zviad gamsaxurdia

“samegrelos sakiTxi”
(isaki Jvania da samegrelos “avtonomia”)

werili gadmobeWdilia gazeT “literaturuli saqarTvelos” 1989 wlis

3 noembris nomridan

zviad gamsaxurdia - damoukideblobaaRdgenili saqarTvelos pirveli prezidenti

foto am internetmisamarTidanaa: http://burusi.files.wordpress.com

Tanamedrove saqarTveloSi mwvaved dgas kuTxuri

partikularizmisa da separatizmis problema, romelsac Cveni mtrebi
yovelTvis aRvivebdnen da arTulebdnen. XIX saukuneSi Savrazmeli
rusifikatorebi yovelmxriv cdilobdnen xeli SeewyoT afxazuri, megruli,
svanuri, musulmanur-mesxuri separatizmisTvis, risTvisac isini mimarTavdnen
sxvadasxva meTodebs: am mcire tomebisaTvis anbanis Seqmnas, wirva-locvis
SemoRebas maT enakavebze, xolo mesxeTSi xels uwyobdnen musulmanobis
gaZlierebas, Turquli enis gabatonebas, aWrelebdnen mesxeTis teritorias
ara qarTuli mosaxleobiT, riTac niadags umzadebdnen saqarTvelos
sabolood danawevrebas da asimilacias.

1
 momdevno periodSi es taqtika daixvewa da Seicvala. sabWoTa
periodSi naTeli xdeba, rom igive saqme grZeldeba ukve qarTvelebis xeliT,
romelTagan umravlesoba Tanamdebobis piria.
`samegrelos sakiTxi", romelic Tavdapirvelad
Savrazmelebma: vostorgovma, iankovskim da sxvebma wamoayenes, axleburad
ganaviTara 20–ian da 30-ian wlebSi zugdidis samazro partiuli komitetis1
pirvelma mdivanma isaki Jvaniam, romelmac bevri ibrZola am mimarTulebiT da
bolos Tavisi gamocdileba Seajama rusul enaze daweril specialur wignSi,
romelic dRes vrceldeba samegreloSi (xelnaweris saxiT).
am wignis mizania sazogadoebis darwmuneba imaSi, TiTqos
samegrelo iseTive calke erovnuli erTeulia, rogorc oseTi, afxazeTi,
aWara (!) da a.S. da rom megrelebi imsaxureben avtonomias, iseve, rogorc
zemoT CamoTvlili patara xalxebi.
amasTan dakavSirebiT, i. Jvania wers: “afxazeTi, oseTi da sxva
patara xalxebi amierkavkasiisa iyo arena ori nacionalizmis brZolisa:
qarTulisa da rusulisa. sovetizaciamde am brZolaSi Cabmuli iyvnen
samegrelos Tavadaznauroba, sasuliero wodeba, umaRlesi inteligencia
(iuristebi, eqimebi, agronomebi da a.S.), romelnic mTlianad dadgnen qarTuli
nacionalizmis mxareze...”
`qarTveli nacionalistebi ilia WavWavaZis, iakob
gogebaSvilis meTaurobiT (ix. misi reaqciuli, Sovinisturi werili
pirveldawyebiT skolebSi megruli enis SemoRebis winaaRmdeg `peterburgskie
vedomosti“ 1908 w. varianelis fsevdonimiT), Tedo Jordania utevdnen rusi
nacionalistebis RonisZiebebs, axdendnen mobilizacias samegrelos
Tavadaznaurobisa da samRvdeloebisas, samegrelos episkoposis, “megreli”
besarion dadianis saxiT. es iyo cnobili xuligani, Savrazmeli, podxalimi
qarTuli Sovinizmisa, meTaurobda megrel Tavadaznaurobas, urcxvad
karierisTvis Tavis Svils eubneboda uxerxulia Cvens Tavs vuwodoT
megrelebio”.
“amitom is qarTvelebi, romlebic nacionaluri sakiTxis
mcodneebad iTvlebodnen ar cnobdnen samegrelos sakiTxs - miuxedavad imisa,
rom namdvili mcodne nacionaluri sakiTxisa – amx. stalini samegrelos
aRiarebda damoukidebel erovnebad”.

1
imJamad raikomebi jerac ar arsebobda.
2
 zemoTxsenebuli qarTveli `nacionalistebis“ amgvar midgomas
i. Jvania feodalur midgomas uwodebs, leninuri kompartiisaTvis
Seuferebels. radganac Tavad gageba `megrelisa“ (margali) niSnavs udables
glexur fenas, Tavadaznauroba samegrelosi Tavis Tavs megrelad ar
Tvlidao: `yvela privilegirebuli fena (Tavadaznauroba, sasuliero wodeba,
inteligencia) TavisTavs qarTvelad Tvlida. aqedan gamomdinare, Jvanias
sityviT, amierkavkasiis xenlmZRvaneloba Tvlida, - rom radgan `kulturuli“
zeda fena gaqarTvelda, arakulturuli (Tumc umravlesoba) unda mihyves
kulturuls da moxdes misi asimilireba qarTvelebTan. es ki ar ariso
leninur–stalinuri Sexeduleba. amis Semdeg i. Jvania ganagrZobs:
`saqarTvelos civilizebuli samyaro pr. javaxiSvilis, axvledianis, beriZis
da sxvaTa saxiT amtkicebs: `momavlis perspeqtivisaTvis unda davTmoT
Tanamedrove samegrelo, vinaidan qarTuli kultura umaRlesi kulturaao“
(cxadia, es sityvebi gayalbebulia, – z.g.).
kulturofobi da vulgaruli marqsisti i. Jvania, cxadia, ar
eTanxmeba am mosazrebas. misTvis kultura erTgvari xorcmetia, xelis
SemSlelia `soflis“ socialisturad gardaqmnaSi“ da amitom mas urCevnia
samegrelo sibnelisa da ukulturobis WaobSi darCes, oRond ar
`gaqarTveldes“, dadianebis sasaxlis kulturas mas glexis facxis wyvdiadi
urCevnia, vinaidan igi xels uwyobs mas Tavisi bneli zraxvebis
ganxorcielebaSi, megrelebis calke erovnebad gamocxadebaSi.
Semdeg igi mosTqvams: `am burJuaziul–Sovinisturi“
profesorebis gavleniT saqarTvelos ganaTlebis saministrom gaauqmao
megrulad swavleba skolebSi 1921 wels, riTac gadauxviao lenin–stalinis
mimdevrebis gezs.
1925 wels agvistoSi kvlav wamoyo Tavi `samegrelos
sakiTxma“, saqarTvelos komunisturi partiis ck–s prezidiumis sxdomaze
gamoiyo saTanado komisiac. magram, Turme, amave wels, i. Jvanias TqmiT
ajanyda `Savrazmeli“ Tavadaznauruli e.w. `megruli“ inteligencia,
aTwlobiT TbilisSi mcxovrebi, romelsac Turme araviTari kavSiri aRar
hqonia megrul sofelTan da megrel glexebTan, garda imisa, rom saukuneebis
manZilze sisxls wovdnen megrel glexebs. ai, i. Jvanias TqmiT, es qarTveli
`faSistebi“: kowia gamsaxurdia, Jordania, Tedo saxokia da sxvani, Seikribnen
q. TbilisSi, rusTavelis TeatrSi ck–s mier raime gadawyvetilebis

