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-1-2-1 3 ............................... ................................ ................................ ................................
-2-2-1 4 ..................................... ................................ ................................ ................................
-3-2-1 4 ......... ................................ ................................
-4-2-1 4 .......................... ................................ ................................ ................................
-5-2-1 50 4 ......................... ................................
-6-2-1 4 .................................... ................................
-7-2-1 50 4 ...................... ................................
-8-2-1 4 ........... ................................ ................................
-9-2-1 5 ............ ................................ ................................
- 10-2-1 5 ...................... ................................ ................................ ................................
- 11-2-1 5 .......... ................................ ................................ ................................
- 12-2-1 5 ........................... ................................ ................................ ................................
- 13-2-1 5 ................. ................................ ................................ ................................
- 14-2-1 5 ............................... ................................ ................................ ................................
- 15-2-1 6 .................................. ................................ ................................ ................................
- 16-2-1 6 ............... ................................ ................................ ................................
- 17-2-1 6 ........................ ................................ ................................ ................................
- 18-2-1 6 ........................... ................................ ................................
- 19-2-1 6 ..................... ................................ ................................ ................................
- 20-2-1 6 .......................... ................................ ................................ ................................
- 21-2-1 )6 ...... ................................ ................................ ................................ (CFO
- 22-2-1 7 ....... ................................ ................................ ................................
- 23-2-1 7 .......... ................................ ................................ ................................
- 24-2-1 7 ......................... ................................ ................................ ................................
- 25-2-1 7 .......................... ................................ ................................ ................................
- 26-2-1 7 .......................... ................................ ................................ ................................
- 27-2-1 7 ...................... ................................ ................................ ................................

 - 28-2-1 )7 ...................... ................................ ................................ (Un

- 29-2-1 )8 ................. ................................ ................................ (Um
- 30-2-1 8 ............................... ................................ ................................ ................................

-3-1 8.......................................................................................................
-1-3-1 8 ........................ ................................ ................................ ................................
-2-3-1 9 ..................... ................................ ................................ ................................
-3-3-1 10..................... ................................ ................................ ................................

-4-1 11........................................................................................................................
-5-1 12.........................................................

-1-2 19................................................................................................................................................
-2-2 19...................................................................................
-1-2-2 19........................... ................................ ................................ ................................
-2-2-2 21............................... ................................
-3-2-2 23............................... ................................
-1- 3-2-2 24 ...........................................................
-2- 3-2-2 25 ........................................

-4-2-2 35........... ................................ ................................ ................................

-3-2 35....................................................................................
-4-2 36.......................................................................................................................
-5-2 36.........................................................................................................................

-1-3 41.........................................................................................
-2-3 41..............................................................................................
-1-2-3 ) ( 41..................... ................................
-2-2-3 42...................... ................................ ................................ ................................
-1- 2-2-3 42 .............................................................................................................................
-2- 2-2-3 42 .........................................................................................................................
-3- 2-2-3 42 .............................................................................................................................

-3-2-3 43.............. ................................ ................................

-1- 3-2-3 43 .............................................................................................................................
-2- 3-2-3 43 .......................................................................................................................

 -3- 3-2-3 44 .............................................................................................................................

-4-2-3 44........................... ................................ ................................ ................................

-5-2-3 44......................... ................................ ................................
-1- 5-2-3 44 ..............................................................................................
-2- 5-2-3 44 ............................................................................................................................
-3- 5-2-3 44 ............................................................................................................
-4- 5-2-3 45 ...................................................................................

-6-2-3 46.................... ................................ ................................

-1- 6-2-3 46 ...............................................................
-2- 6-2-3 47 ..............................................................................

-7-2-3 47.................. ................................ ................................

-1- 7-2-3 48 ............................................................................
-2- 7-2-3 48 ..................................
-3- 7-2-3 49 ......................................................
-4- 7-2-3 49 ...........................................................................
-5- 7-2-3 ) (51 .....................
-6- 7-2-3 ) ( 52 ...........
-7- 7-2-3 ) (53 ......................................

-8-2-3 53........................... ................................

