Formulation ID/1 Smooth Masonry Paint

Order of addition % weight Volume

water 15.00 15.00

Natrosol Plus 0.24 0.24
Laponite RD 0.45 0.45

Premix @ 600 rpm for 15 minutes

Dispex G40 0.25 0.21

CF 107 0.10 0.11
Acticide BX 0.15 0.13
Acticide EP Paste 0.40 0.31
TiONa 535 20.00 4.76
Speswhite clay 3.00 1.11
Snowcal 60 3.00 1.11
Microtalc AT 200 6.00 2.07

Disperse at high shear for 20 minutes, then add stepwise with slow speed mixing:

Vinamul 3459 28.00 26.17

CF 107 0.10 0.11
Texanol 0.20 0.21
water 22.86 22.86
pH adjustment (0.91 Ammonia) 0.25 0.27

om
Total 100.00 75.12
t.c
Non-volatile content by weight = 48.09% ICI Rotothinner viscosity = 10.5P
po

Non-volatile content by volume = 30.79% ICI Gel Strength = 45 gm/cm

s

pH = 8.20 @ 20°C Stormer Viscosity = 112 KU

og

SG = 1.33 @ 20°C
bl

PVC = 40%
8.
l6
ica

Formulation ID/2 Textured Masonry Paint

em

Order of addition % weight Volume

ch

water 12.00 12.00

/
:/

Natrosol Plus 0.25 0.25

Laponite RD 0.25 0.25
tp
ht

Premix @ 600 rpm for 15 minutes

Dispex G40 0.30 0.25

Bevaloid 6685 0.10 0.11
Acticide BX 0.15 0.13
Acticide EP Paste 0.40 0.31
TiONa 535 15.00 3.57
Microdol 1 15.00 5.26
Microdol 40/200 5.00 1.75
Durcal 40 3.00 1.11

Disperse at high shear for 20 minutes, then add stepwise with slow speed mixing:

Vinamul 3459 33.00 30.84

Bevaloid 6685 0.10 0.11
Texanol 1.50 1.58
water 13.70 13.70
pH adjustment (0.91 Ammonia) 0.25 0.27

Total 100.00 71.49

Non-volatile content by weight = 56.65% ICI Rotothinner viscosity = 8.5P

Non-volatile content by volume = 39.12% ICI Gel Strength = 27 gm/cm
pH = 8.5
@ 20°C Stormer Viscosity = 102 KU
SG = 1.4 @ 20°C
PVC = 42%

1
Formulation ID/3 Contract Vinyl Matt

Order of addition % weight Volume

water 18.00 18.00

Natrosol Plus 330 0.35 0.35

Premix @ 600 rpm for 15 minutes

Dispex G40 0.25 0.22

CF 107 0.05 0.05
Acticide BX 0.15 0.13
TiONa 376 12.00 3.33
Microdol AT Extra 12.00 4.21
Talc 262840/200 6.00 10.34
Speswhite clay 10.00 3.70

Disperse at high shear for 20 minutes, then add stepwise with slow speed mixing:

Harco VV 575 12.00 11.11

CF 107 0.05 0.05
Texanol 1.00 1.05
10% Laponite RDS 2.00 2.00
water 25.95 25.95
pH adjustment (0.91 Ammonia) 0.20 0.22

om
Total 100.00 80.71
t.c
Non-volatile content by weight = 47.15% ICI Rotothinner viscosity = 7P
Non-volatile content by volume = 34.53% ICI Gel Strength = 12 gm/cm
po

pH = 8.6 @ 20°C Stormer Viscosity = 89 KU

s

SG = 1.24 @ 20°C
og

PVC = 79%
bl
8.
l6
ica

Formulation ID/4 First Quality Vinyl Silk

em
ch

Order of addition % weight Volume

/
:/

water 20.00 20.00

tp

Laponite RD 0.15 0.15

ht

9H4 CMC 0.23 0.23

Premix @ 600 rpm for 15 minutes

Dispex G40 0.53 0.45

Henkel 8034 0.10 0.11
Mergal K6N 0.21 0.20
TiONa 535 18.17 4.33
Snowcal 60 2.14 0.79

Disperse at high shear for 20 minutes, then add stepwise with slow speed mixing:

Viking 2920 37.40 34.95

Coatex 2000 0.32 0.30
Henkel 8034 0.10 0.11
Ropaque OP62 5.34 5.04
Texanol 1.00 1.05
water 14.01 14.12
pH adjustment (0.91 Ammonia) 0.30 0.33

Total 100.00 82.05

Non-volatile content by weight = 42.86% ICI Rotothinner viscosity = 8P

Non-volatile content by volume = 30.51% ICI Gel Strength = 27 gm/cm
pH = 8.5 @ 20°C Stormer Viscosity = 97 KU
SG = 1.22 @ 20°C
PVC = 26%

2
Formulation ID/5 Coalescent Free Paint for New Plaster

Order of addition % weight Volume

water 37.50 37.50

Laponite RD 0.19 0.19
9H4 CMC 0.29 0.29

Premix @ 600 rpm for 15 minutes

Dispex G40 0.30 0.25

Henkel 8034 0.10 0.11
Mergal K6N 0.30 0.29
TiONa 376 14.00 3.89
Polestar 200P 8.00 2.96
Snowcal 60 12.00 4.44
Speswhite clay 10.00 3.70

