BUILDING A

NATION
CHAPTER 6 & 7 (PGS. 182-235)
WASHINGTONS NEW
GOVERNMENT
CHAPTER 6, SECTION 1 (PGS. 182-187)
L1 HW REVIEW QUESTIONS
Identify & Example (2 sentences)
1) precedent 2) revenue 3) tariff
Main Idea (3-5 sentences)
Why was the federal court system created?
How does a protective tariff work? (Merit Option)
Summarize (6 sentences)
Washingtons Cabinet (Merit Option)
Hamilton vs. Jefferson (Merit Option)
Critical Thinking (5-7 sentences)
About government, who do you agree with more: Jefferson or
Hamilton?
Newspaper Article: Describe the Whiskey Rebellion. Do your
support or criticize it?
NEW GOVERNMENT
1
st
President: George Washington
No precedent for how to make govnt
work
The Judiciary Act of 1789:
established national court system
State court decisions can be
appealed to a federal court over
constitutional matters
The Cabinet:
1. Department of State
Deal with foreign affairs
Secretary of State:
Thomas Jefferson
2. Department of War
Handle military matters
Secretary of War: Henry
Knox
3. Department of Treasury
Manage finances
Secretary of the
Treasury: Alexander
Hamilton
TYPE OF GOVNT
THOMAS JEFFERSON
Democratic-
Republican: weak
central govnt
Economy that favored
farmers
Opposed national bank =
alliance between wealthy
elite & govnt
Supported by
agricultural South

ALEXANDER HAMILTON
Federalist: strong
central govnt
Economy to help
industry (businessmen)
Set up Bank of the
United States (issue
paper money, handle
taxes)
Supported by industrial
North
CONGRESS &
TAXATION
1. Protective tariff: placed tax
on imported goods from
Europe = revenue for federal
govnt
Also encourages
domestic business
2. Excise tax (sales tax) on
whiskey
Whiskey Rebellion:
frontier farmers so angry
they attack tax collectors
Hamilton sends in federal
troops to show Executive
Branch can enforce the
law

FOREIGN AFFAIRS,
WESTWARD EXPANSION
& JEFFERSONS
PRESIDENCY
CHAPTER 6, SECTION 2 & 3 (PGS. 190-201)
L2 HW REVIEW QUESTIONS
Identify & Example (2 sentences)
1) harass 2) bribe 3) criticize 4) appointment 5) invalid
Main Idea (3-5 sentences)
In what ways can neutrality be a good foreign policy position?
What is the 12
th
Amendment?
Summarize (6 sentences)
How did Jefferson limit the federal govnt? (Merit Option)
Judicial Review (Merit Option)
Summarize podcast:
http://www.stuffyoushouldknow.com/podcasts/lewis-clark-worked/
Critical Thinking (5-7 sentences)
Imagine you just arrived as an immigrant into a new U.S. in 1790.
Discuss the unconstitutionality of the Alien & Sedition Acts?

FOREIGN AFFAIRS TROUBLES
ISSUES WITH FRANCE
1789, France overthrew
their monarch; went to war
with Britain
US had treaty with France
Democratic-Republicans
want to honor treaty vs.
Federalists support Britain
Washingtons Policy =
neutrality: support neither
side, stay out of conflict

ISSUES WITH SPAIN
Pinckney's Treaty:
1795 US & Spain
negotiated agreement
over lands west of
Appalachian Mts.
1. Spain gave up lands
east of Mississippi
2. Spain agreed to open
Mississippi River to
American traffic
Effect: American
expansion west
PROBLEMS OUT
WEST
Despite losing Revolutionary
War, Britain maintained forts in
Northwest Territory
Jay Treaty 1794, Britain
gave up forts; still harassed
American ships in Caribbean
Native Americans angry; 1790
Little Turtle led Miami Tribe
against American troops
1794: Native Americans
defeated at the Battle of
Fallen Timbers = end of
Native American resistance

SECTIONALISM VS. NATIONALISM
Washington retired after 2 terms
Federalist John Adams = President
Supported by Northern states
Democratic-Republican Thomas Jefferson = vice-President
Supported by Southern states
Sectionalism: placing the interests of one region over those of the
nation as a whole
XYZ Affair: French officials demanded bribes from Americans
John Adams deals with crisis through diplomacy, not war
Republicans criticized Adams + Federalists viewed immigrants as
a threat
Alien & Sedition Acts of 1798: 1) harder for immigrants to become
citizens & 2) harsh punishments for people who criticize govnt
Principle of nullification: states could refuse to obey federal laws
if they are unconstitutional


