ W]_
s>m; m xm, \V >>m [V.
kfl V_o: fl s^k[ kV[
c V. Vm kB ^ > ck\l[ m
[k[ k ssV^. kz k ]Du
>Vkm: kB VflEB][ EB mV^
cz m. \ukV, k^ |D
VV>kVD, |D cV>kVD zD,
k^ ck\Vfl V_|[. > ck\l[ m
>M_, s> kB kVBD. V>BV]_ s>
uk^, kVB> kVD. [A k^ skEm,

32

33

BD BV>z V km, kB >B]

M[ kVB> mV^m. uVl[ s>
uk^, kVB> zDVm, >V>V| >
kVD. glD k^ k_V>kVF, >u
Vmz skEm, V> V]_ [kV VV^.
x^^ |s_ s> um kVB> k^>V[.
glD k^ VF, kVKD nkBVKD c
kVs[ [ VKD x| [ VV]V^.
_ W]_ s> u>V, _mD c>x\V >B>V|
kVB> |, > VVu V\BV_ [
V|kVD.

(> Vmzx[ kD x>_ QVl)

V^Vm, yz WBVm, WBVB]_ >VV\_,

]B] >V|D. >D zD, >D
skEzD, >D DAD >D >VV^D.
ED VKD aBVm. y>^ a>VKD, V
m W[ VVKD, _s WJ\VVKD, ED VKD
aBVm. BM_ \m D zBVm. \m
y>xD zBVm. gV_ c>\\Vm kDVm,
zBVm uVD. V[ zw>BVlzDVm
zw>V_ E, zw>V_ cm, zw>V_ Wm
k>[. BkV[V, zw>zBk am
s[. Vm VD Vl_ \VF VVD.
Vm xx\VF VVD. Vm zBVF
[. Vm V[ BV, B
mV^k[. Vm skVD, D, >kED
DJ[D WVm. gKD k_ >kE\
Ei\Vm.

V>V fl. E[ V]Bz ]B

W]om kVD (1 V. 13:113 ).

fl. V ]B > s][

>VflE (18:3143).

V>: \M>B VD, >k#>B

V D V[ EVKD, [M] >kEt_V
sV_ {l| kD VD, [
>VD VD g[. V[ y> k> V
>VKD, _V EBD, _V _sD >kV
l>VKD, \ B> s> skV>
xBkVl>VKD, [M] >kEt_VsV_
V[ [t_. [D [ g]V]_VkuD V[
wz V\V >VKD, [ Z>fl zD
B>VKD [M]_ >kEt_VsV_, z
BVD [t_. >kE\V V\^m, >B
^m, >kED VV\Vm, m|VFfl FBVm,
VVm, \B >Vm, B> sDVm, V

V]_: V> [MkD >Dt]_ wm,

kz ]Du>Vkm: >V, D z
VVD; \\ zm y>EV_ >
BVD WkD. BM_, k AV]BVz B
| VD |kV. VV_ |kV,
m|kV. kfl VV_ > [A, k V
FkV^. J[VD VV k cl>]V [V.
kV k_ [D |s_. > fl
kz \>m. V_>D k^ m
V^s_. [A Ds>>>M_, k V
mzfl *\VF kl_, z[ V>BV]_ cVm,
fl |V>V[. zD_ m V> k[
|: >[k[ sV>V[. kVB V>

fi QVl

38
ZmsV_ kV>mz V| VV.
k Vum D, Vum K\V ckV\Vl> [A
kz EVlu. Vm V> FkV[ k
l_ km: kB >VV_ > _K^
VzD V_KD [V[. >uz k \V>V
\V: \M>[ ]V \V]\_, kB kVl
M[ A| > kVB]VKD wV[ >
m [V. Vm VVk[ k >
mz #V|VF >kVBfl E]_ k
W], k V: kB >VV_ w z]D;
M_. k cD\ zm >DxB #>z
lV[D, cDxB V>D k _o_ V>
z k^ cD\ >^ ] V^kV
[D ]lm [V[. V> >uz: c[ >kVB
>fl V]BV]VBVk[ *D ]lm
[V. VVk[ \D k |m tD cB>
k>][\_ V|VF, c VflEB^ _Vku
D, k[ \\BD kz Vm, w
sm [ gV]V_ kB_VD c\z >k
[V[. Vm V> k V: V>V,
V V: M_ c[ >kVB > gV]m, k
kB sVBV [ >m [V.
Vm V k s| [Vk, >V >k#>^
b, kz s F>V^.

> V][ 2D QVl.

V>V fl. E[ >VMBz
]B W]om kVD (11 >. 4:17
4:17)..
V>: ^ [ s>\VF m, kz

IV

> VD
s] ]V^
BVk_ y>El[ kVD (2:1219)
g>V_ Vm BVKD ADA>VKD c^ x
>B>V| DtD ]D kV^ [V gk. c^
c (\V]D) _; c^ >BD (\
>V>V_) am, c^ >kVB gkD ]DA^.
M_ k _k, x^k, V\^k, tz>
>BBk, y\*m flV>VD V^k. k k
>D E>> \Vu c^ Vk \[Mm c^ >kVB
gkz x[V_ Wk>^ FDBV
s>\VF [A >D gEB >|D: (k \>) >k[ BV?
(g>o[) BV[ *m VD m^; > ckV>
u|m^, |^. \ ]fl Bfl ]
l|^; x]BV [|m^; ^
D, V>M_ V_ m zws |^: Am
\\[ >[ | lM[D, \\^ >[ \fi>
s|D AkV^. gkB aBVB z^
(>kVB) x[\]uzD ]uzD |s_ W[
c]m: gk, V>D, c\m z \[MA
>VD; c\m >]B V]][ kz
c^Vl sV>D; k^ >k[ ? [MB D
> D FB sV>D k|kVV.

36

37

gk >D V[*m u>_V| >D ]uz

>B VV|kV. (gk >D B V [ J\VFfl
V_Kkm BV>M_: VD cz Vm\D, xD,
FD AkVD; D kV_ ]]
T^; M c V] [ W>z B
\VVD.)

> V][ x>_ QVl.

fl. \> ]B > s][

>VflE (6:1621)
V]_: V> >D zfl V[>Vkm: ^
ckV\VlzDVm ^ QVMV kV x\VF
kVD. M_, k^ ckV\Vl>V
\M>z >V[D >^ xfl V^
V^. k^ >^ DVkB m VV
[ \FBVk czfl V_K[. BV ckV\V
lzDVm c[ E> >>V_ , c[ x>D .
ckV\VF VB[ \M>z >V[V\_ >
]o c[ >Vz >V[D (fl F).
Vm >]_ V c[ >V czfl DVk
BV. V]_ cz Vfl m k
kVD. mD mD [m, ] [
t| ]|V^. gV_ V]_ c^ V
fl m k^. mD mD ]_.
] [t| ]|mt_. M_ c[
VD l>V B c[ >BxD [m.

V>V fl. E[ V]Bz ]B

W]om kVD (2 V.6:110
V.6:110)..
V>: >k kV>> ^ s>VkVF V>
c>s kBVVB V^ cz A] V_K
VD. [V_, V] V[ czfl s
V|>[; B V cz c>sBVl>[ [
V_olV. >V, V> > VD.
>V V> B][ V^. ^ c]BV>
BVD aV> kzD V^ VF V>m\[,
]KD >k aBV VzD V|
tz> V\lKD, m[KD, |KD,
KD, KD, EflVKD, KD, BV
KD, saAKD, ckVKD, uKD, _slKD,
B V>]KD, M\lKD, ZmVmsKD, VV
u ]KD, ]B kVKD, >k k_\lKD, k
]KD ]KD, ]l[ g> V]KD,
\\lKD, asKD, ] ]lKD kfi[
VKD >V>kV]VD, BV>k^
VKD BkVD VD.
[xD
>k^ VKD, >V, clVkVD,
kV VKD, V_V>kVD,
mkV VKD, VmD \flE^k
VD, >] VKD, D fl D[
VzkVD, [t_V>kV VKD,
_VD cBkVD VD.
fl. \> ]B > s][
>VflE (4:111).
V]_: V> VEV V]|k>uz

42

39

VuB > ]mD, BV\_: V[s| A

[ T|z ]DVk[ V_o, \km, m
m>V_ >\V|, V> V
m. Vm mVF, >[MKD ] V_V> k
>[V| V|km, c^ Azm
zlzD. Vm > \M>B x] ]]
lKD ] ]] ] |]BVl>[ ]Du
V. k k kMl_ Ds>>>M_,
]_ W[ ]ZBVk^ >[ >> cB], k
V: cD\fl \> c>xD xm VD
VBD uk [V^. >uz k: BVVKD
kB kVB> |, > k^
VBkV[[ ]DuV.

Bk|\[ ]_ | mV
V, B ^ m \[\KD s]k|
\[ gkVB V>]_ c \[V |
V^VD. gkVB s[ V\]V V[ cz
V|> u^ >[ ]S^. ^ flEB
EikV k|\[> kB E>D. g>V_
^ V\>z s, c_ kVkD >[ V]
> >\VD, BVB\VD VVuV^D,
k BV> AV]BVV fll[ Vmz
cV]D m V^kVV. \KD > VB]_
kD >[ V>z k>D V\KD, kfi
FBV\KD VV. M_, VD x[\ czfl
]B\V s>B k_VkuuzD gk
akVzkV. k[ D\ >m_, flEBEi
>m w]V.

> V][ 4D QVl.

V>V fl. E[ V]Bz ]B
W]om kVD (4:2231
4:2231
4:2231)..
V>: Vxz | z\V >V[
]lm. k[ \BVk]_ >k[, k[
BVyx^k]_ >k[. \BVk]_ >k[
\VD][ >V[; BVyx^k]_ >k[ kVz
>>][ >V[. k^ |k\Vfl V_
[. M_ s| ]ZD | uV|
VD. [ VF \l_ cV, \>]_ A]
cu]BVzm. m gV [kV\. M_ VF [m
B >][ \. m Vm mD, >[ \V|
\>mz^Vlm\VB xz
m. c[>]o \VB \uV]BV

fl. \> ]B > s][

>VflE (17:19).
V]_: V> VBD, BVD, k
V>VB D wmV| { cB>
\l[\_ k V>\VF V|VF,
kz x[V \\VV. kB xD B
V_ mm. kB k]^ MBV_ k\
BVl. [D, >V \VXD, oBV`D kV|
kV kz VV^. Vm VB
V> V: kVt, VD lm _m. >kZzfl
E>\VV_, c\z VxD, \VXz
VxD, oBV`z Vx\V J[ V
V\Vk[V. k [D EVl_,
>V Vx^ \D kz Wwo \]M[
>V, zVo cV: DxB z\V[ k,

40

41

k_ VD B\VlVD. kzfl s
V|^ [ ]>m. > |fl ^ xzA
sm, tD B>V^. Vm V> km,
k >V|: ]^, BV>^ [V.
kV >^ |m V>Vm, V>
k >s kVk Vs_. k^ \l
om zl_, V> k V: \\[ \
>VM[ cl>]zDkl_, ^ > VEB
kzD V_V>^ [ lV.

kB VD kDl[ A]\_ k[m.

gBV_ kV czfl D>D k
VD. >uzx[ ^ Vly^. V>V >
z^ BVlS^. l[ A]V mV^^.
l[ MBV s> [\>]KD, ]lKD, ]B]KD
szm.

V]_: V> \BVl> V

m]V. V m] \B[ EV[; ^
>u gflBV^. Vm k_ E: k[
F[ >BVB B_V_ F mmV[
[V^. k E kfl V]>>V kV]M[
{ ]B> k]_ V^. gV_ kB
W k \V]]_ k Vfl V[
>Vkm: >z>V sV>\VF > > VflEBxD
VwVFVD: T|D T[\_ sD. gBV_ V>VD
>z>V sV>\VF mVV_, >[ VflEBD
WWu>? l V[ B_V_ F
{|[ [S, V[ B_V_ F
{V_, c^ \^ BVV| k {|V^?
gBV_ k cz |kVlV^. gV_ V[
kB soV F {|BV_ k
B VflEBD \FBVk c]_ k]m.
g>\> Vo >[ \VB VVm, k[
c\_VD ]\Vl[. gV_ kMKD ]
kV[ k[ |]l_ km, k l>V_, k[ D
l> g>B_VD mV|, k[ V^
VD |kV[. [V| V>k[ z sV]BVF
V[; [V| mV^V>k[ E>V[. >
\M> s| A|DVm, k _

> V][ 3D QVl.

V>V fl. E[ EBz ]B
5:19
W]om kVD (5:19
5:19)..
V>: ^ tD B\V ^ V,
k [ukVlm, mV> \V
>D\fl kz \ kV^ VBVD,
oBVD AV|m, D\fl E>mV D
E]_ m kTV. \KD flEkz
BVB\V s> kE>xD, >xD, VVD
gB k[ x>VF cz^ V_Vm.
[xD k>xD, JflD, BVxD c^
kVl_ kV]>V. k_VD DxB wAz
V>k^. gV_ [B> >V] k\ >zD. M_
s> sVVD, >D, sz aBVB
VVVD, mV>BD, kBD
VflEB] z >]D B\VV[ m cm
V^^. T kV>V_ kD c \B
VV]^. M_ k[ Wt>\

fl. V ]B > s][

>VflE (11:1428).

46

43

|mk. kB ^ c^ >FkD [S^. glD

^ k Bs_; VV k ][. V[
k B[ [V_, cV VD VFB
Vl[. k V[ m, kB kVB>
[. c^ >VkVB VD [B V Vk|
\[ gkV| gE>V; (>) | >V [V.
Vm R>^ k V: cz [D nDm kB]_
B: V\ VBV [V^. V> k
V: VD cVk>uz x[\ V[ [ [
\FBVk \FBVk czfl V_K[ [V.
Vm k^ k\_ D _K |>V^.
V>V \m, >kVB]M[ kB VV.

BVyx^k^. k^>V[ DxB >VF. >u>V[:

^ V> \B, \flEBVl; sV>k,
g> Vm g; M_ A^k
VKD skz A] [ ]
l[m. V>, VD ~VV_ kVz>>][
A]VlVD. gKD \VD][ >k[ Zms[
>k Vm m[|]VV, VmD
B gm. gKD k>D >ufl V_K>[?
\BD k^ z\VD m]s|. M_ \l[
A][ BVyx^kB A]V >]kVBVF
V[ V_Km. g>V_ V>, VD \BV
kz ^VlV\_, BVyx^k ^V
lVD. >fl BVy]uz mV> D\ s|s>V.

]V|[ 2D QVl
(zm { \]zDVm)
fl. \> ]B > s][
>VflE (21:19).
V]_: xzfl *\VF km ok
[D \B V [D _ >Vm,
V> | , kz ]Du
>Vkm: cz ]V V\mz V^; c
>D, >V| zD
V^. k sm [MD V| kV
^. BVVkm cz >D V[V_, k^ g
kz >kB[ V_K^. c k V
s|kV[ [V. >_VD y>EBV_ kM kVBD
WkD Ds>m. k kM>>Vkm: >V c[ [
V>x^kVF >l[ *mD, V]t zBVB >[
\l[ *mD V| c[M]_ kV[, BV[
z\V]z V_K^ [>VD. g>V_ ^ VF,

fl. ]B > s][

>VflE (6:115).
V]_: V> ]BV VB oBV
o[ z VV. ]V D sBV]k
]_ k F>B uA> ]V, k
[[V^. gBV_ V> \l[\_ ,
s]_ >DxB V| cV>V. Vm
R>B VVB VV *]>m. l
V> >DxB |m, tz]BV zD_
>Dt]_ k]> |, o[k V: k^
V|D lm kVzkVD [V. >VD
FBV> ]mD, kfl V]zD fl
V[V. oA kz \\VaBV: k_ kV
kD Vfi VfiD |mVVKD, m
D kz V>V> [V. Vm kB
_ kD, \V[ VBB V>\VB
k] k V: BMV[; kM]_
nm kVuVmD D | *[D [.

44

45

gVKD k^ > z D\V]D [V.

V> ]B\fl F^ [V. s]_ A_
tz]BVl>m. B ]B\> g^ \V nBVlD
Vl>V^. Vm V> |m,
[B> >V]fi V[[, ]B\>kz
\VV. k\ *[KD kz kB\|D
V|>V. k^ ]]B> [A, k >DxB
V: *]BV m|^ >\VV>z kfl m
k^ [V. B k^ m, nm kVuVmD
Vkz *]BV m|V_ [M|
WV^. V> F> uA>> > \M>^
|: \FBVk c]_ kkB y>E k>V[
[V^.
gBV_ k^ >D\ VVkVzD
k>\VF >D\ kVV[ V> m,
\D >MB \l[\_ , s VV.

>D\>V\ kz AV|> mV>B

>D kkV ]\VF DxB \flVEfl >
BM[ ]zD! (V_) wk^
kVz>>D W]B >]> D gkVB
m s_ uV^D V| x] c[
l[ V] > \ zD >VD >
\>V_ A]B c[l[ \]B>VF V.

]V|[ x>_ QVl.

V>V fl. E[ Bz ]B
W]om kVD (9:1115
9:1115
9:1115)..
V>: mV>VkM_ kV [\[
>V zkV>V[, (wB V>V_)
EiVB kBVlV>mD, sVxD, c[>x\V
V][ kaBVF, k^V| VF^, [z^
k[ >>V_, >\m V> >>V >
>mz^ kEm, W]B B> \z s>V.
k^V| VF^, V^ k[ >xD, y|
k[\_ >| Vl[ VDKD, \VD
>> , kfl >|m\VV_, VD k>
fl szDz ZmVmsV_ \VE_V> oBV

fl. ]B > s][

>VflE (8:4659).
V]_: V> R> ]uzfl V[>Vkm:
[M]_ VkD c[ c_ k[ [ zu
|>|D? V[ czfl ]B>fl V_ol, ^ [
[ skE]_? kV_ cVk[ k
B kVBzfl s V|V[. ^ kV_
cVV>kVBV_, s VV]S^ [V.
Vm R>^ kz ]>V\V: \VB[D,
F>k[D, V^ V_Km B_kV [V^.
>uz V> \\VaBV: V[ F>k_: V[ [
>Vkfl [. V [fl X |]^.
glD V[ z \\B >|]_; > >|kD
WBVB yk\VB k V. BV>Vk[ [
kV>B VV_, [[zD Vk V
]_ [ \FBVk \FBVk czfl V_K[
[V. Vm R>^ k V: F >k[
[ Vm mVVD. VxD y>ED
\>V^. BV: BV>Vk[ [ kV>B VV_,
[[zD \fl k VV[ [VB. ^ >VkVB
VtKD BkV? k \>V; y>ED
\>V; c[ kVzVF [V^.
V> kz ]>V\V: V [ \\
|]V_, [ \\ [t_. [ >Vk [ \\

50

47

]_BV? [ V[. V>V \\Vl>V.

*D B z k V: >k>VB Sm>VV
k[ zfl V_KD, BfisB [_ c[
gl| [ [V[. >uz V>: (c^)
V[. _V\KD \\[ k_\^ kB
kmV]_ Tu >D, kV\[\_ kk>D,
D V[ czfl V_K[ [V.
Vm B z >[ k] amV|: k[
>k#fi V[V[. [D \zfl VE^ kB
>[? >V! >k #> Vm .
cz >V[>[? [V[. kV \\VaBV:
k[ Vz V]kVVlV[ [V^.
Vm, kB x]_ m, k zV^.
k E k []_ m: Smk, c[
>k[ BV[ z y>\V V_[V^.
l VB, kB \ xu]_ cV
]>V. Vm sV ] k km: D
oBVB kV| >VF [V^. kV _Vz
x[V \>om: V_K> B[ [V. [D k
kV m kB Vl_, kV sV
k| >k V: kD kVB
kV| >V[ [V^. *D k: > \M>
B[ gl| \>o>V. \KD u mz [,
W[k^ VB Vm: \FBV
k D k_ k[>V[, c[ flD c[ k
|mm [V^. Vm, k: D\M> >V[
Bs_B[ D, gl >VV.
\ k_ V>m. Vm: k_ V
zx[, xDx [ \>oVB[, V> ]D
u kV>B VB WmV|, kl_ A
|VF mB\VF >V.
sBuV\VVm >V gVBD, ][
JD, V> V|mD, kz sV>\V

V> >z lB Fm, >BD

zB V|km, k^\_ >^ k]
sm, \ k cVflF>V^. Vm ]V
^ >^ k] kal_ s>V^. k E
\ m kal V^. _V\KD kz
x[D [\V mk> ]V ^: >VT][ z\Vz
{V[V! kB V\]V_ kk gk]
k! [ s gmV| VV^.

(l_)
V>V fl. E[ oBz ]B
W]om kVD (2:511
2:511
2:511)..
V>: m sM]_ cVl> E>
c]KD cVlkm. k >k\Vl
l_ >VD kzfl \V\Vl> ][
V\_, >D\>V\ k\BV, \l[ \|m,
\M> VBV, \\V VV. >D\>V\ >V],
\ \|zD >Vkm EKk \\|zD >K^k
VV. >Mt>D kD k cB], _V V\mzD
\V V\> kz m, s[ V\]uz
\>VD, \>VD, V>V>V\VB D xw
>VlD, gkVB mV> >VkVB k
B \\l_ TuV[ _V VD lD
V.
. \> ]B D gkVB
ms[ V|^ (26:3675, 27:160).
V]_: V> >D V| \M
Vkmz km, >DxB V, V[

48

49

VF Db\D, ^ cV]^
[ V_o, VBD, >s[ z\V kD
wmV|VF, mBD gBVD >VV.
\KD kVm: [Vm\D \\|D m\V
lm. ^ >, [V| sa]^ [V.
z k u V_VF, xzA sm: [ >Vk!
|\V_ > V]D [s| km. gKD [
\][B_. cDxB E>][B g|\[ V_o
kVV. [D k >DxB ]uz
km, k^ W] F>|, VB V:
\ D [V| sa] cV V\u
VluV? ^ V>zV>z sa]m, fi
F^. \\Vm kx^m>V[. \VD\V mx^m
[V. k \D Vx VF: [ >Vk! >
V]> V[ cVVVaB m [V
V>V_, c\m E>][B gk>[ V_o k
VV. [A k ]Dk>Vm, k^ W]
F> V. M_ kB ^ #\B
V>. g>V_, k s| k \D VF,
> kVB>>V V_o J[VxD k
VV. [D, k >DxB ]_ km, k
V: ^ Vm W]Fm V^. >V
D |][m. \\[ Vsz B
VV. ]^, VkV\V; >V [ V
V|k[ k]V[ [V.

tV[. V> k V: E>, mV k]

VF? [V. Vm k^ V>\_
, k >V^. Vm V>V>k
_ k[ >[ B> cs, B zs[ a
B >V, k[ V> kV[. Vm, V>
k V: c[ B> >M]_ V|. M_
B> |k_VD B>V \kV^. V[
[ >Vk \[VV>[D, k [M|
]\V >k#> \ [M]_ \VV
[D WVBV? BVV_ s>\VFfl Ds
k|\[ k>kVB^ WkD [
]DuV.

k [D EVl, >V [M
k_ kVB R>VD, kV| >V gVBVKD
][ JVKD ]V D ]
D >D |mV| k>V^. k V
V|>kV, kz V|]> BV\Vkm:
V[ kx>fiFkV, k[>V[. k m
V^[ V_ol>V[. gBV_, c k[
V>]_ km: zk! kVk[ V_o k x>

]_ V> > V: ^ ]
V|D, >V|D [ ^V A
|ky^. V^>V >kVB] V]mV|
c^ |s_ cV]>. Vm ^ [
s_B. >_VD y>EV_ >k^
WkD Ds>m [V. Vm _VD
ks| {VV^.
gV_ V> >k^, k B zkVB
VsM]uz V| VV^. s]_
k>VD JD km l>V^. VBVk[V_
#]_ k [[, Bzs[ \ xuD
kzD km, c^ kEm, xk VbD aB
V| cV>V. gV_ >V gVBD, >V
kD V> V|mD kz sV>\VF
VFVE >V>V^. VFVE^ k
]mD kz s_. El_ | VFfl
VE^ km: k[ kB gB> D, J[
Vz^ > \ D [VVz\[ V[V[
[V^. Vm B z m, k V: cz
sV>\VF k^ V_K VEz ]V[fi V_K

54

51

kzD \\zD>VxVlu. zB
[>VD \ ]_ V> c> >\VF, o! o! V\V
>VM! >Vkm: [ kV, [ kV [
>m >[ V. Vm W[k
_ E > |: k[ oBV[k |V[
[ V_, c k_ k[ {VF, uVV
|m, > Vl_ WB >VFm, Vo[\u,
kz z V|>V[. \ukV: V, oBV km,
k EVV, VVD [V^. V> \D
\V >>V| | clsV.

gV Fm, k , V|VF, >V]]

BVB Vfi VmsM]_ As>V^. Vm
k VV|> R>V, k Vz yklV
[ |, \>V>V_ k|, > xm k^
V >V gVB]uzD J]uzD
]D V|km: zut_V> >> VV|m
Vk>fl F>[ [V[. >uz k^: m [?
B VmV^ [V^. Vm, k[ > k^
V >kVB]_ m s|, V_ VF V[
VV[. >V gVB^ > k^ V |m:
k > B\V>V_ k V l_ V
VVm [ V_o, gVFm, WB A>>uz
kV| { zBkB W> kVV^.
>Mt>D > W\Vm _>\V, >Vkm, > WD [
V^kzD w|m. Vm, tBV y
>EBV_ kMm Wku. >Vkm: VB_ A]
]_ sE \]kB B\VB xm k^
V |m, gk z W>B k
zBkB Wmz V|>V^ [>VD.

(u D xwVooD)
Vm, >V >kVB][ ]fl \ mk
w\|D VF amV, tD ], _\D
mV, _D ]| \> flEBEi
kB ZD cl>. \KD kB c>V
mz z, k^ _M[ A| > ]_
km, z >BVV^. [D, #BD k
V| V> VmV>kD tB]flE
BD, Ds> \ukD \V]]_, tD Bm:
\FBVk k >k >Vl>V [V^. \KD oBV
som V> [[, kz s Fm
V|k> ]Z^ #]_ W[V>V^.
kz^ \B\>D\VD, BVzD BV
AzD >VBV \BD\VD, >s[ z\VB >VD
>V^.
VBV\VVm, \]BV VD, nkBkV
\VB BV[D B^ { \[ k>V. kD
V>zfl Vl>k. k VmsM]_ VF, V>
B Z> V. Vm Z> V|zD
Vm lV[. g>V_ BV[k >fl Z
> |m, > #B k]V_ u, >V[ uVl

Vm V> >V]]l[ x[V W[V.