Disperse at high shear for 20 minutes, then add stepwise with slow speed mixing:

Vinamul 3692 9.50 8.88

Henkel 8034 0.10 0.11
water 7.50 7.50
pH adjustment (0.91 Ammonia) 0.22 0.24

om
Total 100.00 70.35
t.c
Non-volatile content by weight = 49.71% ICI Rotothinner viscosity = 11P
Non-volatile content by volume = 28.57% ICI Gel Strength = 21 gm/cm
po

pH = 8.6 @ 20°C Stormer Viscosity = 106 KU

s

SG = 1.42 @ 20°C
og

PVC = 76%
bl
8.
l6
ica

Formulation ID/6 Solid Paint

em

Emulsion paint resistant to scrubbing according to DIN 53 778,

ch

highly thixotropic, reduced spatter

/
:/

Order of addition Weight

tp

Water 374.5
ht

Laponite RD 20.0
Concentrated Ammonia 1.0
Calgon N,10% 10.0
Optimix A 3.5
K6N 2.0
Byk W 2.0
Tiona 372 80.0
Socal P2 150.0
Finntalc M 15 80.0
Chinafill 84 50.0
Naintsch ST 60 30.0
Omya Special 50.0
Acronal 290D 95.0
Taxanol 5.0
White Spirit K 60 7.0
Borchigel L 75, 10% 40.0
1000.0

Brightness according to DIM,HBW-A (%) 88.50

Contrast ratio, height of cap in coating µm (%) 99.55
Washability according to DIN 53 778 >5000
Viscosity (mPas) 4300
Gloss at 85° (%) 2.6
3
Density (g/cm ) 1.40

3
Formulation ID/7 Interior Float Coating - "Putz"
Water 120.5
Tylose MH 300 2.0
Laponite RD 1.5
Ammonia 3.0
Optimix A 2.0
KM 102 1.0
Byk 073 3.0
Mowilith DM 122 80.0
Tiona 535 44.0
Durcal 10 50.0
Durcal 40 23.0
Durcal 130 58.0
Lime, beads (1.25-1.8)* 90.0
978.0

Viscosity, Haake 10600 mPas

Spreading properties good
Texture good
Solids content (weight) 78.2%

* Solvay-Alkali product

om
t.c
po
s
og

Formulation ID/8 Silicate-based Emulsion Paint

bl
8.

Water 127
l6

Laponite RD 1
ica

Natrosol HHR 1
Ammonia 1
em

Betolin Quart 5 10
Betolin EP 219 150
ch

Tiona 372 80
/

Socal P2 100
:/

Durcal 5 120
tp

Silica flour H 500 150

ht

White spirit K 60 5
Shellsol A 3
Alberdingk SC 44 50
Byk 040 2
Betolin Ep 219 200
1000

Test Data:
Brightness, HBW A 88.0%
2
Contrast ration 300g/m according to DIN 99.48
Gloss <85° 2.7%
Viscosity,Haake E, after preparation 2000 mPas
Haake E, 28 days later 2400 mPas
Blue-yellow value 5.3

4
Formulation ID/9 Water based multicolour paint

Introduction

This describes a starter formulation suitable for making a water based multicolour paint.

The formulation uses a single base paint which is then split into two or more portions and tinted as required. The
separate colours are blended together again in a stabilized sol dispersion of Laponite. By following the mixing
procedure described in stage 3 a product is formed where the individual paint particles or flecks are covered in a thin
layer of Laponite gel. This gel coating acts as a physical barrier to prevent the different colours mixing together. The
exceptional shear thinning shown by Laponite gels has the additional benefit of acting as a lubricant between the
paint particles to prevent their blending during mixing and spray application.

This formulation shows excellent long term storage and application stability.

In developing a commercial formulation for multicolour paint it is likely that the secondary colour, the flecks, will be
made to a slightly different formulation than the primary colour. Modification of the rheology of the secondary colour
to give a more elastic texture can allow the production of a paint which has a larger fleck size in the coated film. This
can be achieved by replacing part of the Laponite and hydroxyethyl cellulose system shown with thickeners which
show reduced shear thinning and give extended viscosity in the higher shear range such as polyurethane
associatives and some organic gums.

om
The formulation has been divided into three stages
t.c
po

Stage 1 Preparation of base paints

Stage 2 Tinting
s
og

Stage 3 Blending of separate colours into the multicolour product

bl
8.
l6
ica

Stage 1 Preparation of base paint

em

Order of Addition % weight

ch

Water 35.73
/
:/

Laponite RD 0.34
tp

Mix until Laponite is fully hydrated

ht

Natrosol 250 MHR 0.24

Mix and add the following

Dispersant (Tamol 731)* 0.66

Wetting agent (Triton CF-10) 0.19
Defoamer (Dispelair CF107) 0.19
Biocide (Acticide AZ) 0.09
Titanium dioxide (RCL 535) 4.73
Calcium carbonate (Queensfill 300) 23.65

Disperse to 5 Hegman, then add

Latex (Viking 2920) 28.37

Defoamer (Dispelair CF 107) 0.09
Water 5.72

Total 100.0

* In some regions this product is called Orotan 731.

