EL PRESENTE DEL VERBO TO BE AFIRMATIVA FORMA CONTRAIDA lam tm you are you're he he's she is she's it its we we're you are you're they they're ‘ ‘Significa ser 0 estar, pero cuando expresamos la edad y estados como hungry 0 thirsty se traduce por fener y cuando nos referimos al tiempo atmosférico por hacer. ‘También se usa para indicar el precio de las cosas. En la conversacion se usan mas las formas contraldas. Its late. (Es tarde.) My parents are at home. (Mis padres estén en casa.) ‘* Al decir la profesién de una persona ponemos el articulo a / an, pero si hablamos en plural, no Jam a tour guide. (Soy guia turstico.) ‘My parents are doctors. (Mis padres son médicos.) NECATIVA FORMA CONTRAIDA Lam not 'm not you are not you aren't / you're not he. he isn’t / he's not she isnot she isn't / she's not at itisn’t /it’s not we we aren't / we're not you are not you aren't / you're not they they aren't / they're not * En negativa se le afiade detras la particula not o n't. poe INTERROGATIVA _ AFIRMATIVA / NEGATIVA. Am1...? Yes, 1am. / No, I'm not. Are you... ? ‘Yes, you are. / No, you aren't. Babe 7 Yes, he is. / No, he isn't. He ce? Yes, she is. No, she isn't. on Yes, it s./ No, it isn’t Are we ..? ao 2 Yes, we are. / No, we aren't. Mey? Yes, you are. / No, you aren't. Yes, they are. / No, they aren't. * En la interrogativa ponemos el verbo to be delante del sujeto, Recuerda que en inglés, el signo de interrogacion. sélo se pone al final de la pregunta. OEE «Las respuestas breves son las que damos con un simple i 0.n0, pero en inglés se forman con yes ono + un pronombre personal + el verbo to be sin contraer en afirmativa y contraido en negativa Is your father a barman? Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t. (Tu padre es camarero? Si. / No.) EJERCICIO Traduce. 1am Italian. Are you Chinese? She isn't a teacher. We are students. Is Dan at school? wawne Preguntas con particulas interrogativas ‘Estas preguntas no se pueden contestar con un s/o Un no, requieren una respuesta mas completa. Las principales son: What? (¢Qué?/Cual/es?), How? (4Cémo?), How often? (Con qué frecuencia?), Where? (2Dénde?) y Who? (.Quiérves?). Who is he? He's the vet. (2Quién es? Es el veterinaro.) EL VERBO HAVE GOT AFIRMATIVA FORMA CONTRAIDA 1 Ive got you. peers aot you've got he he's got she has got she's got it its got we we've got you have got you've got they they've got * Significa tener y sitve para expresar lo que poseemios © las caracteristicas de alguien o algo cuando lo describimos. She has (She's) got a friend. (Ella tiene un amigo.) We've got two cats. (Tenemos dos gatos.) NEGATIVA FORMA CONTRAIDA 1 1 you havenotget yo, haven't got he he she hasnotgot she_—_—hasn't got it it we we you havenot got you —_ haven't got they ‘they eighty-nine 89EOD ‘En negativa se pone not o n't entre have / has y got. Ihave not (haven't) got a pen. (No tengo boli.) Ps INTERROGATIVA AFIRMATIVA / NEGATIVA Havel got..? Yes, |have. No, I haven't. Have you got... ?._ Yes. you have. / No, you haven't. Has he got ..? Yes, he has. / No, he hasn't. Has she got... 7 Yes, she has. / No, she hasn't. Hasit got...? Yes, it has. No, it hasn't. Have we got...? Yes, we have. /No, we haven't. Have you got ..?__ Yes, you have. / No, you haven't. Have they got ..?_ Yes. they have. / No, they haven't. * En interrogativa, el sujeto va detras de have / has y en las respuestas breves s6lo usamos el pronombre personal sujeto + have / has o haven't / hasn't. Have you got any plans for today? Yes, I have. / No, haven't. (Tienes algun plan para hoy? Si. /No.) EJERCICIO Traduce. 1. Tom has got a book. 2. Kate hasn't got a pen. 3. Have you got a dictionary? 4, We haven't got a cat. 5. Ihave got a long name. EL VERBO LIKE + SUSTANTIVO + Para expresar nuestros gustos usamos el verbo like (gustar) seguido de un nombre. I ike this picture. (Me gusta este cuadro.) * En negativa utiliza don’t / doesn’t, y en interrogativa recuerda poner do / does delante del sujeto. We don’t like football. (No nos gusta el fitbol.) Does he like coffee? (Le gusta el café?) EL VERBO LIKE + VERBO + ING '* Para indicar lo que nos gusta 0 no hacer utilizamos e! verbo like seguido de un verbo terminado en ing He doesn’t like cleaning. (No le gusta limpiar) Traduce. 1. Like tea. 2. [like listening to music. 