>V]] k Vm: R>B VVkVlVBV?
[ V[. >uz V>: c^B V_KS
[V. [D, >V gVBD JD k_ zufi
V|l_, k \\VaBV[D V_s_. Vm
Vm kV: cz sV>\VF D\V]D zufi
V|V[ ]_BV? [V[. kV
kV>zD kz \\Va V[k_. >V_ >V]]
tD gflBV[. l, V
z i\V { szV kz s|>BV
zkm >V]]z kw\Vl>m. Vm Vv[
V szV[ k[ k[ k]o>V[.
gBV_, Vm k [VF: cz k V[
s|>BV sDAS^, VvBV, Sm [|

52

53

kBV? [V[. M_ VV\lV_ k

B>V[ ]>V[. [D, k[ >[ WBVBV
]_ cV]l_, kB \s kM]uz
g: c\zD > ]\VzD BV>V[D gV]
km. M_ ku [ V] kz V|
[ V_Ks>V^. l, >V gVBD
JD Vv D, V> V_KsD
V^. >V]] ]DD Vm:
sk_ k cz s|>BV k|\[ ,
k^ Vv [V^. >uz Vm: BVV_, S
>[| k [ Fk[? [V[. k[ EKkl
Bk|D [ _VD V[V^. Vm
>V]]: k[ [ V_VA F>V[? [ , k^
]\VF s: k[ EKkl B|kVV [V^.
gBV_ Vm: D ]\V>B[ BVD [
t_B[ |, > ^, z x[V
s: > ]\VB >][\_ V[
zut_V> kVl[. Vm V^^
[V[. >uzfl \> xD \\VaBV: kB >D
^KD, ^ \^KD |D [V^.
Vm k[ Vv kz s|>BV, V>fl
VV_ mfl EKkl_ Dz kz
B>V[.
Vm ]]lB k^ V> \
xu]uz V|VF, k B_VD k
]_ kflFm, kB k] wu, { EkAfl
V_kB k\_ V]V^. x^V_ { xBD
[M, kB EE[\_ km, { J_ >BD
kB km l_ V|>V^. [D, k x[V xw
V_l|: R>B VVk kVk[ k VD
, k\_ m, > J_ >BD kV, kfl
EE_ >V^. B k^ kVD
uV|, V_kB k]M[ |ms|, kB k]

kz c|]; kfl EKkl_ D

V| VV^.
s>\ k^ kl_ A| Vl_,
VVB \V[D B^ { \M> |,
kB EKkBfl \zD k k>fi F>V^.
[D V >\[ >x^ V_V>Vk[D
mz km >V^. Vm kz fl > ]V
> z V|>V^. kV >fl kV>[,
> zV\_ s|sV. kfl EKkl_ > [A,
k^ | V| kB k] >z^
mVV^. s>\VF: [ k]D >
z^ V^. [ l[ KD | VV
[, y>EBV_ V_ kVBD Wku, [A
k^ cVm k VmV>V^. [D,
k[ R>B VVkB [>VF kB y[
WBVB> ], kB Ez\Vk>V^.
Vm kV| | ^^, km ]_
kD, m ]_ k\Vfl EKkl_ B
V^. l, kaBVF Vk^ k #
m, >^ > m: g! kB gB>
m, J[ Vz^ > ]D |k! c[
>V EmV^: kB >VV_, EKkl
M[ kV [V^. s>\ >V gVBD, k>V
D JV| VD: k[ \uk E
>V[; >[>V EmV^ kV_ s_; k[
VBo[ VVkVV_, V> EKklM[
|D, Vm k skEVD. k D
V; kz B\VV_ V> k E|D.
[V_, V[ kB z\V[ V[V
[V^. kV| EKk_ B> ^
D B k amV>V^.
_V\KD, (_) gVD \ x>_ [>VD \ D

58

55

fl. \Vuz ]B D gkVB

Sms[ ]V|^. (14:3272; 15:146).

kl> A]>V _l_ > fiFm, _

kVo { _ Akm VV.

V]_: D kB D \M
B[D >Vmz k>V^. Vm k >DxB
Vm: V[ D b\D, ^ cV
]^ [ V_o, VBD, BVD,
D >D\V| wmV|VF, BD, oBD
>VV. Vm k: [ gm\\Vm \\|D
m\Vlm. ^ >, sa]^ [ k
]_ V[V. >[[ u V_VF >l_ x
zAsm, |\VV_ > k >D\s| k|
\[ V]m: V, >Vk! cD\V_ _V|D. >
V]> [M]M[ uBD; glD [ \][
B_, cDxB \][B g|D [V. [D k km,
k^ W] F>|, VB V: \V,
W] FVBV? \D sa] c[V_ V\_
VluV? V>zV>zsa]m, fi
F^. \\Vm kx^m>V[; \VD\V Tx^m
[V. \D k VF, > kVB>B V_o
kVV. [D k ]Dkm, \D k^
W] FB V. M_ kB ^ kV
l>; kz [ ]_ V_Kk>[D k^ BV]
>V^. k J[VxD km kz ]Du
>Vkm: Vm W] Fm V^; VmD, D
kmsm, >V, \\[ Vsz B
VV. ]^, VkV\V, >V, [ V
V|k[ *\VlV[ [V. k [D E
Vl_ [Mk_ kVB R>V BVm
k>V[; kV| >V gVBVKD, k>V
VKD, JVKD ]V ^ ]D
>D |mV| k>V^. k VV|
>k[: V[ k x>fi FkV, k[>V[; km

-([ 2km, 3km WkuV_ s>

kVED)
fl. \> ]B > s][
>VflE (27:4552).
V>fl EKkl> z, gVD \ x>_
[>VD \ DkzD \\zD >VxV
lu. zB [>VD \ ]_ V> c> >
\VF, o! o! V\V >VM! >Vkm: [ kV, [ kV
[ >m >[ V. Vm
W[k_ E > |: k[ oBV[k |
V[ [ V_, c k_ k[ {VF, u
VV |m, > Vl_ WB >VFm, Vo[
\u, kz z V|>V[. \ukV: V,
oBV km, k EVV, VVD [V^.
V> \D \V >>V| | clsV.
(u D xwVooD)
Vm, >V >kVB][ ]fl \ mk
w\|D VF amV, tD ], _\D
mV, _D ]| \> flEBEi
kB ZD cl>.

56

57

B ]^

m>V^. > T|D > kVBV_ WDu. Vm

kB _ kD k VV|V
k\VB R>V VBVm V[>Vkm: > >>
x k^Vz su, wz VV\_ V>[
[V[. gV_ k[ w^\_ k| fl V[
k[ _; ]D B k]m, ] V
> V|kk\VF >lV fl
V[V[. >uz V> ]Du>Vkm: [ ][
V[ > kmV^D k s|s|^.
M_ w^ VmD cV| V^; VV
VmD cV| ]_ [V. Vm V>
s]_ V[ R>_ ]V ^ m,
ku \V]\_, k \>Vom cl> V
D VzDBV k>V^.

BV y>El[ g\]om kVD (50:510).

V_ BV B>Vkm: [ gkVB >k[
[ s> ]>V. VV kz ]BVF [fi
V[]_, [MBt_. [ V||mkz
[ >> B>[; [ >VB Fkz [
>VB V[; W> kVzD, V ctkVzD
[ x> ]M_. [ gkVB >k[ [
V; g>o[ BV[ V^s_; c]BV
_V_ [ x> >kz V[; M_,
>V_ V[ k\V\B >D. z ] Km
k [ *]l_, z sV>\VF k[ BV?
]B] x[m VkVD; [ kV] BV? k[
b|D. [ gkVB >k[ [ >uVV;
Vm [ zukVB ykl|k[ BV? wB k]
^ flEV_ akm V, AV_ k^ E|
kV^. c_ k[ gkz B|[V[? kB
>Vz VmV|V[? V[ V_KD A]BVkm: V
VVm _ cVkkV k[ gk V\][*m
DV| >[ >k[B V]kV[.
fl. ]B > s][
>VflE (12:19).
VV z gVzx[, V> >VD
\]M[ cl> VV > >VMBVz k>V.
kz s_ sm F>V^. \V>D\V^ s
FmV>V^. VVVk[V_ kV| ]B\>k
_ kVl>V[. Vm \BD\V^ sBu
> Vtfl>]_ V>_ > V|km, >
V>B V>_ E, >[ >V_ kB V>

B kVF
tBV y>El[ g\]om kVD (11:1820).
V_ tBV B>Vkm: gk! z
kB_VD s>]V V[ mV[; k
B mflFD z Vs. V[ o
[ V|V|fi VmkV D\ Akzfl
\V\Vl[; k^ z sV>\VFfl ]BVfl
Fm, kB ]_ EVF VB V| sB
VM[ k[ _ QVD _V]>>VF V^
kfl ms|kVD [V^. VV > BV
]>[. [ >Vk! V ]BV| |yk;
\][ >D >B][ fi V]
k; >kZ k akVzk> V[ Vk|D; [
>kVB gk! m sBkV> c\z >|]
s[.

62

59

WBVBVl[ xumz V|VF, k

x\D kDFm, { EkV Vk
BD kz c|], { x^xBD [M, kzfl :
R>B VVk! kVk[ kz gVD
mkV^. [D J_ >BV_ kfl EE>V^;
k\_ mV^, xw>Vl|D k \ >V^.
k gBfi F>[A, EkA VkB wu,
kB k] kz c|], EKkl_ D
z kB V| VV^.
Vm
V>, A [kz >D, E V
\VB \V[ k[ V\]om km,
kaBVF Vl_, kB EKkBfl \zD k
VBD V^.

]\VF V|V^ [ kz BV
V|]>V[. g>V_ k[ k>, k b: zk
kVk[ k x>tV[. kV k\_
V| k >V^. Vm kfl m W[k
_ k, kV cs>V gVBB aB

>V, k[ V>kV. V>V k V: ^

]D, >D |mV|, ]
kmV_, [ kyV? V^>VD >kV
B]_ V]mV|, c^ |so>, Vm ^
[ s_B; gVKD k> kVB^ Wk
kB>Vlm [V. Vm kB
_VD ks|, {VV^. Vm kV[
kD cD[\_ mB V]V| k
VV[; kD >V^. kV, mB
ms|, Wk]\VF k]M[ > {V
V[.

\KD V >\[ >V^D V_V>V

| ]uz k V|VF, k^
VD > ]V > kz z V|>V^.
> k u V^s_. [D k^ kfl
EKkl_ m, kB k] |, kk[
>> |mV^k>[ k[\_ | VV
^. kfl EKkl_ >Vm J[VD \ \VF
>m. kB y[ ]\V: R>B VV
[ >_ ] k>m. [D kB km
]_ kD, m ]_ k\V | ^
kV|fl EKk_ >V^.
tV|
V[ k> kVBD s>\VF Wku.
kaBVF VkD k #m, >^ >
m: g! g! kB gB> m J[
Vz^ ]D |k, EKklM[ , c[
B EmV^ [V^. >[\B >V gV
BD k VD, k>VV| k[
k Vm: k[ \uk E>V[; >[
>V[ EmV^ kV_ s_. VD | skEzD
V|, VBKz VVkVB Sm Vm EKkl

V> k^ BzsM]_ V|
VV^. gVBD k>VD JD
k]>V^. VBVkM_, #]_ k [
[, B zs[ \ xumz^ km,
sVV| l_ cVm, zVFm
V>V. Vm gVBD, gVfl >V
kD V> \mz c|mD kz
sV>\VflVE >V^. gKD s_. M_
kz sV>\VF VFflVE V_oD, >fl
VE^ [V[ kV]>. [D E m, k
z sV>\VF VFflVE V_o: kBVB >
>kVB> V[ mV|, kB_V> kV[
J[ Vz^ |k[, k V[> V^
VD [V^. kB VED kV]>m.
Vm Bz |s_ m, V> V:
k^ cz sV>\VFfl V_K>uz ]_\Va [D
V_K]_BV [ V[. kV ]_\Vafi

60

61

V_V\_ \\VF >V. \D Bz k

sVs: m] kB z\VVB Sm
>VV [ : V> k V: k V[>V[.
_V\KD \\[ kB k_ km V]
Tu>D kV \[\_ kk>D V^
[V. Vm Bz >[B k] am
V|: [D \zfl VE^ kB>[? >k
#> , cz >V[>[ [V[.
k^ _VD k \mzB zukVB[
y\VM>V^.

VmsM]_ AV|>V^. Vm Vm k
V: R>B VVkV [ sVsV[. >uz k
\\VaBV: (c^B) V_KS [V. >V gV
B^ k\_ sB_ zufiVV
>V^. Vm Vm \D k V: V, c[
\_ >BV sB_ zufiV|V^; BV>V
\\VaD V_K]_BV [ V[. V>
>uzD BV>V \\VaD V_V]>V. >V_ Vm
gflBV[.

Vm E k\_ mD, k x> J, k

zD, y>fiV_[ k]_ V_D
>VV^. sVD k []_
>V^. >]_ VB w \ xu]o
l_, B zs[ aBV_ ] km, z
VFmV> VB |, k cu Vm:
D kVB kV| >VF [V^. kV \>om:
V[ B[; [ V_KVB[ z >BVm
[V. [D k \ xumz x[V kl_
Ak, k_ su. \D sV k|:
k[ k_ k[ u W[kzfl V_
>VV^. kV \D \>o>V. *D u
mz[ W[k^ VB V: \F
BVk D k_ k[; M_ oB[ [V^.
gV_ k: ^ V_K > \M> B[
D, glD >VV. c k_ \D
su. Vm: k_ x x[, [ xD
x \>oVF [ V> >zfl V[ kV>B
VB WmV|, w mkV.
[A sBuV\V >V gVB^ J
V|D, k>VV|D, gV >VkV|D
gVFm, V> V|VF,

l, >VD s_ k_
k ^ VV, k kz s|>
Fkm kz kw\Vl>m. Vm { V]_
V F>kD, VVV| s>k
\VB Vv[ kM>V[. ^ (VmsM
]_) km k[ >z VmD Fmk>mV_
FBk|\[ \[V >VV^. Vm k
z \\VaBV: V[ R>B VVk cz
s|> FB sDASV [ V[. M_
VV\lV >V gVB^ k B>V
[ ]>V[. gV_ k[ VvB >z s|
>BVk|\[ ^ |V^D >V
gVB^ k ssV^. gBV_ Vm \D
k V: BVV_, R>B VVz V[
[ FB sDAS^ [ V[. >uz k^: k
fl EKkl \[ \D >t|fl V[V^.
gV_ k[ [ ][\ F>V[ Vm k]_
, kV: kfl EKkl \[ ]\VF
zoV^. gBV_ Vm B|>
sD, Vv kz s|> Fm, V>fl V
V_ mfl EKkl_ Dz kz
B>V[.
Vm Vflk k >V ]Vl[

66

63

(y _ gk Ak;) M_, k mB>fl

F>_; kB Vs_ >D smt_.
gk k ] k>lV] k Vfl
E>\Vl; Vk]uV kB cl BVF k>V
VlD, k >] m kVw V; gkB E>D
kB BVB D. >D gm\V k>
>VB B k | ]]Bk; M_, ]Bk>
VB D >V, >D V>>V_ >VBV
>V>Vzk;
kB
\>
>V\
\mV^k. k >D gm\Vk \]uz B
>VKD, VVF ]VKD, k B
Vkfl \>]VKD, VsV kVV.

M[ |D [V^. kV|fl EKk_ B

kD k W]mV>V^. gVD \
x>_ [>VD \ D kzD \\zD >VD
cVlu. \KD [>VD \ ]_ V> tz>
>\VF: Vl, Vl, D\V >VM [ V.
>uz [ kV, [ kV, [ [ y
[>\VD. Vm w W[k_ E >|:
>V, oBVv |V[ [V^. k[ {VF,
uVV Vl_ WB >VFm, > Vo_ \V
kz z V|m: V^, k s
oBV kkVV, VVD [V[. V> VoBVF
| clsV.

fl. V ]B D gkVB
Sms[ ]V|^. (22:3971; 23:153).
V]_: kB A| >DxB kw][
B ok \z VV. D k [[
VV^. k s]_ >Vm k V: ^
V>zV>z Db^ [ V_o, >VD
k]M[ _#D mVF,xw>Vl|
kV>Vkm: >Vk >kZzfl E>\VV_ >
V]D [s| BD; gKD [ \][
B_, cDxB \][B g|D [V. Vm
V]M[ >k#>[ kz >V[, k
>uV. kV k>BV, kzD mV
l_, kB kk > mV W]_
s>m. uV| k ]M[ m, >DxB
]_ km, k^ m]V W] F>
|, k V: ^ W] FkV[? ]m,
V>zV>z fi F^ [V.
k [D EVl_, >V
>V[m. [D [Mk_ kVB R>V [k[

(u D xwVooD)
Vm >kVB][ ]fl \_mk
kzD VF a>m. [D kz ] W[
#B[ k | cls> |: >
\M>[ \FBVk kB z\V[>V[ [V[.
Vm ]Z^ #]M[ VmV
>V^. kz^ \B \>D\VD, E[ BVzD,
BVAzD >VBV \BD\VD, V\BD\VD
>V^. k^ k oBV VozDVm k
[[, kz aBfi Fmk>k^. [D k[
xz k> k ]ZD kV|
>V^.
({FVz x]V^ gB> VVl>lV)
VBV\VVm, cBz gVVD, k
B VflEBmz ]V]>k\VB \]BV
BV[k km, VmsM]_ mmVF,
V>B Z> V. k > ]_
\]VVk[ Vm gflB|, #B
kkwm, k > ]_ \>VVk[ k

64

65

V[. #B[ kaBV > mV[, Z>

BV[kz V|>V[. BV[k { k
fl B sz kV, kfl (EKklom) ,
kfl BV_ u uVl_ k> _
l_ k km, _ kVo_ { _ A
k>V.

B W|, gkVB k[ \zfl F>

_VkuuVD, gkz m] V|k[.

B A>[
BV y>El[ g\]om
kVD (62:11; 63:17).
gkVB k[ V_Kk>Vkm: >V c[
k[V, >V kV| kB kz\]D k[
[ EBV[ A]z s^ [>VD. >VtomD,
VVsM[D >VF> k]V| k k
BV? >D > gB>VF k_ V\m[ m
k k BV? (V^; >uk:) ] kD
B]uVFfl \ FkV\VB VD>VD [V. c\m
W\Vk>[? c\m g^ ]V g t]V
k]DV_ >[? ( \ sk, k:) ]V
gBfl _ kD z c>sz kV\o,
>M\BVk t]>[; [ VV]_ k t]>[;
m E]_ k VV_ mk>[; kB z],
[ k]^\_ > [ c^ _VD .
al[ VD [ B][ VxD k>k >
B]_ [. [fl uKD V[ V, c>sAkV[
kD s_; V[ >D c>s s_;
BV m ABD [ E>m, [ E\ [
>V W[m. [ VV]_ VV_ t]m [
flo_ k^ >]B k kfl Fm
k^ k_> >l_ T][ ([V.) gkB

BV y>El[ g\]om kVD (53:112).

V_ BV B>Vkm: V^ V_k]_
skV Vk[ BV? gkB AD gB k
BVz k|>? (kz Vu\VkVzD;)
M_, gk x[ k E VKD, k W]B
k xVK DAk; k zm D; kz
wzt_, Vxt_, k V>V_ Vkz
Ws_BV>o[ k V^ F>VD.
(ks>\VF l,) k \M>_ k
kVD, >\VkVD, m[Au \M>VD,
TD cBkVD, x \kVkVD, flEzB
V V]V_ V^ kfl E> V^s_
[. \FBVk k \m gBV> |mV|, \m
k> >V \mV; VD k ziV
BVD, V_ >kVD, >V>kVD
VD. \m VkV k VB; \m
\V V; \m \V>VmzB>VB
k*m sw, k VB>V_ VD EVD.
VD _VD g|V_ E>| VVD; kV
k >[ ka>M_ Vl[; g>o[ gk D\_V
B VkD k*m \]. k>V i|
W>\Vl; gVm >[ >V[ x[D D\
z >[ \l >V[ x[D kVF ]kV]m V,
k >D VQx[ \V>V. \ y\V>VKD
k>VKD k |; kB W]B >]B
kk[ BV? sBxBVB VM[ \DV_
k|| Vl; \m l[ \][ V
k k>>VD ([V gk). skVE kB
k tuD, kV[ kB \>u

70

67

gBV_ kB sD Wkk|\[
Vm y\VMm V>D VV>>Dufl Efl
Vl_ V>k k^ |VB
s|>BV, V> kB imz B
>V[.

kz x[V m, V> x>fiFD k

]_ V[. V>V k Vm: R>Vv,
x>tV \\ VV|VF [V.
Vm kfl ul>k^ DsV> |:
gk, kVV_ k|kV\V? [ , k_ k
BzsB aB >V, kB km V>
kV.
gV_ V> \V>V\V: D\_
Wm^ [ V_o, kB V> >V| kfl
V>\VV. uV| V> >D\ k> >V
gVBD >kVB][ ]VD J
D Vm: ^ kkmV ]V|D
>V|D kyV?
V[ V^>VD >kVB]_
cVl_, ^ [ zD s_.
gV_ mk c^ xD [ k_\\Vlm
[V.

k^ k V| VzDVm, V\]
om k RVVB \V[ k
m, V>z [V_ EKkBfl \zD > k[
\_ k>V^. Vm D ku AD
]ZD zDVF k [[ VV^.
V>VkM_ k^ x\VF ]D, ]Du>Vkm:
D z\V], [u wV\_, cD c^
\Du ^. >[V_ \^ VBk]
[D, ^V> c>D VV> VD
VBD uk[fi V_|D V^ >V kD.
Vm \ V: ^\_ s[D, z[
V: JV^[D V_ mkz
kV^. M_ fl \mz kfl F>V_,
\mz [ gzD [V.
[D zukVVB k |D kV|
V|D V| VV^. k^
V >\[D ] >[, kD,
kB km ]_ kD m ]_ k\V
| ^fi EKkl_ >V^. Vm
V>: >Vk! kz \[M>D, M_ >V^
Fm [>[ BV]V^ [V. kV
kB k] |, k[\_ |V
V^. Vm ^ W[ VmV>V^.
kV| ]VD k VfiFm: k[ \uk
E>V, k[ kV_ >mV^
SmkVV_, >[>V Em V^|D [V^.
VflkD, k]_ , kz VB V|m,

k^ k m, B zs[ T|z
V| VV^; VBV #] [[V. [A
k^ xu][ |s_ J, >fl uKD c
VmVl_, VBD k^ \]lo>V.
k l_ cV]> kV
|, k cu Vm: kD kV>V[ [V^.
>uz k: ]ZB, k B[ V_o \>o
>V. u mz [A, kVk[ k | D
k _ k[ [V[. gV_ VB: \M>, V[
_ [V. >uz\_ l_ zB \ \V
[A kVk[: WflB\VF kD kV>k[, M_
k[ oB[ [ V]>V[. >uz VB: \M>,
V_K> B[ [V. k [D fl V_o
Vl k_ su. Vm > ]D
VB V V>V. VBD k_
x[ xDx [ \>oVB[ gk V_o
l> kVB> WmV|, c klu
A|VF, \m >V.

68

69

V> > \M>VkM_ k m

VD V^. kB k x
]KD m: c[ >k[ BV[ y>\VFfl V_
[ k sVs, k x>V VB kz
sV>\VFfl V_o, #mV>V^.

tfi >VV[. M_ kzm VB

^s>]VKD, k >D Am\ Fk>
VV\[ Dl>]VKD, k VzD |VVF
gE]>V[. g>V_ k[ sB zm k
]_ V[. glD k kz ]Kfi V_
s_. >V gVBD, k>VD {BV\_ k\_ zufi
VV W[V^. Vm Vm >[ Vbk
>V| k W]m, kz k^ k]> c|]
VD k ]D VmsM]_ V[.
x[ kVk kVl> VmD, VmD
[ E>VV^. Vm Vm >V gVB
D, ]VD, D \VBwm, k
V: |mkV > \M> [
k]_ Asy^. glD >V, V[ c^ x[V sV
FmD, ^ k[ \ V| zu_ [D
kM]_ Vs_. Vm x>VF [D Vs_;
k]_ c V[ [. glD >V, \m
zB>V[D kzfl FBs_. g>V_ k
>m s|>BVzk[ [V[.

*D Vm s> ][ JD >V
gVBD k>V, k >^ ][ x[
V V|VF: SmkVV_, zfl V_ [V^.
>uz k: V[ czfl V_kV_, ^ [
skE\V^; V[ c sVkV_ z ]_
V_\V^; [ Vs\V^. gKD
mx>_ \\[ kB k_ kmV] cV
]V [V. Vm _VD k Vm: gBV_
kB >V [ , V>: V_K
S^ [V. >uz k^: [D \zfl VEk|k
>[? k[ kVBV VD V\ [V^.
Vm kB\_VD ], k
^ k VmsM]_ V|VF: k[
B > BV| z>D, Vz k K>
kV\[ sz>D, >[ SmkVB VV
[ V_K>D V\[ k\_ zufiV
>VV^. Vm k Vm R>B VVkV
[ V[. kV \\VaBV: V_KS [V.
Vm Vm >V gVBD, D V:
V[ > \M] zu> V[ [ V_,
k^ ] c\>V|: k[ oBV V| >V
sD \|D, R>BV >\zD V]mV|, >
|mV[ [V^.
gV_ oBV [> Vm , >
\M>[ oBV [ sVs, k V][ ]Vmz
ck[ m, V t_ k]>
V]M]uz k V[. Vm V> |

M_, >VD kz k s|>

BVzkm kz kEB\Vl>m. l: k ,
Vv z s|>BVzD [ \_VD
sm. > Vv[k[ ] > {
V>D VV>>Dufl El_ V
>V[. glD Vm V> s|>BV \>Vlm
\D k]_ EV[. gV_ k^: kfl
EKkl_ D, EKkl_ D [ ]D]D
zoV^. k[ J[VxD kVm: k[
[ V_VA F>V[? \mz mkV zuxD
kM]_ V[. gBV_ k >m s|>BVz
k[ [V[. [VKD, k^ flo|, kfl
EKkl_ Bk|\[ fiV]m |V|
W[V^.kB z_D \[\KD c\\Vm.

74

71

D, E (sBD) [V. V> k

V: VD k[ V>BB[ \uV[
kk|k]_. \u k[ xmD >\VlV[.
D >\VlS^. gKD _VD _ [V.
M_ k >D\ VV|k[ [V[
]>V. >Mt>\ _VD >x^k^ _
[V. k\ V> kB V> s
uV| >DxB k] >mV|, ]DD
]l_ cVm, kz ]Du>Vkm: V[
czfl F>> ]SV? ^ [ z
k[D gk[D wS^; ^ V_Kkm B;
M_ V[ k>V[. gBV_ gkD z\VB V[
c^ V> sV_, ^ k kB
V> kT^. M_ V[ cz s>D
F>V, s>\ D FDBV cz \V]
V>[.

R>B VVkVV_ c[ EmV^ [ V_o,

k VD V^. k[ R>B VV [
, y[, B m_ > BxD kz
\V k>m. _V\Kfi EKkl_ >V
^_ k[ k #m: SmkVV_ c[D
D EmV^ [V[. \ukV \\VaBV
k m: D > g yAz^VlmD,
kz B|]_BV? \z m WBVB>V[. D
xB Fz > DVkB VD. kV
V_VAfi F>k_ [ V_o, V> V:
kVt, >kZ cDxB VflEB]_ DVm B
W>D [ sD V[. V> k
V: [ [V| ]loVB[ \FBVk
czfl V_K[ [V.

B k^w\
x>_ kVD ({. 6:16).
gk ]Du>Vkm: >D c]k]_ Vlu
V D\fl B D: kV^, gk ]DA
kVD. M_, D\ m F>k>V\, D\ s|>
Fk; D\ VB|]Bk>V\, D\ z|mk.
\z ]]_ k , J[VD V_ D\ cl,
VD gk x]_ ([z) kVkVD; VD (>Fk)
km, gk (\[\KD) E>V^, k [
>VkV\V; kB k \z V>B\Vfl E>fi
FBm; k t*m aD x[k [k
\wVozk [V^. VX\! ([D) cz
>fl FkVD; R>V cz (m) [ FkVD? *m

Vm zB gVD \ \Vl>m. [
>VD \kl_ \\zD >VD cVlu.
Vm BD | Vlu, >kVB][ ]fl
D |s_ V a>m. V>V c> >\VF
|: >Vk, [ gm\> cDxB A
V|[ [V. kfl V_o clsV.
(u D xwVooD)
-Vm Ds>>fl #B[ |: \FBVk
> \[ ]\VVl>V[ k m]>V[.
> VsB VzD k]> _VD
>k |, >^ \V_ mV| ]D
VV^. kz x\Vl> D, oBVsom
k [[k> ]ZD #]_ W[, k
VmV>V^. Vm >V, BVA [D
k>V. k >fl >kD _kD ]\V
\Vl>V. k R>B gVzD FzD
c[k_; R>BVs[ \VB \]BVs
om k>kD, kB VflEBmz ]V]>

72

73

k\VB k, VmsM]_ VF,V>B Z>

|, > k]V_ u Vl_ k
mD mkl_ kD tV>m\V _
l_ k t>V.

AEm, > V]]_ VD bkVV. []VM_,

gkB ZD [ W>VMmV\_, k[ V]\VF
AEm VD bVV, k[ >[ gy AEm
VD bV[. >Mt>D cz^ TD, VBV
D |, D (\) W]B]V^.
\z V\ ykl|VV_, VD ykl\VVD.
VD WBVBy|DVm, >V| VD g
z^V yV>z gkV E|VD.