It is possible to further increase the elasticity of the secondary colour by including an associative thickener in the
formulation. This can have the effect of producing a larger fleck size which is a desirable property in multicolour
paint.

5
Stage 2 Tinting

The primary and secondary colours should be prepared in the required quantities. In practice the actual proportion of
each colour varies widely depending upon the manufacturer, the product and end application. For the purpose of
showing an example Stage 3 describes a paint composed of:-

90 parts white
5 parts red
5 parts blue

Tinting should be carried out by adding pigment dispersion concentrates to the concentration required by the paint
producer. Multicolour paints covering the whole colour spectrum are possible.

For maximum long term colour stability it is highly recommended that pigment pastes dispersed in water are used.
The Hüls Aquatrend range is suitable.

Stage 3 Blending of multicolour product

In this final stage the separate colours are successively added to a concentrated colloidal sol dispersion of Laponite
which has been stabilized at a low viscosity by tetrasodium pyrophosphate. When the paint comes into contact with

om
the Laponite sol dispersion a thin coating of Laponite gel is formed on the surface of the paint. This is caused by the
interaction between the polar compounds present in the paint and the Laponite sol.
t.c
po

Slow speed mixing (50 rpm or less) causes the paint to break up into small particles which are separated from each
other by the protective coating of Laponite gel.
s
og

A colloidal styrene acrylic emulsion is added to incorporate the free Laponite gel firmly into the film on drying. This
bl

gives a significantly improved scrub resistance to the coating.

8.
l6
ica

Order of Addition % weight

em

Water 41.57
ch

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate 0.04

/
:/

Mix until TSPP is dissolved

tp
ht

Laponite RD 2.00

Mix until Laponite is fully hydrated, then add

White base paint 32.80

Blue tinted base 2.50
Red tinted base 2.50
Water 10.80
Styrene Acrylic emulsion (Viking 5455) 7.56
Coalescent (Texanol) 0.23

Total 100.0

Mix the final formulation very slowly. Speed and duration of mixing are important factors
in determining the particle size of the secondary colours.

Application
Before use, stir the paint gently. Do not shear. Do not thin. Apply by spray in cross lay method. Use high volume,
low pressure (HVLP) equipment. The Sata NR HVLP or the Binks Mach 1 HVLP sprayguns are suitable. The pot
pressure should be 10 psi (0.70 bar) and the air pressure at the gun should be 5-10 psi (0.35-0.70 bar) with inlet
pressure to the gun being 65-75 psi (4.5-5.2 bar).

6
Formulation ED/1
WATER-BASED PAINT
for exterior application, thixotropic, satin finish

Water 61.5
Laponite RD 2.5
Propylene glycol 50.0
Optimix A 8.0
Tiona RCL-535 180.0
Socal P2 50.0
Byk 020 2.5
Parmetol A 23 1.5
Water 40.0
Methyl diglycol 20.0
Dowanol DPmB 12.0
Rohm and Haas EP-2592 450.0
Ropaque OP-62 67.0
Acrysol RM 1020 47.0
Acrysol RM 8 7.0
Triton CR7M 1.0
1000.0

Test data:

Brightness HBW-A (%) 93.5

om
Contrast ratio, height of gap in coating 200 µm (%) 98.18
Blue/yellow value t.c (%) -0.7
Gloss <85° (%) 53.7
po

Gloss <60° (%) 11.5

Viscosity, Haake E (mPa.s) 1300
s
og
bl
8.

Formulation ED/2
l6

SILICONE-BASED COATING
ica
em

Water 189.0
ch

Laponite RD 1.0
/

Walocel XM 40000 pv 1.0

:/

NH3 1.0
tp

Optimix A 3.0
ht

Tiona RCL-388 90.0

Socal P2 100.0
Calcidar 5 290.0
Mica P 70.0
Tego Phobe 1000 110.0
Mowilith DM 60 135.0
Texanol 5.0
K6N 2.0
Foamex LA 129 3.0
1000.0

Test results:

Brightness HBW-A (%) 86.8

Contrast ratio µm (%) 98.0
Blue/yellow value (%) -5.3
Gloss >85° (%) 2.4
Viscosity, Haake-E
after preparation (mPa.s) 1200
after 28 days at 50°C (mPa.s) 3000
sd value (m) 0.09
2
water absorption capacity (kg/m /h) 0.24

Formulation ED/3
7
 EXTERIOR ROUND AGGREGATE
Water 63.5
Tylose MH 300 2.0
Laponite RD 2.0
Ammonia 2.0
Optimix A 2.0
Mergal AF 2.0
Byk 073 2.0
White spirit K 60 8.0
Mowilith DM 122 140.0
Tiona 535 50.0
Calibrite SL 120.0
Durcal 130 100.0
Granicalcium 0.35-0.7 350.0
Cranicalcium 0.5-1.5 40.0
Butyl diglycol acetate 4.0
Dibutyl phthalate 4.0
891.5