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gamotanamde da es `Savi Tavadaznauruli xrova gmobs samegrelos sakiTxs,
rogorc saqarTveloSi ganxeTqilebis, gaTiSvis Semomtans. TbilisSi
moqalaqeebis winaSe cxaddeba politikuri da moraluri terori imaT
winaaRmdeg, vinc bedaven xmis amoRebas samegrelos avtonomiis Sesaxeb”.
Semdeg i. Jvania ganagrZobs: `zemoT CamoTvlili faSistebi
iqamde mividnen, rom mSromeli megrelebi, romelTac moisurves mSobliur
enaze skola, sasamarTlo, gazeTi da saqmis warmoeba sof. sabWoebSi
gamoacxades reaqcionerebad da partiis wevri glexebi, romelnic
emxrobodnen am sakiTxs, gaaricxvines partiidan am gziT Seiqmna
sazogadoebrivi azri. am azrs gansakuTrebiT miemxrnen qarTveli bolSeviki
uklonistebi, romelTagan erTerTma a. RambaraSvilma, i. Jvanias TqmiT, didad
avno megrul separatizms.
miuxedavad amisa, 1925 w. 24 agvistos zugdidis partiulma
komitetma mainc ganixila samegrelos sakiTxi, xolo 1925 wlis seqtemberSi
saqarTvelos kp centraluri komitetis sxdomaze, romelsac eswrebodnen
kaxiani, okujava, eliava, gegeWkori, orjonikiZe, maTikaSvili, suxiSvili da
ivanov - kavkazski, gamoitanes dadgenileba megruli enis SemoRebisa
skolebSi, sasamarTloebSi da SesaZleblad cnes megruli gazeTebis gamocema,
samegrelos avtonomiis idea ki `dagmes“ viTomdac, ho, magram yovelive
zemoTCamoTvlili RonisZiebebi gana ukve ar moaswavebdnen avtonomias!”
miuxedavad amisa, i. Jvania viTomdac didadaa damwuxrebuli
amgvari dadgenilebiT, raxan avtonomias ara mieca mwvane Suqi, miTumetes, rom
SemdgomSi zemoxsenebulma `burJuaziul–Sovinisturma profesorebma“ iseve
wamoyves, Turme, Tavi da `boroti gavlena“ moaxdines ganaTlebis saxalxo
komitetze da isev aakrZalvines megrulad swavleba skolebSi“. `megreli“
komunistebic daSindnen da gailursnen.
1928 wlis TebervalSi moskovidan Camovida ck vkp (b)-s
instruqtori pSenicini, romelmac moixila samegrelos soflebi da gamoitana
`obieqturi“ daskvna: `megrel glexs unda mivceT skola, sasamarTlo da
popularuli broSura mSobliur enaze“. (`mSobliuri ena“ pSenicinisa da
ZmaTa misTa terminologiiT, megrulia).
ck–s mdivani kaxiani waaxalisa pSenicinis mxriT gamxnevebam
da gamoitana axali dadgenileba 1929 wlis marts megruli enis privilegiebis
aRsadgenad skolaSi, sasamarTloSi saqmis warmoebisas, gazeTis gamocemis

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saqmeSi, am dadgenilebaSi megruls ukve ena ewoda da ara enakavi. amaSia amis
progresio, aRniSnavs i. Jvania.
magram, Turme isev wamoyves Tavi qarTvelma da `megrelma“
Sovinistebma da ayvirdnen: ariqa, Camovida moskovis imperializmis
warmomadgeneli, pSenicini, romelic cdilobs gaTiSos erTiani saqarTvelo“.
am nacionalisturma `Santrapam“ isev gaimarjvao, mosTqvams i.
Jvania da ai, 1929 wlis 3 maisis dadgenilebiT megruli gazeTis gamocema isev
aikrZala. magram `megreli“ bolSevikebi `Jvanias xaziT“ mainc mtkiced dganan
`leninur–stalinur poziciebze“ nacionalur sakiTxSi da ganagrZoben
brZolas. maT axla axali mSvelelebi moevlinen sakavSiro ck-dan -
ibragimovi da malinski. maT moxsenebaSi vkiTxulobT: `marTalia megrelebi da
qarTvelebi tomobrivad enaTesavebian erTmaneTs, magram es ar niSnavs, rom
isini arafriT ar gansxvavdebian urTierTisagan. ar unda daviviwyoT, rom maT
1442 wlidan 1808 wlamde damoukidebeli saxelmwifo hqondaT (aq maT
RalatobT istoriis codna, sinamdvileSi samegrelos samTavro sabolood
gauqmda 1857 wels - avt.) isini eniT gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan, megrel
glexobas ar esmiT qarTuli da ramdenadac yvela partiuli, sabWoTa da sxva
dawesebulebani qarTulad awarmoeben saqmes, farTo mSromeli masebi
moswydnen mas“. (i. Jvanias terminologia).
rogorc vxedavT, yvela moiTxovs `masebisaTvis xelmisawvdom“
dialeqtze gadasvlas, aravis axsendeba, rom moiTxovos namdvili mSobliuri
saliteraturo enis, qarTuli enis swavleba masebisaTvis, romelsac isini
marTlac moswydnen istoriuli bedukuRmarTobis Sedegad. megrul enaze
politliteraturisa da gazeTis uqonloba iseTive CamorCenilobad miaCniaT,
rogorc warmoebis CamorCeniloba – abreSumis qarxnis uqonloba,
melioraciis uqonloba da a.S.
magram i. Jvanias TqmiT, arc aman uSvela saqmes, kvlav
amuxruWeben centridan samegrelos avtonomias. `ratom ar arsebobs megruli
nacia?“ — kiTxvas svams igi, samegrelos xom yvela is Tavisebureba gaaCnia,
risganac iqmneba nacia: 1. kulturisa da yofis erToba; 2. teritoria, 3.
ekonomikuri urTierToba; 4. ena da a.S.
am kiTxvaze bolSevikur pasuxs aravin iZlevao, mosTqvams i.
Jvania. bolSevikuri pasuxisa ki ra mogaxsenoT da es kiTxva ufro
mniSvnelovan sxva kiTxvas hbadebs: riT aixsneba aseTi siyalbe, i. Jvanias