B sBVw[
V>V fl. E[ V]Bz ]B
W]om kVD (1 V. 11:2032).
V>: ^ [Vkkm gkB V
VD c>u_. M_ kk[ >[ V> x]
AE mkzV[. B k[ MBVl, kV
k[ zkBVV[. AED zD cz T|
_BV? _m kB gB> Am, [
t_V>k k|mSV? ] V[ cz
[ V_Kk[? c AkV? ] c
Aw[. gk]_ V[ uV>B cz
B>[. >[kM_, gkVB V> >VD V
V| > V]l > |m, >V]D
, >|: ^ > kV AE^; m c
V B|D [ Z\Vlm. [ QV\V >fl
F^ [V. D [A > V\ k
V]>D |m: > V]D [ >]_ A]B c[
BVl[m. > ^ VD bDV>_VD [
QV\Vfl F^ [V. gBV_ gk k\D
^ > > AEm, > V]] VD bD
V>_VD kB \> s^. l,
BV>Vk[ V]\VF > > AEVV_ _m
gkB V]]_ VD bkVV_, gk
B Z][\KD >][\KD zukVBVkV[.
g>V_ > \M>D >[>V V]>[A > ]_

fl. ]B > s][

>VflE (13:115).
V]_: Vz ]Vz x] V V>
>VD > s| >VsM]uz VkB
>DxB VD k>>[ m, ] > >Dx
Bk >VD E]l_ k x B>D
E>V. \V[ z\VVB R>V VBV>[k[
k VV|zD, VVm kB >B]_
x[\ sl k^ DbD kl_ k,
>DxB l_ >VkVk >D ]>D,
>VD kM]om k>>D, kM]uz V
>D m, ]Bs| m, >DxB k]
m, m |m l_ V|, [A
[ V]]_ > kVm B V>
kD, >VD l_ l> mV_ mD >V
V. B k \V[ VB] k>Vm,
VB k V: gk, V [ V>
m [V. V> kz \V>V\V: V[ F>
Vm BVF; M\_ mV^kVF [V. VB
k V: VmD [ V> k V>[
V_, V> kz \\VaBV: V[ c[
kVsV_ [V| cz _ [V. \V[
VB kV: gk, [ V> \V]\_,

78

75

>\ [V. k kfl V[; W[

k_ k[: s>\V B zz ]_ V_KVF
[ V> []_ >V[. V> kz \
\VaBV: V[ >>\VF EV_, >>> |m;
BVF El>V_, [ V[ [V.

VV c^ D ]VB \D VKD, D
V> \kVzD MVKD >>[. > x[M
ykV| lD. \m Vs[ kVB
V_ k k>mk>D; g>o[ c^ > (]BV
>) kkfl\V[m [V? M_, oBs
>BV>D, >oBs >Fk ]BV>D c
]_ gE>VD.

[V [k[ B zkVB VE]_

k |kVk l>V[. Vm \V[
VB W[ zVFm V>V. l: D
kB _ k_kV [ kzfl V[V^.
kV \>om: V[ _ [V. [D B zs[
aB_ VB V> kkz >VVB k[
kV: V[ kV| c[ >V]_ Vs_
BV? [V[.VB \D \>o>V. c k_
su.
[A V> VE]M[ >V]]l[
\z V| VV^. Vm sBuV\VF
>m. kV VVk AEkB>u y|
V> > \z^ kEs_. g>V_ V
>[k[k]_ kB km: > \M>[_ [
zu V|kS^ [ , k^ \\VaBV:
k[ zukVB_V]>V_, k c\z B
\VVD [V^. Vm k V: BVV_,
k AV| c^ k> ][ kz
yAflF^ [, R>^: kD V|>
z c>s_ [ kzfl V[V^. V>
>VD [ V VVV[> z|fl V[
kVBD WkDz fl Ds>m.
gBV_ Vm \D >[ \l_ kEm,
V> >[M]_ kkwm: R>B VVkV
[ k V[. V> ]_\VaBV: VF >fl
V_KSV _m \uk^ [zm (>) c\zfl
V[VV [V. Vm ]>V\V: V[ R>V?

VD kVD (BV. 12:111).

V_: gk [xD m >] \VX
zD gVzD ]kVB>[k[V_: D\V>\
cz \V>[ mk\VD, mk k]B \V>_
g]\V>\VzD. ^ VB_ A][ BV BVkD
|fl V_K^: D\V>][ >VD >]l z|D
]uzD TuzD kVk kV g|zB >
>| kV^. gV_ kB Tok^
g|zB AE>uz Vm\V VF V\u
VV_ k[ >[ T|z BV_ g|zB AE>uz
> ^ >>V, > mu
> kbkV[. g|zBVk[V_,
\VumD, gVVmD kBm^m\Vl kBm.
k^V| zBD > xl[B >mV^
k|D. > D\V>][ ]V[VD >]kzD km
V| VB_ l[ kV >VD VBV]_
> m, >[ >]_ Vfi\|m, > T g
AEVV T| kV_ WVoKD W
l[ \u]KD >k|D. z [ V]l
|u \VD V| V|D A]V>
V|D AEV^. flBVD >_ s
\VD]V[ ][V\_ | kD V> B
AEk|D. (g[) >, V_, z_ (x>oBkB_VD)
AEV. ] >D sBuVD kl_ *]BV k

76

77

kVD, >VKD z\BV_, > MBVu

T^. > AEkB \BVkm: ^
| fl, V_ V> >V|>kVD,
l V >kVD > ys\VF AE
TV. M_ m >B VV (>Vkm >
B >_).
..........

Vm \V[ VB >V[ k]> B>

cs, B zsB aB >V kB km
V> kV. > aBz B \V_ [>VD.
gBV_ V> VB V: c[ B>
cl_ V|; >VkVk z V|> V]> V[
VD V]V [V. l k xD
V]]D R>B aBD V> m .

fl. ]B D gkVB
Sms[ ]V|^. (18:140; 19:142).
V]_: >DxB V| A|fl ]
V[ [D sz V_ VV. >VD
>m. ] kD kB D kE>V^.
V> >DxB V| k]>]
V k VV|> R>VD > > ]
>V[. g>V_ R>V Vfl k >D z
]KD B]Ktm aB V|
sz |V|D, >V|D, g>V|D s
]uz k>V[. V>VkM_ >\z kV BVkuD
m kz x[ [, k V: ^ BV
>|S^ [V. k^ kz ]_\VaBV: B
VB k >|VD [, V> k V:
V[>V[ [V. Vm k VV|> R>VD
kV| W[V>V[. V[>V[ [ V>
kzfl V[, k^ [M|VF >l
s>V^. *|D V> k V: BV >|
S^ [, k^: BVB k [V^. V>
]_\VaBV: V[>V[ czfl V[. gBV_
[ >|SVV_, k Vs|^ [V.
z >>k_ V[ kD wmVs_
B[ k ]Du kVBD WkDBV (fl
V[V).

> k] B zkVl> V [kz

\V\VB [V [kM]uz x>x> k
V| VV^. > V>V[: \M>[ mVfl
Vm >VsB[ R>z gV V|>k[.
Vm \V[ VBD kV D V>
[>Vm VV^. >fl [ B zz x
\Vl>]V, V>V| B zs[ \
xumz kE>V.
VBVkM_ kB >kVo_ W[V
>V. gV_ B zz x\Vl> > k [
kB km, kV_ Vk]_ E, VB c^
V| VV. Vm kV_ V aBV
VB V: D > \B _ k
_kV [ V_, k V[ _ [V. Vm zV
l>\BV_, aBD, kD >l_ W[ z
VFmV>V^. VBD kV| W[ z
VFmV>V.
l, B z V>]_ kB
zmD, kB V>> zmD sV>V[.
V> kz ]_ \VaBV: V[ cmz kB
\VF E[. V[ VmD gB]KD, R>_
V k >kVB]KD c>E>BVaB >
]_ [D E]_. [M]_ sVV[? V[
V[k k]_ kz V[ V[m
[k[ sVD. >V, V[ V[k^ kz

82

79

l, V W> { V]D () k>m.

k^ uVV Vl_ WB >VFm, > ~VA
>_ \V, k kVl_ cB] V|>V^. V> >
VB kVV [A: _VD x>m [ V_o
>zMm V V|>V.

c[ xD, >V gVBD c[ z B>V^.

[ F>VF [V[. V> ]_\VaBV; [ VflEBD
mz |>>_; [ VflEBD mz |>
>VV_ V[ R>z BV> [ k \F
BVk VVlV^. l, [ VflEBD
mz |>>_ [V. gBV_ Vm k V:
BVV_, VVkV [V[. V> \V>V\V: V[ VV
[ V_KS: V[ ]Bmzfl VE V_KDBV
>[, >uVk cmz k>[; ]B>fl V>k[
kD [ >mz VmV|V[ [V. Vm
Vm k V: ]B\Vkm [ [V[. fl V[
\D R>]_ kB km, k V:
V[ kM]_ zuxD V[. gKD Vz ]V_
V[ cz k s|>BVzkm cz kw\V
l>; gBV_ R>B VVk V[ cz
s|>BV sDASV [V[. Vm k^
_VD: kB_, Vv s|>BVzD [ ]DD
zoV^. VvV ^Vl>V[.

(u D xwVooD)
R>V, [ {FVz gB> VVl>]VKD,
> {FV^ VVl>]VKD, > V Z^
EKkl_ V>, kB V_ xm,
k |m Vk|\[ VmsM]_ |
VV^. g>V_ Vflk km x]kzD, k
V| EKkl_ B> \ukzD V_
x>V^. V>]_ k>V>V, k uk
\>V[ |, kB V_ xs_.
gV_ Vflk_ k[ ~lV kB sVk
(z]) ]>V[. c ]M[ >xD >D A
m. > k >uzfl VE V_olV[. k
B VED c\BVl[m. ^ skEzD V|,
c\BVk >V[ V_K>V ]V[. k
]_ KD x\V^ [ k>kVBD WkD
k^ Ds>. *D, >V^ z] |sk
V VV[ kV k>kVBxD kM[m.
kz [A \]BV VVB BVA
[k (R>z B>]Mt>D EB][VKD
V>zfl Vl>]V) VmsM]_ VF,
V>B Z> zD V. Vm kz
c> V|k, k km, V>B Z> V.
Vm x[VV^ s V>]_ k>kVB
V>D [k k^VxD BVxD m
zB V>_ V|k>V. gBV_ k^
V>B Z> |m, R> D bD x\l[

Vm Vm V> mfl VV_

>V[. [D Vflk x^V_ { xB [M,
kB EE_ k>], #tk]>D kz V
]V^. *|D k]_ km: R>B VVk, kV
[ V_o k []_ >V^.
Vm Vm \D kl_ km, k
V: kM]_ V[ zuxD V[ ^ D
z >V, k c]_ kB V|
k[ [V[. gBV_ V> x^xBD, #t V
kBD >>kV kB k>V. Vm Vm k
V: >V, \M>[ [V[. gV_ >V gVBD (k
B) kD V> : kfl EKkl_
D, EKkl_ D [ sV^. Vm k
V: k AV|, EKkl ^.

80

81

M_ V[ kM]_ zuxD V[ [V[. R>^

kz \V>V\V: z k>x|. >fl
][B k[ V k|D. M_ >[fl kB
z\VVzV[ [V^. > kVB> Vm
Vm ]\VF Bm,

B Vl_ V_V>V [ V>D [D

mz A| VV. kfl EKkl_
>V^. kV| k| D ]KD
]KD, V> |sK\Vfl EKkl_ >V^. [D
Vm { ]D ]fl EKkl[ \_ k>V[.
] BVB R>B VV [ >
>m. V> EKkl >D mzfl
*\Vl>lV R>_ > B
kVE>V^. m B, z, y[ V_ >
>m. g>V_ R>B >V gVB^ Vmk
V: R>B VV [ >V\_, V[ R>B VV
[ k V[>V mD [V^. >uz Vm
] >V\V: V[ ]> ]m [V[.

]DD >[ \z^ VF, V> V:

stm k>k[ [V[. V>V kz ]_ [fi
V_s_. gBV_ Vm k V: [M]_
\VVBV? c[fl EKkl_ B z ]VD c
[D, c[ s|>BV z ]VD c[D
BVBV? [V[. V> ]_\VaBV: V]om
c\z V|V]>V_, [\_ c\z { ]VxD
Vm. >Mt>D [ c\z B>kz ] B
Vkx| [V. gBV_ mx>_ Vm k s|>
BVzD ka >V>V[. R>V k V:
k s|>BVV_ V VBz E>_.
M_ >[ VVkVz kD V VBz
sV]BVlV[ [ V_ofl >tV^. >
kV> Vm uV| V> kB
wmkm, o>V ]V>V [D, B Vl_
>V [fi V_| >] WBVBV]_ cV
>V[. (> V^) Vz z gB>VD, Vm
zB gVD \ x\Vl>m. Vm Vm R>
Vm: >V, c^ VV [V[. >uz k^: k
V[V|D, V[V|D, EKkl_ D [ sV
^. \D Vm k V: c^ VVk V[
EKkl_ kV [, >V gVB^ \\VaBV:
V _V> z k VV _ [V^.
Vm k EKkl_ B|Dz k kz
B>V[.
kD k AV| kB V|
VV^. B k >\m EKkBfl \mV|,

Vfl k kfl EKkl_ >[A kB

k] |m, kV kz kV V
k VKz VV^. kB BD |
>V^. > >Bo_V\_ \ >V xkmD FB
>Vl>m. >Mt>D k^ k k V:
> VD aBV\_ BVz z\[ >[\_ |
V|kVD [ EVV^. [ k]D >
z^ V^, [ l[ \KD | V
V^ [ k> kVBD k\ Wku. Vfl
k fi F>V^.
>kVl_ V>B EKkl[ kB
>VBVD, k >VBV[ V>BVB BVV \BD\VD,
\B \>D\VD W[ V>V^. gBV_
V> >\m >VBVD, z W[ >D\V_ E
D Vm, >DxB >VBV V: ]ZB, >V c[
\[ [V. [D V: >V c[ >VF [V.
x>_ >fl [ k >[ _]_ uVV.
*D V>, _VD x>>[ m, k>kVBD
xuD Wk>>V: >V\Vl[ [V.

86

83

]B {Vl_ ^ kz ]V k>\BV_
> k o[ |k sm VV. kV
^ ]D km, >Vm ou kE]> kV
B k [ >D z]D J.
k_ kD >mV^s_. VB_ A]
Vk[V_ k|V o[ |k l_ kB
km A]KD m A]KD ^ \]_V_ zD.
kV > V VBoB ]BB
M[ E>V. z k^ ul_ ]B[
k VmD, gk k m V
> k_\B |>VmD >z Bm k
]KD kB >VV \VXM]KD skVD k>V^.
Vm \VX[ VB_ A]V >
Am VB >\Vkm:

B > \ kV| kfl V u

V^. k EKkl ]_ >V
xD, > >V]_ [D kD D V>
Am _D >m. > _ *\Vl>
lV, R>B gB>VMt>D V>
] D V^.

J[VD kVD (. 4:26).

V_ gkB ]_ *]BV s>Vm gD
\\ >V]ozD, tl[ D t>\VlzD,
VBo[ V]M[ Ekz \flE
cVzD. kV>k\Vk, EBVM_ *]BV skD,
t_ WBVF W[kD, t_ QV sB V_
>k _VD > T w|kV. gk
B[ ]Z[ >D, t[ z]BV Vk
D >[ x[Vk ] ckVKD, c][ gsBVKD
]> [ k^ >|kV. gk EBV[
\l[ _Vs]KD, k sV W[ ]KD,
_ V]uz > \>D, V]uz M
y>D EiV; _V \\ >V^*mD kB
VmVk_ szD. kB \Vm >uz _V
ci]uz Ww_ VKD, \w AB_ Vuz B >V
VKD, D VKD zD.

B M
x>_ kVD (g]. 1:131; 2:12).
g]l ^ V>D V>D >V.
tBVkM_ ck\umD k\um\Vl>m; [
D V>V][ x> ^ sBV]>m; >k gsBVk
>[ *m kVV>V. Vm ^:
cVz [ c>V. ck, cVlu. ^
B \[ | kVB M[ m, z
_ [D |z [D BV. \V V
fi m V^ glu. V_ ^: >[ |s_
kVD cV >M[ > kzkm [V.
kV ^ kV> cV kVmz
D kVmz \u D >V. mD
k\ glu. Vm ^ kVmz \D
[ BV. \V Vfi m VD V^
glu. [D ^: \mz ^
]_ [Vfl V> >V[ km [V.
k, mD B glu. ^ V>z t
[D >Vz]zfl x]D [D BV: mD
\[ ^ |>V. Vm k: tBVm, s>
B zD EB A_ |D tl[ \ >_
>^ smB M >D >D V]l[ B >D
sD x k>[ V[V. mD

84

85

s>\ glu. \ tBVm >D >D V]l[ >D >D

s>B zD A_ |D >^ >^ B
>_ >^ smB sD x>m.
mD _>[ ^ V. \V Vfi m
J[VD V^ glu. \KD ^: \ kV]_ ^
cV D kD D, VD ]
D kD z>uBVVlD,
\ kV]_ m tB V|>k
[V. k mD B glu. Vm ^
g >V yxD, k gfl EB>V yx\V |
\>V D ]D cVV. k
\ kV]_ >Vm tl[\_ B s
>>VD, D D g>>VD V>D
D >>VD (lV). ^, mD
\[ V. \V Vfi m V[VD V^
glu. [ ^: \ kVmz wVD tl[
*>VD k gsBB kkuD, kufi
D M km [V. Vm ^ ]t
D, _ kkBVF cu]BV, clD k
xB VD, s>s>\V BVkfi
Ei>V. ^ mD _>[ V. (z) k
k gk]m: ^ K oK^
WA^ [D, k^ tl_ s]BV k [fi
V[V. \V Vfi m n>VD V^ glu. [D
^ tBVm V] V]BV kmD, T| t
D, kkuD t\V V|tD
km [V, k mD B glu.
Vm ^ V] V]BV V| tD, T| t
D >^ >^ k s>\VF tl_ k BVkD
>V. ^, mD _>[ V. [D: DxB
VBVD, VkBVD \M> V\V. k[
x] \flD gVB kD tD,
>D tl_ kV|D k BVkuD g

kV[ [V. kV ^ \M> >DxB VBV

>V. >k VBVk kfl Ei>V. gbD b
\V kfl Ei>V. uV| ^ k gk]m:
^ K tl_ Wm > |]fl x]
\flD, gVB kD tl[ \_ kV|
_V kVD g| V^^ [V.
[ ^: >V tl_ s> >D \V Au|
D, >^ >^ V]l[ >^ >_ s> V
[ VVs> \D cz ckVlzD
>VD; \KD k V^ tl[ \> tzD,
gVB]KVD _V kzD, tl_ D k
gsB V _VkuuzD \uV_oB Au|
gV\V V|>VD [V. mD B glu.
Vm ^ >VD > BVkuD VV. >V
_VD \>D [Vl>. \V Vfi m g
V^ glu. kV VxD VxD kfl E
zD BVD c| | y>m. ^ cV
>DxB B wVD Vuz (x[) Wku >VD x>
B _VkuD s| kwVD V_ {F]>.
VD kVD (BV. 14:2431; 15:1).
V_: Vfl V\D gD]zD ]
> MD \x\V >D]uz^m ]B[
[*m Vxu kB >D
V. kVM_, >[ c^ w, k^ ]
gw]_ sm Vl. >V_ ]B: VB s
V VkV\V! >V > D\B]m kzfl
VB\V VV|[ [V^. Vm > \VX
V: x]][ \ B |; V_ ^
]D ]B \KD kB >[ \KD
z][ \KD km s\[V. \VX[ o[*m B
V. k sBuV]_ _ k\VF ]D k>m.

90

87

VB]KD VF czx[ k oBVz

VV[D, k czfl V_ol>mV k
V[D kzfl V_K^ [V.

V[VD kVD (cV. 31:2230).

cl> ]Vz [kD x>_ QVl

V>V fl. ]B W]om
kVD (1 . 5:410).
tD B\Vk: kV_ >>_VD
c> l[m; DxB skV\ c> l[
B\V\. V> kB z\V[ skE
kB[, c> lk[ BV? SmkVB k
]VKD, >]VKD k>k. ]V_ \V]\_;
]VKD, >]VKD k>k. SmV> ]B\[
ZmkVk VE V|k. BM_, V
] VEB V|k^: >V, kV>, ZmVm gB
Jk. DJkD [VlV^. V]KD VEB
V|m: Zm, D, >D gB J[. DJ[D
[>V[. VD \B VEB> uVV_,
>VKD kB VEBD ] >Vl
[>. k[ >DxB >u V|> VEB\
>fl VEBD. m tD m. kB > skE
k[ kB VEB> >z^ VV[.
fl. ]B > s][
>VflE (20:1931).
V]_: {FVz[ x>_ VVB [, VB
\V ^ l> ] R>z Bm,
>D l, V> km k^ |k
W[: czfl \V>VD cVk>V! [ kzfl

V_: \VX[ >> ] VB_ A]

z u V|>V[. z > VkVk[D M[
z\V V: TBV| \>B\Vl; M_
>V VB_ A]z VD V|V\[ V_oB
>]uz k V| VkVF, VD c[[
VD [V. \VXV > WBVB \V][
kVB A>]_ ] x> [A, >m
c[l[ >fl \ sB V:
^ > WBVB A>> kVV| c^ >kVB
>B c[ ][ ]_ km
V^^. mD c]V VEB\V zD.
>>M_, V[ c[ kV> z>D c[ kV
>D ][. [ V[ clVm c
[ fim ]]l ^ >z sV>
\V D ; V[ \> [A, k ]\VF
D bT^! c^ V][B \> BV
D V]D \VF V|kV^; V[
k^ kVB kMm kz sV>\VF
kV>D tBD VE k[. >>M_ [ \
]uz uV| ^ ]_ \\VF [D V[
cz um k> \V> s| szT^ [D ^
>B J]u V_VV> c^
lV >z VD kflF>Vm E V_
cz yz^ |\[D V[ ][ [
V[V[. gBV_ VB_ BV _V
\VX[ >fl >][ k xD kzD V_
>VV.

88

B M (o)

V>V fl. E[ VVEBz ]B

W]om kVD (3:14).

Vz VD

V>: ^ SmV>V| cl>]S

V_, SmV> kB km V]_ cV
] >\VB c[>]_ c^k >|^. t
l_ c^kB_, \Vs_ c^kB V|^.
M_ \>kVlS^, c^ sBD SmV>
V| kz^ \][m. c^ kVB Sm
V> >V[DVm, D k \\l >V[
T^.
fl. \> ]B > s][
>VflE (28:17).
{FV^ xkV, kV][ x>_V^ sBuV\Vl_
\B\>D\VD, \uV \BD\VD _B V
k>V^. Vm >V, { B DD cVlu;
M_ gkB #>[ kV]M[ km,
_ A >[\_ cV>V. kB D t[
VD kB c kMB VD >m.
Vku kV k B>V_ ]||fl >k
VVV^. Vm, >k#>[ > ]Z
Vm: ^ BkVD, EKkl
V> >|S[ k[. k _.
M_ >VD ]DuB cl>>V. gk
k> > km V^. [D ^ ys
\VF VF, k cl>>V[ kB zfl
V_K^. >V, cz x[ oBVz VV;
k V^; >V, x[\ cz s>[
[V.

cl> ]V^
V>V fl. E[ V]Bz ]B
W]om kVD (1 V. 5:78).
V>: ^ ABV> \VkVlV^, A]>VF
> \VkVlzDz wB A> \Vk am
>^^. M_ DxB VVkVB SmV> ol
V. gBV_ A> \Vk\_, mzD, \
\[ A> \Vk\_; \D ]Bx\VB ABV>
> AEms>V|kV\V.
fl. \Vuz ]B > s][
>VflE (16:17).
V]_: \B\>D\VD, BVB >VBVB
\BD\VD, V\BD\VD km, V>z DBV
\k sz kVV|, kV][ x>VD V^
]V\ B[ c>B\VVm _z k>V^. (k
Vm) _ kVoM[ BV \z _ A >^kV
[ kVVk V_oVV^. M_ >
_ tD >Vl>m; gV_ k^ |m Vl_,
_ A> V^. [D k^ _
z^ kE>Vm, k^ B >m, km ]_
cV]> kV |, ]|V^. k k
V: ^ fikVD; EKkl_
kVB k >|S^; k cl>>V. l_;
k k> D mk. ^ kB ]KD,

94

91

[D VfiVD, >[ [ [ V\V^. *|D

VfiVD; >[[ [ V^. M_ V[
>VsM]uz V[ [V. gBV_ kB
_ E k k V: [ VfiVD, >[[
[ V\V^; *| VfiVD, >[[ [
V^; M_ V[ >VsM]uz V[ [
\zfl V_KV. m [? [ VfiV\[ k
V_Kkm m? [m V_KV[ \z ss_B
[V^. gBV_ k^ >D\ sVk sDAV[
V> m, k V: [ VfiVD, >[[
[ V\V[D, *| VfiVD, >[[
[ V[D V[V[]V_, >zm c
z^ ssV^S^. \FBVk, \FBVk
V[ czfl V_K[: ^ AD T^; c\V
>V|D; ^ m|T^; gV_ c^ mD >V
\V \VVD. ]ZBVk^ szDVm >[ () VD
k>]V m|V^. gV_ k^ ^B u[,
\[ c] >V[ >V]V AD
DVB> W\VV^. B D Vm m\V
lS^. gV_ \D V[ c V[. Vm
c^ >Bfi >VzD. c^ >V> c]
M[ kD mV^\VV[.

V[V. k fl V[[, >DxB D

sVkD kz V>V. gBV_ ^
gk |, >VV^. *D V> k
V: czfl \V>VD cVk>V! >V [
mV VD c A[ [V. k
fl V_o, k^ \_ ]: ZmVmk u
V^^. kB Vk \[MV, k
z k^ \[M|D: kB Vk
\[MBV]V, kz k^ \[MBV]
|D [V. V> k>Vm [Mk_ kVB ]yD
[| >V\BV kV| s_.
gBV_ \u ^: kVtB V\[ kzfl
V[Vm, k: V[ kB g^ >
mkV>D |, g^ > [ sD
s|, kB sVs_ [ BD VVaB V[
skE\V[ [ kzfl V[V.
|
Vz[, \D kB ^ T|z^
l_ kV| >V\BVD >V.
Vm
>^ l, V> km, |s_ W[: czfl
\V>VD cVk>V [V. [D k >V\BV
V: c[ s |, [ V, c[ B
[ sVs k, skVEBVF V\_, skVEBVF
[ ]DuV. >V\BV kz \\VaBV:
[ gk, [ >k [V. V> k V:
>V\V, [ ]V_V skE>VF. VV
]mD, skE>k^ VBkV[^ [V. [D >
A>]_ >V> k uA>D
V> >DxB ^ x[Vfl F>V. gV_ V>
kB >VB SmV>[ ^ skEzD
V|D, skEm, kB V\]V (W]B)
sB> D V|D k^ >[.

cl> ]Vz [kD 4D QVl

V>V fl. BV ]B W]om
kVD (1:1721).
tD B\Vk: c>\\V > VD,
\V > kxD [ >VsM]om zk>V_,
\Vsom k[m. k]_ BV>V ku\D,
su][ WwKt_. >DxB (QV) EiAz VD

92

93

cl> ]Vz [kD 2D QVl

cl> ]Vz [kD 3D QVl

V>V fl. VB ]B W]om

kVD (1 V. 2:2125).