Viscosity, Haake E (mPa.s) 11900

Spreading properties good
Texture good
Solids content (weight) (%) 74.0

om
t.c
po

Formulation ED/4
s
og
bl

EXTERIOR FLOATING
8.
l6

Water 80.5
ica

Tylose MHB 10000 yp 2.0

Laponite RD 1.5
em

Ammonia 3.0
Optimix A 2.0
ch

Mergal AF 2.0
/

Byk 0, 73 3.0
:/

Mowilith DM 122 14.0

tp

Tiona 535 20.0

ht

Durcal 40 97.0
Durcal 130 558.0
Quartz (beads No.4) 80.0
989.0

Viscosity, Haake (mPa.s) 8700

Spreading properties god
Texture good
Solids content (weight) (%) 76.3

8
Formulation ED/5

ONE-COAT WALL COATING FOR EXTERIOR APPLICATION

Water 222.0
Tylose MHB 30000 yp 4.0
Laponite RD 1.5
Caustic soda solution, 10% 1.0
Calgon N,10% 10.0
Optimix A 3.5
Tiona RCL-388 25.0
Socal P2 30.0
Finntalc M 15 60.0
Chinafill 84 50.0
Mica P 70.0
Acronal 290 D 230.0
Ethylene glycol 40.0
White spirit, K 60 10.0
Butyl diglycol 12.0
Parmetol A 23 3.0

om
Byk 073 3.0
t.c 1000.0
po
s
og

Test data:
bl
8.
l6

Brightness HBW A (%) 88.5

ica

Opacity
em

Contrast ratio, height of gap

in coating 200 µm (%) 99.76
ch

Blue-yellow value
/

Gloss <85% (%) -5.4

:/

Viscosity, Haake E
tp

after 1 day at room temperature (mPa.s) 3300

ht

after 28 days storage at 50°C (mPa.s) 3800

Crack free up to (µm) 2000

9
Formulation ED/6

WATER REDUCIBLE WHITE BRUSHING ENAMEL

Use of water reducible alkyds is growing as coatings are increasingly being converted from solvent
based to waterborne. In this formulation Laponite RDS increases viscosity and improves sag resistance
and syneresis control without decreasing gloss or levelling.

Laponite RDS is used here in a premix that will remain fluid over 2-3 weeks, allowing a stock to be
prepared which may be used in a succession of paint batches.

order of addition % weight

PART A - Laponite RDS premix

Laponite RDS 0.44
water 5.00

mix for 30 minutes, premix the following:

om
PART B t.c
Butyl Cellosolve 3.94
po

6% Zirco Intercar drier 0.33

s

6% Cobalt Intercar drier 0.33

og

Activ-8 0.11
bl

Antiskinning agent 0.11

8.
l6

mix rapidly:
ica
em

Cargill 74-7432 Alkyd 20.0

Propyl propasol 2.40
ch
/

add the following, then disperse to 7 Hegman

:/
tp

Ammonium hydroxide (0.91) 0.85

ht

Titanium dioxide CR-800 19.50

water 7.30

then add:

Cargill 74-7432 Alkyd 7.00

Ammonium hydroxide (0.91) 0.50

mix until homogenous, add Part B, stir for 30 minutes, then add:

water 31.84
Ammonium hydroxide (0.91) 0.35
100.00

Finally, add Part A, the Laponite RDS premix and stir until homogenous

10
Formulation CW/1
Interior/exterior gloss paint
Order of addition % weight function

Water 2.88
Polypropylene glycol 2.43
AMP-95 0.20 dispersant
Dehydran 1620 0.25 defoamer
Surfynol 104E 0.40 dispersant
Neocryl BT-24 3.14 dispersant
Tioxide TR92 24.36 pigment

Grind to Hegman 7, then add:

Neocryl XA 5090 59.95 acrylic emulsion

Dowanol DPM 2.28 coalescent
Dehydran 1620 0.26 defoamer

Premix the following for 20 minutes, then add to the formulation

Laponite RDS 0.23 thickener

Water 2.66

om
Then add
t.c
Rheolate 350 0.96 thickener
po

100.00
s

Formulation adapted from original work by Zeneca.

og
bl

Formulation CW/2
8.

PAINT FOR DOOR APPLICATION

l6
ica

According to DIN 53 778-S-M

solvent-free, highly suitable for brush application
em
ch

Water 333.0
Tylose MHB 30000 yp 2.0
/
:/

Laponite RD 2.0
Caustic soda solution, 10% 1.0
tp

Calgon N, 10% 10.0

ht

Optimix A 3.0
Tiona RCL-535 140.0
Socal P2 200.0
Steamic OXO 80.0
Durcal 2 60.0
Alberdingk + Boley AS 6000 150.0
Mergal K 9 N 2.0
Byk 033 2.0
Borchigel L75, 10% 15.0
1000.0

Test Data
Brightness, HBW A (%) 93.0
Opacity Contrast ratio with
height of gap in coating 100 µm (%) 98.95
height of gap in coating 100 µm (%) 99.47
Blue-yellow value
Gloss < 85° (%) -1.2
Viscosity, Haake VT 500
after 1 day at room temperature (mPa.s) 2100
after 28 days storage at 50°C (mPa.s) 2300
Washability according to DIN 53 778
after 28 days, 23°C/50%
relative humidity (cycles) >5000
3
Density (g/cm ) 1.52

