Quotation Marks

Quotation marks are used principally to set off

direct quotations. A direct quotation consists of
material taken from the written work or the direct
speech of others; it is set off by double quotation
marks. Single quotation marks are used to set off
a quotation within a quotation.
He said, I dont remember if she said, Wait for
me.

Quotation Marks
Use quotation marks to set off slang, technical
terms, and special words.
The platoon system changed the game of
football. [technical term]

Italics
Italics (slanting type) are also used to call special
attention to certain words of groups of words. In
handwriting or typing, such words are underlined.

Italics
Italicize (underline) foreign words and phrases
that are still listed in the dictionary as foreign.
modus operandi
perestroika

Italics
Italicize titles of books; long poems; plays;
magazines; motion pictures; musical
compositions, newspapers; works of art; names of
aircraft and ships; and letters, numbers, and
words referred to by their own name.
War and Peace
Apollo 12
Leaving the second o out of sophomore.

Quotation Mark & Italics

EXERCISE 4 Pg. 167

The Dash
The dash is used when a stronger pause than a
comma is needed. It can also be used to indicate a
break in the flow of thought and to emphasize
words (less formal than the colon in this
situation.)
I cant remember the townnow I doits
Tupelo.

The Colon
The colon is a formal mark of punctuation used
chiefly to introduce something that is to follow,
such as a list, a quotation, or an explanation.

These cars are my favorites: Cadillac, Chevrolet,

Toyota, Oldsmobile, and Pontiac.

Parentheses
Parentheses are used to set off material that is of
relatively little importance to the main thought of
the sentence. Such materialnumbers,
parenthetical material, figures, supplementary
material, and sometimes explanatory details
merely amplifies the main thought.
The years of the era (1961-1973) were full of
action.
I paid twenty dollars ($20) for that mousepad.

Brackets
Brackets are used within a quotation to set off
editorial additions or corrections made by the
person who is quoting.

It [the Yalta Agreement] contained many

mistakes.

The Apostrophe
The apostrophe is used with nouns and indefinite
pronouns to show possession, to show the
omission of letters and figures in contractions, and
to form the plurals of letters, figures, and words
referred to as words.
mans coat
girls clothes
cant
five ands
its [contraction]

The Hyphen
The hyphen is used to link two or more words
together into a single compound word. Hyphenation,
therefore, is essentially a spelling problem rather
than a punctuation problem. Because the hyphen is
not used with any degree of consistency, it is best to
consult your dictionary to learn current usage.

Uses of the Hyphen

Use a hyphen to separate the parts of many compound words.
about-face
go-between
Use a hyphen between prefixes and proper names.
all-American
mid-July

Use a hyphen with spelled-out compound numbers up to ninety-nine and

with fractions.
Twenty-six one hundred two-thirds
Use a hyphen to join two or more words used as a single-adjective
modifier before a noun.
First-class servicehard-fought game
sad-looking mother

Use English Conventions for Capital Letters

Capitalize the first word of a sentence
Capitalize proper nouns and adjectives derived from
proper nouns such as the names of persons,
countries, nationalities and races, days of the week,
months, and titles of books
Capitalize words denoting family relationships when
they are used before a name or substituted for a
name.
The minister greeted Aunt May, my grandfather,
and Mother.

WEEKLY ASSIGNMENT
Exercise 5 - Pg. 174
Remember to use Captial Letters and the
following punctuation marks
Parenthesis
Comma
Quotation Marks
Apostrophes
Dashes