AMERICA:

A NATION IN FLUX
Unit 5: Chapters 8 & 9

Unit Project Schedule (A Day)

Essay (700-1000 words)
Outline due: Nov. 21st
First Draft: Nov. 25th
Final: Dec. 1st
Essay Question: How did women contribute to change in America
in the early 19th century?
Chapter 8, Section 1 & 3 (mostly Ch. 8, S.3)

Timeline Project
Visual plan due: Nov. 21st
Final due: Dec. 1st
Assignment: Causes/events/effects of Texas War with Mexico
Chapter 9, Section 3 & 4

Unit Project Schedule (B Day)

Essay (700-1000 words)
Outline due: Nov. 24th
First Draft: Nov. 26th
Final: Dec. 3rd
Essay Question: How did women contribute to reform in America in
the early 19th century?
Chapter 8, Section 1 & 3 (mostly Ch. 8, S.3)

Timeline Project
Visual plan due: Nov. 24th
Final due: Dec. 3rd
Assignment: Causes/events/effects of Texas War with Mexico
Chapter 9, Section 3 & 4

SLAVERY & ABOLITION

Chapter 8, Section 2 (pgs. 248-253)

L1 HW Review Questions
Identify & Example (2 sentences)
1) abolitionist 2) emancipate 3) wage 4) repeal
Main Idea (3-5 sentences)
How did slavery in America change by 1830?
What was the effect of Nat Turners rebellion?
Summarize (6 sentences)
Who were some early abolitionists? What were their
strategies for emancipation? (Merit Option)
Critical Thinking (5-7 sentences)
How does Dollar Boss compare the experience of the
modern African American experience to that of the
African slave?

Abolitionists Speak Out

Abolition: the

movement to end
slavery
Free African Americans &

some white (ex: preacher

Charles Finney) argued
for abolition
William Lloyd Garrison
Newspaper publisher: The
Liberator
Called for: immediate
emancipation (freeing of
slaves)

David Walker
Free black (moved from
South to North)
Urged African Americans
to fight for freedom

Frederick Douglass
Born a slave 1817
Taught to read & write
1838: ship caulker

(skilled job); earned

high wages
Felt cheated; ran away
to New York
Became abolitionist
leader: emancipation
through non-violence
Created antislavery

newspaper: The North Star

Life Under Slavery

1810-1830: slave

population doubled
(1.2 million to approx.
2 million)
1810:
Most slaves = male
Arrived from: Caribbean

& Africa
Did not speak English

1830:
Majority born in America;
spoke English
Worked on large
plantations (dawn to
dusk)
Some were house slaves:

butlers, cooks, maids

City slaves:
Worked in textile mills,
mines, lumber yards;
blacksmiths, carpenters

Slave Rebellion
Nat Turner led violent slave rebellion (1831)
Attacked 5 plantations
Killed several people
Eventually captured & executed

Defending Slavery
Virginia tried to pass

bill to end slavery

Bill defeated in close

vote
Antebellum: pre-Civil

War South
Slave codes: tighter
restrictions on slaves
Slaves cannot: preach,

testify, own property,

learn to read

Southerners defend

slavery:
Introduced blacks to

Christianity
The happy slave; part of
the plantation family
Southerners got

Congress to pass gag

rule in 1836: ban
debate on slavery
Repealed in 1845

THE CHANGING
WORKPLACE
Chapter 8, Section 4 (pgs. 259-265)

L2 HW Review Questions
Identify & Example (2 sentences)
1) fines 2) strike 3) famine 4) oppose
Main Idea (3-5 sentences)
Why did industrialization end the cottage industry?
Why did factories usually hire women?
What were conditions like in factories?
Summarize (6 sentences)
The Cottage Industry (Merit Option)
Critical Thinking (5-7 sentences)
When you have a job, will you join a union? Why?