11
Formulation CW/3
PAINT FOR DOOR APPLICATION
According to DIN 53 778-S-M
solvent-free, highly suitable for roller application

Water 333.0
Tylose MHB 30000 yp 2.0
Laponite RD 2.0
Caustic soda solution, 10% 1.0
Calgon N, 10% 10.0
Optimix A 3.0
Tiona RCL-535 140.0
Socal P2 200.0
Steamic OXO 80.0
Durcal 2 60.0
Alberdingk + Boley AS 6000 150.0
Mergal K 9 N 2.0
Byk 033 2.0
Borchigel L75, 10% 15.0
1000.0

Test Data
Brightness, HBW A (%) 93.0
Opacity Contrast ratio with

om
height of gap in coating 100 µm (%) 98.95
height of gap in coating 100 µm (%) 99.47
Blue-yellow value
t.c
Gloss < 85° (%) -1.2
po

Viscosity, Haake VT 500

s

after 1 day at room temperature (mPa.s) 2100

og

after 28 days storage at 50°C (mPa.s) 2300

Washability according to DIN 53 778
bl

after 28 days, 23°C/50%

8.

relative humidity (cycles) >5000

l6

3
Density (g/cm ) 1.52
ica
em
/ch

Formulation CW/4
:/
tp

INDUSTRIAL CLEAR WOOD COATING FOR SPRAY APPLICATION

ht

Order of Addition % weight Function

Luhydran A8485 60.00 acrylic resin

BYK 346 0.10 flow additive
Tego Foamex 805 0.10 defoamer
Incorez W830/310 33.10 polyurethane dispersion
Laponite RDS (10% dispersion) 1.50 rheology control agent
Butyl Diglycol 1.60 coalescing solvent
Aquacer 3.00 polythene wax
Acticide LG 0.10 preservative
Tego Foamex 805 0.10 defoamer
100.00

pH = 8.0 @ 20°C
Brookfield Viscosity = 85cP (sp 2, 60rpm, 1 min)

12
Formulation CW/5
WATER REDUCIBLE WOOD STAIN
Order of addition % weight

Add with mixing

Cargill Modified Linseed Oil 11.10

Dow Corning Additive #51 0.11
Brown Iron Oxide B-2093F 5.70
Patcote 577 0.29

Disperse to 6 Hegman, then add:

Cargill Modified Linseed Oil 61.9

Premix the following:

Butyl Cellosolve 3.44

Manganese hydrocure II (8%) 1,33

Stir premix into the batch, then add:

water 7.24

om
Ammonium hydroxide (0.91) 0.22
t.c
Mix the following for 30 minutes, then add to batch, stir until homogenous
po

water 8.00
s

Laponite RDS 0.67

og

100.00
bl
8.
l6

Formulation CW/6
ica

CLEAR COAT FINISH FOR INTERIOR WOOD

em

This formulation, based on the acrylic emulsion Neocryl XA-6053 from Zeneca, has been developed for
ch

use on primed or stained wood.

/
:/
tp

Order of addition % weight

ht

water 15.00
Tetrasodium pyrophosphate 0.004
Laponite RD 0.12

Stir for 15 minutes, then add with mixing:

Propylene glycol n-Butyl ether (Dowanol PnB) 7.30

Dipropylene glycol n-Butyl either (Dowanol DPnB) 2.40
Plasticizer (Kodaflex DPB) 0.81
Ammonium hydroxide (28% solution) 0.15
Defoamer (Dehydran 1293) 0.18

Then add with rapid agitation:

Neocryl XA-6053 73.68

Mix for 10 minutes, then add:

wetting agent (BYK 346) 0.18

Mar aid (BYK 301) 0.18
100.00
Viscosity: 12000 cP, Brookfield LVT, Spindle 3, 3rpm
Gloss: 80%, 60% Angle
(Formula adapted from original work by Zeneca)

13
Formulation CW/7
Water based wiping stain

In this formulation, Laponite prevents pigment settling without increasing viscosity.

Mix with agitation % weight function

Water 17.38
H-D Trans Yellow B223 0.69 pigment
H-D Trans Red B123 2.07 pigment
Irgasperse Red G-U 2.48 pigment
Irgasperse Brown R-U 0.96 pigment
Aurasperse W-7017 Black 0.73 pigment

When dispersed add:

Rhoplex ST-77* 36.38 acrylic emulsion

Foamaster Exp 63 0.23 defoamer
Propylene glycol 4.53 coalescent

om
Ammonia (14% solution) 1.52 neutralizing agent
Water 11.08 t.c
Acrysol ASE-60 6.02 thickener
po
s
og

Premix Laponite for 20 minutes, then add to the formulation

bl
8.

Laponite RD 0.05 anti-settling agent

l6

Water 8.91
ica
em

Adjust viscosity to 35-45 seconds, No.2 Zahn cup

ch
/

Water 6.97
:/

100.00
tp
ht

* (Rhoplex ST-77 formerly E-2977)

Formulation adapted from original work by Rohm and Haas.