V>V fl. VB ]B W]om

kVD (1 V. 2:1119).

tD B\Vk: SmV>D \V V||,

>DxB > ^ [uDBV cz
\V] kms| VlV. k VkD FBt_.
kB kVl_ kfi Vt_. k #
|DVm, #>k\_. V||DVm tk\_.
gV_ WBVB\VF >\z ykz >D\ A
s>V. VD Vkz \>kVF ]z szD, k
>V\ EKk \][\_ >\m Z]_ \m Vkfl \>V.
kB VBV_ V>\V^. E>V
g|V_ y^. V>V c^ gm\z
\FD ]B\Vk]_ ]D k]S^.

tD B\Vk: ^ WBD kaV\V

l V^, gm\mz sV>\VF VV| \VD
fl s| s, AV]BV c zm, ^
t[ k# V_KDV> k^ c^ uBV_
c \]m, ][ V k m]zDBV,
^ k^ |s_ [^kVlk|
\[ c \[V|[. gBV_ kufl
\ EizD ]^. VVkVV_, _V
KD \[\kVF ]V kzD, ]V
VV_ mi >>uzD, _k Ak>uzD
kV_ kVl]V, kzD
]^. > V\VF ^ [\Bfl Fk]V_,
\]X \M>B BV\B zkm kB
E>\V\. c^ BVy> mz]uz J|VkBV
V^V\_, \FBVk BVyVF, kB aB
V_ m ^. _VzD \BV> F^. V
> E^. kz B]^. VVzfl
F^. aB, c^ \V[z s> fl>V|D
]^. _kzD, V>zx^kzD
\V]\_, x|zx^kzD ]^. M_
kflV> \flVElV_ k[ WBVB\VF V|
|, c]k V\BV| >V_ mk kz
B\VlzD.

fl. ]B > s][

>VflE (10:1116).
V]_ Bz V[>Vkm: V _
gB[: _ gB[ >[ g|V >[ V V|V[.
\FVlV> oBVV g|^ >zfl V>t_V>]
V, {VF k>|, g| s|s| > {
VV[. Vm {VF g| VFm mfl E>zD.
oBV^ oVVlBVKD, g|[\_ kz
l_V>]VKD {VV[. V _ \F[; V[
[ g| k[; [ g|D [ D. [ >V [
]mV, VD >Vk ][. [ clD
[ g|V V|[. > g| Bfl V>
k g|D z|; kD V[ V|
kk|D. kD [ z_ >> zD; Vm
g| D \FD gzD.

fl. ]B > s]om

kVD (16:1622).
V]_ V> >D zfl V[>Vkm:

98

95

V^. >uz k: >VkVk >DxB g]]_

k] VBVkm WtBVkm km c^
VB\_. gV_ c^\_ > kV Zm
Vms[ k_\B ^ m, tKD, R>BV x
k]KD \VBVsKD tl[ E\|D zfl VEV
l^ [V. k kfl V[[A, k^
VmV, cB >V. Vm { \D
km kB z k \>m. k V
mz > V> k^ m VmV
l_, >V kbB>kVB |
k^ kmW[, k V: oB \M>, ^
[ kV> Vm VmV| WuS^?
c]M[ Vmz |mV^ >
V> Vmz >V V,
B ]DD kkV [V^.

gD\VlzD, k >\m E>][B D\fl ]B

kVB>V_ M>V. z tD B\V V>,
> ^ ]S^. > \M>D mz ys\V
lkV[; >uzD V>uz\V >V\>D
kV[. M_ \M>B VD >k ]B
\VVm. gBV_ s> EBD, mz >D
us|, c^ c^]_ mD c^ gm\
EBm\V kVB>fl Ek>V| V^
^.

fl. \Vuz ]B > s][

>VflE (16:1420).
V]_ : EBVF ]VkD ]lo
l_ kz k >BV, >VD cl]>
k k^ skEBV\uV>u k
B skV>D >B > >V. [D
k kz ]Du>Vkm: ^ c\zD
VF, _Vfl EizD s> ^.
skEm, QVVD k[ B\kV[, skE
BV>kV g ykl|kV[. \KD skEk
>VmkD uA>Vk: [ V\]V_ F
mmkV^, >\V V kV^.
VDA m #zkV^. VmkV BV>V[
VfiF>VKD, m kz V_VA FBVm.
VBV[\_ , k^ B\kV^
[V. >VB V> s>\VF k[ E[A,

fl. ]B > s][

>VflE (16:514).
V]_ : V> >D zfl V[>Vkm:
[ k]uz V[. glD VS
[ c_ kD [ s_. gVKD V[
k cz s>]V c^ >BD m>V_
W]m. BVVKD cz c\Bfl V_K
[. V[ Vkm cz \Vl[m. M_ V[
VV]>V_, >uk c]_ kV. V[ Vk
V_, k c]_ Ak[. k km, Vk>
zmD, ]B zmD, WBV y zmD c>
m cmkV. BM_ k^ [ skEBV
>]V, Vk> zmD, V[ >VsM]uz Vk]V
KD, ^ M [ V\VV>VKD, ]B
zmD, >k[ uk ykl>V_,
WBVB y zmD (m) cmkV. V[ [D
czfl V_kB VB^ c|. gV_
Vm k >V\V^. ]B ZmkVB k
kDVm, ]B>D cz V. M_
k >V\V V\_, ^s BVkD E, kV
kD cz sV. k [ \\|mkV.
M_ [B]M[ uV| cz sV.

96

97

cl> ]Vz [kD 5D QVl

c u V[ >Vk \[V|k[ [ czfl

V_K]_. M_ ^ [fl Em, V[ k
M]M[ A[ skE]BV_, >V
>V\ cfl EV. V[ >VsM]om A|
mz k>[. \D c>s| >VsM
]uz V[ [V. Vm kB ^ k
V: >V, Vm kBVF S; ck\
[fi V_K]_. c\z _VD >\[D, kD
cD\ sk k|k]_B[D Vm ]
VD. >Mt>\ >kZ kM]om k]S
[ skEVD [V^.

V>V fl. BV ]B W]om

kVD (1:2227).
tD B\Vk: ^ kVB FkV
l^. gV_ cB \VD V (kVB>)
kVF \V]D kVD. M_ k[ kVB
>|, >[ FBV]>V_, k[ Vk V
l >[ xflVB cuV \z VlV[.
] k[ >[ cu Vm, V_ Vk, >[ VB_
[>[> \msV[. BVyD >D \V> cu
Vm, \kVV\_, ] Wm, BBfl Fk[
kV, k Fl_ VBkVVlV[. BV>Vk[
>[ Vk V\_, >[ \> \VDV, >[ ]\V
[ bkVV_, kB ] sB>\Vm.
DxB >VkVB kB x]_ >xD \Vum
\V >k] >M_, V>^D, s>k
D kB m[]_ ]mD, fi]M[
>[ \VukVF VVumD [.
fl. ]B > s][
>VflE (16:2330).
V]_ V> >D zfl V[>Vkm: [
V\]V ^ >VsM]_ >VKD BV_
> k cz >>kV [ \FBVk, \FBV
k czfl V_K[. mkzD ^ [ V\]
V [D s_. ^, c^ >VD
\VzDV| uV^T^. k cz ck\
V_ V[[. >V VD km; M ck\V_ V\_,
kBVF >Vs[ VB cz >s[.
> V [ V\]V sfi FT^. glD

> V]uz > ]V^

V> lom kVD (1:111).
{, >BV, V> >VD >mV V
>z ZmVms[ V_ l|, (V
mz) gV\V V^kl_ k FBD V]D
>V BVkuzm V[ x] >> c|
m \FB. k V| [A, Vum VD
kz >\V, kB VflEB>
zmD E, ]iV>V_ kz >D\ clV
kV V>V. \KD kV| k VD
bl_, k^ D s| VV\_, >Vs[
kVz>>]uV V]zD, kz
l| ]Du>Vkm: > kVz>>> [ kVF
. >>M_ >V_ QVV
V|>V. V > Vz Vfimz[,
ZmVmsV_ QVVD T^ [V. gBV_
k]>k^ k V: gk, V]
V B _ V fl E B > ] D D u | m T V [

102

99

fl. ]B > s][

>VflE (14:2331).

V]uz > kB kmV]_ cV

]V. k^ A| VF zD >V^. >
kz c>s Fm >Vm > uA>V_
kB kVB> c]|]V.

V]_ V> >D zfl V[>Vkm:

k[ [fl E>V_, [ kVB> OV[;
[ >VD kfl EV. V^ kM]_ km
kz^ kVDbkVD. [fl EBV>k[ [
kVB OBV[. ^ kVBD [B
>_; [ >Vs[ kVB\V\. V[ c]_
>ll k czfl V[[. gV_ [
V\]V >VkVk V >ukVB
ZmVmkVk >D cz m, V[
czfl V[ BVkuD cz W|kV.
\V>V> cz kms| V[; [ \V>V>
cz >[. cD V|>V V[ (>)
V|]_. c^ >BD V\KD, fiV\KD
>V. V[ VF, *|D c]_ k[ V[
czfl V[> . ^ [fl E>V_,
V[ >VsM]_ V>u \FBVk >V
|T^. M_ >V [MKD BkVlV. \KD
m zDVm ^ skEzDBV, >uzx[
V> czfl V[[. M V[ cV|
VB k]_. >>M_ ][ >k[
kV[; gKD [M]_ kz [t_. gV_ V[
>Vkfl E[D, k z u> F
[D cD mV^D.

fl. >\]mk][ ]V^

V>V fl. E[ cV\Bz ]B
W]om kVD (11:3336).
g, >Fk QVD, k[ ]sB VD

> V]uz >

]Vz [kD QVl
V>V fl. VB ]B W]om
kVD (1 V. 4:711).
tD B\Vk: skVlm, D b
k]_ sa]^. _VkuuzD \V kVVk
W\BV Ex^kVl^. M_ E\Vm
]V Vk J|D. xx_V\_ kBVk
c^. kk[ uV k][B k
B s> kV> | _ cV
VV_, ^ kVk c>sF^. k[
V]>V_, >k kVBmu V]kV[. k[
s F>V_, k[ > ][ FB
kV[. B VBKD Sms[ J\VFfl
kz m]VzD FTV.
fl. ]B > s][
>VflE (15:2627, 16:14).
V]_ V> >D zfl V[>Vkm: gKD
>VsM]om V[ cz VkD, >Vs
M]M[ A|k\VB ]B ZmkV >u
k kDVm, k [ufl VE V_KkV. D
g]x>_ [V| BV_ (zfl) VE V_K

100
T^. ^ _V>z k czfl V[
[. c gBmz ADVzkV^. [D
c V Fk[ >V[ kz (c>) aBfi
Fk>V Wz VD k[m. k^ >VkD [
D BV>]V cz kfl FkV^.
gKD > VD kDVm, V[ k cz
kM>[ ^ WmV^D k
czfl V[[.

VI

ZmVms[
]V VD
ZmVms[ ]V^
V> lom kVD (2:111).
>V> [D V^ xkVl_ k^
_VD ]_ t]>V^. Vm >
Vu>VuV, ] kV]M[ { xwxV,
k^ cV]> T| x\D Wu. _V\KD,
M\BD V[ > V^ kz >V[, k_
kVk \KD km >m. k^ _VD Zm
VmsV_ W|, Dz ZmVmkVk
kz V|> k][B u V_
>VV^. Vm kV][ ^ >>VK
tm k> ]\V[V R>^ t_ kVD
V^. >fl >D cVk, ]V ^ km,
kk[ >[ >[ Vl_ k^ k> |, \]_
\BV^. g>V_ _VD tm gflB|fl V[
>Vkm: >V, k^ _VD oB_kV?
l, Dt_ kVkD \m [\ V_
k^ > V\. >? V>D, \]BD,
Vt>VD, \V>VtBV, R>BV, >VEBV, Vm,
gEBV, BV, DoBV, m [D >KD, Ezfl
*\V BV V|_ kEkD, A>>VV
cV\BD, R>D, R> \V> uk
D, >D, B\VB V\_VD DxB
V_ k^ kB \mk\V VB
V\ [V^.

106

103

|m, >V]D, > |: ^ > kV AE

^; m cV B|D [ Z\Vlm.
[ QV\V >fl F^ [V. D [A
> V\ k V]>D |m: > V]D [
>]_ A]B c[BVl[m. > ^ VD
bDV>_VD [ QV\Vfl F^ [V. gBV_
gk k\D ^ > > AEm, >
V]] VD bDV>_VD kB \>
s^. l, BV>Vk[ V]\VF >
> AEVV_ _m gkB V]]_ VD
bkVV_, gkB Z][ \KD >][
\KD zukVBVkV[. g>V_ > \M>D >[ >V
V]> [A > ]_ AEm, > V]]_ VD
bkVV. []VM_ gkB ZD [
W>VMmV\_, k[ V]\VF AEm VD b
VV, k[ >[ g y AEm VD bV[.

kkV gw\Vm! kB WBVB yA^ kkV

A]V>k\VF, kB ka^ kkV gVF
>B V>k\Vl[. gkB >
>k[ BV? kz gVVVl>k[ BV?
>z ]_ zD kz >D x> V|
>k[ BV? xD kVKD, kV|D, kKD cV
l[m. k [[zD \\Vk>V.
g\[.

fl. ]B > s][

>VflE (6:5659).
V]_ V> ]V R>zfl V[>Vkm:
[ \VDD \FBVk VxD, [ >D \FBVk
Vx\Vl[m. [ \VD> AEm, [ >> VD
bk[ [M_ kEV[, VD kM_ kE[.
sBVB >V [ mVD, V[ >VsV_
smVD, [ AEkD [V_ sV[.
V]om D mk. m c^ >V^
\[Vk AE>mV_ _; k^ \>V; >
> AEk[ [[zD wV[.

fl. \> ]B > s][

>VflE (28:1820).
V]_ V> >D zfl V[>Vkm:
V]KD V]KD zfl k ]VxD V|
m. gBV_ ^ VF, V] zD
c>Em: >VBD >BD ZmVm
BD V\]V kz QVV V|m, V[
cz l BVkuD zD k
z V]^. >V V[ c x\|D VD
cV| [.

ZmVms[ ]Vz [kD

x>_ QVl
V>V fl. ]B W]om
kVD (1 . 4:821).

tD B\Vk: k[ E\Vk V.
>DxB z\VV_ VD szDzfl k[ k

104

105

]_ ]V, k[ \m_ k>

ED km. VD kfl E>]V_ _
k, k
D\ x]fl Em, DxB Vk
z V oBV >\m z\V ]
kB [A [>[ sz[m. tD B
\Vk, k[ D\ >[\BVFfl E
]l_, VxD kVkfl E \
VD. k kD VmD ]_.
VD kVkfl E>V_, k[ Dx^ W
]V. kB \ [AD Dt_ c>\\Vl
[m. k >DxB Zmsom \z >>
]V_, VD kKD, k DtKD W]>V
]VD. >VkVk >\m z\V c V
V[ V |, VE V_KVD.
V> >k>[ kk[ l|VV, kM
]_ k[ W]V. kD kM]_
W]V[. k[ \m\_ k] >
VD m, skE]VD. k[ E\Vk
V. E]_ W]k[ kM]_ W
]V[;
kD kM]_ W]V.
|yk V_ VD DBVlfl Fk> Dt]
K^ c>\ >k E\VD. M_ k lV
V VxD ]_ BlVD. E]_ B
t_. c>\ ED B> AD >^m. BD
k>^m. gBV_ B|k[ E]_ c>\_.
gBV_ k[ D\ x]fl E>lV
VxD kfl EV\V. kfl E[
[ k[ V_oD, >[ V> >V_, k[
VFB[. M_, >V[ V_ V V>fl
EBV>k[, >V[ VV> k fl E|D?
kfl Ek[ >[ V>D E
kV[ [ > uBfl kM]_ VD
uVD.

fl. V ]B > s][

>VflE (6:3642).
V]_ V> >D zfl V[>Vkm: c^
>V x^kVF m V D x^kVF
^. kD zukVV yV>^; D
zukVV y\V^. k[\KD g
yklV>^. c^\KD g ykl \V
V^. \[M^, D \[M|T^. V|^,
czD V||D; xD zKD|fl msD
_ k c^ \l_ V|kV^. M_ ^ >
sVB czD ]_ |D [V. *D k
kz ck\Bfl V[V: zz z[
kaV |\V? kD zal_V skV^? [
zz \uk_; kD >[ zk V_ V
V_, c>\VlV[. c[ o c]>
kMBV\_, c[ V>[ o mDV
>[? _m, c[ o c]> B VV\_, c[
V> V: V> V, c[ o mD
|ms|[ [ V_B>? ^ QVMB, x>
x> c[ o c]> >^s|. >[[ c[
V>[ o mD |m V VVF.

]sB u ]V^
V>V fl. E[ V]Bz ]B
W]om kVD (1 V. 11:2329).
V>: gk]_ V[ uV>B

110

107

cz B>[. >[kM_, gkVB

V> >VD VV| > V]l >
V_olV[. kB VED c\BVl[m.
^ skEzDV|, c\BVk >V[ V_K
>V ]V[. k]_ KD x\V^
[ k>kVBD WkD k^ Ds>. *D,
>V^ z] |sk V VV[ kV
k>kVBxD kM[m.

ZmVms[ ]Vz [kD

2D QVl

ZmVms[ ]Vz [kD

3D QVl
V>V fl. VB ]B W]om
kVD (1 V. 5:611).
tD B\Vk: k[ cfl ]zD
V]_ c cBmDz kB k_\^
][ c >V]V^^. k c sV
kVBV_, k\_ c^ kD km
s|^. \ xD, saAD c^kVl^. M_,
c^ mkVB V flE E>V_ BV
sV\Vk[ >, u ]m. gBV_ ^
skV]_ c]^kVF, >uz ]m W_K^.
c]K^ c^ V>zD s> m[^ c
[ m V^^. Sm z^ D\ >\m
W]B \\z w>kVB k ^ k[
VfiVD m[|k c>\V c]|]
]|mkV. k k>VxD \\D VflEB
VxD cVk>V. g\[.

V>V fl. ]B W]om

kVD (1 . 3:1318).
tD B\Vk: cD c >V_,
>u ^ ]BkVD. VD V>fl E
BV_ \]M[ , sBmzV
\[ kVD. EBV>k[ \]_ WV
V[. gBV_ >[ V> kD V V>[.
gV_ > V V>D >z^ W\BV W]B
sB> V]_ [ T^. k[
\V >Dxl V|>]V_, kB [A [
>[ ]VD. g>V_ VxD V>V D
xl V| \VD. D>
B k[ >[ V>[ | |> |D, kz
(V\_) >[^> JVV_, >kED kM
]_ W>? ([ ^, DxB ED
kV>lKD VsKD V\_, BlKD c\lKD
kBm.
fl. V ]B > s][
>VflE (14:1624).
V]_ V> >D Bzfl V[ ck\
BVkm: \[ B sm Fm, w>V[.
B k[ sm kl_: Vm _VD >BVV
l[m, wk^ kk|\[ V_KD,
k]_ >[ aB V[. k_VD
Vzfl V_ mkV^; k[ k V:
V[ >V> kV[, kEB\VF V[ VF >

108

109

Vk|D. gBV_ [ \[MmV^ |

V^[ [V[. \uVk[: nm \V| kV[,
k ZE V[. gBV_ [ \[Mm
V^ |V^[ [V[. [Vk[: V[
\x>[; g>V_ kVm [V[. aB[
]Dkm, k >[ \Vz s>V[. Vm
z|D>\V[ V\m, >[ aB V: \V
m >KD T]KD VF, wD
D zD VD wm V|
kV [V[. [D aB[: gk, l
F>Vlu, [D tm [V[. \V[ aB
V: A|, kaKD koV]KD VF, [ T|
WDBV c^ kD VB|m.
M_ w> > \_ kD [
s>fl k V]_B[ czfl V_K[
[ V[V[ [V.

>B|DBVD, (> kV>D z m).

k] \z DD, kuD skV]V
(kM]_) >B\VF Vk>uV kxxV
lm. gBV_ c^ Wt>D V[ s
m[ c]kV_ ^ Vm VV]zD
c \[V|[. k^ cz \\BVl
[m. mVB][ Wt>D \m gkVB Sm
V>B >Vs[ x[V V[ xw>Vl|, V ]KD,
V]Kx^ s> >Vmk V\mzD uVB
kD V]>Vkm: ^ kB Zm sV_
c^ \M>V k_\BV_ D, skV] V
SmV> c^ >B_ kVDD, ^ \
[_ k[ Wu, (> [[) sVD, D, cBD,
gwD [>[ flEkV| D
Vs cD, V>>VB SmsB [
mV^ k_kVD, B k D>VKD
WBD, k >DxB \\l[ ]sBz
> cz > k|\[ V][.

s[ ] >B ]V^
V>V fl. E[ EBz ]B
W]om kVD (3:819).
V>: flEk^ kKD uVB
z > kV>D mM_, Sms[
kV> nkB V[ AV]BVz^ s
\VF D, >D Ei> kM]_
g]x>_ \]> EB[ WB\D [>[
zD ]B\VD, s>\VFfl k[ k>V
\VF DxB >VB Sm V>z^ F]>
y\V][B kB VVs> QV\Vm ]fl
J\VF c[>K^ V>tzD, k>zD

fl. ]B > s]om kVD

(19:3137).
V]_: R>V, [ {FVz gB>
VVl>]VKD, > {FV^ VVl>]VKD,
> V Z^ EKkl_ V>, kB
V_ xm, k |mVk|\[
VmsM]_ |VV^. g>V_ Vflk
km x]kzD, kV| EKkl_ B>
\ukzD V_ x>V^. V>]_ k>
V>V, k uk \>V[ |, kB
V_ xs_. gV_ Vflk_ k[ ~l
V kB sVk (z]) ]>V[. c ]M[
>xD >D Am. > k >uzfl VE

114

111

kV>>fl >>mV^D wkV

BV_, gk]^. M_, k sD, _ V
VbD gEk[ V_VAz >[ VkD, \V
flz >[ c>|D , ][\z s, [\
Bfl Fm, \V>V> V > [ukVV. M_,
gkB ^ ]\V[^\KD, kB s^
kB ][\KD V\Vl[. gV_
][\Bfl Fk^\_ gk Vx\VlV.
^ [\B Vfl[V_, cz yz Fk[
BV? gKD ^ ]lMt>D >D V|V_ VB
kV[^. g>V_ k^ tKz BV\KD, V\K
t^. gkVB SmV> c^ >B_ flE
^.

fl. V ]B > s]om

kVD (15:110).

fl. \> ]B > s][

>VflE (5:2024).
V]_ V> >D zfl V[>Vkm:
k>V B, kB ]lKD c^ ] ]
VsV_ \V VflEB]uz^ kE \V
[ czfl V_K[. V FBV]VBV,
V Fk[ WBVByAz gVV[ x[V
zfl V_>V ^sS. VV
czfl V_K[: >[ V> V kD
WBVByAz gVkV[. gV_ >[ V> VV [
k[ gVfl yAz gVkV[; ]B [
k[ Mz gVkV[. g>V_ >l_
c[ VBfl KmDVm c[ V>[ c[\_
>V \>VVlV[ W kVBV_,
c[ VB ][ x[V kms|, x> c[
V>V| ckV V; [A km c[ VBfl
KmkVBV.

V]_: V>B kVB

k|\[ gBVD VsD kl_ k>V^.
>V BD k>VD xxm: k Vs
uV|, kV D bV [V^.
gBV_ k [kD ck\B kzfl V_o
kM>>Vkm: c_ g| cB kVlD
k_ [ VV\uVV_, \u >VIuV[m
g|D kV>]_ s|s|, VV\uV g
Vb>D >]BVV?
> |>[A,
>V\VF > >[ >V^[\_ V|V|,
T|zkm, >[ E>D, B>VD kkwm:
VV\uV g |>[, gBV_ [V|
[ V_KkV_V? s>\ >kfiFB
kEBt_V> >VIuV[m ]\V[u c
V >V>s, >kfiF VslMt>D
\V] ] >VxVlz\[ czfl
V_K[. [D m ]V\V [D
B > ]ZBVVKD ]_ [ VV\uVV_, s
V], T , > Vb>D kBV|
>V]VV? > k^ |>[A, >[ E]
D, B_ T|V kkwm: >V VV
\uV [ > |>[, gBV_ [V
[ V_KkV_V? s>\ >kfiF
VslMt>D >k#>z x[Vfl >VxVlz
\[ czfl V_K[ [V.

112

113

ZmVms[ ]Vz [kD

4D QVl

c>Em x>[, \V V: gw]

>^V|VF, *[ >uz c^ k T^
[V. \V[ ]>V\V: V>, V^ k_VD
BV|D [D s_; gKD >kZB kV
>l[B kB Tk[ [V. k^ F>
, >^ k amV> V\V \fl
km >V^. Vm \u o> V^
km >z c>s FD, kzfl l
VV^. kD km, | zD W,
k^ > t]V>Vl>.
\V[
VB > , V>B V>] sm:
gk, V[ VsBV \[. [s| KD [V.
M_ kz *[VMt>D, kD
kV> D t]>V^. s>\ \V
B >VwVB >l[ z\V BVD D
(t]>V^). gV_ V> \V V:
BV>, mx>_ \ kVlVF [V.
g>V_ k^ z z >^[, _Vku
D s|, k [[V^.

V>V fl. E[ cV\Bz ]B

W]om kVD (8:1823).
V>: V][ m[ m>^ M Dt]_
kV \\zfl >\BV>_ [ b
[. M_ kB ^^ k| VE
B V A_VD gkV| VmV
[. BM_, EiA >[ B i]V _,
>z DB V|m, \VFz |]
ku, > \VFz m. M_ k
B ^[ \\fl BVymz c^VzD
EiBVm as[ \>]M[ s|>BV
|\[ D >uz V|m. mkzD
_Vfl EiAD sDt k k>|>[
]VD. k^ \V]\_; Zms[ x]
ukVB Vx DxB *VB >kA]
TVmz V]m, \z^ Vm Jfl s|
VD.
fl. V ]B > s][
>VflE (5:111).
V]_: V> [D l
Wul_, ]V ^ >k kVB> zD,
k]_ km V^. Vm BV]_ |
z^ Wu V. *[ k^ wl k
EV>V^. k_ [VB \VB
k , zfl u #]_ > >^D k
|V|, > _ cVm z c>E>V.

ZmVms[ ]Vz [kD

5D QVl
V>V fl. VB ]B W]om
kVD (1 (1 V. 3:815).
tD B\Vk: ^ _VD \
kD, WBVWB x^kD, V>
x^kD, \ cx^kD, V>xD >VflE^k
\Vl^. ^ ][\z ][\ FBV\KD, V
mzfl VtV\KD m>s, >uz ]V ^ g

118

115

ZmVms[ ]Vz [kD

8D QVl

ZmVms[ ]Vz [kD

6D QVl

V>V fl. E[ cV\Bz ]B

W]om kVD (8:1217).

V>V fl. E[ cV\Bz ]B

W]om kVD (6:311).

V>: VD \VDmz uVD szD

VD \VDmz V^ _k. M_ \VDmz
u sBV_, VT^. gV_ QV]V \VD
Ffl VBV_ cl kVT^. BM_,
k^ kB QV>V_ >|VV, k
kB ^^. B ^ ]DD
B>V|B \>][ A]B V\_, V,
>Vk, [ | TV ^zB A]B
uV^. VD kB ^VlVD
[ ZmVmkVk DxB A]z >VE V|
V. B VD ^[V_, >]VVD
VD. >Vkm: kB >]VD, Sm
V>z c[ >]VVD VD.

V>: SmV> V Dt_ QVVD

uk^ _VD kB \]V QVVD
uVD [ BV]SV? >BM_, >Vs[
\\lV SmV> \>Vom cl>>m
V, VxD A]>V sBx^kVF mkDV|
QVV]V (Vkmzfl) VzD kV| VxD
D VD. (gBV_ VD kB \mz
V kV| kkVV_, c>VmzD
kV| >kV k_ k|kVD. M_
Vkfl ZD am, VD M Vkmz \VV>z,
DxB wB \M>[ kV|fl EKkl_ B
V[ ]VD. \>kVkM_ Vk]
M[ (s) ]\VVV[. gBV_ SmV>
V| \>V\V_, SmV>V| VxD sV
\[ skEVD. M_ \>Vom cl>>
SmV> M \\VV[ ]VD. \D M
k g>]_. k \>>V, Vkm [ s
\>V. k s>VkM_, k [ (VD)
sV. k\ D Vkmz \FBVk \y
[D, DxB gkVB SmV>\VFfl
kVk sS[D V^^.

fl. V ]B > s][

>VflE (16:19).
V]_ V> >D zfl V[>Vkm:
nkBkVVB \M>z VB>M>V[. k[ >[
\VB g]Bfl E>>>V \VM]_ k
zm k# V_m. gBV_ \V[ k
kkwm, k V: c[ zm V[ ^s
|>[? c[ sV[ As; M [ V
B>VlVm [V[. Vm VB>[ >
z^ V_oV>Vkm: V[ [ Fk[? [ \V[
sV klM[ [ zV. \ kD

fl. \Vuz ]B > s][

>VflE (8:19)
(8:19).
V]_: ]V ^ k]l_, V|

116

117

k>uz k]_ [t_V>Vm, V> >DxB

wm kz ]Du>Vkm: >
[\_ \Vl[. M_ >V, k^
J[ VVF [M]_ >, c>uz [t_V]
V^. k MBVF T|z sV_,
kal_ Vm VkV^. M_ k_ E #]
om k]V^ [V. >uz kB ^
\\VaBV:
kV>\V s] k[
lm V|km k ]]BV
|D [V^. *D k: c^ k]_ > ^
c[ k , k^: [V^.
Vm k >l_ ]B\ l|,
> D |m [B> >V]fi V_o,
k | \VD >DxB z V|
>V. k^ z \VV^. E E \fl
D k]_ >. kD k gk]m,
\V lV. ^ V| ]]B
>V^. \KD *]BV m| ^ WB |>V
^. Vk^ zB VVlD Vl>V^.
[A k k sV.

