1945 - 1991

Russia

Which nation does

this flag represent?

v.

United States
& Great Britain

Which nations do
these flags represent?

 46-year

struggle/rivalry
between the United
States & the Soviet
Union

cold

because two
superpowers never
faced each other
directly in hot military
conflict

Analyze both maps & think about this:

What are these maps showing you?
Why might this be a concerning for the U. S.?

CAPITALISM

People participate in making

govt decisions
More than one political party
Most industry & agriculture
owned by private individuals
Citizens own business and
employ workers; keep all profits
made
Limits on government
interference in peoples lives.
Freedom of speech &
movement

COMMUNISM

Govt makes all economic

decisions
Usually a one-party state
Industry & agriculture owned by
state
Goods and services are equally
shared
Classless society with no
individual profit-making
The govt controlled most
aspects of peoples lives
Strong censorship with
restrictions on what could be
said or written

 Cold

War Timeline

Complete these events:

1947 Truman Doctrine 1955 Warsaw Pact

 Greece

& Turkey
battling communist
forces seeking to gain
control needed aid
Doctrine
Truman promised to aid
nations struggling
against communist
movements

Truman

 American
diplomat & authority on
Soviet Union

Kennan

policy
keep communism
contained within its
existing borders;
became Americas
policy (page 850)

Containment

 Sec.

of State George
Marshalls plan to help
Europe recover from
war (page 850)
Plan
economic aid for nations
in Western Europe U.S. gave money
(grants & loans), food,
fuel

Marshall

 Stalin

stopped all forms

of traffic from West
Germany into West
Berlin

plan:

w/o aid West

Berlin would fall to
communists

U.S.

& Britain provided

supplies though a
massive airlift for 1 yr.

Atlantic Treaty Organization military

alliance; goal was to stop Soviet expansion

North

 Mao

Zedong led communist

forces in China against
Nationalist leader Chiang Kaishek

Mao

defeated nationalist forces

& renamed China Peoples
Republic of China communist
nation

Truman

Adm. blamed for not

providing enough support;
failure of containment policy

Mao Zedong

 Senator

Joseph McCarthy
claimed State Department was
full of communists

extreme,
reckless charges of disloyalty

McCarthyism

discredited

real concerns
about communists in the U.S.

Red

Scare declined by 1954

Julius & Ethel Rosenberg

Korea split at 38th parallel; North

was communist, South
noncommunist

N. Korea attacked S. Korea &

took S. Koreas capital, Seoul

UN Security Council voted to aid

S. Korea; Truman ordered U.S.
troops to S. Korea

Douglas MacArthur led UN

troops, drove N. Koreans back to
38th parallel; China helped N.
Korea (pages 856 857)

 stalemate

until 1953

Eisenhower

elected U.S.
President promised to
end war

cease-fire signed, division

at 38th parallel restored

still in effect today

 West

Germany became a member of NATO in

1955
In

response, the Soviet Union and its satellite

states formed the Warsaw Pact, a rival military
alliance to NATO

NATO Treaty, 1949

Warsaw Pact, 1955

 Cold

War Timeline

Complete these events:

1957 Sputnik 1968 Vietnam War Tet Offensive

 Sputnik

I - Soviet space

satellite
U.S. reaction
Congress approved the

National Defense Education Act

- $1 billion program to produce
more scientists and teachers of
science
Congress created National
Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA) to plan
space-related projects

1959 Fidel Castro set up a

communist govt in Cuba

Eisenhower had approved

CIA plan to invade Cuba &
overthrow Castro; recruited
Cuban exiles & trained in
Guatemala

Kennedy executed plan

CIA-led force of Cuban exiles
attacked Cuba

plan failed & turned many

Cuban Americans against
Kennedy

Khrushchev (Soviet
leader) demanded U.S.
recognize division of
Germany & end military
presence in West Berlin;
Kennedy refused
Khrushchev ordered
construction of a wall
between E. & W. Berlin
Berlin Wall; Kennedy sent
1,500 U.S. troops to W.
Berlin