14
Formulation CW/8

WOOD STAIN

water-based, brown

Water 691.0
Concentrated ammonia 1.5
Laponite RD 6.0
Optimix A 0.8
Colanyl black 0.4
Luconyl orange 12.0
Byk 033 0.1
Texanol 15.0
Dilexo 37 270.0
Mergal BCM 2.3
1000.0

Test data:

Viscosity, Haake-E
after preparation (mPa.s) 45
after 28 days storage at 50°C (mPa.s) 60

om
pH 9.3
t.c
po
s
og
bl
8.

Formulation CW/9
l6
ica

WOOD STAIN
em
ch

water-based, reddish brown

/
:/
tp

Worlessol 31 347.0
ht

Worleesol 22 84.0
Laponite RD 15.0
Concentrated ammonia 4.5
Activ 8 1.0
Servosyn WEB, co 8% 2.0
Servosyn WEB, Mn 9% 6.0
Luconyl orange 2416 43.0
Luconyl red 2817 7.0
Water 490.5
1000.0

Test Data:

Viscosity, Haake-E
after preparation (mPa.s) 1050
pH 7.5

15
Formulation IC/1
Rust Conversion Coating
(based on tannic acid/Polidene 33-065
and Laponite RDS)
Order of addition % weight volume function

Water 11.14 11.09

Laponite RDS 0.70 0.75 thickener
Bevaloid 642 0.20 0.22 defoamer
Kelzan 'S' 0.20 0.125 thickener
Tannic acid (Tec 90) 4.05 10.125 chelating agent
Dowfax 2A1 0.10 0.086 surfactant
Micronised barytes 25.92 5.76 extender
Butyl Ethoxol 2.22 2.46 coalescent
Haloflex 202 55.47 46.225 vinyl acrylic copolymer
100.00 76.84

Non volatile content by weight = 64.20%

Non volatile content by volume = 54.37%
pH = 3.3 @ 20°c
SG = 1.3 @ 20°c
PVC = 18.71%

om
A formulation based upon gallic acid is available on request. t.c
s po
og
bl
8.

Formulation IC/2
l6

Anti-corrosive Primer
ica

(based on Haloflex 202/Zinc phosphate

em

and Laponite RD)

ch

Order of addition % weight volume function

/
:/
tp

Water 8.08 8.08

Laponite RD 0.21 0.21 thickener
ht

Bevaloid 642 0.20 0.22 defoamer

Synperonic PE/F87 (30%) 0.79 0.78 dispersant
Butyl Ethoxol 1.98 2.19 coalescent
Acticide AZ 0.10 0.09 biocide
Zinc phosphate 5.73 1.43 anti-corrosive pigment
Micronised Barytes 15.42 3.43 extender
Micronised red iron oxide 2.57 0.51 pigment
Synperonic PE/F87 (30%) 3.54 3.50 dispersant
Haloflex 202 (adjust pH to 59.00 45.74 vinyl acrylic copolymer
4.0 with ammonia)
Water 2.38 2.38
100.00 68.56

Non volatile content by weight = 60.47%

Non volatile content by volume = 42.67%
pH = 4.5 @ 20°c
SG = 1.46 @ 20°c
PVC = 19.3%

16
Formulation IC/3
High build finishing paint
(based on Haloflex 208 and Laponite RD)
Order of addition % weight volume function

Water 8.00 8.00

Laponite RD 0.18 0.18 thickener
Bevaloid 642 0.20 0.22 defoamer
Orotan 850 0.69 0.63 dispersant
Acticide AZ 0.10 0.09 biocide
Synperonic PE/F87 (30%) 1.00 0.99 dispersant
Butyl Ethoxol 2.30 2.54 coalescent
Micro Mica W1 21.71 7.64 extender
Kronos 2190 12.94 3.16 pigment
Synperonic PE/F87 (30%) 2.57 2.54 stabilizer
Haloflex 208 (adjust pH 40.34 33.90 vinyl acrylic copolymer
4.0 with ammonia)
Water 9.97 9.97
100.00 69.86

Non volatile content by weight = 60.1%

Non volatile content by volume = 42.5%

om
pH = 6.1 @ 20°c
SG = 1.43 @ 20°c
PVC =
t.c
37.9%
po
s
og
bl
8.

Formulation IC/4
l6

Satin gloss corrosion resistant finish

ica

(based on Haloflex 208 and Laponite RDS)

em

Order of addition % weight volume function

/ ch

Water 1.89 1.89

:/

Laponite RDS 0.21 0.21 thickener

tp

Bevaloid 642 0.20 0.22 defoamer

ht

Synperonic NP 30 (20%) 1.45 1.43 surfactant

Texanol 2.49 2.62 coalescent
Acticide AZ 0.01 0.01 biocide
Orotan 850 0.30 0.27 dispersant
Kronos 2190 18.37 4.48 pigment
Synperonic NP 30 (20%) 5.00 4.93 surfactant
Haloflex 208 (adjust pH 58.35 45.23 vinyl acrylic copolymer
to 4.0 with ammonia)
Water 11.73 11.73
100.00 73.02

Non volatile content by weight = 54.9%

Non volatile content by volume = 38.4%
pH = 5.1 @ 20°c
SG = 1.37 @ 20°c
PVC = 16.8%

17
Formulation IC/5
Non-leafing metallic paint

Order of addition % weight Function

water 41.55 Am
Kelsol 3906 27.30 short oil alkyd resin

Mix, then premix the following:

Butyl cellosolve 1.28 coalescent

Cobalt Hydrocure II 8% 0.64 metal drier
Active 8 0.25
Manganese Hydrocure II 8% 0.34 metal drier

Add the premix to the alkyd resin dispersion, then add the following:

Butyl cellosolve 3.01

om
Hydropaste 82255 Aluminium 12.60 pigment
t.c
po

Disperse until homogenous, then add the premix of Laponite RDS

s
og

water 11.32
bl

Laponite RDS 0.45 anti-settling agent

8.