Industry Changes How U.S. Works

The Cottage Industry
Early 19th c. artisans make

most goods
Furniture, tools, watches,

shoes, etc.
Usually worked in shops
attached to their homes
Masters: experienced

artisans
Assisted by journeymen:

skilled workers
Apprentice: young workers
learning about the job
Unpaid; food, shelter &

education

Industry Takes Over

Cottage Industry = pre-

industrialization
Thread was spun in factories

Clothes were made at home

1830s: factories replaced

cottage industry
Thread & clothes made in

factories

New machines = unskilled

workers replace artisans

Farms to Factories
Factory owners hire

young, unmarried
women: mill girls
They can pay them less

than men

At first, factory work =

better pay (than

teaching, sewing,
etc.,)
Things got worse:
12 hour workday
Factories = hot, noisy,

dirty

Things continue to get

worse:
Between 1836-1850, Lowell

tripled #s of spindles & looms

BUT only hired 50% more
workers = more work/worker
+ short lunchtime; fines for being
late

1834: mill girls went on

strike: work stoppage in order

to force better pay/conditions
1836: another strike
Both times defeated

Workers Seek Better Conditions

1830-1860:

Union: organization that

immigration increased
1840s: the Great
Potato Famine

represents workers rights

1834: National Trades
Union

Disease killed potato

Factory owners oppose

crop in Ireland; 1 million

Irish starved
Many Irish immigrated
to the U.S. faced
prejudice
Irish were willing to work
for low wages = power
to the man

unions
Courts declared strikes
illegal
1842: Commonwealth v.

Hunt
Mass. Supreme Court

supported right to strike

MR. IGOR DOES RESEARCH

FOR ME BECAUSE IM TOO
LAZY TO DO WHAT ISNT
EVEN THAT HARD ANYWAY
AND I DONT RESPECT MY
OWN EDUCATION ENOUGH
TO CARE IF I DO A GOOD JOB
OR NOT

Mental Health Issues

Dorothea Dix (1802-1887)
Called for equal treatment
She fought state legislatures &
U.S. Congress to build 32
hospitals, including asylums for
the mentally ill
Before Dix, people were locking
up blind, deaf, retarded and
insane people in jails
Late in life, she worked as a
nurse in the Civil War

Women & Abolition

Sarah Grimke dared to

speak in front of hostile,

mixed crowds of men in
the South
Later Angelina would
follow in her older sisters
footsteps
They wanted slavery to
end, but also racial
discrimination: true
social & political
equality

Women lead the temperance movement

Mary Vaughan
Passionate about the evils
of alcohol
Spoke at temperance
meeting in 1852
Men who use alcohol = bad
tempered, gamble, even
violent (domestic abuse)
Men who alcohol make bad
decisions, waste money, are
bad fathers

Temperance Movement:

attempt to ban the drinking

of alcohol
Alcohol = societal problems:

health, poverty & crime

This movement would

grow into the 18th

Amendment: Prohibition,
which banned the sale of
alcohol (repealed by the
21st amendment)

Womens Education
Prior to 1820s: girls had

limited education
Emma Willard: womens
rights activist
Opened Troy school for girls

in N.Y.
She traveled across the
country to promote womens
education

Mary Lyon opened Mount

Holyoke in Mass., later

became a college
She valued socioeconomic

diversity
Made school affordable

Catherine Beecher:

recognized public
schools responsibility to
moral, physical &
intellectual
development of children
Set up teacher training

programs
Developed a daily Physical
Education program
Was an anti-suffragist:
women = mothers &
teachers; should not be
corrupted by politics

Feminism & Suffrage

Seneca Falls

Convention: first womens

rights meeting
Organized by Elizabeth Cady

Stanton & Lucretia Mott

+300 women & men attended
Called for laws that gave
women equal rights
Called for suffrage, womens
right to vote
Considered the single most
important factor in spreading
news of the womens rights
movement around the
country.

Sojourner Truth: former

slave, famous for

speaking out for
abolition & womens
rights
Escaped from slavery with

her daughter; went to court

to recover her son (first
time a black woman won a
case vs. a white man)
During the Civil War she
helped recruit black troops
for the Union army