Equilibrium no force is acting on the system to deform it in any manner

Closed System no exchange of matter, only energy

Open System exchange of both matter and energy
Isolated System no exchange of matter and energy
Isothermal Process temperature remains constant
Isobaric Process pressure remains constant
Isochoric Process volume remains constant
Internal energy energy generated due to vibration, rotation, bonding
etc.
Adiabatic Process internal energy remains constant
Intensive properties mass independent properties, eg. Temperature
Extensive properties mass dependent properties, eg. density

First Law: Mechanical work done by the system is proportional to the heat
applied on the system, W H
= +
Second Law: It is impossible to construct a device which, operating in a
cycle, will produce no other effect than the transfer of heat from a colder to
a hotter body (Clausius)

Increasing Shells
Atomic Radii increases
Increasing Coulomb attraction
Atomic Radii decreases