3. She likes cats, 4, He likes playing football 5. Do you like studying? 90 ninety AIAN ‘* El articulo indefinido a / an va delante de un nombre contable en singular y significa un/una; an sélo se usa cuando la siguiente palabra empieza por vocal oh muda, Ive got a cake. (Tengo una tarta.) It's an interesting book, (Es un libro interesante.) He is an honest boy. (El es un chico honesto.) SOME | ANY Some ‘con contables en plural y no contables unoslas, algunosias fen frases I've got some friends in ireland. afirmativas un poco de, algo de o no se traduce She's got some milk in the fridge. Any con contables en plural y no contables ningtinla, nada de o no se traduce en frases haven't got any cats. negativas haven't got any water. algtinia, lgunosies, algo de 0 no se en frases traduce interrogativas Have you got any brothers? Have you got any sugar in your tea? EJERCICIO Rodea las respuestas correctas. 1, Dan is a/an electrician 2. lam a/an vet 3, Have you got some / any money here? 4, | have got some / any pens. 5. We haven't got some / any homework. THERE IS | THERE ARE AFIRMATIVA FORMA CONTRAIDA There is There's There are — * There is significa que hay una cosa, y por eso va seguido de un nombre contable en singular o de uno ro contable. There are significa que hay dos cosas 0 més y solo puede ir con nombres contables en plural. There is a hospital. (Hay un hospital.) There’s some water in the glass. (Hay [un poco de] agua en el vaso.) There are some people in the theatre. (Hay algunas personas en el teatro.)NEGATIVA FORMA CONTRAIDA There is not There isn't ‘There are not ‘There aren't * La negativa se forma afadiendo detras not o n't. There isn't any sugar in the cupboard. (No hay [nada de] azdcar en el armario.) Traduce. 1. There is a cat on the bed. There are two dogs in the house. There aren't any pictures in the room. There isn’t any homework today. There is some coffee on the table. yawn INTERROGATIVA, Is there... Yes, there is. / No, there isn't. Are there .. 7 Yes, there are. / No, there aren't, RESPUESTAS BREVES * Las preguntas empiezan con is / are, y en las respuestas breves volveros al orden normal, usando las formas contraidas en las negativas. Are there any potatoes on the table? Yes, there are. / No, there aren’t. (Hay patatas en la mesa? Si. / No.) EJERCICIO ‘Completa las preguntas con /s there / Are there. Después completa las respuestas breves. . any tea? Yes, any children here? Yes, any apples in the bag? No, a cinema on your street? Yes, ... any water in the glass? No, .. weawne EL PRESENT SIMPLE AFIRMATIVA ‘TRADUCCION 1 coro, run you corres he icone she runs ella corre it corre we corremos you run corréis they corren ‘Se usa para expresar hechos habituales, situaciones y estados. La 3* persona del singular afiade una s al final Carmen runs on Mondays. (Carmen corre los lunes.) CDT + Sin embargo, los siguientes verbos aftaden es: ~ Los acabados en consonante + y, que ademas cambian la y por i: study - studies. ~ Los terminados en ch, s, sh y x: watch - watches, miss - misses, wash - washes, mix - mixes. ~ Los que terminan en 0: do - does. * No olvides nunca poner el sujeto en inglés, aunque sea tun pronombre personal y rara vez se traduzca. I work at a bank. (Trabajo en un banco.) EJERCICIO Traduce. 1. She dances every day. 2. You play the guitar. 3. L exercise at the weekend. 4, Robert travels every week. 5. We play football in the evenings. NEGATIVA FORMA CONTRAIDA ; do not swim ea don’t swim he he she doesnot swim she doesn’t swim it it we we you donotswim you —_ don't swim they they ‘+ En negativa necesita do / does + not o don't / doesn't. They do not (don't) swim on Sunday mornings. (€llos no nadan los domingos por la mariana.) EJERCICIO Pon en negativa las siguientes frases. 1. [like your hair. 2. Mark and | study Japanese. 3. Sharon lives in London. 4. Paul teaches English. 5. You chat on the Internet. INTERROGATIVA _AFIRMATIVA / NECATIVA Do ‘i oti ‘Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. sal Yes, you do. No, you don't he ‘Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't. Does she work? Yes, she does. / No, she doesn’t. it Yes, it does. No, it doesnt. we Yes, we do. / No, we don’t. Do you work? Yes, you do. /No, you don't they ‘Yes, they do. / No, they don’t. ninety-one 91