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gonebrivi CamorCenilobiT da sibneliT, Tu Segnebuli boroti ganzraxviTa
da saqarTvelos uborotesi mtrebis mxriT waqezebiT? yvelafers rom Tavi
davaneboT, romel kulturaze gvesaubreba i. Jvania? rodis hqonia samegrelos
sxva kultura, garda qarTuli kulturisa? an, iqneb, arsebobs megruli
damwerloba, megruli arqiteqtura, megruli literatura, megruli ferwera
da a.S.?
aseT kiTxvebze pasuxebis gacemas Tanmimdevrulad arc apirebs
i. Jvania da marqsis, leninisa da stalinis ideebis imedi aqvs, uTanasworo
brZolaSi qarTvel `faSistebTan“ da `burJuaziul–SovinistebTan“, Tumc misi
mdgomareoba arc ise uimedoa: kaxianis, maxaraZis, orjonikiZis, pSenicinis,
ibragimovis, malinskis da sxvaTa garda, man icis, rom hyavs kidev ufro didi
da mZlavri mokavSire, romelic jerjerobiT dums. Tumc es dumili i. Jvanias
Tanxmobad eCveneba da Tavisi gumanis Sesamowmeblad gadawyvets piradad
inaxulos es didi mokavSire da moisminos misi azri samegrelos sakiTxis
Sesaxeb. magram i. Jvania morcxvobs, mas erideba pirispir marto Sexvedra
Tavis did moZRvarTan da amitom provokatorobaSi Tavis kolegas da
separatizmSi Tavis TanamebrZols, nestor lakobas mimarTavs SvelisaTvis.
rogorc ityvian, `guls guli icnobso“, nestoric usityvod gaugebs Tavis
`daCagrul“ moZmes da oriveni gaudgebian soWis gzas, sadaca isvenebs
`proletariatis didi beladi“. isini soWSi Cavlen 1929 wlis 13 seqtembers.
pirveli miRebisTanave gauara i. Jvanias SiSma da morcxvobam. `didma beladma“
misi samive koncefcia moiwona, ai, misi sityvebi: “Tqveni moTxovna gazeTis
gamocemis Sesaxeb, agreTve glexisaTvis gankuTvnili literaturis megrul
enaze Targmnis Sesaxeb sworia. gazeTi dauyovnebliv unda gamovides: nuTu
arseboben adamianebi, romelnic amas ewinaaRmdegebian? maxsovs, jer kidev 1905
wels, proklamaciebi gamodioda megrulad. sabWoTa xelisuflebis dros ki
gana SeiZleba ramis Tqma: igive iTqmis skolebzec. pirveldawyebiT skolebSi
pirvel oTx klasSi megrulad unda aswavlon sagnebi. rac Seexeba
samegrelos olqs, megrel glexebs ufleba aqvT iqonion TavianTi olqi da am
sakiTxs me mxars davuWer ck (b)–Si. aqve miiRo i. Jvaniam miTiTeba Cais
kulturis gaZlierebis Sesaxeb da sxv.
advilad SeiZleba stalinis zemoTxsenebuli sityvebi,
gansakuTrebiT olqis Sesaxeb i. Jvanias fantaziis nayofi iyos, vinaidan
mogvianebiT ganxorcielda mxolod gazeTi, olqze ki sabWoTa mTavroba ar

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iZleoda saqcias. isic cnobilia, rom mogvianebiT stalinma sTqva: “am Jvaniam
gadamkida samegrelodan gamosuli inteligencia: gamsaxurdia, abaSeli,
saxokia, da sxva. maTi azri me ufro sandod mimaCnia, vidre Jvaniasi.
momaSoreT Tavidan es kacio”. albaT amanac gadawyvita Jvanias bedi 1937
wels.
yovelive amas isic gvafiqrebinebs, rom mcire xnis Semdeg
ukve 28 seqtembers, soWidan dabrunebuli m. kaxiani etyvis i. Jvanias: `beladma
gviTxra, ise moiqeciT samegrelos sakiTxSi rogorc umjobesi iyoso“. ase
rom, stalini, rogorc Cans, yoymanobda, ukvirdeboda saqmis viTarebas da
bolos saqarTvelos ck–s gadaabara am saqmis gadawyveta. SemdgomSi olqis
sakiTxi CaiSala, CaiSala foTis olqis Camoyalibebac, romelsac unda
gaeerTianebina samegrelo, guria da svaneTi. samagierod, 1930 wlis pirvel
marts zugdidSi gamoica pirveli megruli gazeTi 17 000 egzemplarad. i.
Jvania legendebs avrcelebs am gazeTis gavrcelebis masStabebze, magram
Tavad aRiarebs, rom es gazeTi aravis undoda Cxorowyusa da senakSi (abaSaze
saerTod dums), vinaidan iq ambobdnen, qarTuli yvelam viciT da megruli
gazeTi ar gvWirdebao. procentuli raodenoba gazeTis mkiTxvelebisa aseTia:
Cxorowyu - 2,2 procenti, abaSa - 2,2 procenti, martvili - 7,8 procenti,
senaki - 1,8 procenti, foTi - 3,3 procenti.
gazeTi umTavresad galsa da zugdidSi vrceldeboda.
magram, rogorc Cans amasobaSi gaZlierda inteligenciis
opozicia - amasTan erTad Tavad samegrelodan gamosul komunistTa
opoziciac. iseve, rogorc inteligenciis opozicias saTaveSi edga
konstantine gaemsaxurdia, komunistTa da Tanamdebobis pirTa opozicias
megruli avtonomiisadmi saTaveSi Caudgnen samegrelodan gamosuli
komunistebi, agreTve amierkavkasiis mTavrobis Tavmjdomare beso lominaZe,
romelTac mZlavri laxvari Casces separatistul moZraobas imiT, rom
gamouTxares Ziri i. Jvanias, rogorc sameurneo xelmZRvanelis avtoritets,
Tumc isini ufro `nacionalizms“ uwunebdnen i. Jvanias, Coxis kults da
klasTa brZolis Sesustebas da sxva. amitom, i. Jvania, yvela maT
`trockistebsa“ da `naxevrad–trockistebs“ “provokatorebs” uwodebs. igi
kvlav isvris braldebebs `burJuaziul“, `Tavadaznaurul“ orientaciaSi da
mohyavs magaliTi Tavad n. dadianisa, samegrelos Tavadaznaurobis marSlisa,
romelic werda guriisa da samegrelos episkoposs, g. dadians: `me da Tqvens