V AV|>mV, Vm >>> D
c^ kBk ]z AV|^. M_ ^
Vkmz \Vl> V]_ ]l[ gymz
cV]y^. Vm cz kVl
BV Vm cz k> [ [? k[
x \>V_V. V>VkM_, Vk]M[
s|>BV|fl kz \V]V, c
z V >>xD, xkV W]B sBxD
[m. BM_ Vkmzo \\VD. k
B kV>\V DxB gkVB Sm V>
V W]B sB\Vl[m.

ZmVms[ ]Vz [kD

7D QVl
V>V fl. E[ cV\Bz ]B
W]om kVD (6:1923).
V>: c^ \VD T][ Wt>D \ D
VkBVF >fl V_K[ : x[ ^ \][
\_ \mzD >mzD c^ kBk \

fl. \> ]B > s][

>VflE (7:1521).
V]_ V> >D zfl V[>Vkm:
g|>V V]V| c^] {VF
V c]_ k ^ y>E^ \_ fl
BVl^. kB MV k
T^. x_ ]VwBVkm x|
_ ]wBVkm VV? kV _ \
\_VD _ M V|zD. \\V M
V|zD. _ \D M V|\VVm;
\D _ M V|\VVm. uM VV>
\\_VD k|| Ml V|D. g>V_ k
B MV k T^. [ V
gk, gk [ V_Kk^ _VD \V
VflEB]uz^ kE]_. gV_ \o
[ >Vs[ E>> Wkuk \V VflE
B]_ kEV[.

122

119

ck\Bfl V[V. | \M> D bD >kV

Bmz VV^. k_ k[ B[, \uk[
gBV[. B[ W[V| >z^ >>Vkm:
kV! V[ ] > sVVVB \u \M>
VD, > gBVVD V>>u c\z
>V]fi F[. V[ kV]_ x ] [;
z^ _VkuKD ]VVD Km[ [V[.
gBVV, #]_ W[, >[ x>VF kV> V
cB> mBV\_, >[ \V_ mV|: kV!
VsBVB [_ BVlD [ >V[. k
ks ]\VV >[ T|z ]D VV[
czfl V_K[. M_ >[ cBm kD
>V>|kV[; >[ >Vmk[ cB>|kV[ [V.

z ]l_, flB|D k\Vlm. g

BV_ V[ VB> klM[ >^|DVm, E [
>^ T_ uV^D V[ FBkBm [
>[ k[ [ V_o V|, >[ \VM]_
[k kVkV kkwm, x>Vkm k>
kVm: [ \VM]_ [ k [,
k[: zD F [V[. Vm k[: c[
kV, c cVm, nD> m [V[.
V_ k[ kVk V: c[ [ k ,
k[: V Vm\ [V[. >uz VB>[:
c[ kV, > m [V[. > > V
B>[ sk\VFfl Fm V>u, \V[ k
\flEVV[. M_ fi][ \^ l[
\KD >^ >]l ] skx^kVlV
^. gBV_ V[ czfl V_K[: ^ \\
DVm W]B V_ c uV^Dz
> VV| czfl E>fl DV]m
V^^.

ZmVms[ ]Vz [kD

11D QVl
V>V fl. E[ V]Bz ]B
W]om kVD (1 V. 15:110).
V>: [D V>, V[ cz
s> \D cz >B|m[.
D > uV| ] W]S^. V[
cz > VD ^ > V| >V_,
>V E|T^. _V]>V_, ^ skE>m
TVlzD. V[ BumD cz s\VF
V]>mD >[V_, SmV> k>kVB][ D
xB VkV \m, D|, k> kV
B[ J[VD V^cl>>, x> VBzD
[A ]VzD >BVV. >uz[ k

ZmVms[ ]Vz [kD

9D QVl
V>V fl. E[ V]Bz ]B
W]om kVD (1 V. 10:613).
V>: k^ flE>mV VxD >V>k
flEBV>z k^ \z ]iV>Vfl D
s>. ^ AED zD cVm, sBV
>V^ [ >B k_ EV_
D s gV>VVF VV]^. k_

120

121

E kE>D , V_ m JkVlD
ms>V^. mV VxD kE>D V]
V\V. k E V]mfl V \>V
^. m V VxD SmV>fl V]BV]V\V. k
E xxm, kV aV^.
mV D xxV]^. k_VD k
z ]iV>Vfl Ds>. c][ xV]
o \z k^ BV >[.
gBV_ Wu>V bk[ swV>z VmV^
kVV. \ VkmzB V>BB[ kV[D
cz V]>V. k[ \Vx^k; c^
]Vz \V ^ V]|k>uz k VV.
gV_ ^ V>B >VzD V>BV| kaD
bkV.

ZmVms[ ]Vz [kD

10D QVl

fl. V ]B > s][

>VflE (19:4147).
V]_: V> D *\VF k>Vm,
> Vm, >[ _ s|, kM>>Vkm:
cz > > VVkm c[ \V>Vmz cBk
]>V_V >Vs; gV_ Vm k^
c[ z \kVl[. gBV_ cz VD
kD; Vm c[ mV]^ c[fluKD a k,
c[fl w km, ]KD c[ , c[D,
c[MK^ c[ ^D >\\V, c[M]_
_o[\_ _ Wu sV^. M_ c[fl ] k>
V> BV\u VVF [V. [A k >kVB]_
kEm, ] sukD kVzkD
kB m> >V: [ T| T| [ ]l
>; V > ^ zBV^ [V. \KD
k O]xD >kVB]_ V]mV>V.

V>V fl. E[ V]Bz ]B

W]om kVD (1 V. 12:211).
V>: ^ fiQVMVl>Vm, ^ s
>z, \BV s]uz V
[ ]S^. kB ZmsV
kD: V>zfl VD [ V_\VV[D,
ZmsVB[, V> gk [ kD V_
xBV>[D cz >s[. k s]BV
|; glD ZmkVk k>V[. Kk_KD s]
BV|; glD gk k. FKD s]BV
|; glD _V]KD, _VkuD
^ k. kVkM] ZmkVk k
| k\Vm (Vm) [\V |[m. B
ZmsV kz QV][ kVzD, kz >
ZmsV z>D kVzD, kz >
ZmsV skVxD, kz > Zms
V B|mD kxD, kz uA>fl F
kxD, kz y> kxD, kz
z>D kxD, kz V kxD, kz
V sBVBVfi FD kxD V||m.
l>VKD, kB_VkuD > Zmk
m >\]i kVkzD m V|V.
fl. V ]B > s][
>VflE (18:914).
V]_: > ]\V[[ D, gkV|
\uk EBD k> Ezm k [kD

126

123

ZmVms[ ]Vz [kD

13D QVl

n z ]\V V>z kl_ >

BVV. k_ V^ kl_ clVV^.
EV BM]V^. [A BVzD, >[ z
V>_VzD >BVV. \KD _VzD
El VsBV zD >BVV. V[
V>_VKD tfi EBk[. V>[
[ w|>uz V[ V]kV_. M_ k
B ]flB V[ m[|]k[. gKD VM
zD > _ >k kV>>V_ [. k
B kV>xD [M]_ TVl>]_.

V>V fl. E[ V]Bz ]B

W]om kVD (3:1622).
V>: VxzD kB smzD kVz
>>^ . z>VuV, smz,
[ V_V\_, k z>VuV, c[ smz, [V.
> sm SmV>>V[. g>V_ V[ V_K>Vkm: k
V c] > c[B Vu xm
kmz z cV WBVB\V\Vm >^ kVz
>>> TV\VVm. _V\KD >]\Vm WBVB
\V]V cVV_ m kVz>>>V_ cVlVm.
gV_ k[ > Vxz kVz>>][ J\V
k flF>V. BVV_ WBVB\VD V|
>[? kVz>>D u s>Vm k>D, m
*>oMt>D u|>|fl D\V \]B>[
l Asm. \]B>[ k \]B>_.
kV kVlV. BVV_ WBVB\VD
kB kVz>>mz sV>\V? _k. M_,
sB> BB WBVB\VD V|>
>VV_, ]BVm \FBVk WBVB\V]V_ cV
l]z\. gV_ (kV_) F> kVz>>
\Vm skEkz SmV> uD skV]
V_ >>|DBV k>\Vm _VkuD Vk
mz^ m.
fl. V ]B > s][
>VflE (17:1119).
V]_: V> D z Vl_

fl. \Vuz ]B > s][

>VflE (7:3135).
V]_: V> y[ _ s| A|,
>V[ kaBV >Vo V[ _[ |k
oBV k>V. \BD, s \V
k k x]_ V|km: k >\m B k[
\_ kzD k \[VV^. k ]
om k >MB wmV|VF, kB
sz^ >\m s_D km, ctm k[
VkD >V|, kV> Vm Vm, Jfl
m: >V [ kzfl V[V. >uz ]
| [>\VD. \ kB sD ]
|, k[ Vs[ |D smV, k[ k
BVF EV[. > kzD V_V> kz
lV. glD k k ]\VF k
z lVV, k ]\VF k^
> E>D:
k _VkuD [VFfl
F>V; s D, \B D F>V[
V_o \[ \KD ]BV^.

124

125

ZmVms[ ]Vz [kD

12D QVl

kfl V]>>V: V>, V[ [>fl Fm,

W]B sB> k[ [ , k k V:
k>\V]_ >>[? kV kVE
VF [ V. >uz k[ ]>V\V: c[
>kVB > c[ x >B>V|D c[ x gm
\>V|D, c[ x mkV|D, c[ x\>V|D
EVBV; c[V c[ D EVBV
([ ]lm) [V[. k k V:
BVF ]K>VF; B F; Vm wVF [V.
kV, >[
]\V[ V sD,
V> Vm: [ [ BV [ V[. V>
\\VaBV ]Du>Vkm: \M>[ t
om V z Vl_, ^ l_
V[. k^ kM]o>>B_VD m
V|, k VB|] zulVF s| VV^.
>]_ gVB[ k[ kaBVF kD >m.
gVKD k |, V VFsV[. s>\,
s>D smzfl *\VF km, k |,
\VF sVV[. gV_ kaVV \VB[
k[ k km, k | \t, b,
D ]V xD kVm kB VB
, k >[ kV][\_ u, ]]_
V|VF, k V\>V[. \V^ k[ |
>MB VB |mfl ]Vz V|m:
k sVmV^; ]\VFfl ka]>
B_VD V[ ]DkDVm, cz c>[ [V[.
gBV_ ^ l_ kz > J[ _
k[ Vl>V[ [V. >uz k[: kz >B
F>k [V[. Vm V> k V: D
VF, s>\ F [V.

V>V fl. E[ V]Bz ]B

W]om kVD (2 V. 3:49).
V>: V^ k[ x[V SmV> J\VF
DB VVD. gKD >D
V_ cu]BVkmV V^ VB> W
>uz >z]BVk_. gV_ ^ >z] kV_ cV
lm. k A]B uV|z >z]BV aBV
lzD F>V. mD ]V_, ZmsV
>V[. M_ >Vm V_Km: ZmkV cl >
m. mV_ u_ kB, \> V|
k> (kk>) aB\Vm \VX ^kV
>V_, k[ x][ lMt>D VB_ A] kB
x> |m VV]>V. glD m
amV \\zB>Vl>m. BVV_, Zm
Vmk s aBD kkV ] \\zB>V
lVm? M_ g y V]zD aBD \\
^>VV_, ]B szD aBD kkV ]t
\\^>VlzD!
fl. V ]B > s][
>VflE (10:2337).
V]_ V> >D z V[>Vkm: ^
Vk VbD ^ VBD uk^. M_
y>ED VVD ^ Vk
VD, ^ k D sDl>VKD,
k^ Vt_, t_B[ czfl V_K
[ [V. Vm >V, ]V]BVk[ m,

130

127

VVF V_, >[ >V \B |V[.

kk[ >[ >[ B V]m VkV[.
Vm kz \uk V]V_, >[
>V[ V]V_ \\VzD. M_ kVkD
>[ >[ V>fl \mV^kV[. >[B, k> c>D
k[ >z c>fi Fkz >z^ [\
_ VV. \VDVV>^ k[
|k_. \[ > s>]VV >B V[.
>[ \VD]_ s>k[ \VD]om ak V[.
QV]_ s>k[ QV]om W]B sB>
V[. gBV_ [\ Fk]_ Vm VV]V\V.
M_ VD VmVV]>V_, > V]
BVD. g>V_ \z VtzDV>, _VzD,
s\VF skV z|D>VzD [\ FkV\V.

\VBV, oBV V|[ |k mVV. k {

V\mz^ kEzDVm, ziVVB m
kz ]V km #]_ W[: k, V>! ^
_ \VlD [ c> >\VF V^. k
k : ^ VF, c^ gVBz V
^ [V. k^ VzD V> V>\VV^.
k k[ >V[ V>\V>|, c> >
\VFfl k m]mV| ]Dkm, kB
V>z x[V xzAsm, kz [B>
>V]fi V[V[. k[ \VBVl>V[. V> \
\VaBV: mD V>\VV_V? \u [m
? > WB[ aB kVkD ]Dkm, k
z
m] K>VV\ [ V_o, k V:
m V, c[ skVD c[ E>m [ ]D
uV.

fl. V ]B > s][

>VflE (7:1116).
V]_: V> X\[D mz V
l_, kV| kB D, ]V D
VV^. k m kVKzfl *\VF kl_, >V
>[ >VFz z\VVB k[ \m, kl_ V| k
V[. kV s>kBVl>V^. ]om kz
D kV| k>V^. > k Vm, k^
\_ \t, k Vm: wkVD [ V_o,
VB >VV. >fl \>kV W[V
^. Vm k: kVo, czfl V_K[,
] [V. c, >k[ ]m, cVm >V
V[. k k k[ >VlD As>V. D
B\m, \V y>E \m |s >V[V[D,
^ >\m fl ]>V[D V_ofl
k m]>V^.

ZmVms[ ]Vz [kD

14D QVl
V>V fl. E[ V]Bz ]B
W]om kVD (5:1624).
V>: Zmz u VD mV^^.
Vm \VD fl W ku\V^. BM_
\VDD Zmz sV>\VD, Zm \VDmz
sV>\VD flEm. cz ik^ k
V, k ^ FBV> k^ [V[
sV>\Vl[. ZmsV_ >|SV_,
^ WBVB\Vmz ck_. \VD][ B
^ ]B\Vl[; kVk: sVD, kE>D,

128

129

E, V\sVD, s gV>, _oMBD, ^,

kVzkV>D, V^, ^, kVB^, s^,
]>>^, VF\V^, V^, zk^, BV
^ k x>oBkVD. kfl F
k^ kB VflEB>fl >>mV^ \V
V^ [ x[ V[mV_ VmD czfl V_K
[. Zms[ M^ >[V_: \ [A, >VD,
\V>VD, V\, >BVD, [\>D, A, V>D, skVD,
kV|D, flBD, WuA kVD.
kz sV>\V \Vt_. SmV>B
k^ >^ \VD> >[ mzV|D, fl
V|D EKkl_ ]V^.

x>VF >m k \\lKD k_ [V[

KD c ]_B[ czfl V_K[. g
BV_ [z m Vz | V|D V|
A_Kzfl k[ >[\BVF c c|ms>V_, u
skVx^k, cz kkV ]\VF c
c|msV? g>V_ [> cVD _m [>
zVD _m > c|]V^kVD [ k
V]^. M_ k_VkuD fiQVM
>|V^. c^ >VkVkVk[V_ k_VD
cz kBk[ kV. gBV_ k
B VEB>D kB ]BD x>x>
>|^. Vm k^ _VD czfl m
V||D.

fl. \> ]B > s][

>VflE (6:2433).
V]_ V> >D zfl V[>Vkm:
kVVKD | \V[z aBfi FBVm.
M_ k m, \uVk EV[, _m
kfl VmV| \uVk AV[. k
z ]sB]uzD aBfi FB cV_ Vm. g>V_
V[ czfl V_K>Vkm: c^ cl w >
cV\[D, c^ c J > c|] V^kV
\[D \VlV>^. cks clD cBs
cKD \[\BV>_kV? gVB E V V
^; k^ s>mt_, mt_, fiEB
_ zsmt_. gKD k c^ \ >V
Vm kV. kKD ^ tD \[\^
k^ _kV? \KD BVEm k|k]V_ >[
cBmz xwD c_ kV |D? [D
cV ^ k|kV[? kB_ kK^ o
Ai^ k>[ kMm V^. k^
cwmt_, umt_. glD V\V[

ZmVms[ ]Vz [kD

15D QVl
V>V fl. E[ V]Bz ]B
W]om kVD (5:2526; 6:110).
V>: VD ZmsV_ sV\V_,
Zmu kVD. T \\B sDV
\KD, kVk VJV\KD, k\Vk
VV\ V^V\KD kVD. V>,
\M>[ WBV\_ BV>V zu]_ V_, QVkV[
VB ^ V>z>V| kz A]
V_K^. gV_ V>l_ D V>z c[
\_ bVl. k V> k \m V^
^. s>\VF SmV>B B Wku
T^. gKD k[ >V[ [t_V]l >[

134

131

[ w], kz k z\VVl>?
[V. >uz \\VaBV kD kz kV>fi
V_t_. mx>_ k ^s k
mBt_.

ZmVms[ ]Vz [kD

16D QVl

ZmVms[ ]Vz [kD

18D QVl
V>V fl. E[ V]Bz ]B
W]om kVD (1 V. 1:48).
V>: cz SmV> kaBVF
>kV>]Mt>D c^ V [ >kz
BV> >V]D b[. M_ SmV>
uB VEBD cz^ ]|>B, ^
k]_ _V kVB]KD _V sKD, [D
\u_VkuKD nkBVS^. s>\V,
\m gkVB SmV> k|k>uz ]V
] cz > kV>]KD BV>V zt_.
gBV_ \m gkVB SmV> kD V ^
zut_V>kVlzD k c E\|D
]|mkV.
fl. \> ]B > s][
>VflE (9:18).
V]_: V> m >\m
mz k>V. |l_ > ]tkV>
V k x]_ V|k>V^. V> k
B skV> |, ]tkV>V V: \,

V>V fl. E[ EBz ]B

W]om kVD (3:1321).
V>: c^ Wt>D V[ s m[ c
]kV_ ^ Vm VV]zD c \[V|
[. k^ cz \\BVl[m. m VB
][ Wt>D \m gkVB SmV>B >Vs[
x[V V[ xw>Vl|, V]KD, V]K
x^ s> >Vmk V\mzD uVB kD
V]>Vkm: ^ kB ZmsV_ c^
\M>V k_\BV_ D, skV]V Sm
V> c^ >B_ kVD D, ^ \ [_
k[ Wu, (> [[) sVD, D, cBD,
gwD [>[ flEkV| D
Vs cD, V>>VB SmsB [
mV^ k_kVD, B k D
>VKD WBD, k >DxB \\l[ ]sBz
> cz > k|\[ V][.
\z^ xBuEBVl >\m k_>V|, VD
>uzD, bk>uzD tD ]\VFfl >D FB
k_\^kVB kz ]fll_ SmV> J
\VF >x >xVfl >VVKD >V]D
cVkm. g\[.
fl. V ]B > s][
>VflE (14:111).
V]_: {FV V> B_
>kVB kB T_ D Vl>Vm

132

133

( >k^) k \_ V\Vl>V^.
Vm \V> sBV]B>V \[ kz x[V
>V[. V> ]V]D BD V:
{F V \VV\V [ V. >uz k^
V]>V^. k k BV_ mfl \V,
V. [D k kVm: c_ BV>V
kB >BVkm >Vkm u_ s>V_, {F
VVVKD c > kB msV]VV? [V.
>uz k^ ]_ V_\VV\o>V^. V_ s
mz wk^ x>_ g >m
V^V[ k Vm, kzfl V[ ck\
BVkm: oBVmz wzDVm, ]l_ x>[
\BV ]_ cVV>; M_ c[MKD ] kV[
k kV_ wVD. Vm c[ D
kD w>k[ c[M]_ km: kz > >
V| [ V_KDBVlzD. Vm k >V|
EBV ]uz VkVF.
gV_ w
zDVm, EBV ]_ VF cV]; Vm
c[ w>k[ km c[ V: E>, \V
mz kVD [ V_, c[V| ]lo
kz x[V m cz \\BVlzD. M_
>[ cBmk[ >V>|kV[; >[ >Vmk
V cB>|kV[ [V.

c |V^k>>M_: ^ w
wAz BVB\VF m, s> >VflEBV|D, V>
>V|D, V\BV|D, kVk \ [V| >V
V|, \V>V >]_ \ u\B V>
BVF VVuV^^. cz cV wV_
Dz ^ wm V, cz
ZxD, gm\xD c|. gkD, skV
xD, QVVxD c|. zD >kD >V\Vk
k. k _VzD \VF, _VkuKD, D\_
Vz^D k. k >V VmzD gk]
k. g\[.

ZmVms[ ]Vz [kD

17D QVl
V>V fl. E[ EBz ]B
W]om kVD (4:16).
V>: gk zm |kVB V[

fl. \> ]B > s][

>VflE (22:3446).
V]_: B V>D k>V^. k
_ ] V]BV k[ kfl V]zDBV: V>
, k>\V]_ >V u mk[ V[.
V> k V: c[ >kVB >Vk c[ x
>B>V|D, c[ x gm\>V|D, c[ x \>V|D
EVBV. mk _V]KD mD x>[\\V
u. >uz Vl VD u [k[
V_, c[ c[V_ EVBV [>. >
| uKD k>\V x\D y>
D l[ [V. [A B ll_
V> k V >Vkm: SmV>
zm cz >V[m [? k BVB z\V[?
[ , k^: >VT][ z\V[ [V^. >uz k:
BVV_ >VT>[k ZmVms[ kV_ k
gk[ w>? VD cDxB m
c\m V>z \BV V|\|D, \m km V]_
cV\[ gk [ gkz ]DuV[
V_olV. gBV_ >VT>[k k >[ gk

138

135

]V[ [V. > \M>[ V> >zfl V[

kV>B D VV[. k[ Vl_, kB
aB kz ]V|km: cDxB z\V[ w
]V[ [ s>V^. Vm k[: ]_
kz sBV] z\V>[ k]_ sV,
k^: u \z VFfl_ k s| m
[V^. c[ \[ w]V[ V> >zfl
V[ D m>V[ [ >[ m kD k[
TVkD skE>V^.

DBVl, c[ Vk^ cz V [
]DuV. c k>V_ E: k >k#fi
V_KV[ >^ c^]_ V_o VV^.
V> kB W m V[>Vkm:
^ [ c^ >B ym WS^? c[ Vk^
cz V [>V, _m ]m [
>V, m ] m? gV_ tl Vk V
\\z k_\[ ^ mV^Dz,
>V ]tkV>V V k V[>Vkm:
]m c[ |mV| c[ T|z V [V.
kD m >[ T|z VV[. > ^
]m, \M>z k_\B >>
k >V>>V^.

ZmVms[ ]Vz [kD

21D QVl
V>V fl. E[ EBz ]B
W]om kVD (6:1017).
V>: >]KD, kB k k_
]lKD ]V^^. ^ VE[ >] uz
]m Wu ]V^kVF zDzfl k
B VV> mV^^. M_ \z^
VVD \VD>V|D, >>V|\_; m >
V|D k_\V|D > >V cV]]V|D,
gV\K^ \ V|D VD VV
klm. >Mt>D V_V> V k
]m WuD, _V VBKD, ^ c>\VF
WWuD ]V^kVlzDzfl kB
VV> |mV^^. g>V_ W\BVF
W[, ]B]_ c^ B km|^; ]l[ \V
k> |V^^. \V>V smz gB>\V
V>B c^ V__ >V|mV^^. V|

ZmVms[ ]Vz [kD

19D QVl
V>V fl. E[ EBz ]B
W]om kVD (4:2328).
V>: c^ \]_ A]>V QVxBk
V, ]lKD, c\BV >>]KD kB
VBVfl Ei Am\M> >mV^^.
[D VD kVk kBkVlBV_,
VFB >^, c_ kVkD >^ V|
c\B TV. (V]_) VkD kV\_ V
^.
c^ V][\_ B[ >tV]
km. Vz VV]^. ]k>k[ M ]V
]VV; ||kz V| k^kV
lzD k[ >[ V \V k Fm,
BV|> D.

136

137

fl. \> ]B > s][

>VflE (22:114).

ZmVms[ ]Vz [kD

20D QVl

V]_: V> >V zzD BzD

ck\V E ]Du>Vkm: V VflEB
\Vm >[ z\Vz oBVfiF> { Vz V
l[m. oBVmz wk |D
, k[ >[ aB V[. kV k \t_V
]>V^. *D k[ k aB : >V, [
s> gB>D [. [ mD V k>
mD [. _V >BVVlu, oBV
mz kV[ wkzfl V_K^
[V[. gV_ k^ > EBD, k[ >[ V\
mzD, k[ >[ sBVVmzD VFsV^. \uk
V kB aB m k\V|] V[
VV^. [ > ^s| V\m >[
Vbk> , > VV>fl m, k
B >D >V[. Vm k[ >[
aB Vmfl V[>Vkm: oBV sm gB>\V
lm. wkV V]VV^. gBV_
^ kafl] VF, ^ V BVkD oBV
smz wmV| kV^ [V[. B aB
A|,T]^>VD VF, ] _k^ V_V>
k^ _V V| k>V^. oBVVD
]B\>kV_ W>m. ]B\>k VzD
, [ c^ kE>Vm, oBV k]D
BV> k |: E>! oBV k]t[,
kE>VF? [ , k[ \\V
l>V[. Vm [ sV V: kB
V_ , k kB >^^.
D uAD cVlzD [V[. M_
wk^ , >mV^kV
Vu [ ]DuV.

V>V fl. E[ EBz ]B

W]om kVD (5:1521).
V>: ^ k V>BVF k|
\[ VmV^^. A]XV_ kV\_, VD
|VlBV_, V V> *|, QVM
V_ ^. gBV_ ^ \]BukVlV\_, k
B E>D [>[ cmV^^.
V\
sVmz mkV \mV>V_ VV^V]^.
gV_ ZmVmsV_ W|, >KD,
>KD, QVV|KD cz^ DVm,
c^ >B_ gkz >D >D
V|^. _VVD DxB gkVB
SmV>B V\]V >VkVB kz
sV\_ [B> >V]D, SmV>B
B]_ kVk V.
fl. ]B > s][
>VflE (4:4653).
V]_: Eu[ >V[. kB \[
VD sBV]BVl>V[. V> R>BVsom
oBVz kV[ > \[ ^s,
k]uz VF, k km >[ z\V z\V k|
\[ \[VV[. M_ k[ V>V[. Vm
V> k V: ^ uA>D gflBD
VVaB, skE\V^ [ V_, >fl Eu[
k V: kVt, [ \[ V>uz x[ kk|D
[V[. V> k V: VVD, c[ \[ w

142

139

x V[m V_, VmD BV| V_K

[. V\ kz ]; kl kz >FkD;
kz \\ kB k\V\. k^
VBfl E]V^. \m fiV\V V]o
[m. lm DxB gkVB Sm
k[D kkV[ ]V]VD. k
>D >\z |]V^k>uz k_\^ >\m
Bo[B, >V\BV \m Z> >\m \\ >V
Z][ VBV, \\VzkV. gBV_ z \V BxD
kVfix^ V>, [ >V\, [ Z\, tD
B\Vk, B gk]_ W]^.
kV]BVD. E]BVD gkz^ \>Vl
\[V |V^[. m c\BV VB,
D kz c>sBVlzD cD\ \[V|[.
k^ \>[kV|D, z c>s F> \uk
V|D s>u [V cw>k^.
k_VB V\D sB A>]_ >
[.