-1- 8-2-3 ) (53 ................................................................................
-2- 8-2-3 ) (55 .......................................................
-3- 8-2-3 ) (58 ...............................................................
-4- 8-2-3 ) (58 ......................................................................................
-5- 8-2-3 ) (59 ................................................................................................
-6- 8-2-3 )( ) (59 ................................................................
-7- 8-2-3 61 ...................................................................................................................
-8- 8-2-3 62 ..................................................................................................................

-1-4 75.......................................................................................................................
-2-4 75................................................................................................................................................
-3-4 75..........................................................................................
79.....................................................................................................................................

.
... .
.

-1-1

.
:
:
.

.

.

.

.

-2-1
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. .

1. Insulator string

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.

.
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.
-4-2-1

.
-5-2-1 50

50
.
-6-2-1

.
-7-2-1 50

50
.
-8-2-1

1. Lot
2. Dry lightning impulse withstand voltage
3. Flashover
4. 50% dry lightning impulse flashover voltage
5. Wet switching impulse withstand voltage
6. 50% wet switching impulse flashover voltage
7. Wet power frequency withstand voltage

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.
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.
.
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.
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. .

. 105 106 .

.
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IEC
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.
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. .
1. Wet power frequency flashover voltage
2. Puncture voltage
3. Mechanical failing load
4. Creepage distance
5. Specified characteristic
6. Post insulator

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.
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50 .

1. Coupling
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3. Eccentricity
4. Pitch circles
5. Fixing holes
6. Angular deviation of the fixing holes
7. Rigid bus structure
8. Strain bus structure
9. Critical flashover voltage

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:
-

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: 60 .

-25-2-1

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-27-2-1

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( .
- 28- 2-1 )(Un

1. Critical stroke amplitude

2. Ground flash density
3. Keraunic level
4. Surge impedance
5. Back flashover
6. Insulation coordination

- 29- 2-1 )(Um

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420 .
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Um 2
3

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.

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25
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1300 .
15 30
49 .
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31014 W-cm . ) 4-6/5 (e r .

50 0/1
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.
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:
600 1000
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195 . 1012 1019W-cm
1100 10 W-cm.
5/5-10 .

1.Glass insulators

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2

3

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(.
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Silicon Rubber .

.
20 30
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drop dead end suspension
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1.Composite insulators
2. Clearance

11

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.
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.
.
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. IEC 60273
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. ) (1-1 .
) (1-1 ].[4

13

:1-1

) (1-1
C .

. C20-1550 20
1550 .

1. External fittings

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1-1

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22

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CFO LS
605

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= SL

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: CFOLS ) (
:
LIWL
sfL
1 - 1.28
CFO LS

)(2-2

= CFO LS

:
:LIWL

: s fL .
sfL
s fL 3 CFOLS
CFO LS

0/03 .
SL
. SL.

.

23

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.

.
.
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.

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24

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.
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.
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0.96(3400)K g

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1/25
1/45 ].[5
: CFOSS
:
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SIWL
sfs
1 - 1.28
CFO SS

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:SIWL

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sfs
s fs 6 CFOSS
CFO SS

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SS
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.
.
.
.

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1. Semiconducting glaze insulators

26

IEC 60815 ] .[6

.
.
:
:



.

.

.
:
. IEC 60815 :
.
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:
) (1-2
- .
:1-2

16

20

25

31

1. Long rod insulators

27

:
-

16
12.

31
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: ... .

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. :
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Le = U m CD I K d

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:Kd ) (6-2 .
.
:
Le
.
Le . Le

.

. Kd Kd
.
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D m<300mm

Kd=1

Dm500mm

Kd=1.1
300

D m>500mm

Kd=1.2

Dm ) (7-2 ) (8-2 :

28

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)(8-2

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D e + Di
2

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4

= Dm

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S

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S
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0/65 .
S P . )(3-2
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Ld
d
Ld

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*(.

1. Antifog insulator

29

d .
Ld . .
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P1-P2 P1 .
P2 . 15
.
. ) a (2-2
5 . .
2 .
.

. .
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.
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CF PF CF .
PF .
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Lt

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Lt St

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CF

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30

- PF

S
. :
2P+S ) (3-2 ) (6-2 2P1+ 2P2+S
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:
)(9-2

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2P + S
L

= PF

2P1 + 2P2 + S
L

= PF

L S .
0/8
0/7.
PF

.
:
-

.
) (
.
) ( .
) (
) ( .
.