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meufebas iseve rogorc yvela Cvens Tanamedrove `megrels“, mogexsenebaT, rom
Cvens saxlebSi xelSinaurni ver bedaven batonebis TandaswrebiT megrulad
saubars, megrels xom glexebs uwodeben dabali wodebis gamosaxatavad
(margali – mdabiori)“. aqedan gamomdinare, n. dadiani wers: `megrul enakavze
locvanisa da saxelmZRvaneloebis Targmna iqneba antiqristianuli azrebisa
da RvTismgmobelobis xelovnuri gaRviZeba“. megreli glexis da misi enis
ukeTesi daxasiaTeba ar SeiZleba Tavadaznaurobis marSlisagan - aRniSnavs
Jvania. aq igi TviTve aRiarebs, rom `megruli“ glexis enaa da ara naciisa, aba
vin ariso ufro axlos TavadaznaurobasTan, lominaZe Tu Cven.
iqve i. Jvania saintereso eTnografiul `Teorias“ aviTarebs.
`samegrelos sakiTxi, es glexTa sakiTxiao“, - ambobs igi, – glexi megrelebi,
iseve rogorc sxvebi — afxazebi, osebi, lekebi da sxvani, patara
eTnografiuli erovnebani, gamoirCevian Tavisi yofiT da enobrivi
TaviseburebebiT. amitom megrel glexebsac iseve Tbilad unda moeqceT,
rogorc sxva patara xalxebs“.
aq ki namdvilad Seejaxa i. Jvania Tavisi didi moZRvrisa da
beladis koncefcias erovnebis gagebis Sesaxeb, vinaidan aseTi absurdi
stalinsac ar uTqvams, rom ama Tu im naciaSi erTi klasi SeiZleba erT
erovnebas ekuTvnodes, meore klasi — meores, mesame ki — mesames. i. Jvania
mxolod glexebis `megrelobas“ amtkicebs dabejiTebiT, amave qveynis sxva
fenebis `megrelobaze“ ki sdums. Tavadaznaurobas imave qveynisas qarTvel
`faSistebs~, `burJuaziul Sovinistebs~, `trockistebs~ da a.S. uwodebs. ase
rom, misi logikiT, Turme zugdidSi miwis dammuSavebeli glexi megrelia,
xolo meduqne, romelic daxlTan dgas, an oficianti, romelic restoranSi
msaxurobs, aRar aris megreli (aRaras vambobT TbilisSi wasul `megrel~
mosaxleobaze).
amdeni kamaTi tvinnaRrZob i. JvaniasTan albaT arc Rirda,
magram vai rom igi umemkvidreod ar gadagebula, separatistulad ganwyobili
pirni dResac arseboben soxumSi, gudauTaSi, oCamCiresa da galSi, romelTac
Tavis farul `saxarebad~ uqceviaT i. Jvanias nabodvari da mas avrceleben
kidevac xalxSi rusul enaze, Tumc aviwyeebaT, rom masebis sibnele 20-ian da
30-ian wlebisa Seudareblad ufro didi iyo, vidre dRes, amitom maTi
provokaciuli moqmedeba veRar dagvirgvindeba iseTi warmatebebiT, rogorc 50
wlis winaT. Tumc imxanad `samegrelos sakiTxs~ aqtiuri momxreebic hyavda