VBV[ FD MBV]B_VD smV|

k>uz k_kVlzDz _V VBKD skV
B> mV^^. B][ >flV
kD, >k kVB\VB QVkVD |m V^^.

fl. \> ]B > s][

>VflE (9:1826).
V]_: V> k ]D E V
l_, >V ]]BVk[ b k \m:
gk, [ z\V] V> \>V^. glD >kZ
km, c\m > k^\_ k>D. kD wV^
[V[. Vm V> m >\m V| k[
VV. Vm >V [M| k\VF D
V|^kV ]Z k Bb kB k]][
sD >VV^. M_: V[ kB k]>
\V] >V|kV_ B\Vk[ >z^ V_o
VV^. gV_ V> ]D Vm k |:

fl. \> ]B > s][

>VflE (18:2335).
V]_: V> >D z > ck\Bfl
V[V: V VflEB\Vm >[ aB]_ z
k|\[> {z m.
k[ z mkVm, ]VlD >m kM
]_ [> k[ kz x[V V|
kV[. gV_ fl K> kz WkVt_V
\BV_, kB \V[ kD, k[ V] ^
D, kzV BVkuD su fl K>
lV[. Vm, > aB[ k[ V>]
sm, k V: [_ V\BVlD, _V
kuD c\zfl K]s|[ [ \[VV[. g
BV_, \V[ > aB[\_ \t kD s|>
BV, k[ D kz \[MmsV[.
l, > aB[ kB A|VF >[M
]_ >MB [> >[ caB_ k
|, k[ \[B m m, V|
[V[. Vm kB caB[ k[ Vo sm
k \[V: [_ V\BVl; cz _Vku
D V|m ymV|[ [V[. gV_ k[
D\]BV\_, VF, k[ >[ yz\D kfl
EflVl V|s>V[. kB \u ca
B^ >k |, tD m| >^ \V
M]_ km, >>_VkuD s>V^. c
kB \V[ k kkwm: mi aB,
[ \[V]V, c[ _VD cz \[M>.

140

141

gBV_, V[ cz mV D c[ caBz
kV\V? [ V_o, kB \V[ Vm,
k[ B_VD KmD kl_ cV]k^
l_ k As>V[. gBV_ cKD kk[ >[
V>z c^ x >B>V| \[MBVsV_, [
\ >VD cz k\ FkV.

fl. \> ]B > s][

>VflE (22:1521).

ZmVms[ ]Vz [kD

22D QVl
V>V fl. E[ oBz ]B
W]om kVD (1:611).
V>: cz^ > uBB mkk
Sms[ V^kl_ > xuxB mkV
[ DA[. c^ _V zm V[
u>Vlm WBVB\Vl[m.
M_ [ |
KD, V[ smV c]kV>fi V_o > c]
|mk]KD, ^ _VD [ >Vmz V
VlS[ c [ >B]_ k]
[. B SmV>B c^]_ V[ c^
_VKD kkV kVfiBVl[>u
zfl k zfl VEBVlV. gBV_ c^
[Vm sKD, _V csKD [D ]\VF
D, s>\VF ^ ] \Vk z
>mV^D, SmV>B V^ kzD { zux
t[ \^kVlD, kz \\D,
>V]xD cVzDz ^ Sms[ J
\VF ]l[ MV_ W>kVlD k|\[
V][.

V]_: B VF V> flE (zuD)

k|\[ gV Fm, >^
D V]BD k]fl V_Ks>>Vkm: V>
! ]Bk>[D, kB B c^B
V]S[D, \M>B >VBD VV>kV
BV_ kfi V>k[D ]
VD. gBV_ V VBz k K> >z\V, >V>V?
c\z >V[>[? zfl V_KD [V^.
V>V kB m\>Bm, ^QVM,
^ [fl V]V[? k> z V
[ V_, k^ >MB [ > |m
kz V>V^. Vm V>: > xD,
\mD BVB>[ k V. >uz
k^: VBm [V^. Vm V>:
BVV_ VBkfl VzD, kB
kfl kzD Km^ [V.

ZmVms[ ]Vz [kD

23D QVl
V>V fl. E[ oBz ]B
W]om kVD (3:1721; 4:13).
V>: ^ [ [ukVlm,
[M]_ ^ \V] k
[_K^. M_, SmV>B EKkz k
V k^ [ x[ V[ cz

143

VII

kE ]V^
fl. kBV ]V^ (D 3)
V>V fl. E[ cV\Bz ]B
W]om kVD (10:1018).
V>: ]B B >B>V_ skEVD.
B\B kVBV_ l|VD. B k
skE kD kV\VV[ [ k>kVBfi
V_Km. R>[D, [D s]BVt_.
[V_ _VzD gk k: k >D\ \[V
| BVk \KD nkB D[VlV. gBV_
gkB V\> \[V| kD E|kV[.
gKD >V^ skEBV>k \[V|kV^? >V^
^sV>k skEV^?
k[
_V sV_, ^s|kV^? VsV_,
V^? >uB \V>V s
>D, [\l[ s>D skB
V>^ kkV wVl[ [ >
[m. glD _VD smz ]_.
M_ m sB\VF BV [k: gk,
|, skE>k[ BV [V. g>V_ skV\Vm
^sBV_ kD; ^sBV, SmV>B kVB>V_
gm. gV_ k^ ^ss_BV [
[? ^sV^. c\zD kB >xD,
\][ E _kl_ kB kV>
D [>_V?

\ DBVl, c[ skVD c[fl B\V

>[V. x>_ > ]Z B\Vl>V^.
V> > ]]lB Tu >Vm >V m
kD zD |, V^.
M_ flE Vs_, W] FV[V.
gV_ k^ k >V^. zD kB >^ [,
k c^ kEm kB > k E
]>V^. > ] VzD s >V\Vlu.

ZmVms[ ]Vz [kD

24D QVl
V>V fl. E[ VVEBz ]B
W]om kVD (1:914).
V>: VD > ^s V^x>_
sV\_ cV fiFm, _V QV>V|D, Z
ms[ sk>V|D, kB E>> D sV_
^ WD, s> uBVB >m,
k D s_ km, ]KD kz
B|, kz BVB\V s>\VF m V^D,
kB >V k_\u s> AB]KD
|>|, >V>V|B V\lKD, B
V>]KD mkD cV V]m kVD.
>V l_ flEBEikB >>]_
k>uz D\ >z]^kV >VkVB kz
[B> >V]fi KmVD. k >V][ k_
\lM[ D\ s|>BV, >\m [A^ z\VB
VflEB]_ mVV. kB >][ J\VF
VD kz^ VkV>VB * ]VD.

144

145

fl. \> ]B > s][

>VflE (24:1535).

BV|D kk> VV^. Vm k >DxB #>

V >VMBV| AkV. k^ kV][
\_xx>_, x kl_, V[z ]Ktm
kV_ >mV^k flV^.
]\]M[ { ck\B uV^^. ]_
m |, ^ >wzDVm, VVD *
\Vlu[ ]S^. k\, D k
_VkuD VbDVm, k *\VF kV
k]V[ mV^^. kB_VD
>\D, >fl >] amVk]_B[ \F
BVk czfl V_K[. kVxD tD am

V]_: V> >D zfl V[>Vkm:

>VMB_ y>EBV_ kM kAzB V\Vm
]>]_ Wu VbDVm, kVEk[ ckV[.
Vm R>BV Vok^, \z { V
kVV. tB]_ kD >[ Tom >
BVKD |zD V]VV. kBookD >[
k]> |zD ]DV]VV. V_ uk]
zD, V|kzD nBV |! g>V_ ^ {
Vkm \VV]Vkm {FVVkm V>z V
]mV^^. M_, Vm tz> c]kx
VzD. s> c]kD cxV V^x>_ V^\|D
>mt_. M Vmt_. > V^
zVVaB, > \VDxD w\VVm. glD
>m V^kMt>D > V^ z|D.
V]_, >V SmV> lV, _m
lV [ BVVkm czfl V[V_ skEBV>
^. M_ ^ SmD, ^ y>ED
D |\V_ >mV^k x>VF kfiEzD
BV B BVD uA>D FkV
^. >V, x[>V cz s>[. g>V_, >V, k
kV>]oV [ V[VKD kB AV
]^. >V, T|z^lV [VKD, skEBV>
^. M_ t[Vm w_ >V[, \uz \V
VEm BV, B \\B ktzD.
D BV B zD km|D. V[
c]Bmz [A, c B[ , ][ >[V
VV], ]D kV]M[ sw, kV][ k_
\^ ]D. Vm \\B BV\Vm
kV]_ V|D; tlK^ V] D AD,
\\[ kV \[\_ tz> k_>V|D \\

150

147

skVEBVF [ ]DuV. >V\BV kz

\\VaBV: [ gk, [ >k [V. V>
k V: >V\V, [ ]V_V skE
>VF. VV]mD, skE>k^ VBkV[^ [V.

fl. \Vuz ]B > s][

>VflE (16:1518).

fl. \VE_V zw>^ ]V^

(D 28)
V>V fl. ]B
VEBV\]om kVD (14:15).
V_: V[ >>M_: >V, BV[ \
l[\_ D\AkBVk W[V. kV >^
u_ kB V\xD kB >Vs[ V\xD
>> m Vum VVlD D W[V^.
Vm D k^][ flD >
xw>D V[ { >D kV]om ]
[. V[ >fl >D \V >^ \
kVE {B Vo>m. k^ EV
]uz x[VD V[z kmzD kBV]zD
x[VD
{
AmV
VV>V^.
> V tlom *|V^ m
Vum VVlD >s kkD VV\o>m.
]ZV|
>
>|>V>k^
k;
M_ k^ [MB^. D\ AkBVk VzD
^>VD k [_Kk^ k. k
^ kzD, D\AkBVkzD x>u
V \M>om *| V^k^. kB
kVl VF V]_: k^ kB
EV]uz x[V \VukVlV^.

V]_: V> >D z ]Du>Vkm:

^ c\zDVF, _Vfl EizD s>
^. skEm, QVVD k[ B
\kV[, skEBV>kV g ykl|kV[.
\KD skEk >VmkD uA>Vk:
[ V\]V_ F mmkV^, >\V V
kV^. VDA m #zkV^. Vm
kV BV>V[ VfiF>VKD, m kz V_
VA FBVm. VBV[\_ , k^
B\kV^ [V.

>k\V>V [\ Vkt_V\_
cus> ]V^. (D 8).
QVV\]om kVD (w. 8:2235).
gk >\m ka_ mk]B, g]l_
BV>V[D cVzx[ [fl >>]>V.
k_ t cVzx[\ W]B >V| V[ u|
>[[. V>V^ [D s_;V[
uk >>[; u^ [xD
As_. Vfl \^ k>D [xD cV
s_; z[z x[\ V[ >[.
[xD V>D, sD, fl][ mk
D (>k[) cVs_. k kV\fl
E>fi Fl_ V[ s>[; k WflB\V
>VKD k>VKD V>Vfl u lKD, k

148

149

\ kV> c]|], WBV W]

klKD.
x]]uz VB >[ _
B V> ]uzfl > klKD, tl[
]kV W]|lKD, kV|>V >fi
|] kmV>[; ]>Vfi >Vm
V|D, VmD k x[V sBVV|D,
k cV]KD sBVV|D (>[); [ >V
\V \\[ >BVD. gBV_ Vm [
\! zfl sV|^; [ ka Vk
kV k^ VBVo^. [ B |
QVMVl^; > m >^sVy^. V[ V_
k> |, VVD [ kV sa]m, [
> W kMmVk VBkV[.
[ |]kkV k[ sB> |
V[; gk]_ ED uV^kV[.

fl. >V\BV ]V^

(D 21)

fl. V ]B > s][

>VflE (1:2628).
V]_ B_ [D >k#>[ oBV
VK^ #zfl kV_ |, >VT][
V]>VVB B [ { \M>z
skV >\V { [Ml]_ k>V. > [M
l[ B \BD\V^.
>k#>[ k> ]_
kEm: B>>]V \Vk kV! >
cDx;
]Zz^ gk]k^
[V.

V>V fl. E[ EBz ]B

W]om kVD (2:1922).
V>: gBV_ ^ M WBD, >E
\VlV\_, >kV[B >VD, kB
TV\Vlm, V>^, y>E^
]kV][ \_ kVlS^. >uz
Sm V> >V\ g] J_VlV.
k
\_ _V xD gkB >
>kVB\V DAm. k_ D ZmVms
V_ kB kV>\Vfl m
kVF S^.
fl. ]B > s][
>VflE (20:2429).
V]_: V> k>Vm [Mk_ kVB
]yD [| >V\BV kV| s_.
gBV_ \u ^: kVtB V\[ kzfl
V[Vm, k: V[ kB g^
> mkV>D |, g^ > [
sD s|, kB sVs_ [ BD V
VaB V[ skE \V[ [ kzfl V[V.
| Vz [, \D kB ^ T|
z^ l_ kV| >V\BVD >V.
Vm >^ l, V> km, |s_ W[:
czfl \V>VD cVk>V [V. [D k
>V\BV V: c[ s |, [
V, c[ B [ sVs k, skVEBVF V\_,

154

151

{ \M>z skV >\V { [Ml]_ k>V.

> [Ml[ B \BD\V^. >k#>[ k>
]_ kEm: B>>]V \Vk kV!
> cDx; ]Zz^ gk]k^
[V. > k^ \V]]_, kB kV>
lV_ , > \D >[\BV>V [ BV
BVll_,>k#>[ k V: \B!
fikVD, M_ kM]_ u
S. >V, c\m c>]_ u>m, { z\V
T; kz [D V\fi |T [V.

fl. \> ]B > s][

>VflE (2:1318).

fl. B ]V^ (\Vfl 19)

QVV\]om

kVD (k. 45:16).

kzD, \M>zD Bk \VX[

k; kB QV VVm. >B
\\l_ kfl \V\VV; mV]B B]_
k \\|]V; >\m kV>V_ V>V
VB V. x[V k \\|]V,
>\m z x[V kz u>V; kz
>\m \\B V>V. skV]KD, V>z]KD
k >VV; \M>]M[ k >m
VV. kzfl sV|>V; k k|>
V; k \]uz^ VV. z x[V
kz V|>V; sB]BD,
> lBfi > >m, >\m c[B
BVVAzD, >\m y\V VBKzD V]zD
V|>V.

V]_: gkB #>[ Bz W]

l_ >V[: , ]m, zw>BD >[ >VB
D wmV| m >mz {VF V[
c\zfl V_K>D lD.
M_ ^
B V_Kk>uz V>[ > >|D |D [V.
k sa>m, ^BD >[ >VBD s_
V|, m >]uzVF, V>[ Vz
\|D >V. s>\VF m >]om
[ z\V w>[
y>EBV_ gk
V[m WkDBVlu. Vm V>[ V]
V]V_ >V[ F>V m, kzkVFfl Em,
g V]V]tm >V[ m
V V][ tKD >[ uA
zD | VBx>_ >uz g zw>
V|]V[. Vm tBV y>E
BV_ \VaBm Wku. >Vkm: V\V _ z_
>xD D DADKD m. V_
>[ ^Mt>D m, k^ _V>]V_ g>_
kV\[>V^ [>VD.

] ]V^ (k 2)
\VBV g\]om kVD (3:14).
gkVB k[ V_K>Vkm: >V VD D
#> AkVD; k[ D JD ka> x]Afl
FkV[; ^ >|kD gEk\VB c[l[
#>V kV]mk \ >D gBD km k; >V

152

153

k[ fl [ gk Vu[. kB
kl[ QV[ m c k_k[ k[? kB
(\\fl [>) VE> >V WuV[ k[? k
(cV) czD D V|V[ A_D
. k k^B cfl ] FB cV]; s
\fl ]m, (k>) DVKD k^ VKD
k At|k; kV gkz ]l[B o
Wk>fi Fm kkV^. R>VBD xBD
oBVm x] ]B> VKD B V]B>
VKD gkz ]BVlzD.

]V|, k >V>m kM>>Vkm: g

k! cDxB kVB][B cDxB >V Vm
\V>V>V| V s|T; M_ >kZ
zD x[V u|] cDxB E [B
^ |V. (m) AV] VE
BVD, c\m \VB VBz \\BVD
m [V.

fl. V ]B > s][

>VflE (2:2232).
V]_: \VXB WBVB \V][
\BVlB ] V^ WkVm, k
xz V| VV^. M_ >Vl[ B
]m zD g_VD gkz \V
>[, >B WBVB\V] ]l
, k > x]_ AV|D, V V|
AVBVkm, | \VAV zfiBVkm oBVfl
K>k|\[, >B \V]_ ]l
FBD (k xz V| V kB>V
l>m.) Vm, >V t_ E\BV[ [D
B^ { \M> >V. > \M> ]\V\VF, B
]Bk\VF, VBo[ >uz ]V]
k\VF >V. ZmVmkVkD k]_
>V. [D, >VD gkB Smk V>uz
x[ Vk V]_B[ k ZmVm
sV_ kVz u>V. l, k ZmVm
s[ kV_ >kVBmz k>V. zw>BVB V>
V k>x\ Fk>uz kB >V \V>V k
c^ V|kDVm, k >DxB _ k

m \V>V ]V^ (k 11)

V>V fl. ]B
VEBV\]om kVD (11:19; 12:1,10).
Vm V] kB gBD ]
m.
kB gB] kB c[
D >V[m.
c t[_D, zx_D,
tB]flED, _\wD cVlu.
[D
kV] B BVD Vm; >Vkm:
]Z B gBV ]>V^. kBV>[
]D, kB EE[\_ [M ]^
{ ZxD >m. Vm kV] fi
>xV: Vm EAD, k_\D, \m k
B VflEBxD, kB Sms[ ]VxD
cVlm [ V_ [.
fl. V ]B > s][
>VflE (1:2631).
V]_: gVD \V>], B_ [D >k
#>[ oBV VK^ #zfl kV_
|, >VT][ V]>VVB B [

158

155

fl. VB, E[ ]V^

(h[ 29)

fl. \> ]B > s][

>VflE (1:1821).

V> lom kVD (12:111).

V_: V>[ ]flBV_ E m[
|> >|, B V>V BV
kVV_ V>V[. m R>z B\Vl>[
m VBD uV[. Vm ABV>
VVl>m. k mfl EflV
l_ V|sm, VV z z k z
x[ kBuV\[ ], k VzD kVK
B VK kzAfl kz As>V[. B
VB EflVl_ Vl_, kV
sV\_ k V D mk>m.
l, Vm k kBuVD [zDVm, >
V]l VB | oV_ ||, |
k |s_ W] FmV>V. kVKzx[
VkuVD EB Vm V>V^. Vm
>V gkB #>[ km Wu, >fl Vkl_
{ VD mu.
k VB sVs >:
\VF ] [ V_o k V. c kB
M[ o^ w s>. [D >k#>[ k
V: c[ flB kmV|, c[ V>D
>V|mV^ [V. kD B F>V. [D k
k V: c[ k]>D V]V| [ kV
[V. s>\ k A|, k [>V>V.
glD >k#>V_ FBm \FB[ k BV\_,
>V[ > V>V V>V. k^
x>_ VkD VD VkD m, mz
V (kVo[) A>kl_ km k, m >VVF
kz ]m. kaBVF k^ k|,

V>B >VBVVB \BD\V^ B[kz

]\kVBVll_ k^ lzx[, k^
ZmVmsV_ uk]BV VV^. gV_
kB >VkVB B[k ]\VVl>]VKD
k VV| \t_V>]VKD EB]_ k
s >Vl>V. ku k BVEm
Vl_, >V gkB #>[ W]l_
kz >V[fl V[>Vkm: B, >VT][ z\V,
c\m \sBVB \BD\V m V^ fi
kVD. M_ kD cV uD ZmVm
sV_ glu. k^ z\V kV^. kz
[D V\D |T; M_ k >\m > kB
VkM[ EV.

>VaV fl. B ]V^ (\ 1)

V>V fl. E[ VVEBz ]B
W]om kVD (3:1415, 17, 2324.).
V>: c>\>][ >\VB \ [
V^. SmV>B \V>VD c^ >B_
>V A V^|D. >uVk ^ Z\V
wS^. >uV [B]^. kV>l
VVkm BlVVkm ^ >>fl F>VKD, k
B_VD gkVB Sms[ V\]V Fm, k
J\VF >VkVB kz [B> >V]D
b^. ^ >fl F>VKD, \M>[ FBV\_,
gk[ \k\VFfl F^. gk]_

156

157

>]][ DVkB uV^T[ m,

SmV>z aBfiF^.

]|V^, V^ gk]VD. m[
|mV^, V^ mV^VD. #
V^. V^ V]VD. V^ klKD V^
][ zVD, aV\VVD. c
k|mDz V[ > >s_. gV_ z
tD B\V ^V D gkVB Sm
s_ cz A] V_K[.

fl. \> ]B > s][

>VflE (13:5458).
V]_: V> >DxB B>mz km,
kB gB] V]mV| k>V.
k^ gflB|fl V[>Vkm: > QVxD uA>
FD kz k>>? k >flB z\V
_kV? kB >VBV \BD\V_kV? BVVAD, BV
AD, \VD, R>VD kB V>_kV? kB
V>^ BVkD \m |soV_kV? l,
kz kB_VD lm cVlu? [ V_o,
k \_ _V^. V>VkM_ k
V: >[ B VKD, B TK >s \\BBV>
y>El_ [V. g>V_ kB skV]
Mt>D k tz> uA>fl FBs_..

fl. >VMBV ]V^ (h[ 13)

V>V fl. E[ V]Bz ]B
W]om kVD (1 V. 4:914).
V>: V^ cmzD D\zD \M>
zD kBVVD. V^ SmV>u ]B
VVVD. V SmV>]_ skV^; V^
T, ^ kV[^; ^ \Vk^, V^
wVk^. D kzD ED >VxD OsVD.
WkVVD, z|kVD, _o\ukV
D VD. ^ V cwm V||VD.

fl. V ]B > s][

>VflE (12:3540).
V]_ V> >D zfl V[>Vkm:
c^ ^ km D, y^ c^
_ km. >^ \V[ km >|DVm,
c kz ]zDBV k oBV]M[
Vm ]DAkV[ V] \M>z ^
Vl T^. \V[ kDVm, sa]k V
V| aB VBkV[^; k >\m B km
, k ]B\flFm, k_ kVk]KD
VF kz \VkV[ c\BVk czfl
V_K[. k Vfi V\]_ k>VKD, J[Vfi
V\]_ k>VKD, k\ VVV_, aB
VBkV[^. _V\KD, ][ [kl_ kkV
[ T\V[ ]>V_, >\ sa]m, >[
T [tkVV[ mV^^. B,
D gB>\Vl^. [V_ ^ WBV> kl_
\\[ kkV.

162
VBo[ g>D ; D l[ \D B.
fl. V ]B > s][
>VflE (1:4150).
V]_: o>D\V^ ZmVmsV_ W
|, c> >\VF |fl V[>Vkm: ]Zz^
gk]k^ ! cDxB klu[ MD gk]
>V\. [ gkB >VBV [M]_ >k
z >>? >V, kV] >D [ V]_
s>, [ kluK^ ^ V_ m^u.
[D skE>kVB VBk]: M_ gkV_
c\z kMk^ WkD [V^. Vm
\BD\V^ kM>>Vkm: [ gm\\Vm gk \\
|m[m; [ B\VB kM]_ [ \xD
g>\VF D \[m; M_ >\m \BVk
B >V\B VV>V| V>V. gBV_
>V, Vx>_ _V >xD [ VBk]
[V^. M_ k_tk \^k [M
]_ F>V; kB V\D >x^m. kB
D >x >xBV kz Bm k^
\o[m.

\BVl[ \Vu >B ]V^

(g 22)
QVV\]om kVD (k. 24:2331).
x]fl V kVl[ > TflF>[;
[B AiV \lBD, BVB>
BD, M^. B ]BD, B]BD, s

159
{ T]| mVl_, >VuV_ >k#>[
k s| \mVV. Vm VB (W]
\BD) >m: gk >DxB #> ,
V>B M[D, R> ^ l>
M[D [ s|s>V[ Vm
z \FBVk >BVlu [V.
fl. \> ]B > s][
>VflE (16:1319).
V]_: V> oAs[ VBV [
]z k>Vm, >DxB V: \
^ \\ BV[ V_KV[ V.
k^ \V>V\V: E V [D, EV
oBVv[D, k E tBV _m y>E_
k[fi V_KV[V^.
V> k
Vm: V, [ BV[S^ [ V.
\V[ VB \\VaBV SmkVk, Bfi
sB kB z\V[ [V.
Vm V>
kz \\VaBV, BVVs[ z\VV \V,
VBkV[, M_ \VDxD >x\_, \
o [ >VkVk >V\ > cz k|]
V. \KD V[ czfl V_K[: VBVF
VF!
> Vl[\_ [ ]flB |k[.
][ kV_^ > \uV^\VVm.
\V
][ ]V_D cz V|[; V]_
> |kVBV, m V]K zD.
V]_ > sVBV, m V]K
szD [V.

160

161

fl. fiQVEBV ]V^ (h 31)

V>BVkm V|V kVD; kal_ kD

skD kVD. ^ > T_ kE >VKD: >
T|zfl \V>VD cVk>V [ x>Vkm V_K^.
\V>V A][ l>V_, c^ \V>VD k[\_
>zD; _V]>V_, m c]_ ]DkD. >
T_>V >, k]_ c^k AEm
VfiF^. M_ kV[ >[ oz V]
kVVlV[. T|z T| VV>^. k\
^ > ]_ kE>VKD, > >V
c uVV_, k^ cz \V
k AEm, s]K^ VBVfl V>
\V, kB VflEBD czfl *>m [
kzfl V_K^.

V>V fl. E[ y\V>z ]B

W]om kVD (2 y\V. 2:810; 3:1012).
tD B\Vk: V[ V] s][
B >VT][ >]l_ >kVB SmV> \>V
M[ cl>>V [> QV]_ kmV^D.
>fl s]Mt>D V[ cw>>uz V_Vz
F>kV_ s|DBVlu. gVKD >k
kVBD s_. gBV_ >mV^
k^ SmsV_ cVB B> \V
\\BV| uV^k|\[, V[ k
ufl >D mV^[. V, [ V>
>D, D, [ V>D, skV>D,
B V>>D, D, V\BD, ]BVBV,
VMBV, ]V [D _ z m[
m>D, V|D [VF ]S. kkV
m[ m> | Os>[! k^ _VkuKD
W[ > [ E>V. B SmV>
z^ ]BVF sDA BVkD m[ m>|kV^.
fl. V ]B > s][
>VflE (10:19).
V]_: > k ]| D WBtm,
>VD Vs> zD, zD, >\m
xmz x[V k kkV , kzfl
V[>Vkm: A tz]BVD, kBVV VfiD;
g>V_ >[ Az kBV AD k^V
\z \V \[V|^. A| V^; >V,
g|z VFz^ AmV, V[
c A[. BBVkm flVBBVkm

\V>Vs[ gV ]V^ (g 15)

R] g\]om kVD (13:2225; 15:10).
> >\m k_\BV_ c[ gk]>V. M_
c[V| ^ m W#BVV. [
\ K^ z^D c> \
V_ gk]k^. V>D V>D
> > kV. ^ mV][ >>
>lu z]|fl V k[V c[ ssV.
c[ V]BV k]BD m[> | k
z k c[ cl mDV >B
W]B sV\_ x M[ k *| E
>>u > >V\ c[ V\> k E
V[V_, M \> \M>D >B k_
][ tz]B QV|mkm V c[D [[
z\ \|] VV|kV. t[ \\ ;

166

163

gk]k^. V>D V>D >

> kV. ^ mV][ >> >lu
z]|fl V k[V c[ ssV. c[ V]BV
k]BD m[> | kz k c[
cl mDV >B W]B sV\_
x M[ k *| E>>u
> >V\ c[ V\> k EV[
V_, M \> \M>D >B k_][ tz]B
QV|mkm V c[D [[z\ \
|] VV|kV.

BD, > >k DlBD \V>VkVl

[. [lBD, c\lBD w_
VD [M]K|; [M]_>V[ sB]BD,
AB]BD, DD. [ gEk^
_VD [MD km ^; [ MV_ W|^.
[ A] >s MVl[m; [ >]D >D
>[ MB kBDs \V >Vl[m. VmzD
[ QVD W]zD. [ AEk^ [xD gk_
V^kV^; [ mk^ [xD >V\Vl
V^. [ k[ \VD V\VV[; [
V| >^ ]Bfl Fk^ Vkfi FB \V
V^. [ VEk^ W]B sB> kV^.

fl. ]B > s][

>VflE (19:2527).
V]_: V>B EKkl[ kB
>VBVD, k >VBV[ V>BVB BVV \BD
\VD, \B \>D\VD W[ V>V^. g
BV_ V> >\m >VBVD, z W[ >D\V_ E
D Vm, >DxB >VBV V: ]ZB,
>V c[ \[ [V. [D V: >V c[ >VF
[V. x>_ > [ k >[ _]_ u
VV.

\V \V>V ]V^ (V 7).

QVV\]om kVD (w. 8:2224; 3235).
gk >\m ka_ mk]B, g]l_
BV>V[cVzx[ [fl >>]>V. k_
t cVzx[\ W]B >V| V[ u|>
[[. V>V^ [D s_;V[ uk

fl. ]B > s][

>VflE (19:2527).
V]_: V>B EKkl[ kB
>VBVD, k >VBV[ V>BVB BVV \BD
\VD, \B \>D\VD W[ V>V^. g
BV_ V> >\m >VBVD, z W[ >D\V_ E
D Vm, >DxB >VBV V: ]ZB,
>V c[ \[ [V. [D V: >V c[ >VF
[V. x>_ > [ k >[ _]_ u
VV.

