Professional Documents
Culture Documents
INTRODUCCION
Mortalidad: 3 a 9%
9 - 19 % de todas las complicaciones qcas.
5 - 7% de las muertes asociadas a anestesia.
Perioperative Anaphylaxis. Violeta Rgnier Galvo & Pedro Giavina-Bianchi & Mariana Castells. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep (2014) 14:452.
Perioperative anaphylactic reactions: Review and procedure protocol in paediatrics. A.V. Michavila Gomez et al. Allergologia Immunopathologia (Madr). 2013.
Reacciones Hipersensibilidad
Inmediata
Cardiovasculares
Respiratorias
Mucocutneos
Ocurre entre los primeros minutos hasta 60 min luego de la exposicin del agente causal.
Diagnostico es clnico.
Perioperative Anaphylaxis. Violeta Rgnier Galvo & Pedro Giavina-Bianchi & Mariana Castells. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep (2014) 14:452.
Mecanismo de produccin
Inmunolgica mediado por IgE
( 60 70% ).
reacciones anafilactoideas
Mediadas por IgG o IgM
Rx antigeno anticuerpo + activacin de
complemento.
No requieren exposicin previa.
No aumentan con la exposicin
Pueden ser minimizadas con
premedicacin (contrastes)
Perioperative anaphylactic reactions: Review and procedure protocol in paediatrics. A.V. Michavila Gomez et al. Allergologia Immunopathologia (Madr). 2013.
Mecanismo de produccin
Frmacos involucrados
Relajantes Neuromusculares (50-70%)
Ltex (20%)
Antibiticos (15%)
Hipnticos
Opioides
Coloides
A. Locales
Tinturas y antispticos
0,09%
En subgrupo menores de 2 aos la mayora son mediadas por IgE y se asocian al Ltex (41,8%) y en
adolescentes la mayora es por RNM
Perioperative Anaphylaxis. Violeta Rgnier Galvo & Pedro Giavina-Bianchi & Mariana Castells. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep (2014) 14:452.
Perioperative anaphylaxis. Mertes PM, Lambert M, et al. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2009;29: 429---51. .
Factores de Riesgo
Antec. de signos o sntomas severos de alergia en cirugas anteriores sin estudio posterior.
Mastocitosis Sistmica
Perioperative Anaphylaxis. Violeta Rgnier Galvo & Pedro Giavina-Bianchi & Mariana Castells. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep (2014) 14:452.
Allergy and anaphylaxis in anaesthesia. P.M. Mertes, M.C. Laxenaire. Minerva Anestesiol 2004;70:285-91
Bloqueadores Neuromusculares
1/ 5200 1/ 6500
Perioperative Anaphylaxis. Violeta Rgnier Galvo & Pedro Giavina-Bianchi & Mariana Castells. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep (2014) 14:452.
Perioperative anaphylactic reactions: Review and procedure protocol in paediatrics. A.V. Michavila Gomez et al. Allergologia Immunopathologia (Madr). 2013.
Principales involucrados:
Succionilcolina
Rocuronio
Atracurio
Presentan reaccin cruzada de 65% a 80% con otros RNM del mismo grupo
Perioperative Anaphylaxis. Violeta Rgnier Galvo & Pedro Giavina-Bianchi & Mariana Castells. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep (2014) 14:452.
Perioperative anaphylactic reactions: Review and procedure protocol in paediatrics. A.V. Michavila Gomez et al. Allergologia Immunopathologia (Madr). 2013.
Ltex
13 Alrgenos involucrados:
Segn va de contacto
Alergia alimentaria:
Quinolonas: No en pediatria
Inductores (2%)
Benzodiacepinas:
Propofol
Solucin lipdica:
Aceite de soya 10%
Glicerol 2,25%
Lecitina de huevo 1,2% (YEMA)
Contiene 2 grupos isopropil que
actan como epitopes
antignicos.
Perioperative Anaphylaxis. Violeta Rgnier Galvo & Pedro Giavina-Bianchi & Mariana Castells. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep (2014) 14:452.
Anesthesia in the patient with multiple drug allergies: are all allergies the same? .Pascale Dewachtera et colls. Current Opinion in Anesthesiology 2011, 24:00000.
Opioides
Anestsicos Locales
Reacciones raras.
