Shannon Cain

16 September 2014

Review Questions for Chapters 1 and 2

1.1 What is Science?
-What is the goal of science?
-What is an inference? What is a hypothesis?
-True or False. A hypothesis should be stated in such a way that it can never be proved wrong.

1.2 How Scientists Work

-What is spontaneous generation?
-What is a controlled experiment?
-Describe Redis experiment. What was the manipulated variable?
-What was Needhams hypothesis?
-How was Spallanzanis experiment different from Needhams?
-Describe Pasteurs experiment.
-What is a theory?
-True or false. A theory may be revised or replaced by a more useful explanation.

1.3 Studying Life

-RED SCOUR
-What is homeostasis?
-What is metabolism?
-What is a cell?
-What 3 things are included in the level of organization groups of cells?
-What is a community?
-What is a stimulus?

1.4 Tools and Procedures

-What is a cell culture?
-What is cell fractionation?
-What would scientists use to see a detailed image of the surface of a cell?

Shannon Cain
16 September 2014

2.1 The Nature of Matter

-What is the basic unit of matter?
-What is found in the nucleus?
-What does the atomic number represent?
-What is an isotope?
-Which isotope of carbon is radioactive?
-Write four uses for radioactive isotopes.
-What does the atomic number represent?
-True or false. An atom that loses electrons has a negative charge.
-What is the substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in
definite proportions?
-What are two types of bonds?
-Describe an ionic bond? What do we call the structures that are formed?
-Describe a covalent bond. What is the smallest unit of most compounds called?
-What are Van der Waals forces?
-How many electrons fill the first energy level of an atom? What about the second energy level?
-What are the electrons available to form bonds called?
-How many electrons are shared in a double bond?

2.2 Properties of Water

-What does it mean when we say a water molecule is polar?
-What is the difference between cohesion and adhesion?
-What is a mixture?
-What is a solvent? What is a solute?
-What is a suspension?
-What is a buffer?
-How many more H+ ions does a solution with a pH of 4 have than a pH of 5?
-What kinds of ions do bases produce in solution?

Shannon Cain
16 September 2014

2.3 Carbon Compounds

-How many valence electrons does each carbon have?
-Contrast a saturated fat and an unsaturated fat.
-What are the monomers of proteins called?
-What two groups does every protein have?
-Contrast DNA and RNA.
-Name two functions of proteins.
-How do plants and animals store excess sugar?
-A nucleotide consists of what three parts?
-Other than store energy, what are the two other main functions of lipids?
-What are polysaccharides?

2.4 Chemical Reactions and Enzymes

-What is an enzyme?
When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, what are the reactants called?
-Where do substrates bind?
-What do enzymes do?
-Are all catalysts proteins?
-What is an endothermic reaction?
-Why is it important for organisms to have enzymes?
-To determine if a reaction absorbs or releases energy, what should you look at on the graph?
-What does it mean if an enzyme is denatured?
-What can cause an enzyme to be denatured?