> [M\BD\V^ > ]V^

(D 8).
QVV\]om kVD (w. 8:2235).
gk >\m ka_ mk]B, g]l_ BV>V[

164

165

D cVzx[ [fl >>]>V. k_

t cVzx[\ W]B >V| V[ u|>
[[. V>V^ [D s_;V[ uk
>>[; u^ [xD As_.
Vfl \^ k>D [xD cVs_; z[
z x[\ V[ >[. [xD V
>D, sD, fl][ mkD (>k[)
cVs_. k kV\fl E>fi Fl_
V[ s>[; k WflB\V >VKD k>VKD
V>Vfl u lKD, k \ kV>
c]|], WBV W] klKD.
x]]uz VB >[ _B V>
]uzfl > klKD, tl[ ]kV
W]|lKD, kV|>V >fi |] km
V>[; ]>Vfi >VmV|D, VmD
k x[V sBVV|D, k cV]KD s
BVV|D (>[); [ >V\V \\[
>BVD. gBV_ Vm [ \! zfl s
V|^; [ ka Vk kV k^ VB
Vo^. [ B | QVMVl^; > m
>^sVy^. V[ V_k> |, VVD [ kV
sa]m, [ > W kMmV
k VBkV[. [ |]kkV
k[ sB> |V[; gk]_ ED
uV^kV[.

VVkD uV. V V uV. V[

gV\ uV. gVD >V uV. >VA V
vV uV. VvV[ V_\V uV. V_\V[
VV [kV_ VkVv uV. VkV
[kV_ {> uV. {m vB uV.
vBV >VTm VVk uV. >VTmVV BVs[
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\V[ VVkV\ uV. VVkVD BVv uV.
BV gVk uV. gV BVV> uV. BV
V BVV\ uV. BVVD {EBVv uV. {EBV
BVkV>V\ uV. BVkV>VD gVv uV.
gV BVv uV. BV \VB u
V. \V g\V uV. g\V[ BVEBV uV.
Vz zBB V]_ BVEBV BVMBVvD
kB V>D uV. Vz zB[
BVMBV V]B uV. V]B_ vVVV
uV. vVVV_ R> uV. R
oBVE\ uV. oBVED gvVuV. gvV
>V uV. >V g\ uV. gD oR>
uV. oR BVV uV. BVV \V>V
uV. \V>V[ BVV uV. BVVA \BVl[
\kVV B uV. k\V S>[
| V> >V.

fl. \> ]B > s][

>VD (1:116).

sBVz\V>V ]V^ (D 15)

R] g\]om kVD (13:2225).

VD z\VD >VT][ z\V\VB Sm
V>B [t[ g\\Vkm: VD ~V uV.
~Vz BVV uV. BVVA R>VkD, k V
>D uV. R>VkV, >V\V[kV_ VD,

> >\m k_\BV_ c[ gk]>V. M_

c[V| ^ m W#BVV. [
\ K^ z^D c> \ V_

170

167

>D >|mk>uz ]VD u > V[z #>

D V > >\VFfl V[>Vkm: VD \m
kB aBV[ u x]l|
kl_ tBD x]>D \D >|>V
>^ [V. Vm x]lkB >V
Bfl V_ [: VB_ A][ V]
KD x]lk^ m Vum VVlD
. R>V V]]_ x]lk^ [VlD.
[ V]]_ x]lk^ [VlD.
V V]]_ x]lk^ [VlD. g
V]]_ x]lk^ [VlD. >o
V]]_ x]lk^ [VlD. \Vv
V]]_ x]lk^ [VlD. EtBV[
V]]_ x]lk^ [VlD. s V
]]_ x]lk^ [VlD. ~VV V
]]_ x]lk^ [VlD. VAV[ V]
]_ x]lk^ [VlD. BVA V
]]_ x]lk^ [VlD. [*[ V
]]_ x]lk^ [VlD. kz[
V]KD, V]KD, >>VKD, V
VKtm k>mD, kVKD V>m\V ]V
\VB [.
k^ k\BV
k]>m, >^ _ z>Vm
V|, EV][ x[VD, D\Akl[ x
]KD W[V^. k^ tz> >t|: EV][
\_ Tu DxB kzD D\Ak
BVkzD B\D cVk>V [ V_o g
>V^. #>_VD EV>D kBV]
D V[z kmD m W[, EV
]uz x[V xzA sm k >Vm:
g\[, ^ kz m]D, \\>VxD,
QVxD, [B> >V]xD, D, k_\D, xD
VVVzD cVk>V, g\[ [V^.

>>[; gBV_ Vm [ \!
zfl s V|^; [ ka Vk kV k^
VBVo^. [ B | QVMVl^; >
m >^sVy^. V[ V_k> |, VVD [
kV sa]m, [ > W kMmV
k VBkV[. [ |]kkV
k[ sB> |V[; gk]_ ED
uV^kV[.
fl. V ]B > s][
>VflE (1:2638).
V]_: B_ [D >k#>[ oBV V
K^ #zfl kV_ |, >VT][ V
]>VVB B [ { \M>z skV >
\V { [Ml]_ k>V. > [Ml[ B
\BD\V^. >k#>[ k> ]_ kEm: B>
>]V \Vk kV! > cDx; ]Z
z^ gk]k^ [V. > k^
\V]]_, kB kV>lV_ , > \D
>[\BV>V [ BVBVll_,>k#>[
k V: \B! fikVD, M_ k
M]_ uS. >V, c\m c>]_ u>m,
{ z\V T; kz [D V\fi |T.
k BkVlV, c[>\VkB >[ [|kV;
gkV k[ k >>BVB >VT][ EV>
kz >>kV; g>V_ k BVV[ V]]_
[[zD VkV. kB VEz x Vm
[V. Vm \BD\V^ >k#> Vm: m
BVzD? V[ A B [ V_, >k#>[ kz
\V>V\V: ZmVm c\m\_ > kkV;
c[>B k_\Vm c\z Wwo|D; gBV_ cD
t]_ zD > >k>[ |kV. >V, c\z

168

169

mkVB omD >[ x]kB] { A] u

>]V^. \ [ kz m gVD \V>D.
M_ kV_ V> kVz [t_ [V.
Vm \BD\V^: >V, V[ gkB \,
cDxB kV>l[B z gkm [V^.

>]V_ V]K^kVVKfi, V]
K^kVVKfi, D \V>V|], k
kaBVF >D\V| ckVV^D (>Vz) E>
\Vlu.

Sm VV ]V^
(V \V>D E QVl)
V>V fl. E[ VVEBz ]B
W]om kVD (1:1220).
V>: >V l_ flEBEikB
>]]_ k>uz D\ >z]^kV >V
kVB kz [B> >V]fi Km
VD. k >V][ k_\lM[ D\ s|>
BV, >\m [A^ z\VB VflEB]_ m
VV. kB >][ J\VF VD kz^
Vk V>VB * ]VD.
k
VV>kVB kB VBKD, Ei
zD x] \Vk. >B[V_, V]KD
V]KD VkD, VV>k\V
xD kz^ Eim; ]VV, V>]
BV, V>tV, k>V, xD k J\VD
k[D cV. k _VzD x]
kVlV. kz^ xD W[m. k
]flBVB Zmz >\BVk. _VkuKD
>\D ukVlzDz k g]D,
\>Vom > x>u\Vk. M_, D
xD kz^ kV\VlD, k EKkl_ E]

fl. ]B > s][

>VflE (18:3337).
V]_ Vm V>D: R>B VV
kV [ k V[. V> ]_\VaBV: VF
>fl V_KSV _m \uk^ [zm (>)
c\zfl V[VV [V. Vm ]>V\V: V[
R>V? c[ xD, >V gVBD c[ z B
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|>>VV_ V[ R>z BV> [ k
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mz |>>_ [V. gBV_ Vm k V:
BVV_, VVkV [V[. V> \V>V\V: V[
VV [ V_KS: V[ ]Bmzfl VE V_
KDBV >[, >uVk cmz k>[; ]B
>fl V>k[ kD [ >mz VmV|V[ [V.

AM>[ ]V^ (kD 1)

V>V fl. ]B
VEBV\]om kVD (7:212).
V_: >V VB V[, k[
x] VB kV#>[ B[ c]
]lom k [. k tBD x]

174

171

c> gm\V^ ]V^ (3D )

fl. \> ]B > s][

>VflE (5:112).

V>V fl. ]B
VEBV\]om kVD (14:13).
V_: kV]om { >xV [.
m [ V: gkz^ \k^ VBkV[^
[ m. gD, mx>_ k^ >^ k xm
VkV^. M_ kB B^ k
[uD [ ZmkVk V_KV [m.
fl. ]B > s][
>VflE (6:5155).
V]_ V> R> ]uzfl V[>Vkm:
V V]om sB D. > ]_
BV>Vk[ AEVBV_, [[zD wV[.
V[ V|zD D c][ sB]uV (V[ V|zD)
[ \VD\ [V.
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kVzkV>fi Fm: k[ >[B \VD> \z
AE V||D [V^. gBV_ V> k
V: \FBVk, \FBVk czfl V_K
[; ^ \\B \VD> AEBV\KD, kB
>> VD V\KD >V_, c]_
k V\V^. [ \VD> AEm, [
>> VD bkz W]B sBD c|.
EV V[ k cl[.

V]_: V> ]| \l[

*> cV>\V]]_, kB ^ kl_
b, k >\m ]kVF\m kz V]>
>Vkm: \>] VBkV[^: M_ \V VEBD
kBm. V> zx^k^ VBkV[^: M_
k^ tBfl >>mV^kV^. k^ VB
kV[^: M_ k^ g>kV^. ]l[\_ E>V
x^k^ VBkV[^: M_ k^ ]]BkV^.
x^k^ VBkV[^: M_ k^ \
kV^. #B >Bx^k^ VBkV[^: M_ k^
k >EV^. \V>VD bk^ VB
kV[^: M_ k^ >k\^ [|kV^. ]l
Mt>D c]k|k^ VBkV[^: M_
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fl m, m[|], c^ \_ ][\BD
V\VFfl V_KDVm, ^ VBkV[^. Vm
\m ^; M_ V]_ c^ DV
k V\Vl[m.

c> gm\V^ ]V^ (x>_ )

(kD 2)
V>V fl. E[ V]Bz ]B
W]om kVD (1 V. 15:5157).
V>: >V, cz EB> s[.
_VD clV\[m c^m>V[. gKD _V

172

173

z^D \VuxV\VVm. V]_,

Et_, E V >VMk, gD, V >VMzD,
\>k^ B\VF clV^, VxD \\VkVD.
>B[V_ azB m aBV\B >m
V^D VzB m VV\B >mV^
D kBm. VzB m VV\B >mV
[VkM_, VkVm B>V_ s>[ >
kVBD WkD. \\, c[ ku ?
\\, c[ V|z ? \][ V|z Vk>V[,
Vk][ TV WBVB\V\VD.
DxB gk
VB SmV> V| \z B>>
kz >V]D.

c> gm\V^ ]V^ (2D )

fl. ]B > s][

>VflE (5:2529).
V]_ V> R> mzfl V[>Vkm:
\>V >k> zVoB zVD k
>[D, m V> k]>[D, >
k^ wV[D \FBVk \FBVk c
zfl V_K[. M_ >VkVk >Dt_ >V\
kBkVlmV, >D >Dt >V\
k
BkVlzD kz >>V.
k \
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ykl|D
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>D kz V|]V. >zm ^ gfl
BkVD. M_ _K^ BVkD >k
>B zVoB z VD km. Vm
uBfl F>k^ clmfl sBmzD, m
Bfl F>k^ clm, g ykzD A|
kV^.

\V g\]om kVD (2 \. 12:4346).

V_: t kVVB R>V, cl>
> \V\VD skV>V|D Wm; D
> [VlD k^ ]V\V^ \>kB
VkV
o
AV|zDBV

xz V[. (M_ \>k^ cl>>

kV[> k[ Dl>V_ >s, \u k[
F> VBD kEB\umD \>VV \[V|km
sB>\Vm\VlzD.)
[D skV>V| \>
k^ kz > kV[D l>V[.
g>V_ VkM[ E|D \>k
V kV^km >xD BVxx^
\Vl[m.
fl. ]B > s][
>VflE (6:3740).
V]_ V> R> ]uzfl V[>Vkm:
>VkVk z >> BVD [M] kD;
[M]_ kkBV V[ kB >^k]_.
M_ [ E>> _, [ kB E
>>B WkuD V]M[ k>[.
[ >Vs[ E>D >M_, k z >
> BVkuKD, V[ [D wmVV\_, E
V_ > cl k|\[m>V[. > |,
k_ skV\Vl kD W]B sB> B
k|\[ [ [ >Vs[ E>\Vl
m. VD E V k cl[ [V.

178

Vz VD _V> V_
k>VEBV \uVBV k

(Statuit)

V>V fl. BV ]B W]om

kVD (1:1218).
tD B\Vk: V>Bfl k[ V
BkV[. M_ k[ ZE[, k[ >D\fl
Ekz kVz>>D sB Z>
uV^kV[. kD V]|l_, k
V V[ V]|[ V_V]VV.
M_ k[ ][\zfl V]k_. gBV_ k
kD V]k_. gV_ kk[ >[ B fl
V_ |, \|, V>|V[. [A gVVD
>m Vk> zD. Vk\V xuV_,
\> [m. g>V_ [ tD B V
>, \VDVV>^. c>\\V > VD,
\V > kxD [ >VsM]om z
k>V_, \Vsom k[m. k]_ BV>V ku
\D, su][ WwKt_. >DxB (QV) Ei
Az VD gD\VlzD, k >\m E>][
B D\fl ]B kVB>V_ M>V.
fl. V ]B > s][
>VflE (14:2633).
V]_ V> \ ]uzfl V[
>Vkm: BV>Vk[ [M]_ km, >[ >D, >VB
D, \sBD, ^D, V>D, V>
D, [D >[ clx>VF VsV_, [
VlVm.
>[ EKkBfl \mV|, [
kV> kD zfl VlVm. m [

VIII

VmkV kV^
V>[ ]V^

(Mihi antem)

V>V fl. E[ EBz ]B

W]om kVD (4:713).
V>: SmV>B ~l[ z >>V
Dt_ kVkzD kV> V|m.
gBV_ k c[>]uz Vm Ekfl
EBV, \M>z k V|>V[ V_o
lm. V [>uz k x] tl[ V>V >
] V [>B[, k >\[?
k _VkuD W>>V _V kV\
zD \V k. k E V>VD, E
y>EVD, Efl sVD, E \FV
D, V>VD V|]V. mM_ flE
k^ c>\>> DV|fl s][
kVD, SmsB Z\VB B
Ak>uVD, >kz\V uD skV]KD,
sKD VD u\| \V SmV>B
WkV kB][ z>m \|D k^ V|
V^.
fl. \> ]B > s][
>VflE (19:2729).
V]_: VB k V: >V V^

176

177

_Vku mms|, cD\ [[ k>V\. >V_

z [ zD? , V> kzfl V[
>Vkm: \ [\]_ \\[ >DxB \\ ]V
]_ TuzDVm, [ [[ D, VB
B [M| V]D |ykV
[M| ED\V_ cVT[, \FBVk
czfl V_K[. _V\KD [ V\>u T
BVkm, V>BVkm, V>BVkm, >>BBVkm,
>VBBVkm, \sBBVkm, ^BVkm, W
BVkm, s|s kD, \z kV[, W]B sB
>D >>mV^kV[.

|] ]|mkV. k k>VxD \\D

VflEBVxD cVk>V. g\[.

fl. VA\V[ ]V^

(Si Diligis me)

V>V fl. VB ]B W]om

kVD (1 V. 5:14; 1011).
tD B\Vk: cK^ Jz
c[ JD, SmV>B V|zfl VED, M
kV \\z V\VB V[ J
| V^>Vkm: c]_ As
kB \>B \Fm, VB\VB_,
u koB\>V|D, akV g>VB> V
B_, \ Z]BV|D, (>B) >>kV[
\_ ]VD Kmk^ V_; _ \>V|D
\>z \V]V Vm kV^. s>\VF
>V \F k|DVm \\^ kVV>
Z> uV^T^. Sm z^ D\
>\m W]B \\z w>kVB k ^ k
[ VfiVD m[|k c>\V c]

fl. \> ]B > s][

>VflE (16:1319).
V]_: V> oAs[ VBV [
]z k>Vm, >DxB V: \^
\\ BV[ V_KV[ V. k^
\V>V\V: E V [D, EV oBV
v[D, k E tBV _m y>E_ k
[fi V_KV[V^.
V> k
Vm: V, [ BV[S^ [ V.
\V[ VB \\VaBV SmkVk, Bfi
sB kB z\V[ [V.
Vm V>
kz \\VaBV, BVVs[ z\VV \V,
VBkV[, M_ \VDxD >x\_, \
o [ >VkVk >V\ > cz k
|]V. \KD V[ czfl V_K[: VBVF
VF! > Vl[\_ [ ]flB |k[.
][ kV_^ > \uV^\VVm.
\V
][ ]V_D cz V|[; V]_
> |kVBV, m V]K zD.
V]_ > sVBV, m V] K
szD [V.

182

179

BVkm ]\VFfl Ek[ z V]kV_; z

\VF >[ \BVkm \BVkm EkD
z V]kV_. >[ EKkB |mV| [
[_V>kD z V]kV_. >[ k
k[ kD > wV[; [Mt>D >[ k
w>kVk[V_ > kV[. c u
V^k[ [ uV^V[; [ u
V^k[ [ k uV^V[.
y>E [D V\]Mt>D y>EB u
V^k[ y>EzB DVkB kV[.
]\V[ [D V\]Mt>D ]\V uV^
k[ ]\VzB DVkB kV[. k
\ [ [D V\]Mt>D tD uV k
_ kz kVKD V]D > \V]
z V|>VKD, >m DVkB wm VV
[ \FBVk czfl V_K[.

[V_, c_ kVkm VA> sD

V_, k[ x> cVm > x>uz >z
kVxVk[ D >uzfl _KD k
z VV]VV? _Vs_, k[ ]kVD V
[ x\VV>VV_, V _VD k
mk: > \M>[ mkV[, x\VV> V
V[ [ V_KkV. _m kV VVkV| >fi
FBV > VVkVVKD x> cVm, ]
VlD V| >[\_ k k ]VlD V|
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V>[ V_, k[ [ #]ozDV>
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z^ BVkuD mmsV]>V_, k[ zfl V
l\VV[.

IV
k>VEBV \uVBV_V>V
k (Laetabitur)
V>V fl. E[ y\V>z ]B
W]om kVD (2 y\V. 2:810; 3:1012).
tD B\Vk: V[ V] s
][B >VT][ >]l_ >kVB SmV>
\>VM[ cl>>V [> QV]_ km
V^D. >fl s]Mt>D V[ cw>>u
z V_Vz F>kV_ s|DBVlu.
gVKD >k kVBD s_. gBV_ >m

II
k>VEBV \uVBV k
(Sacerdotes)
V>V fl. E[ V]Bz ]B
W]om kVD (2 V. 1:37).
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V>B >VD, [ >D, k g>o[ >F
kx\Vlk m]|kVV.
V kM
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KD kz VD g>_ ks
]V^kVlzDz z |D _V m[
KD k >ukV. >B[V_,

180

181

SmV>B V|^ ]_ zmV_,

SmV>kaBV z g>KD km. V^
m[V_ m cB g>KVD,
BmV>V[.
V^ g>>V_, mD c
B g>KV>V[. V^ >D>V_, m c
B >DAVD BmV>V[.
>
B\Vm V^ s> V| |V\V,
k D szD Fm. V|z
^ VVlmV, g>KzD V
Vl[ V^ ]]V, D gk
VB Sm s_ c^ \_ z c]BV D
Vlm.

III
k>VEBV \uVBV_V>V
k (In Virtute)

fl. \> ]B > s][

>VflE (16:2427).
V]_ V> >DxB z kM>
kVB\Vkm: BV>Vk[ [ k \>Vl>V_,
>[ >V ]BVfi Fm, >[ EKkB |m
V| [ [_kV[. M_ >[ V
VVu \>Vlk[ > wV[. [
u >[ V wkVk[V_ >
kV[. \FBVk \M>[ c\_VD g>VB\V
VVKD, >[ gm\D >V_ kz BV
\[? _m >[ gm\mz ~V [> V|
V[? \\[ >DxB >Vs[ \\l >[ #>
V| kkV.
Vm kVkzD k
k[ Bz >>V [ V.

QVV\]om kVD (10:1014).

gk ]\V kaBVF VF, kzfl
kB VflEB> Vm kz >
B k >m, k[ >[ kV_ kz VxD
DV>D D F>m\[, k \Vfi
FB >k]M[ k *| k g]
k>Vm. m mV]M[ k VVu,
m[\VM[ k VmVm \V >]_
k[ BV^D, >Ds QV\ ko\
^>[mV^fi F>m. m su ]\V
s|s]_; Vs]M[ k *m; k
[ V u_ m. m Elom kz
V V l_ km k cV]>k
k[ k\Vm\[ k zufi Vk
VFB [ Vm kz W]B \\B >>V
gkVB D k[.
fl. \> ]B > s][
>VflE (10:3442).
V]_ V> >DxB z V[
>Vkm: V[ V]_ \V>V> k>[
^ WkVD. \V>V>B_, kVB
k>[. kVM_ >[ >z sV>\VF \D,
>[ >VFz sV>\VF \D, >[ \Vtz sV>\VF
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kB TVV\. [MKD >[ >BVkm >VB

186

183

V g>\kV. A k\V ]BD EV>\V >\m

\^ y\V>D >mV^kV. |k
V> B\V ]>>V_ >D\ JV^kV.

V^k^ SmsV_ cVB

B> \V \\BV| uV^k|\[, V[
kufl >D mV^[. V,
[ V>>D, D, [ V>D,
skV>D, B V>>D, D, V\B
D, ]BVBV, VMBV, ]V [D _
z m[ m>D, V|D [VF
]S. kkV m[ m> | Os>[!
k^ _VkuKD W[ > [ E>V.
B SmV>z^ ]BVF sDA
BVkD m[ m>|kV^.

fl. V ]B > s][

>VflE (6:1723).
V]_: V> \lom , \>V
\V {] W[V. kB xD,
R>BV V[ ]lomD, D ]omD,
y, >V[ [ uomD k> V\V
D >V^. k^ kB kV D,
>^ VFM[ \VD k]>V^. >
V_ cV]kD V>\VV^. k
]om ] A|, _VD z\V
lV, _VD k >V|D ka
> V>V^. Vm k >DxB ^
\_ >\m |m Vm ]Du
>Vkm: >], ^ VBkV[^; M_ k
B VflEBD cBm. Vm EBVl
k, ^ VBkV[^; M_ ]]BT^.
Vm k, ^ VBkV[^; M_
E^. \\u ^ c m,
c s #m c^ B gV>[
>^DVm, ^ VBkV[Vl^. V
\m ^.
M_ >V, V]
c^ DVk V\Vl[m.

fl. \> ]B > s][

>VflE (10:2632).
V]_ V> >DxB z V[
>Vkm: kBVV> \Vt_, BV>
EBxt_. V[ cz _ V_K> ^
kfl]_ V_K^. Vmz^ > ^ t
B[\_ ^. Z> V_KkVl
mD gm\> V_ xBV>kz ^ B
kVD. gV_ gm\>fi Z>D ] >
k_k xB\VF B|^. Vz |
zs^ su|>_kV? glD k
_ [Vkm c^ >Vs[ E>t[ >l_ sw\V
Vm. c^ EE[ V\_VD [.
g>V_ fiV]^; D zss
^ \VkVlS^. [D \M> x[V
[ l|k[ kV, k VD \
o [ >Vs[ x[V l|k[.

184

I
k>VE^

185

(Intret)

QVV\]om kVD (3:18).

]\V[B gm\^ kB o
[. Vs[ BD k^ Vm. A]XB
z x[V \>kV >V[V^. k^ V
> s| >m { mBDV_ m.
Dttm k^ mV>V, WJ\[ W
|m. gV_ kV \V>V]_ VV
^. \M>z x[V k>B]>V]KD, k^
DBV W]B>V_ WDlm. u ]B>
[ k^ D DVkBV >V>VlzD;
[V_ k[ k Em V]kV[V
V. V[ clu V]|\VV V]m
kfl kV ol[ VV uV| >z>
>]_ k >BkV| VzkV. Vu
z^ AV^ m VE>mV ]\V[^
VEV^. \M> V]z \M> |yV^.
z^ ]Vfi KmkV^. > k [
[zD VkV.
fl. V ]B > s][
>VflE (21:919).
V]_ V> >DxB z V[
>Vkm: ^ >D zm ^s
|DVm ]BV]^.
k^ x>x>
k|D; gKD x c kVm [V. *|D k
V k kM>>Vkm: D mz sV>\VD,
VflEBD VflEBmz sV>\VD DAD. u

> tB]flED, V^ VFD, fiD

cVzD; kV]M[ B >VuD, B
BVD cVzD.
gV_ kB_Vkuuz
x[ [ V\] Mt>D c m, VV
zD, ]VzD x[V mV|VF,
gBzD EflVzD c A
sm m[|mkV^.
glD ^ VEVzD
V|, m czfl DszD. gBV_ [ \
\VaV_KkV\[ ^ x[>VF BVEkB
]_B[> \]_ kmV^^ . M_ c^
]V_VD ]D \DV> kVzD
QVxD V[ cz V|[. (c^) uV,
V>, u>V, E>VD ^ V V|
|T^. c_ E V FkV^. [
V\]Mt>D _VVD |T^. gKD
c^ >\l_ [VKD >\VVm.
c^ V
\BV| c^ gm\ VVuV^T^.

II
k>VE^

(Sapientiam)

QVV\]om kVD (5:1620).

]\V[^ [[zD sV^. >]_
kzfl DVk|; ]c[> ^ k
[D VmVV. gBV_ gflB\V VV>
D \\l[ Z>D > M[kV^.
kB km D k VVuBm km >
AD k g>>m. k u>Vm g>\m
V^D. k mV] akVzk>uzfl Ei

190
][B \>Vom cl> Sm
V>B c>V][ kaBVF k^ DzD,
aBV>mD, \VumD, kVV>m\VB >]mzD D\
\D M>V. EV]_ k gB>
\Vl Bmz skV> V| k
B k_\BV_ VVukVB c
z >fl >]D \V]_ ]\VF k
m.
Ml V]| V[V
KD, ] sBu>VB c^ skV][
ZBVm SmV> k|DVm, c
z AflEBVD, \[\BVD, \\BVD V
|DV|, Vm VuVD s> V>
V mkl>VKD, >fl >]>
Wm, ^ ^.
fl. ]B > s][
>VflE (15:511).
V]_ V> >D zfl V[>Vkm:
V[ ]Vfl , ^V^; k[ [MKD, V[
kMKD W]>V_, k[ tz]BV MB >kV[.
M_ V[ _V\_ cV [fi FBxBVm.
k[ [M_ W]VsV_, VBV AD
B|, cmVkV[. kfl >|m, M
l_ V|kV^, kD kV[. D [M_ Wm,
[ kV>D c_ W]z\V_, ^ >>
sD V, m cz |D. ^
tz> MB >m, [ Vl>V_ [ >V \\
V.
>V [fl E>mV VD c
fl E][. [ E]_ W]^. V[
[ >Vs[ u Om, kB E]_
W]mV, D [ u OV
V_ [ E]_ WV^T^. [ >VD c_

187

III
k>VE^

(Salus)

V>V fl. E[ Bz ]B
W]om kVD (10:3238).
V>: ^ c^ x] V Wm
V^^.
Vm ^ >km c]k
[ D VV>fl y. ]_ W>
KD c]kKD Vkz kBV
^. \uV ]_ V|kz D
VV^. BM_ skz
^ \]m\[, ] c>xD Wum\V
nkBD cz c[ m >V\VF c^
g]D V^Bs^. g>V_ tz> DV
kz mkV c^ DB wm VV>
^. ^ >kE>> Wku, kVz>>>
V^DBV V\ cz k\Vl[m.
[D m VuVD. kkBk kkV. >V\>D
V. [ ]\V[ skV]V wV[.
fl. V ]B > s][
>VflE (12:18).
V]_ V> >D zfl V[>Vkm:
BB ^ QV\VB AV][ \_ ^
flBVl^. glD, kBVV \V
t_, BV> EBxt_. [V_ ^
V[k^ kfl] V_|D; ^
Vmz^ Em T|[ \ |D. [ E>
VB cz V[ V_K[: Z> VFm,
>uz\_ [fi FB ]VBukz ^ fi

188

189

kVD. gV_ ^ BVz fik|\[ c

z V[; cl > [A ]_ >^ k_
\^k fi^; gD, k fi[
czfl V_K[. | Vz nm
zs^ su>_kV? glD k_ [VVKD
kB x]_ \|k]_. c^ >
cV\_VD [; gBV_ ^
fikVD; D zss ^ ]
s^kVlS^. *D V[ czfl V_K
>Vkm: \M> x[V [ bk[ kV,
k \\D kB #> x[V
bkV.

fl. ]B > s][

>VflE (15:17).