Khrushchev

Kennedy

U.S. discovered Soviets

building nuclear missile sites in
Cuba to protect Castro from an
American invasion

major East Coast cities would

be in range

Kennedy demanded removal of

missiles & set up blockade of
Cuba to prevent Soviets from
completing bases

Khrushchev removed missiles

Range of Cuban missiles

Good Morning!
Please take out your Milestone
review and complete the next
10 questions!
(Start at the question that you left off at
yesterday)

Buddhist monk
sets himself on fire
to protest the Diem
regime

Ho Chi Minh
Communist Leader
of North Vietnam

Ngo Dinh Diem

Nationalist Leader of
South Vietnam
Removed from power &
assassinated in 1963

Vietnam divided at 17th parallel - Ho Chi

Minhs communist forces ruled N.
Vietnam, anticommunist govt led by
Diem set up in S. Vietnam

N. Vietnam forces supported Vietcong

S. Vietnamese communist rebels; N.
Vietnam fired on American destroyer
USS Maddox, not hit

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution - 1964

congressional resolution that authorized
President Johnson
to commit
U.S. troops to South Vietnam & fight war
against communist North Vietnam Operation Rolling Thunder

Ho Chi Minh compared his

troops to a tiger, while
Americans were like an
elephant. If the tiger stands still,
the elephant will crush it. But if
the tiger keeps moving and
occasionally jumps on the
elephant to take a bite out of it,
the elephant will slowly bleed to
death.

What does this his philosophy

tell you about the nature of the
Vietnam War?

Tet Offensive Vietcongs

coordinated attack on S. Vietnam;
36 provincial capitals, 5 major
cities, & U.S. embassy in Saigon

American & S. Vietnamese forces

stopped offensive, but
demonstrated communists had
not lost will or ability to fight

President Johnson announced

would not run for a second term

After Chinese communist

revolution, U.S. never
formally recognized Peoples
Rep. of China

Nixon wanted to - benefit U.S.

economically (trade) &
distance relationship b/w
China & Soviet Union

Nixon made an official state

visit to China successful at
opening relations w/ China

full Diplomatic relations

established b/w U.S. & China
in 1979

President Nixon meets with

Chinas Communist Party
leader, Mao Zedong

After China visit, Soviet

leader Brezhnev invited
Nixon to Soviet Union

Signed the Strategic Arms

Limitation Treaty (SALT I) limited certain types of
nuclear arms production;
never ratified by U.S.

Dtente policy begins

ease tensions between
U.S., Soviet Union, & China

1979 - Carter signed SALT

President Nixon and Soviet

Premier Brezhnev exchange
the SALT I treaty

U.S., S. Vietnam, N. Vietnam,

& Vietcong signed Paris
Peace Accords
agreed to a cease-fire & U.S.

troop withdrawal from S.

Vietnam
N. & S. would begin peaceful
negotiations

ended U.S. involvement in

Vietnam War

Neither N. nor S.
Vietnam honored
cease-fire or worked
toward peace

Communists took
Saigon (S. Vietnams
capital) & without U.S. American civilian & military personnel in
Saigon were evacuated before the citys
aid S. Vietnam fell

Unified Vietnam
became communist

fall. Operation Frequent Wind - largest

helicopter evacuation in history.

Soviet Union claimed invited

by government to help against
resistance fighters
(Mujahedeen)

U.S. President Carter

responded by withdrawing
Soviets in Afghanistan mountains
SALT II from Senate &
imposed sanctions (penalties)
U.S.
on Soviets ex. U.S. boycott
President
Jimmy
of 1980 Summer Olympic
Carter
Games in Moscow, suspended
grain sales to Soviet Union

U.S. President Reagan &

Soviet Leader Mikhail
Gorbachev met 4 times
between 1985-89

signed a nuclear arms pact

and agreed to reduce
number of nuclear weapons

Soviet Leader Gorbachev &

President Reagan

1989 East Germanys

communist government
fell; Berlin wall torn
down

Communists also lost

power in Poland,
Hungary,
Czechoslovakia,
Bulgaria, & Romania in
1989; Albania in 1990;
Yugoslavia in 1991

East German Border guards

demolishing a section of the Berlin Wall

Communist Party lost power & Soviet Union

separated into 15 independent republics

Cold War ended (1945-1991)