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saqarTvelos oficialur wreebSi. m. kaxianma ganacxada plenumze 1929 wlis
oqtomberSi: `zugdidis part-organizaciis moTxovna samegrelos sakiTxze
Tavadaznaurobis pozicias ki ar asaxavs, aramed glexebisaso~, xolo
saqarTvelos kompartiis me-6 yrilobaze 1929 wels, delegatma wulukiZem
(raWis samazro komitetis mdivani) waaxalisa `zugdideli amxanagebi~ Tavis
patara avtonomiisaTvis brZolaSi da aplodismentebic miiRo. (ix. stenograma
VI yrilobisa, gv. 24).
rac Seexeba S. eliavas, mas meryeoba axasiaTebda am sakiTxSi.
misi poziciidan gasagebi xdeba, Cvenis azriT, ZiriTadi mizezi imisa, Tu rad
ar dauSva mainc sabolood sabWoTa mTavrobam samegrelos avtonomia. S.
eliava ambobda: `davuSvaT da samegrelos sakiTxi gadawyda ise, rogorc amas
moiTxoven Jvania da misi mimdevrebi. maSin es iqneba agresiuli zoma
qemaliseuli TurqeTis winaaRmdeg. vinaidan iq 300 aTasze meti lazi
cxovrobs, megrulad molaparake”. magram eliava aq marto TurqeTs rodi
dagidevdaT, vinadian samgrelosaTvis avtonomiis miniWebiT iqmneboda safrTxe
lazebis gaerTianebisa saZRvrebs gaRma-gamoRma, rac Tanabrad saziano iyo
rogorc TurqeTisTvis, aseve “ssr kavSirisTvis”, e.i. ruseTisaTvis. unda
vifiqroT, rom es aris ZiriTadi mizezi samegrelos avtonomiis Seferxebisa
da e.w. `aWaris assr~-s Seqmnac emsaxureba mizans e.w. buferuli zonis
Semqnisas or lazeTs Soris, romelTac asxvavebs mxolod sarwmunoeba.
sakavSiro mTavrobis wreebSi, stalinis garda, rogorc Cans,
samegrelos avtonomias mxars uWerda m. kalininic, romelmac me-16
partyrilobis delegatebs Soris myof S. eliavas `civi wyali gadaasxa~
Semdegi sityvebiT: `Cven samegrelos mivcemT olqs~, magram TbilisSi
dabrunebul delegatebs kvlav daxvdaT siurprizi olqis gamocxadebis
akrZalvis saxiT. vinaidan imxanad saerTod aikrZala axali olqebis
gamocxadeba da ufro daraionebaze aiRo kursi kompartiam.
i. Jvanias aqvs Taviseburi `logika~, romelic udavod
gamarTlebulia velikoderJavuli Sovinizmis TvalsazrisiT da aramcdaaramc
samegrelos da sruliad saqarTvelos mosaxleobis interesebiT. igi svams
kiTxvas: `gana aWaris, afxazeTis, samxreT oseTis avtonomia ar ganamtkicebs
sabWoTa xelisuflebas?”
Semdeg i. Jvania igive `logikiT~ ganagrZobs: `swored
sabWoTa xelisufleba ganmtkicdeba saqarTveloSi ufro metad, Tu sxvebTan

9
erTad gveqneba samegrelos avtonomiac~. “oRondac, mivugebT Cven, Tu `sabWoTa
xelisuflebis ganmtkicebaSi” aq igulisxmeba saqarTvelos danawevreba, misi
erovnuli erTianobis mospoba da momavalSi niadagis Semzadeba qarTveli
eris sruli asimilaciisaTvis, maSin i. Jvania marTalia, ase rom, Tu
afxazeTis avtonomiis gamocxadebiT saqarTvelos Camoscilda daaxloebiT
misi meeqvsedi nawili, samegrelos avtonomia mas TiTqmis naxevars
Camoacilebda, e.i. saqarTvelos sazRvari movidoda samtrediasTan. ase, rom
sabWoTa xelisuflebis gaZliereba Jvaniasnairebis `logikiT~ saqarTvelos
erovnul TviTmyofadobisa da teritoriuli mTlianobis mospobas niSnavs da
misi SenarCunebis ukuproporciulia (sainteresoa agreTve, rom i. Jvanias
nomenklaturiT `aWarlebic~ aseTive calke xalxia, rogorc afxazebi da
megrelebi. vostorgovi ukeTes memkvidres ver inatrebda, isic megrul CoxaSi
gamowyobils).
i. Jvania emduris saqarTvelos saxelgams: or weliwadSi sul
ori broSura mogvcao megrul enaze. erT-erTi maTgani aris wigni `WiTa
Cxoria~ (`wiTeli sxivi~) romelzedac dawera recenzia konstantine
gamsaxurdiam da gaugzavna mTavrobas. (ix. `qarTuli ena da literatura
skolaSi”, 1982 w. #3, gv. 143)
am recenziaSi avtori wers: `yovelive hiperbolis gareSe
winamdebare wignis `WiTa Cxorias~ gamosvla vostorgovis leSma rom gaigos,
samareSi (sixaruliT) gadatrieldeba samgzis”.
`aseTi antiqarTuli, qarTuli enisaTvis damRupveli ambavi
didi, didi xania saqarTveloSi ar momxdara... ~
`magaliTisaTvis, dRevandeli holandia me-13-14 saukuneebamdis
qvemo germaniis ganuyofeli nawili iyo da feodalebis wakinklavebis
wyalobiT igi garmanias gamoeTiSa...~
`romanovebis ruseTis bneli xelic iqiTken gaemarTa, rom
qarTuli enisa da erovnebis fargali Seemcirebina da amgvarad samaradJamo
sidamble moegvaraT qarTuli kulturisaTvis. amisaTvis uCiCinebdnen
afxazebs, xolo svanebi, ruseTis gaTaxsirebulma, pederastma episkoposebma
engurSi Cahyares da me-7 saukuneSi monaTluli xalxi TavianT WkuiT,
xelmeored monaTles. amisaTvis muSavdeboda `kavkasiis kalendris~
maxinaciebiT savse statistika~.

10
 `da yovelive amis rezondetri is iyo, rom qarTveli xalxi
saqarTveloSi umciresobad gamoecxadebinaT~.
`mafaluistebis (megreli nacionalistebis) dabnelebuli
goneba imave arguments iSveliebs, romelsac puriSkeviCebi da vostorgovebi
xmarobdnen: eso da megrel glexebs qarTuli ar esmis, qarTuli wera-kiTxva
jvarSi ar iciano.
aki Cven yvelas gvinda xuTwliani gegmis Sesrulebamde
saqarTveloSi arcerTi wera-kiTxvis ucodinari ar darCes? vTqvaT jvarelma
an galelma glexma gazeTi `komunisti~ ver waikiTxa, magram `WiTa Cxoriac~
xom imave anbaniTaa dawerili?”
`sad aris am uebro peetrebis logika?~ - werda
k. gamsaxurdia.
i. Jvanias zizRi inteligenciisadmi iqamde midis, rom igi
sityva `inteligents~ sagineblad xmarobs da gvarwmunebs: marTalia qarTveli
da megreli inteligencia mteria samegrelos avtonomiisa da ar miesalmebao
Cais institutis zegdidSi gadatanas, magram mas miesalmebiano qarTveli
muSebi da glexebi. Tumc konkretulad i. Jvania aseTi muSebisa da glexebis
vinaobas ver asaxelebs da arc Cven gvsmenia raime aseTebis arsebobis Sesaxeb,
romelnic esalmebodnen megrul avtonomias da Cais institutis zugdidSi
gadatanas. qarTveli muSebisa da glexebisa ra mogaxsenoT, magram gamoirkva,
rom TviT zugdidis raikomis biuros wevrebis umravlesobac ki ar
iziarebda samegrelos avtonomiis ideas. amis Sesaxeb gaigzavna werili ck (b)-
Si stalinTan da saqarTvelos cekaSi, agreTve zugdidis raikomSi. Jvaniam
saswrafod moiwvia TaTbiri da dagmo es versia, rogorc `trockistebis~ da
`memarjvene oportunistebis~ mier SeTiTxnili ciliswameba.
i. Jvania garegnulad yovelnairad emijneba `mafaliuzms~ e.w.
`megrul nacionalizms~, Tavis mimdevrebsac cdilobs Camoacilos es laqa
(mag. Wanturias), magram misi ideebis analizisas cxadi xdeba, rom igi
komunisturi ideologiiT da partiuli mandatiT SeniRbuli mafaliustia da
sxva araferi.
i. Jvania icavs megrul enas opozicionerebis bokuCavasa da
pirtaxias kritikisagan, TiTqos megrul enas ar gaaCnia ganyenebuli da
Cveulebrivi azrovnebis gadmocemis saSualebebi. es Tavadaznaurobis
braldebis ganmeorebaao, romelic megrul enas `arasulier~ enad sTvlidao.