:1-2 C

:2-2

31

32

:3-2

:4-2

:5-2 Cap &Pin

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33

34

:7-2

:8-2

35

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. .
.

.
. )
( .


. ) (SNR
.
.

. IEC 60437
. NEMA ANSI C29.1 107 IEEE 539
.
) (
.

-3-2


. .

) :1 :2
:3 :4
:5 ( )
) ( 2/5 )

1. Radio interference

36

( 1/5 ( " " "

" " " .

-4-2
.
:
) (2-2 ) (3-2 . . . )
(.

-5-2
.
:
230 : 245 : 950 : 395 : :*
11 : :
) (2-2 ) (3-2
950 395
.
11 .
) (1-2
16 . 1/1 Kd ) (5-2
:

37

Le=UmCDI Kd= 245 161/1=4312 mm

) (1-1 C12.5-950
) ( .
3/5 0/8.

38

41

63 400
.

-1-3
.
1
" _ "
.

-2-3
63 400
.

. .
IEC 60168.
-1-2-3 ) (2
:
-

* .

:
-

3 .

IEC 60437

IEC 60507
1. Routine test
2. Outdoor

* 230

3. Deflection

42

IEC 60071 .
-2-2-3
:
-1-2-2-3

.

.
.

. .

. 10
. .
)
( .
-2-2-2-3

.
.
-3-2-2-3

.
:

1 .
1. Type tests
2. Sample tests
3. Routine tests

43

-3-2-3
-1-3-2-3

:
-

5-7-2-3

) ( 6-7-2-3

7-7-2-3

1-8-2-3

2-8-2-3

:
-

3-8-2-3

IEC 60437

IEC 60507

-2-3-2-3

)
(1-6-2-3 :
-

1-8-2-3

4-8-2-3

2-8-2-3

5-8-2-3

)( 6-8-2-3

) (
.
.

.

1.Prototype tests

44

-3-3-2-3

.
-

7-8-2-3

8-8-2-3

-4-2-3

.
ISO 9000 9004
.
2 .
-5-2-3
-1-5-2-3

.
.

.
-2-5-2-3

.
.
:

. .
.

-3-5-2-3

1. Quality assurance
2. National standards

45

.
:
-

1 .

2 5 .

3 10 .

:
- 1 .
- 2 .
.
.
.

. .
- 3 .
.

-4-5-2-3

.
.
:
4

.
1. Arcing distance
2. Nominal shed spacing
3. Nominal shed projection
4. Tensile test
5. Torsion test
6. Compression test

46

.
:
-

20 .

:
- 1 ) ( )
( ) ( P0 h
.
.
- 2
.
- 3 .
- 4
.

-6-2-3
-1-6-2-3

) (1-3 .
.
:1-3
)(N

N 100

100 < N 500

N> 500

1/5N
1000

* 4+

* .

47

-2-6-2-3

.
.

.

. .
.

.
.
:
) (
.

.

.
.

.
-7-2-3
.
IEC 60060-1 .

48

-1-7-2-3

IEC -1
60060.

2 .

. .

.
.

85
.
-

-2-7-2-3

: IEC 60060-1.
: IEC 60060-1 .

) (K1 ) (K2 K=K1*K2
:
= K

)(1-3
)(2-3

= ) (

:

) .( K=K1 , K2=1

49

-3-7-2-3

IEC 60060-1 .
.
:

.

-4-7-2-3

:
)
(.

.
:

.
. 1/8
. 2/5
.

. 1/5
. 1/5
25 .

.

1/5 .
.
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.
.

50

.
.
)
( 50 .
H
) (2-3 .
:2-3
) (h

)(H

h 2500
2500 < h 3200
3200 < h 4200
h> 4200

2500
3000
4000
5000

.
0/75 .
1/5 2 .
) ( .

.

1/5 .
) (
.
:
- 1 H ) (2-3
.
- 2
. .

:
.

.

51

:

. 1/8 .

-5-7-2-3 ) (

2-7-2-3 1-7-2-3 4-7-2-3 .

1/2

50

.
)
(:
-

15

50 .
:
.

.
.