ELECTION OF 1800
Jefferson vs. Adams
Jefferson wins by 8
electoral votes
Tied with vice-President
House of Reps. vote for
Jefferson
12
th
Amendment:
electors vote
separately for
president & vice-
president
JEFFERSONS PRESIDENCY
Jefferson limited power of federal govnt: simple &
small
1. Reduced size of federal army
2. Reduced influence of national bank
Adams appointed John Marshall as Chief Justice of
Supreme Court; increased judges to 16; filled
positions with Federalists: midnight judges
Jefferson argued appointments not valid
Marbury v. Madison: Adams actions =
unconstitutional
= precedent for judicial review: allows
Supreme Court to declare a law
unconstitutional


WESTWARD EXPANSION
Louisiana Purchase, 1803:
Jefferson bought western land
(Mississippi River to Rocky Mts.)
from Napoleon, French Emperor
Doubled the size of the United
States
Sent Meriwether Lewis and
William Clark to explore, survey,
and map area
Aided by Sacajawea, Native
American guide & interpreter
Their research paved the way
for settlement of the West
THE WAR OF 1812
CHAPTER 6, SECTION 4
L3 HW REVIEW QUESTIONS
Identify & Example (2 sentences)
1) blockade 2) embargo 3) drafting 4) consequence
Main Idea (3-5 sentences)
How did conflict between Britain & France affect America?
What are the characteristics of a War Hawk?
What is the British practice of impressment?
Summarize (6 sentences)
War of 1812: Causes (Merit Option)
War of 1812: Consequences (Merit Option)
Critical Thinking (5-7 sentences)
Why would the British supply arms to Native Americans?
BACKGROUND
Cause #1:
1804: Britain and France at war
France blockades Britain
Britain blockades Europe
Impressment: practice in which British forced captured American
sailors to serve in British navy
Effect: American ships prevented from doing business in Europe
By 1807, 1,000 American ships seized by Britain & France
Effect 2: Jefferson asked for embargo: ban on exporting goods
Hurt American merchants

NATIVE ISSUES
Cause #2:
1809: General William
Henry Harrison made
Natives sign away
millions of acres of land
Tecumseh organized
confederacy to fight for
lands; defeated in 1811
America discovers
British Canada
supplied arms to
Natives

CAUSES
REVIEWED
1) Impressment: British
practice of seizing
Americans at sea and
drafting them into
British navy
2) British Canada
supplied arms to
Native Confederacy
3) War Hawks call for
open war
Legislators John
C. Calhoun and
Henry Clay push
for war with Britain
THE WAR OF 1812
1808: James Madison becomes President
1812: Madison asked Congress to declare war on Britain
Americans not successful at first
Weak navy/army = few volunteers, not prepared
1
st
victory: U.S. Navy defeated British on Lake Erie
1814: British sacked Washington D.C., burnt Capitol & other public
buildings; Madison had to flee city
Britain distracted by Napoleon in Europe
Jan. 1815: General Andrew Jackson routed British at Battle of
New Orleans AFTER WAR WAS OVER
Dec. 1814: Treaty of Ghent declared armistice


CONSEQUENCES
1) End of Federalist Party
Why? Members had
opposed the war
2) Encouraged American
manufacturing
Decline in
trade/products from
Britain = domestic
business
3) America = free &
independent
National pride: stood
up to powerful British
Empire
DIFFERENT
REGIONAL
ECONOMIES
CHAPTER 7, SECTION 1 (PGS. 212-218)
L4 HW REVIEW QUESTIONS
Identify & Example (2 sentences)
1) factory 2) manufacture 3) foreign 4) currency
Main Idea (3-5 sentences)
NONE
Summarize (6 sentences)
How did interchangeable parts change America? (Merit Option)
How did the cotton gin affect America?
How did the American System attempt to unify America? (Merit
Option)
Critical Thinking (5-7 sentences)
Make a prediction: How do you think Eli Whitneys ideas and
inventions might affect the future of the United States?
NEW TECHNOLOGY
1789, Eli Whitney
developed use of
interchangeable parts:
standardized parts that
can be used in place of
one another
Effect: mass
production; use of
power-driven
machinery + many
laborers = production
of goods in large
amounts
INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION
New technology = changes in
manufacturing = Industrial
Revolution = factory system =
massive economic & social
changes
New England = difficult for
farming
Farmers use cash to buy
manufactured goods
North did not depend on
slavery

SOUTHERN
AGRICULTURAL
REVOLUTION
1793, Eli Whitney
invented the cotton gin:
helped clean cotton =
increased cotton
production = large cotton
plantations = increased
slavery
Slavery almost
doubled mid-1800s:
700,000 1.2 million
ATTEMPTS AT
UNIFICATION
The American System by Henry Clay
1. Establish protective tariffs =
encourage domestic business
Tariff of 1816: increased cost of
foreign-made goods
2. Strengthen National Bank = safe
currency/savings
1816: Second Bank of the U.S. =
national currency
3. National transportation system
1811, National Road: Maryland
Illinois = carry settlers WEST
Erie Canal: connect Great Lakes
Atlantic Ocean