Methylparaben
Parabens
Metabisulfito
Tinturas
Coloides (4%)
Azul Isosulfan
Azul de Metileno: NO
Three suspected cases of sugammadex-induced anaphylactic shock. Tomonori Takazawa et cols. BMC Anesthesiology 2014, 14:92
Diagnstico
Perioperative anaphylactic reactions: Review and procedure protocol in paediatrics. A.V. Michavila Gomez et al. Allergologia Immunopathologia (Madr). 2013.
Gastrointestinales
Rash
Nauseas
Urticaria
Vmitos
Edema
Diarrea
Eritema
Manifestaciones
clnicas
Respiratorias
Rinoconjuntivitis
Obstruccion Via area sup e inf
Aumento Presin VA
Broncoespasmo (39-50%)
Cardiovasculares
Taquicardia Bradicardia
Pulso Dbil
Hipotensin
PCR (1,9% sntoma nico)
Mertes PM, Laxenaire MC. Allergic reactions occuring during anaesthesia. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2002;19:240---62.
Diagnstico : Triptasa
Niveles > 25 g/L sugiere reaccion mediada por IgE y en menor medida en
reacciones no alergicas
Perioperative anaphylactic reactions: Review and procedure protocol in paediatrics. A.V. Michavila Gomez et al. Allergologia Immunopathologia (Madr). 2013.
.
Manejo de Anafilaxia
Eliminar agente causal probable y todas las drogas que se estn administrando.
Monitoreo continuo.
Epinefrina:
IM: 0,01 mg/kg/dosis. Repetir segn necesidad (MAX 0,5 mg)
Ev: 0,75-1,5 g/Kg / dosis.
BIC: 0,1 mcg/kg/min hasta 1 mcg/kg/min (max 2 5 mcg)
Volemizacin:
Cristaloides: 20 ml/kg en bolo. Repetir hasta 50 ml/kg
Coloides (albumina 5% O Voluven): 10 ml/kg en 20 min.
Perioperative anaphylactic reactions: Review and procedure protocol in paediatrics. A.V. Michavila Gomez et al. Allergologia Immunopathologia (Madr). 2013
Manejo actual de la anafilaxia. ANTHONY FT BROWN. Emergencias 2009; 21: 213-223
Glucagn: 20 a 30 ug/kg
Dopamina: 5 20 mcg/kg/min
Salbutamol:
2 lnea tto.
Anti H1:
Anti H2:
Corticoides:
Perioperative anaphylactic reactions: Review and procedure protocol in paediatrics. A.V. Michavila Gomez et al. Allergologia Immunopathologia (Madr). 2013
Manejo actual de la anafilaxia. ANTHONY FT BROWN. Emergencias 2009; 21: 213-223
Estudio perioperatorio
Se debe evaluar:
Alergia al ltex. Claudio A. Parisi, et cols. Arch Argent Pediatr 2006; 104(6):520-529 / 520.
Prevencin
Perioperative anaphylactic reactions: Review and procedure protocol in paediatrics. A.V. Michavila Gomez et al. Allergologia Immunopathologia (Madr). 2013
Bibliografa
Perioperative Anaphylaxis. Violeta Rgnier Galvo & Pedro Giavina-Bianchi & Mariana Castells. Curr
Allergy Asthma Rep (2014) 14:452.
Perioperative anaphylactic reactions: Review and procedure protocol in paediatrics. A.V. Michavila Gomez
et al. Allergologia Immunopathologia (Madr). 2013.
Anaphylactic and anaphylactoid reactions during the perioperative period. Lagopoulos V 1, Gigi E2.
HIPPOKRATIA 2011, 15, 2: 138-140.
Alergia al ltex. Claudio A. Parisi, et cols. Arch Argent Pediatr 2006; 104(6):520-529 / 520.
Allergy and anap hylaxis in anaesthesia. P.M. MERTES, M.C. LAXENAIRE. MINERVA ANESTESIOL
2004;70:285-91
Anesthesia in the patient with multiple drug allergies: are all allergies the same? .Pascale Dewachtera et
colls. Current Opinion in Anesthesiology 2011, 24:000000.
Three suspected cases of sugammadex-induced anaphylactic shock. Tomonori Takazawa et cols. BMC
Anesthesiology 2014, 14:92