.
50 :
50
1 IEC 60060-1 . 50
.
50
1
=) 1/04
1 - 1/3s

( s = %3 s

1. Up and down method

52

-6-7-2-3 ) (

1-7-2-3 4-7-2-3 .
250
IEC 60060-1
2500

.
)
( :
-

15

50 .

:
300
.

:
.
.
.

.
50:

50 IEC 60060-1 .
50 .
50
1
) 1/085
1 - 1/3s

= ( s =%6

s .

.

53

-7-7-2-3 ) (

:
IEC 60060-1 .
1-7-2-3 4-7-2-3 . 2-7-2-3
. .
:

.
:
.

:

75 2
. 1
) (2-7-2-3
.
-8-2-3
.
-1-8-2-3 ) (

.
)
IEC 60273 (.
:

) (:
) ( 0/04 d + 1/5 d 300
) (0/025 d + 6 d > 300 .
1. Arithmetic mean

54

d .
:

.
:
IEC 60273

) ( 0/04 d + 1/5
) 2( 0/04 d + 1/5 .
:
) (
IEC 60273
.
1 1/5 + 0/008 h h
.
2 BS 3297
:
0/5 hmm - 250 mm
2 (1+h) mm -
1 - ) h (.

.
:
)(1-3
.

:

.
3 .

1. Camber
2. Parallelism

55

.
12 .
:
- 1 ) (1- 3 .
- 2
.

:
.

.
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:

.
:
-

.
:
.
.

:

.
.
.

56

:

.

. .
:
50
35 100
.

:
:

Px P0 ) P50 IEC 60273

50 , x , 0 x 50 (
. M
.

.
:

:
-

P0 .

Px P50 1 x
50 .
:

:
-

P0
.

Px
x .

1. Extension piece

57

) (
) ( .
:

M
IEC 60273
.
M IEC 60273 :
-

C4-60 : M=0.5 P0h C20-650

Px= 0.5P0 x
P0h ) h (.

C2-750 : M=0.2P0h C10-2550

Px x .

M P0h
.
:
M
.
.

:

. )
(.
:
.
)
(.
:
.
)
( . ) (
.

58

:
.
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.
.
. 50 20 70
.
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: .

5 .

: ) (
50
15+0/7m ) 30 m
( .
.
.
.

.
: .
.

1. Temperature cycle test

59

-5-8-2-3 ) 1 (

.
:
3 2 / ) Astrazon ( Basonil 3

15
180 .
.
: .
.
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ISO 2064 1463 1461 1460 1459

2178 .
:

. .
.
40 100
.
.
.

: ) (
. 6
:

1. Porosity test
2. Methin
3. Methyl alcohol
4. Ethyl alcohol
5. Galvanizing test
6. Decisive test

60

1 2 3 .
ISO 1460 .
4 . ISO 1463

.
:

5 . .

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.
:
ISO 2178 ) 4
( ) 5 ( .
3 10 .
) ( .
:

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: :

ISO 1459 2-4-5 .
. 4
:
-

0/5 4000 .

20 4000 100000 .

0/02 100000
7 .

.
1. Gravimetric method
2. Casting
3. Forging
4. Microscopical
5. Gazometric

61

:
.
.
.

:

.
:
-

600 500
.

375 300 .

:
:
300 g = 54m

375 g = 70m

500 g = 85m

600 g

= 43m
m2

m2

m2

m2

.
.

-7-8-2-3

.
.
.
.
.
)
( .
: .
.
:
)(3-3

D F
mm 2
2000

100 +

1. Routine visual inspection

62

:
)(4-3

50 + D F mm2
20000

D F .
) ( .
25 .
) ( 25
2 .
) ( .
.
)
( . 50mm 10mm
15 .
:
)(5-3
D F .
-8-8-2-3

D F
1500

50 +

.
770
.
.
: .
)
( . .
.

-
50 .
. 3 .

1.Routine mechanical test

63

70
.
3 .
:

.

-
.
-

0.5 P 0h ) 0.2 P 0h ( P0h

.

.
-

. )
(
.
.

- :

: .
.
:

.
.
70
100 .
:
- 1 1- 3 .
- 2 .

64

770 :
770 .
.
: .
.