I
Vz V]_
k>VE k (Protexisti)
QVV\]om kVD (5:15).
]\V[^ > k] m[|] >^ k
[ >kz sV>\VF \V >B
>V| m WuV^. > Vs^ | tD
Bm >^ mz smk\VF k^ E
> | gflB\m, \>V| \Vm
Jfl s| >z^: kB_V VD x
W]>VD, W>zD V]kV[[ VD.
A]XVB VD k^ sBD ]B\[D, k^
\D akV>[D W>V\. >V kB
\V Vs| >>V| V^.

V]_ V> >D zfl V[>Vkm:

V[ \FBV ]Vfl , [ >V > l|k.
[M]_ M VV> D k >m
V|kV. \KD M V| BVD ] M V|zD
V| k aV. V[ czfl V[ kV
B][ Wt>D ^ V> >\VlS^. [M_
W]^, VD c_ W][. VBVm
]Vfl l_ W]VsV_, >VV M VV>m
V, D [M_ W]V sV_ M >\V^.
V[ ]Vfl , ^ V^; k[ [MKD, V[
kMKD W]>V_, k[ tz]BV MB >kV[.
M_ V[ _V\_ cV [fi FBxBVm. k[
[M_ W]VsV_, VBV AD B|,
cm VkV[. kfl >|m, Ml_ V|kV
^, kD kV[. D [M_ Wm, [ kV>
D c_ W]z\V_, ^ >> sD
V, m cz |D.

II
Vz V]_
k>VE^ (Sancti)
V>V fl. VB ]B W]om
kVD (1 V. 1:37).
DxB gkVB Sms[ >VkVB
k[ >V>|kVV. k >DxB

194

191

II

D, c^ >VD \VD k c
zfl V[[.

k> V^

(In medio)

V>V fl. E[ y\V>z ]B

W]om kVD (2 y\V. 4:18).
tD B\Vk: k[ x[VD, s
BD \>kD |yVkVB
SmV> x[VD kB g\>D VEB
zm c\zfl VEBV u>Vkm: >k
kVB> D T. \BD kVF>VKD kVF
VsVKD ]_ [ WuV. s> V\BV|D,
c>>V|D, m, \[V, mV^TV. M_
\M>^ z\V c>>fl \VV\_, V>
A^kVF, B flz kV V> >
[ mV|, ]Bmzfl sVV\_ s,
|> [u V^ kD. V saV
lm, _Vs>]KD BV|, szB
>Vafl Fm, cDxB aB> WkuTV; \
\]^kVlD. VV, >V oBVV[: [
>| sD VD lm. _ >D F>[.
[ B> x>[. skV> V>[. EBVF ]l[
ZD V km. > ]^ |kVB
> > \V V_ z V|V. z \V]\_,
kB kB gE zD k > V|V.

fl. \> ]B > s][

>VflE (5:1319).
V]_ V> >D zfl V[>Vkm: ^
tl[ cVlS^; cVm V\u VV_ >V_

I
m]BV \uVBV

(Statuit)

QVV\]om kVD (k. 44:1627; 45:320).

>V, Bz >[ V_, z B\VV;
]\VV VV; V V]_ \V>V >\VV.
kzfl BV>k k ]_; \V
B uB VVuV; g>V_ gk ]Bfi
Fm, kB V]]_ k ]fl F>V.
V]B gkV>>D gk kz V|
>V; k EE[\_ c[B c]|]V.
>DxB gkV>V| k mVV;
>\m > kV k]>V. gkB x
]_ k B >V. x[V k
\\|], \\l[ Z> kzfl V. W]B
c[B kz WBt>V. kz \V z>[\
B V|>V. \\l_ k VBkVVV.
zmk >Va WkuD, kB V\]V_
A D, #xD, _ >xD kz AV|k.
fl. \> ]B > s][
>VflE (25:1423).
V]_ V> >D z > ck\Bfl
V[V: A>mz BV\VF V \M>[ >[
aB wm k]_ >[ ]sB As>m

192

193

VVzD. k[ kz nm >mD, kVkz

| >mD, [Vkz [\V, kk
B ]z > V|m, c BV\VF V
V[. nm >> kVk[ VF, k V|
cwm, k n>fl DV]>V[. k\ |
>> kVkD k fl DV]>V[.
[ kVkV VF, tB >V >[ \V
B > A>m k>V[. kzVmz[
> aBB \V[ km, k]_ z
V[. Vm, nm >> uVk[
b k nm >> AV|m: gk!
nm >> [ k]_ Asy, >V k>
g>VB\Vfl DV]>[ [V[. \V[ kVm:
kV, D^ _ aB! VuVB
_ \VVl>]V_, VB[\_ c[
]VBVzk[. c[ \VB >Vmz^
kE [V[. B | >> kVkD
km: gk! [ k]_ | >> As
y, >V kfl DV]>[ [V[. \V[
k Vm: kV, D^ _ aB
Vfi]_ \Vx^kVl>]V_, VB
[\_ c[ ]VBV >V[. c[ \VB
>Vmz^ kE [V[.

VmD WWu V>kVBV_, z

V u|>V^. kV W]BVD W]k
V>V_ [[zD zmkD c^kVlV.
gBV_ k \V \ k>uz VmD sBV
lm, >\m J\VFfl kM]_ kk
[[zD E k_kVlV.
>D, \VE_V>kD, \D, VsM[
kD, \z \V cB>k\VB s>
>V zV] \z cVlm >z]BV\. k
\u zV]V_ x[A >DxB V> Vk
VD, [A B VkVD V^>VD
olk|k]_. s >D\>V\ AV|m
> WkuV.

II
m]BV \uVBV

(Sacerdotes)

V>V fl. E[ Bz ]B
W]om kVD (7:2327).
V>: [D > z^ \]Mt>D

fl. \> ]B > s][

>VflE (24:4247).
V]_ V> >D zfl V[>Vkm:
sa]^. M_ c^ gk ]_ kkV
[ ^ X^. ][ ]_ kkV[
T\V[ ]VV_, \FBVk sa]m
>[ T [tkVV[ mV^^.
B D \\[ D kkV[ BV>]
V gB>\Vl^.
>[ z|D>Vz >k
l_, gVD V|zD, kz \V[ u|]B
DD, skxx^ aB[ BV[ WVF?
kB \V[ kDVm, fl FmV
kV > aB VVV, > aB VB
kV[.
\V[, >m k Dm[\KD k
VBVV u|mkV[ [ c\BVk c
zfl V_K[.

198

\V]]^

195
(Os Justi)

QVV\]om kVD (k. 45:16).

k kzD, \M>zD Bk; kB
QV VVm. >B \\l_ kfl
\V\VV; mV]B B]_ k \\
|]V; >\m kV>V_ V>V VB
V. x[V k \\|]V, >\m z
x[V kz u>V; kz >\m \\B
V>V. skV]KD, V>z]KD k >
VV; \M>]M[ k >mVV.
kzfl sV|>V; k k|> V; k
\]uz^ VV. z x[V kz
V|>V; sB]BD, >l
Bfi > >>V.
fl. \> ]B > s][
>VflE (19:2729).
V]_: VB k V: >V V^
_Vku mms|, cD\ [[ k>V\. >V_
z [ zD? , V> kzfl V[
>Vkm: \ [\]_ \\[ >DxB \\ ]V
]_ TuzDVm, [ [[ D, VB
B [M| V]D |ykV
[M| ED\V_ cVT[, \FBVk
czfl V_K[. _V\KD [ V\>u T
BVkm, V>BVkm, V>BVkm, >>BBVkm,
>VBBVkm, \sBBVkm, ^BVkm, W
BVkm, s|s kD, \z kV[, W]B sB
>D >>mV^kV[.

V\V|D? M m kB V|k>uzD, \M>V_

t]|k>uz\B[, kV[zD c>kVm. ^ c][
BVlS^. k>][\o D \kVl
\VVm. y> V] \Vo[ kV\_ T
K^ BVkzD VEzD > sz>[\_
kV^. k\ \M> c^ uB |,
\o c^ >Vk \\|mD V|,
c^ kz x[V VEkm. k>
\V>BVVKD y> [KD a k>
[ ^ WkVD. a>u_; Wku
k>u k>[. c\BVk czfl V_K[:
kVxD tD amVzx[ k>\V]K^ xD
Wk\VaB ]_ { E \Vkm { A^BVkm
WkV\u Vk]_. gBV_ tD E>VB >
u_ [ *, k\ \M>z V]k[
\V VflEB]_ tD EBkV |kV[. k
m V]kV \V VflEB]_ BkV
|kV[.

I
\uVBV_V> m]B

(Os Justi)

QVV\]om kVD (k. 31:811).

zut_V> V g]V[ VBkV[;
V[M[[ VV>kD, ]K ]sB]KD D
kBV>kD VBkV[. k[ BV? k AkVD;
M_, >[ sB V]_ ]Bfl F>V[. ]_
E| c>\Vk[ kV kz W]B \\
zD; * ]|D, gV_ *k_; ][\

196

197

FBV]|D, gV_ FBs_. g>V_ k[ V

^ gk]_ W\BV; >B
BVD k[ >\ E>|mD.

zD kBVVD. V^ SmV>u
]BVVVD.
V SmV>]_ skV
^; V^ T, ^ kV[^; ^ \V
k^, V^ wVk^. D kzD ED >VxD
OsVD. WkVVD, z|kVD,
_o\ukVD VD.
^ V
cwm V||VD. ]|V^, V^
gk]VD.
m[|mV^, V^
mV^VD. #V^. V^
V]VD. V^ klKD V^ ][
zVD, aV\VVD. c k|
mDz V[ > >s_. gV_ z tD B
\V ^V D gkVB Sm s_
cz A] V_K[.

fl. V ]B > s][

>VflE (12:3540).
V]_ V> >D zfl V[>Vkm: c^
^ km D, y^ c^ _
km. >^ \V[ km >|DVm, c
kz ]zDBV k oBV]M[ Vm
]DAkV[ V] \M>z ^ Vl
T^. \V[ kDVm, sa]kV V|
aB VBkV[^; k >\m B km ,
k ]B\flFm, k_ kVk]KD
VF kz \VkV[ c\BVk c
zfl V_K[. k Vfi V\]_ k>VKD, J[
Vfi V\]_ k>VKD, k\ VVV_, aB
VBkV[^. _V\KD, ][ [kl_ kkV
[ T\V[ ]>V_, >\ sa]m, >[
T [tkVV[ m V^^.
B, D gB>\Vl^. [V_ ^ W
BV> kl_ \\[ kkV.

II
\uVBV_V> m]B

fl. V ]B > s][

>VflE (12:3234).
V]_ V> >D zfl V[>Vkm:
E \>B, ^ BV>^; M_ cz
>DxB VflEB> >D c^ >Vzfl E>
\Vlu. cz c^k su, fl V|^;
w\V> D, zBV> V>D
V] czfl DV]m k^;
]D bV[, flED Vm. >[V_, c^
VD l>V, B c^ >BxD
zD.

(Justus)

V>V fl. E[ V]Bz ]B

W]om kVD (1 V. 4:914).
V>: V^ cmzD D\zD \M>

202

k>VEV [MB

199
(Me expectaverunt)

V>V fl. E[ V]Bz ]B

W]om kVD (1 V. 7:2534).
V>: [M z>VkM_, > z
V|s_; gKD V[ \Vx^kV
lzDz gkD uVm V
gVBVfl V_K[. >Vkm: D\ >Vm k
m[]Mt>D B (skVt_V\_) m \
z \Vlz\[ b[. \sBV| ]
VBV, >> s >V>; \sl_V
]VBV, \sB >V>. gKD \sB
V>V_, Vk\_. z\ skVD VKD Vk
\_. gVKD k^ Z] cV>|kV
^. ^ kz c^VV> gE[. g>V_
V>, V[ V_K>Vkm: V\Vm z>Vl
m: gBV_ \sB cBk^ _V>k
VD, k^ wV>k VD, >V
k^ >VBV>kVD, sz V^
k^, [D >>BV>k VD, >
sk^ > sBV>k VD
k|D. ][ VD \VB\VF V[m. g>
V_ ^ kBukVl sDA[. \sl_V
>k[ gkz BV\[ >zB
k[\_ kuV[. \sBVkV,
>[ \sz BV\[D, cmzB
k_ ku, \V[. >[\B
skVt_V> [M Z]KD gm\]KD D gk
VB Sms_ >x^kVl >zB
kfl E]V^.
(sD:

D 201 V.)

I
[MD k>VED

(Loquebar)

QVV\]om kVD (k. 51:18,12).

gkVB VVk, c\z [B> >V]D
b[; [ VB cD\ m][.
c\m V\]uz \VD b[; [V_ z
mkD VmVk\V. asM[D, \ Vs[ kl
M[D, VFBB c>|M[D [ Z> Ey;
[fl uKtkz x[V z mkV.
c\m V\][ ]uz >z> kD, [
s flEk]M[ [ Ey. [
gm\> >|kB M[D, [fl u
V m[[ kVl_M[D, [fl mV
Ml[ z>oM[D [ Ey; VD M
l[ \]l_ kmVs_. zal[ V>V]M[D,
EBV VsM[D, VFBV kV>lM[D, \
MM[D, WBVB VsM[D [ VVu.
\B>D [ gm\\Vm gk m]zD. g
kVB kV, cD\ k VVuS;
B M[ k Ey.
fl. \> ]B > s][
>VflE (25:113).
V]_ V> >D z > ck\Bfl
V[V: \V VflEB\Vm y l |m
V|, \kVD, \kVBD ]V^V
m [MBz VlzD. BM_, k_
nm \]XD, nm sk\Vl>V^. gV_
nm \]XD y |mV^DVm >V|

200

201

BD |mV^s_. skVk[V_,
yV| >^ V]_ BD |mV|
VV^. \kV[ k >V\]>Vm, _VD #
sm W] V^. |flV\]: >V \kV[
kV: kz ]V| V[ >xVlu.
c > [MB_VD ]m, >^ y
>BV V^. Vm \]X sk V:
^ y^ sm Vm. c^ l_ z
Vfi >V^ [V^. >uz sk^ \\VaBV:
k czD zD uV\_VzD. g>V_
^ suk] VF, cz kB> kV
V^^. mk >Vs [V^. B k^ kV
V \B]_, \kV[ k>V. Vm >BVVl>
k^ kV| \kz^ kEk >
m. EBVF \u [MD km, gk! g
k! z ]>\[ V], k \\VaBV:
c B[ c\BVk V_K[ [V.
gBV_ saVl^. M_ VD VaD cz
>BVm.

[ k|>KD m. asM[ [
Ey; \ V]M[ [ s|sy. gBV_, g
kVB ^ kV c\z [Bm AflE k[.

II
[MD k>VED

(Me expectaverunt)

QVV\]om kVD (k. 51:1317).

gkVB [ kV: [ kV>> t
l_ cB]; kszD VsM[ cD\ \[V[.
[ gm V_ [ sV>zD, gVB
V]_ [ mk_V\_ sV>zD [ gk
B >VkVB \[V[. sV\_ c\m
V\> m][, [ [B>o_ > kVmk[;

fl. \> ]B > s][

>VflE (13:4452).
V]_ V> >D z > ck\Bfl
V[V: V VflEB\Vm { W]_ A>]
A>BKz Vl[m. > \M>[ > \m,
>uB >V]V_ VF, >z^ BVkD su
> W> kVV^V[. *D V VflEB
\Vm _ xm >| k>z Vl[m.
k[ sBu { x> \V]]_, VF,
>zV BVkuD su > kVV^V[.
_V\KD V VflEB\Vm o_ T| k
\flfi m kVV^D kz Vl[m.
m W>[, kl_ m l_ cVm _
k >>|m, V]_ kmV|, gV>k
AD msV^.
k\ c][
xs zD. >k#> A|VF ]\V[^ |so
m yBV m, k Mfl l V|kV^.
D uAD cVlzD [V. [D
k: ^ kB_VD |yV? [V. >uz
k^: gD [V^. Vm k V k
V[>Vkm: gBV_ V VflEBm|>k
>> k>V[ kD >[ V]om A]BkD
wBkD kl_ |m V| T\Vz
VlV[ [V.

206

Mw\_ > \V>Vs[ V_

I
g\ VD (Rorate)
BV g\]om kVD (7:1015).
V_: gk VED >Vfl
V[>Vkm: >][ [KD kV[m \BVKD
cz { uA> BVD > c[ >kV gk ^
[V. >uz V: BV[ [, gk V]B[
[V[. Vm VBV: >VT][ TkV^ ^;
\V> \fl fi|mkm V>V>[V, [ gkD
c]k|mS^? g> x[M| gk >V\
cz uA> BV >k; >V [MBVk^ u\V
\k kV^; m \k[ [D >VD D. m
][\B s [\B V^DBV cVz
>D kBD, >D mD.
(sD:

203

III
k>VEB_V> [M

(Dilexisti)

V>V fl. E[ V]Bz ]B

W]om kVD (2 V. 10:1718; 11:12).
V>:
\[\VV|k[
>]
\[\ VV|kVV. M_ >[>V Ak[
AflEzBk_. kV Aw|k Afl
EzBk[.
[ A]X>fl u m V^T
BV_, \Vlz\. B [D mV^
^. V[ cV >k kVB>V| kV
B\Vl[. M_ V[ c uA^ [M
BV Sm [D \kVz AV| WBt
][.
(sD:

D 199 V.)

D 167 V)

II
> > ]V^ x>_ ] ]V^
k (Vultum tuum)
V>V fl. E[ ymz ]B
W]om kVD (3:47).
tD B\Vk: DxB VB k
B VVxD, \M> [AD >V[Vm VD

IV
k>VEB_V> [M
(WD:
(sD:

(Vultum)

D 202 V.)

D 201 _m 199 V.

205

204

I
[MB_V> k>VE
(WD:
(sD:

(Me expectaverunt)

D 199 V.)

m[|kz c>s Fm, s> uBD

], u]Bz uVE uk\VB s>kBVk^
>mV^ k|D.
(sD:

D 201 V.

D 201 V)

> >k\V>Vs[ ]V^

II
[MD k>VED _V>k

(Salve)

QVV\]om kVD (k. 24:1416).

(Cognovi)

V>V fl. E[ y\V>z ]B

W]om kVD (1 y\V. 5:310).
tD B\Vk: \FBV s>kVB s>k
D bD. BV>V s>kz ^Vkm
^Vkm cVV_, k^ >[ T D,
uVz >[ \B WkuD x> u
V^kVV. M_ m kB xmz c>
>Vl[m. \FBVk s>kBVF g>kuk^ k
[_ Dkm, D KD ]KD k|>_
KD W]VV. M_ [ >Vk^
clVmD >kVlV^. k^ zufi V
V>kVF zDz k uD. k[ >[
V> D, s\VF >[ TVD sV
BV]>V_, k[ skV> \>kD, skVEBs
] k\VF V[. m kBmz zBV>
kD, Az \sBVl>kD, ^ km,
>E c>kD, >kV[B V_ s,

g]lKD, z x]fi Ei[;

VmzD V\Kt[; > kV>]_ kB
x]_ [ >Vafl F>[. g>V_ EBVM_ c]
|>[; > ]KD Vu[;
t_ [ ]Vfi [m. \\|>
]_ k[[; k^ >]D [ gkB
VD, >B ]_ [ kV>D.
fl. V ]B > s][
>VflE (11:2728).
V]_: V> \^ ]D EV
l_, { ]ZBVk^ >[ >> cB], k
V: cD\fl \> c>xD xm VD
VBD uk [V. >uz k: BVVKD,
kB kVB>|, > Ok^
VBkV[[ ]DuV.

210

207

z >kVlmV AVk[ >[ \s

z >kVlV[. k >DxB Z][
VF V_V. gV_ ]fl SmV>z
mV, ]KD \s^ Az
V^. A, SmV> ]flB Em,
>uV >D\>V\ B>mV, D c^ \s
E^. SmV> k kVB>V|
QVV>V_ >fl ]m >\VD, ]
k x>oBk^ [t_V\_, flEmD, \Vum
\V \\^ BV > >\zx[ m D
>D\ >VD B>V. B, AD >^ \s
>^ Z>V_ EkV^. >[ \sB
Ek[ >[>V EV[. kVVKD >[ \VD
> VmD >]_. gV_ SmV> ]fl
zfl FmV kk[ >[ Z> Vm
V| kV[. M_ VD kB Z][ kBk
D, \VD]_ \VDxD, KD_ KDA\VlVD. >
Mt>D \Vk[ >[ >> >VBs|, >[ \s
BV Vm, kD \VD\VlV^. m B
>k]sB O\V\Vl[m. SmV>KD ]fl
lKD [ V_K[. [D c_ kVkD >[
\sB >[V_ EVV. \sBV >[ A
z Bm VV.

F> ] B uB_k, >DxB ][

B, ZmVmsV_ D\ \ \V, Am
V]V D\ Em, > Zmk
DxB VB SmV> J\VF \m
\_ V\VF Vam, \z^ Dz >,
>DxB iV>]V_ VD ]\V[V|,
W]B sBmzfl >]kVVzD F>V.

fl. \> ]B > s][

>VflE (19:36).
V]_: BV sD km kfl V]zD
, AVk[ > V]VVkm >[ \sB
>^sV\V? [ V^. k kz ]
>V\Vfl V[>Vkm: g]l \ >k
gbD b\V k >V [>D, >
Mt>D \Vk[ >[ >D, >VBD s|

fl. V ]B > s][

>VflE (2:1520).
V]_: B^ kVk V: VD
D\|D VF, Ds>mD, gk \z
s>m\VB >fl ]B VV\V [ E
V|, ys\VF km, \BD\VD, BD
x[Ml_ ]l> zw>BD V^. |
> zw>B zm >zfl V_
]B mVV^. [D k_VD
BV_ >zfl V_k[ KD
gflBV^. \BD\V^ > kVBB_VD
>[ >B]_ kmfl E]mV| kkV^. BD
>zfl V_B >V^ mD m
\VB BVkuDu k Vu AmV|
]D VV^.

208

209

III
> > ]V^ x>_ >VD k
(Salve)
QVV\]om kVD (k. 24:1416).
g]lKD, z x]fi Ei[;
VmzD V\Kt[; > kV>]_ kB
x]_ [ >Vafl F>[. g>V_ EBVM_ c]
|>[; > ]KD Vu[;
t_ [ ]Vfi [m. \\|>
]_ k[[; k^ >]D [ gkB
VD, >B ]_ [ kV>D.
fl. V ]B > s][
>VflE (11:2728).
V]_: V> \^ ]D EV
l_, { ]ZBVk^ >[ >> cB], k
V: cD\fl \> c>xD xm VD
VBD uk [V. >uz k: BVVKD,
kB kVB>|, > Ok^
VBkV[[ ]DuV.

IV
Vz VD
(WD:

fl. ]B > s][

>VflE (19:2527).
V]_: V>B EKkl[ kB
>VBVD, k >VBV[ V>BVB BVV \BD
\VD, \B \>D\VD W[ V>V^. g
BV_ V> >\m >VBVD, z W[ >D\V_ E
D Vm, >DxB >VBV V: ]ZB,
>V c[ \[ [V. [D V: >V c[ >VF
[V. x>_ > [ k >[ _]_ u
VV.

V
>\]mk][ ]V^ x>_
g\ VD k (Salve)
(WD:
(sD:

D 208 V.)
D 208 V.)

]\
V>V fl. E[ EBz ]B
W]om kVD (5:2233).

(Salve)

D 208 V.)

V>: \s^ >[VuV_ >^

Az BkV^. M_ SmV> ]fl

214

211

V : c [ V >[ cl>]V[ [V.

>uz \V>D\V^: E V, c>V]_ kD
clV[ z >D [V^. V> k
V: c>VxD, clD V; [M_ skV\Vl
k[ >VKD, wV[. clVl_ [
skEk[ kD W]BmzD V\VV[.
>
skEVBV? [V. >uz k^: gD, gk,
SmV>[D, ]uz > k> sB
[ z\V[D skE][ [V^.

>[ \s Vm, kD \VD\VF

kV^ [ c>>D ^ kVE>]_BV? gBV_
k^ Vm kVlV\_ \VD\VlV^.
>V k[ >> \M>[ V]VV.

l_ \\z V||D
gkV>D
V\V: gk, B \[V|
z >kZ >BBV| sVFm, \z ]u
V >kZ WBt> cDxB uV| >BkVF V
>D; c\m ulV_ |D > skVD
c\m c>slVB VVukm. >kZV|
ZmVms[ nB]_ kD, >VVxD sBD
VflEB Vfi Fk\Vl c\m ]z\V
D ^ gk\V Sms[ BV_. g\[.
V\V: [t_V\lM[ c\m k_
\l[ ]V_ >\ cVBB kV,
_VAB cu]D ]D F>[,
cDxB VBVk cV \M>z ]Zl[
xBV> c>sB >m kB \VD]o>
]Zl[ Z> ckV, VV >kZ u|>
]\V> VmD >_ Vm [ >[ JD
u>; kV, SmsBD ]fll
BD nB> x[szD skV >][
>k]sB O\V> k \V >k EB>V_
flE>; kV kVt, >kZ ]B \M>
V| y; s>\V g]l xB\V u|>
z|D> gk]>.

212

213

> gkV>D [\|\ [\Vk][ >

BVVkm,
B][
ykBVVkm

s_.
\FskV sB]_ kEzD kl_
>kZB VmV[ c>sB >z >| c\m
BVVB k^*m \VF VBD.

\>VV
\> V_ _m D FD V_

k^*m [A \V>V]uzB O>

km. k^ \VxD uAxBkVF Sms_
\DABkV^; k^ > ABk] [D
|VskV^. k^ VV >[ A
B mzBkVD VkV sk
xBkVD, VVV gD c\
xBkVD kV^.
Vk]uz V\Vk[ >[ F_ [
D k]_ VV]|D.
k^ skV]uzD
k> uzD ||, c]BVF VV.
skV]_ Az |, >V> |
skV^.
_ ][ c]lV_ >[ T> ]
|mkVV. >[ V]V_ \]kVD, uA
]V_ \BV>zBkVD, ]sB V>_
l[kVD kV^. A]>V]_ aAuk
VD x^kVD zut_V>kVD
kV^. \KD, \VkVEB VulKD, V
VflEB]KD kV^. k^ kD >^ \
B \ J[VD V[V >xkz
| >V^ gEzD s>VB> BkV^.
>kZV| ZmVms[ nB]_ kD,
>VVxD sBD VflEBVfi Fk\Vl
c\m ]z\VD ^ gk\V
Sms[ BV_. g\[.

V>V fl. E[ >VMBz

]B W]om kVD (1 >. 4:1217).
V>: DBu \u \V_
D mV>z, \>V sB\VF ^ TV
lm z Bt_. M_, V> \m,
cl>>V[ VD skEV\VV_, s>\
V>]_ \>kD k[ k[ V|
VF V ([ skEk|D). >V V^
gkB kV>BV czfl V_K>Vkm;
clVm, gkB kz V] VD
uk \>kz x]V^\VVD. M_
B ]#>[ >VM, >k VD xw,
gk kV]M[ kkV. Vm Sm
V>]_ \>k^ x] cl>DAkV^. [A
(]_) clV s VD kV
\_ ||, gVB]_ SmV>z ]
V|VF, B gkV| VmD VD.
glV > kV>V| ^ k
Vk >uV^^.
fl. ]B > s][
>VflE (11:2127).
V]_ \V>D\V^ V>D V[>Vkm:
gk, ]VV_, [ V>[
\]\VV[.
glD VmD kM
]_ > VKD, >fl k[ c\z >
>kV[ ][ [V^. V> k