11
yovelive amas igi `velikoderJavnikul~ Sovinizms uwodebs (oRond sityva
`qarTuls~ ar xmarobs). bolos i. Jvania bokuCavas amarcxebs da partiidan
garicxavs.
ramdenadac samegrelos mosaxleobis umravlesoba
winaaRmdegi iyo avtonomiis gamocxadebisa, saqarTvelos bolSevikuri
mTavroba iZulebuli iyo eRiarebina, rom `Tavad megrelebs ar surT
samegrelos olqi~. aman mTlad gaacofa i. Jvania. igi wers: `rodesac 1893
wels samegrelos Tavadaznaurobam da samRvdeloebam Tavis yrilobaze
gamoitana dadgenileba megreli xalxis saxeliT samegrelos skolebSi
megrul enaze swavlebis akrZalvis Sesaxeb, igi qristes sarwmunoebis
saxeliT moqmedebda, raTa megrelebi aTeistebad ar qceuliyvnen, amitom
akrZala uwmindesma sinodma megrul enaze swavleba. maSin am saqmes
xelmZRvanelobda `megreli~ Tavadi grigol dadiani, guria-samegrelos
eparqiis episkoposi. maSin gasagebi iyo Tu es xrova rad axrCobda megrel
mSromel xalxs~. dRes ki gaugebaria, - ganagrZobs i. Jvania, - rad imeorebeno
igives Cveni mTavrobis xelmZRvanelebi.
CvenTvis ki gasagebia yovelive. dainaxes ra xalxisa da
inteligenciis erTsulovani opozicia samegrelos avtonomiisadmi,
oficialuri pirebi ukuqcevis gzas daadgnen da guli moukles Jvaniebs
TavianTi uariT.
sainteresoa, rom i. Jvania marto megruli separatizmis
aRorZinebas rodi apirebda, aramed svanur separatizmsac uyrida safuZvels.
es moCans partiis zugdidis samazro komitetis gafarToebuli plenumis
masalebidan, kerZod, i. Jvanias gamosvlidan am plenumze. uaryo ra foTis
olqis Seqmnis SesaZlebloba, romelsac unda gaeerTienabina samegrelo,
guria da svaneTi erT administrqciul erTeulSi, i. Jvaniam wamoayena axali
Teza svaneT-samegrelos olqis Sesaxeb, rasac imiT asabuTebda, rom
`samegrelo da svaneTi mudam warmoadgendnen erT ekonomikur da geografiul
mTlianobas, rac uZiriTadesi principia am mxaris daraionebisaTvis~.
plenumi kategoriulad moiTxovda svaneT-samegrelos olqis
centrad q. zugdidis gamocxadebas, vinaidan zugdidi iyo da aris svaneTis da
samegrelos mosaxleobis umravlesobisaTvis geografiul-ekonomikuri,
kulturuli da administraciuli centri. es gaerTianeba i. Jvanias sityviT
xels Seuwyobda Cais meurneobis, qaRaldisa da sxva warmoebis ganviTarebas

12
da a. S. amaze man, rogorc Cans, svaneTSic bevri agitacia gaswia, vinaidan
miiRo svaneTis aRmaskomisagan specialuri `mandati~. svaneTis mizanSi
amoRebac ar gaxlavT SemTxveviTi, vinaidan Savrazmeli rusifikatorebi XIX
saukunisa uslari, vostorgovi da sxvani svanuri anbanisa da svanuri wirva-
locvis SemoRebazec ocnebobdnen. maTma Rirseulma memkvidreebma Rirseulad
gaagrZeles maTi saqme.
yovelive zemoTqmulis Semdeg, `mafaluizmis~ ideebis
qadagebis Semdeg i. Jvanias ar aviwydeba `internacionalistis~ niRbis gakeTeba
da farisevlurad acxadebs, rom `zugdidis partorganizacia~ bolSevikurad
amxelda da aZevebda yovelTvis e.w. `mafaluistebs~, iseT megrel
nacionalistebs, rogoric iyvnen eqimi f. Sengelia, T. Tordia, m. dadiani da
sxva. magramo - dasZens Jvania, - mas Semdeg rac zugdidis raikomis
xelmZRvanelobas Camoaciles is xalxi, vinc zrunavda samegrelos olqze, es
mafaluistebi aRadgines da mSvidad muSaobeno TavianT adgilebze.
saqarTvelos ssr mTavrobis wevrTa pozicia ase Tu ise gamovlinda
samegrelos sakiTxSi, xolo l. berias pozicia gaurkvevlad da bundovnad
rCeboda. misi poziciis Sesaxeb Cven SegviZlia vimsjeloT Semdegi faqtebidan
gamomdinare. saqarTvelos kp-s pirvel mdivnad Tavis daniSvnis Semdeg l.
beriam mosTxova Jvanias oficialuri angariSi samegrelos sakiTxis Sesaxeb
da moiTxova misgan informacia, Tu romeli raionebisagan apirebda i. Jvania
samegrelos olqis Seqmnas.
i. Jvaniam dawera angariSi, romelSic CamoTvala es raionebi:
zugdidis, walenjixis, Cxorowyus, xobis, senakis, nawilobriv martvilis,
abaSisa da foTis. Tan daurTo agreTve oqmebi da angariSebi biuros
sxdomebisa da plenumebisa. agreTve werilebi sxvadasxva instanciebSi. amis
Semdeg berias araviTari reaqcia ar Cans, Tumc Jvaniam mas da maxareZes kidev
gaugzavna werilebi, magram, Cveni azriT, berias reaqciaze yvelaze ufro
naTlad metyvelebs is faqti, rom amis Semdeg male gaanTavisufla Jvania
zugdidis raikomis pirveli mdivnobidan, xolo Semdeg 1937 wlis `wmendaSi~
moayola da mospo (cxadia, es misi patriotizmis Sedegi ki ar iyo, ase
sjobda misi karierisaTvis: diskreditirebuli saqmis da diskreditirebuli
kacis gawirva).
amiT daesva wertili ybadaRebul `samegrelos sakiTxs~,
magram rogorc vTqviT, ara samudamod, ukanasknel xanebSi samegrelos