65

) :(1-3
:

.
: ) 1-3 (
1 .
2 .
.
.
A .
250 .

:1-3

1. Turntable
2. Conical shank screws

66

) 1-3 (

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79

.964-91742-7-3 : : [ 1]
-463-023-8 : - : [ 2]
.964
. : [ 3]
[4] IEC 60273,"Characteristics of Indoor and Out Door Post Insulators for Systems with Nominal
Voltages Greater Than 1000 V", Third Edition, 1990.
[5] IEC 60071-1,"Insulation Coordination Part1: Definitions, Principles and Rules", Seventh Edition,
1993-12.
[6] IEC 600071-2,''Insulation Coordination- Part2: Application Guide'', Third Edition, 1996-12.
[7] IEC 60168,''Tests On Indoor And Outdoor Post Insulators Of Ceramic Material Or Glass For Systems
With Nominal Voltages Greater Than 1000v", Edition4.2, 2001-04.
[8] IEC 60437,'' Radio Interference Test On High Voltage Insulators'', Second Edition, 1997-09.
[9] IEC 60507," Artificial Pollution Tests On High Voltage Insulators To Be Used On Ac Systems ",
Second Edition, 1991.
[10] IEC 60060-1,''High Voltage Test Techniques- Part1; General Definitions And Test Requirements",
Second Edition, 1989-110.
[11] IEC 60815,"Guide For The Selection Of Insulators In Polluted Conditions".
[12] IEC 60672-1, "Ceramic And Glass Insulating Materials Part 1-Definitions And Classifications".
[13] IEC 60672-3, " Ceramic And Glass Insulating Materials Part 3- Specifications For Individual
Materials".
[14] ISO-9001, "Quality Management Systems Requirements".
[15] ISO-9002, "Mode For Quality Assurance In Production, Installation And Servicing".
[16] ISO-9003, "Quality Systems. Specification For Final Inspection And Test".
[17] ISO-9004, " Quality Management Systems. Guidelines For Performance Improvements".

79

.964-91742-7-3 : : [ 1]
-463-023-8 : - : [ 2]
.964
. : [ 3]
[4] IEC 60273,"Characteristics of Indoor and Out Door Post Insulators for Systems with Nominal
Voltages Greater Than 1000 V", Third Edition, 1990.
[5] IEC 60071-1,"Insulation Coordination Part1: Definitions, Principles and Rules", Seventh Edition,
1993-12.
[6] IEC 600071-2,''Insulation Coordination- Part2: Application Guide'', Third Edition, 1996-12.
[7] IEC 60168,''Tests On Indoor And Outdoor Post Insulators Of Ceramic Material Or Glass For Systems
With Nominal Voltages Greater Than 1000v", Edition4.2, 2001-04.
[8] IEC 60437,'' Radio Interference Test On High Voltage Insulators'', Second Edition, 1997-09.
[9] IEC 60507," Artificial Pollution Tests On High Voltage Insulators To Be Used On Ac Systems ",
Second Edition, 1991.
[10] IEC 60060-1,''High Voltage Test Techniques- Part1; General Definitions And Test Requirements",
Second Edition, 1989-110.
[11] IEC 60815,"Guide For The Selection Of Insulators In Polluted Conditions".
[12] IEC 60672-1, "Ceramic And Glass Insulating Materials Part 1-Definitions And Classifications".
[13] IEC 60672-3, " Ceramic And Glass Insulating Materials Part 3- Specifications For Individual
Materials".
[14] ISO-9001, "Quality Management Systems Requirements".
[15] ISO-9002, "Mode For Quality Assurance In Production, Installation And Servicing".
[16] ISO-9003, "Quality Systems. Specification For Final Inspection And Test".
[17] ISO-9004, " Quality Management Systems. Guidelines For Performance Improvements".

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Islamic Republic of Iran

Vice Presidency for Strategic Planning and Supervision

General Technical Specification and

Execution Procedures for Transmission
and Subtransmission Networks
Substation Insulators (63 kv- 400 kv)
NO: 429-2

Office of Deputy for Strategic Supervision

Bureau of Technical Execution System
http://tec.mporg.ir

Energy Ministry - Tavanir Co.

Power Industry Technical Criteria
Project
www.tavanir.ir




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