100.00
l6
ica
em
ch
/
:/
tp
ht

18
Formulation IC/6
Anti condensation paint - 1
Suitable for air or airless spray application
Order of addition % weight Function

Pliotec LSI 20.0 acrylic emulsion

Disperbyk 181 0.2 dispersant
Surfynol 104E 0.3 dispersant
Foamex 7447 0.2 defoamer
Tioxide RHD2 5.0 pigment
Blanc Fixe N 8.0 extender
Alumina Trihydrate SH100 4.0 extender

Disperse, then add:

Dimethylethanolamine 0.5 neutralizing agent

Dowanol DPnB 1.25 coalescent
Kodaflex TXiB 0.82 plasticizer

Premix the following for 20 minutes, then add to the formulation

Laponite RD 0.4 thickener

Water 27.6

om
Then add:
t.c
Collacryl PU 85 (25%) 0.8 thickener
po

Microspheres B46/4000 14.75 filler

s

Water 16.18
og

100.00
Formulation adapted from original work by Goodyear
bl
8.
l6
ica

Formulation IC/7
em

Anti condensation paint - 2

ch

Suitable for air or airless spray application

/
:/
tp

Order of addition % weight Function

ht

Pliotec LSI 20.0 acrylic emulsion

Disperbyk 181 0.2 dispersant
Surfynol 104E 0.3 dispersant
Foamex 7447 0.2 defoamer
Tioxide RHD2 10.0 pigment
Blanc Fixe N 17.0 extender
Alumina Trihydrate SH100 4.0 extender

Disperse, then add:

Dimethylethanolamine 0.5 neutralizing agent

Dowanol DPnB 1.25 coalescent
Kodaflex TXiB 0.82 plasticizer

Premix the following for 20 minutes, then add to the formulation:

Laponite RD 0.8 thickener

Water 39.53

Then add:

Collacryl PU 85 (25%) 0.4 thickener

Perlite Maxol P 5.0 filler
100.0
Formulation adapted from original work by Goodyear.

19
Formulation IC/8
Anti-Corrosion Primer
for spray and dip application
water-thinnable, high opacity, matt
Ingredient Function wt %

Bayhydrol B130 anti-corrosion primer 293.7

Ascinin Rmin anti skinning agent 1.5
WEB Co 8% drier 0.8
Butyl glycol 4.5
Bayferrox 110 M red iron oxide pigment 53.0
Omya DRB 3 CaC03 extender 25.0
Talcum 15 MO talc extender 53.0
Heucophos ZMP anti-corrosion 53.0
Zinc white resin sealant F anti-corrosion 5.5
Aerosil 300 matting silica 1.0
Laponite RDS, 10% 10.0
500.0

Product Evaluation

om
Hiding power
Contrast ratio with a 100 µm t.c
applicator aperture (%) 100.00
po

Gloss <20°/<60°/<85° (%) 2.1/7.4

CIELAB-L*/a*/b* 39.88/26.30/20.58
s
og

Viscosity after manufacture - VT-500 (Pa.s) 5.9

Water (%) 21.7
bl

Viscosity after manufacture - DIN-4 (s) 42.0

8.

Degree of grinding (µm) 20.0

l6

pH 9.0
ica
em
ch

Formulation IC/9
/

Inorganic Zinc Primer

:/
tp
ht

Order of addition % weight

PART A Premix:
water 5.86
Potassium silicate, 30% 20.53

PART B Premix:
water 2.93
Laponite RDS 0.21

Add Part B slowly to Part A using high shear, then add:

Astrazon 7 GLL 200 Yellow dye (5% solution) 0.09

Addition at time of application

Zinc dust 70.38
100.00

20
Formulation IC/10
Spray Paint
High-gloss, water-thinnable

Ingredient Function wt %

Worleesol 61A spraying varnish 50.0

Triethylamine 3.0
Water 37.8
Sicomin red L 3025 red pigment 40.0
WEB Co 8% drier 1.2
WEB Mn 9% drier 1.5
Ethylene glycol 5.0
Worleesol 61A spraying varnish 125.0
Exin 2 anti skinning 1.0
Ammonia, concentrated 3.0
Ethylene glycol 15.0
Water 189.0
Butanol 15.0
Add 330 2.5
Add 327 levelling 1.0
Laponite RDS, 10% 10.0
500.0

Product Evaluation

om
Hiding power
t.c
Contrast ratio with a 100 µm
po

applicator aperture (%) 73.00

Gloss <20°/60°/85° (%) 87.6/97.0/96.7
s
og

CIELAB-L*/a*/b* 51.9/53.73/39.23
Viscosity after manufacture - DIN-4 (s) 17
bl

Degree of grinding (µm) 20

8.