13
zogierT raionebSi (romlebic dRes e.w. afxazeTis assr-Si Sedian) Tavi
wamoyo isev separatistulma ganwyobilebebma. ra aris amis mizezi?
Cvenis azriT, erT-erTi umTavresi mizezia ukulturoba,
umecreba, humanitaruli ganaTlebis sistemis dabali done saqarTveloSi,
gansakuTrebiT periferiebSi. sxvagvarad ver Seafaseb vinme jojuas werils
gudauTis gazeT `bzifSi~ da dgebuavas werils xobis gazeTSi.
dRevandeli saqarTvelos mosaxleobis umravlesobam ar icis
Tavisi erovnuli vinaoba, Tavisi eris istoriuli warsuli, vinaidan arvin
zrunavs misTvis amgvari codnis miwodebaze. yvelafers rom Tavi davaneboT,
samegrelos yvela raions aqvs sakuTari gazeTi, magram jer ar yofila
SemTxveva, rom am gazeTebs mokled, popularul formebSi mainc ganemartoT
mosaxleobisaTvis, Tu ras niSnavs termini `saqarTvelo~, `qarTveli~,
“megreli”, `imereli~ da sxva. an daebeWdoT mokle cnobebi saqarTvelos
istoriis Sesaxeb. ufro metic, ara Tu raionebis, Tbilisis mosaxleobis
umravlesobas, albaT, ar gaaCnia warmodgena imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra iyo
samegrelos samTavro, levan dadianis kari. bevrma ar icis magaliTad, rom
qarTuli kultura yovelTvis iyo erTaderTi kultura samegreloSi, xolo
qarTuli ena gabatonebuli iyo TviT calke samTavros gamoyofis Semdegac,
rogorc mTavris karze, ise eklesiaSi, ise warCinebul ojaxebSi, rom
megreloba akad. berZeniSvilis TqmiT SuasaukuneebSi kulturulad arc ki
arsebobda. qarTuli iyo saxelmwifo da samwignobro ena samegrelos
samTavrosi. megruli ena ufro xalxis salaparako ena iyo.
megrulis esoden wamoweva dRevandel samegreloSi gamoiwvia
eklesiisa da Tavadaznauruli wodebis, inteligenciis xelovnurma
ganadgurebam, kulturis dacemam, ganaTlebis Seferxebam.
magaliTad, kiTxvaze: romel enaze laparakobda cotne
dadiani? Tanamedrove saqarTvelos TviT ganaTlebuli kulturuli
adamianebis umravlesobac albaT mogigebT, rom igi laparakobda megrul
enaze, amasTanave yvela darwmunebulia, rom cotne dadiani `megrelad~
Tvlida Tavs aseT umecrebas ki iwvevs saqarTvelos istoriis, rogorc sagnis,
faqtiuri gauqmeba Cvens skolebSi, Cveni istoriis popularizaciis mcire
masStabebi; rac Zalze Sors mimaval miznebs isaxavs, am koleqtiuri
umecrebis organizatorebi xelmZRvaneloben jorj orueliseuli
legendaruli saxelmwifos umTavresi deviziT: “umecreba Zalaa”. marTlac da

14
didi iaraRia umecreba, rodesac ginda mTeli eri gadaagvaro, daukargo mas
TviTcnobiereba da daaviwyo Tavisi erovnuli vinaoba, kuTxeebad daanawevro,
yovelive amas umecrebis danergvis gareSe verafriT SesZleb.
megruli separatizmi wveTi wyaliviT hgavs afxazur da
musulmanur-mesxur separatizms. samive SemTxvevaSi erTi da igive saqmesTan
gvaqvs saqme. vinc kargad icnobs saqmis viTarebas, misTvis cxadia, rom
amgvari separatistuli ideebis matarebeli yovelTvis ukulturo, bneli
adamianebi arian. romlebic Tavis umecrebaze ageben Tavis `doqtrinebs~. mag.
erT-erTi musulmani - mesxi (sarvarovi) amtkicebs, TiTqos mesxebma I saukuneSi
miiRes islami da rom isini I sukuneebSive musulmanebi iyvnen, magram
sakmarisia adamianma miiRos elementaruli ganaTleba, rom igi amgvar
separatizms gmobs da emijneba. magaliTad namdvil musulman mesxTa Soris
saSualo da umaRlesdamTavrebulni erTxmad aRiareben, rom isini erovnebiT
qarTvelebi arian. wera-kiTxvis ar mcodneni da uwignurni ki rogorc wesi,
Turqebad Tvlian Tavs, vinaidan ver gaurCeviaT erTmaneTisgan erovneba da
religia. sityva `Turqi~ maTTvis mahmadianis sinonimia. asevea afxazeTSic.
namdvili da keTilsindisieri afxazi mecnierebi aRiareben, rom arasodes
afxazeTs ar uarsebia, rogorc damoukidebel erovnebas, rom ar arsebobda
afxazuri kultura, damwerloba, afxazuri eklesia, rom afxazeTis istoria,
igive dasavleT saqarTvelos istoriaa, rom afxazeTis kultura istoriulad
igive qarTuli kulturaa, rom afxazebs arasodes hqoniaT sxva saxelmwifo
da samwignobro ena garda qarTulisa, rom afxazeTis teritoriaze mdebare
kulturis Zeglebi qarTuli kulturis Zeglebia da rom adiReur afsuuri
elementi da misi ena XVII saukunidan wamoeZala dRevandel afxazeTs, rac
gamoiwvia saqarTvelos samefos dacemam da dakninebam, kuTxeebad
daqucmacebam. dRes ukve sadao aRar aris, rom afxazeTi qarTuli,
qristianuli kuTxe iyo XV saukunemde, xolo XV_XVII saukuneebSi e.w. `mTis
Camowolis~ anu CrdiloeT kavkasiuri tomebis Camosaxlebis Sedegad moxda
qristianuli qarTuli afxazeTis kvlav warmarTobad miqceva, amave dros
moxda eTniuri Secvla, qarTuli afxazeTisa adiReur, araqarTul afxazeTad
(n. berZeniSvili, p. ingoroyva).
osmalebma gamoiyenes (adleris mxridan) dasavleTis
mTianeTis afsuebi aRmosavleT-samxreTi afxazeTis dasamorCielblad da
qarTuli feodaluri afxazeTis kvlav misaqcevad, magram afxazeTis

