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    This document discusses homology, orthologs, and paralogs. Homology refers to evolutionary relationships between sequences that share ancestry, though there can be false positives from convergent evolution or chance. Homologs are genes related by descent from a common ancestral sequence. Orthologs are genes in different species that evolved from a common ancestral gene after speciation. Paralogs are genes related within a genome by duplication. The quick quiz determines that human alpha globin and myoglobin are ancient paralogs from gene duplication, while cow and human alpha globin are recent orthologs from a more recent species split.

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    This document discusses homology, orthologs, and paralogs. Homology refers to evolutionary relationships between sequences that share ancestry, though there can be false positives from convergent evolution or chance. Homologs are genes related by descent from a common ancestral sequence. Orthologs are genes in different species that evolved from a common ancestral gene after speciation. Paralogs are genes related within a genome by duplication. The quick quiz determines that human alpha globin and myoglobin are ancient paralogs from gene duplication, while cow and human alpha globin are recent orthologs from a more recent species split.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    31 views5 pages

    Slides05P02 Homology PDF

    Uploaded by

    Ting541
    This document discusses homology, orthologs, and paralogs. Homology refers to evolutionary relationships between sequences that share ancestry, though there can be false positives from convergent evolution or chance. Homologs are genes related by descent from a common ancestral sequence. Orthologs are genes in different species that evolved from a common ancestral gene after speciation. Paralogs are genes related within a genome by duplication. The quick quiz determines that human alpha globin and myoglobin are ancient paralogs from gene duplication, while cow and human alpha globin are recent orthologs from a more recent species split.

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    of 5

    LSM2241 Practical 2

    Part 5
    Homology
    Homology?
    Evolutionary relationship between
    sequences
    Shared ancestry
    False positives!
    Sequence similarity
    Convergent evolution
    Chance
    Homologs VS Orthologs VS Paralogs
    Homologs
    A gene related to a second
    gene by descent from a
    common DNA sequence
    Orthologs
    Genes in different species
    that evolved from a common
    ancestral gene after a
    speciation event
    Paralog
    Genes related by duplication
    within a genome
    QUICK QUIZ TIME
    Find FASTA sequence of
    Human alpha globin
    Bos taurus alpha globin
    Human myoglobin
    Determine which are paralogs and which are
    orthologs
    Ancient paralogs: Human alpha globin and
    myoglobin
    Diverged from ancient gene duplication
    Recent orthologs: Cow alpha globin and
    human alpha globin
    More recent split

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