pH 9.5
l6
ica

Formulation IC/11
em

Industrial Dipping Paint

High gloss, water-thinnable
ch
/
:/
tp

Ingredient Function wt %
ht

Worleesol 61A binder 50.0

Triethylamine 3.0
Water 35.0
Byk 080 defoamer 1.0
WEB Co 8% drier 0.5
WEN Mn 9% drier 0.5
Butyl glycol 4.5
Bayferrox 110 M red iron oxide pigment 9.8
Tiona RCL-535 66.5
Worleesol 61A binder 108.0
Triethylamine 3.0
Butyl glycol 13.5
Butyl diglycol 13.5
Water 181.2
Laponite RDS, 10% 10.0
500.0

Product Evaluation

Hiding power
Contrast ratio with a 100 µm
applicator aperture (%) 97.12
Gloss <20°/<60°/85% (%) 79.4/93.3/98.3
CIELAB-L*/a*/b* 58.28/28.67/19.98
Viscosity after manufacture - DIN-4 (s) 210
Degree of grinding (µm) 20
pH 9.5
21
Formulation IC/12
Finishing Paint
High gloss, water-thinnable, air drying

Ingredient Function wt %

Bayhydrol VP LS 2803 finishing varnish 751.0

Tiona RCL-535 Ti02 pigment 220.0
Byk 020 defoamer 6.0
WEB Co 8% drier 3.0
Laponite RDS, 10% 20.0
1000.0

Product Evaluation

Brightness HBW-A (5) 86.2

Hiding power
Contrast ratio with a 100 µm
applicator aperture (%) 96.05
Blue/yellow value -1.9
Gloss <20°/<60°/<85° (%) 67.0/86.7/95.6
Viscosity after manufacture - DIN-4 (s) 146

om
Degree of grinding (µm) 15
pH
t.c 7.0
s po
og
bl
8.

Formulation IC/13
l6

Brush Application Paint

ica

High gloss, water-thinnable, air drying, thixotropic

em
ch
/
:/

Ingredient Function wt %
tp
ht

Jäger MSL 40 brushing varnish 258.0

Tiona RCL-535 Ti02 pigment 126.0
DMEA 17.0
Water 16.0
Baysilon oil A wetting agent 5.0
Hydrolith drier drier 9.0
Water 439.0
Laponite RDS, 10% 10.0
880.0

Product evaluation

Brightness HBW-A (5) 89.1

Hiding power
Contrast ratio with a 100µm
applicator aperture (%) 94.80
Blue/yellow value -2.0
Gloss <20°/<60°/<85° (%) 74.1/91.3/95.4
Viscosity after manufacture - VT-500 (Pa.s) 4.9
Water (%) 40.0
Viscosity after adjustment - VT-500 (Pa.s) 1.9
pH 9.0

22
Formulation IC/14
Stoving Enamel
High gloss, water-thinnable, high opacity
(stoving conditions: 150°C, 20 min)

Ingredient Function wt %

Synaqua 227WL/58 stoving varnish 200.0

Luwipal 066 30.0
Tiona RCL-535 Ti02 pigment 25.0
Chromoxide green GN green pigment 40.0
Blanc fixe HD 80 barium sulphate extender 45.0
Butyl diglycol 12.5
Water 126.5
Byk 341 wetting agent 1.0
Efka 34 anti-crater agent 10.0
Laponite RDS, 10% 10.0
500.0

Product evaluation

Hiding power
Contrast ratio with a 100 µm
applicator aperture (%) 98.72

om
Gloss <20°/<60°/<85° (%) 5.7/46.3/84.3
CIELAB-L*/a*/b* t.c 52.88/-14.54/13.22
Viscosity after manufacture - DIN-4 (s) 125.0
Water (%) 14.4
po

Viscosity after adjustment - DIN-4 (s) 45.0

s

Degree of grinding (µm) 10.0

og

pH 8.8
bl
8.

Formulation IC/15
l6

Two-pack Finishing Paint

ica

High gloss, water-thinnable

em

Ingredient Function wt %
ch
/

Part A
:/
tp

Synaqua 3510 WL finishing varnish 190.0

ht

Byk 020 defoamer 6.0

Chromoxide green GN neutralizing amine 14.0
Tiona RCL-535 green pigment 120.0
Blanc fixe HD 80 barium sulphate extender 100.0
Efka 450 dispersant 5.0
Water 125.0
Synaqua 3510 WL finishing varnish 124.0
Byk 341 wetting agent 8.0
AMP 90 neutralizing amine 8.0
Efka 34 anti-crater agent 13.0
Water 237.0
Laponite RDS, 10% 20.0
1000.0
Part B
Desmodur LS 2980 binder 190.0
Proglide DMM glycol ether solvent 10.0
200.0

Product evaluation

Gloss <20°/<60°/<85° (%) 60.3/85.3/92.4

CIEBLAB-L*/a*/b* 50.66/-14.92/13.90
Viscosity component A - VT-500 Pa(s) 8.1
Water (%) 22.0
Viscosity after adjustment - DIN-4 (s) 33.0
Degree of grinding (µm) 15.0
pH 8.0

23