15
Tavadaznauroba kvlav Zveli tradiciebis erTguli darCa. man SeinarCuna
qristianoba da qarTuli ena, igi qarTvelobda gasxvavebiT afsuebis mdabio
wodebisagan, romlisTvisac ucxo iyo qarTuli elementebi. dRevandeli
gabatoneba adiReuri elementisa gamowveulia agreTve Tavadaznaurobisa da
eklesiis mospobiT, romelic iyo matarebeli qarTuli elementisa. amas
uaryofen mxolod mtris mier daqiravebuli provokator-separatistebi,
romelTac mZlavri mxardaWera aqvT moskovis zogi `amxanagis~ mxridan.
dRevandel mecnierebaSi garkveulia, rom Tanamedrove
qarTuli da megruli warmoadgenen erTi saerTo protoqarTuli (maris
terminologiiT e.w. iafeturi) fuZe-enis or ganStoebas, romelTagan erTi
(qarTuli) gaxda samwignobro ena, xolo meore (megruli) SemorCa dasavleT
saqarTveloSi, rogorc xalxis salaparako ena, iseve rogorc italiaSi e.w.
logudoruli da kampidanuri, germaniaSi Svaburi, zemo saqsonuri da a. S.,
romelnic ufro metad gansxvavdebian germanulisagan, vidre megruli
qarTulisagan.
amasTan yovelive zemoTqmuli imas rodi niSnavs, rom Cven
davakninoT megrulis mniSvneloba qarTuli enis ganviTarebaSi, megruli
qarTveluri enaa, masSi SemorCenilia uZvelesi plastebi protoqarTuli fuZe-
enisa, agreTve Zveli qarTulisa, ai, ras ambobda magaliTad, akaki wereTeli:
`megruli dRes salaroa namdvili qarTuli sityvebisa. aRmosavleT
saqarTvelos dahkargvia namdvili qarTuli sityvebi, maT nacvlad somxur-
TaTrul-sparsuli SemouRia, romelic qarTvelis yurs cudad eCxireba da
gulsa swyins da megrul enaSi ki Semonaxulan margalitad is Zveli sityvebi.
Cven vurCevT Cvens mwerleb-mwignobrebs meti yuradReba miaqcion megruls,
rom iqidan amokrebili sityvebiT Seivson dRes maTi Selaxuli qarTuli
leqsikoni~. me mgoni axal droSi konstantine gamsaxurdiam, simon Ciqovanma,
Salva dadianma, leo qiaCelma da samegrelodan gamosulma sxva mwerlebma
SesaniSnavad aRasrules akakis es anderZi TavianT SemoqmedebaSi.
albaT JvaniasaTvisac vinmes rom eswavlebina Tavis droze
saqarTvelos istoria, igi Tavis separatistul bodvebs ar ahyveboda. Tumc
saqmes is arTulebs, rom zemoT CamoTvlil samive tomis xalxSic SeiZleba
SevxvdeT umaRlesdamTavrebul da ase Tu ise ganaTlebul adamianebs,
romlebic Segnebulad ayalbeben istorias da sargebloben ra masebis
sibneliT, STaunergaven maT separatistul ideebs. aseTi SeniRbuli

16
provokatorebi mtris waqezebiT moqmedeben da misganve zerggamagrebulni
sargebloben sruli dausjelobiT. saWiroa maTi gamovlena da mxileba.
amave dros zogierTi fsevdointeligenti CvenSi, romelic
brtyel-brtyel frazebs ar iSurebs saqarTvelos sadideblad, xangamoSvebiT
aseT `Teoriebsac~ aviTarebs: `ra esaqmebaT megrelebs qarTul erovnul
moZraobasTan, ra megrelebis saqmea saqarTvelos tkivilebi, megrelebis
gakeTebuli qarTuli saqme vis unaxavso~. Tumc aseTebi upiratesad is
medroveni arian, or skamze jdomas rom cdilobdnen da or batons rom
emsaxurebodnen, da aseT `Teoriebsac~, albaT Cveni mtrebis davalebiT
aviTareben. swored aseTni cdiloben SeaTavson `patriotuli moRvaweoba~
mtris agentobasTan. msgavsi vaipatriotebis mizeziT, samegrelos engursgaRma
nawilSi samurzayanoSi, megrelTa Soris ukve SeiniSneba dabneuloba da
ukmayofileba, rac SeiZleba megrul separatizmSi gadaizardos, rac saboloo
laxvari iqneba saqarTvelosaTvis. qarTuli erovnuli Segneba xom yvelaze
dabal donezea swored dRevandeli `afxazeTis~ assr-s mkvidrebSi.
samurzayanoc xom `afxazeTad~ iTvleba 1921 wlis Semdeg. Tumc iq afxazuri
mosaxleoba 1 procentsac ver aRwevs, xolo is daufaravi antiqarTuli
agitacia, romelsac Cveni mtrebi ewevian afxazeTSi, iqaur megrelobaze
udides gavlenas axdens da gzas uxsnis maT `gaafxazebisa~ da
`gamegrelebisaken~.
1981-1989 w.

17