SIMPLE PIPE PRESSURE DROP CALCULATION - READ ME

Overview
This spreadsheet contains pipe pressure drop calculations for single phase fluids (either gas or liquid)
Friction factor is calculated iteratively using the Colebrook-White equation (which is the key equation used to genera
well known Moodey Chart)
Preliminary pipe wall thickness calculations, lookup of standard industry sizes and erosional velocity checks are also
included.

Liability
No warrantees are made with respect to the accuracy or applicability of the calculations in this spreadsheet.
The onous is on the user to verfiy that any results obtained are correct and appropriate for the work being carrying o
Copyright
This spreadsheet is the intellectual property of the author, Andrew Hooks.
You are free to use it and distribute it however, you may not make it available for download from any website
without prior written consent and you must not remove or obscure any notices regarding authorship. (Basically
don't steal or take credit for my work).
Contact
email:
for other tools visit:

feedback@firstprincipleseng.net
www.firstprincipleseng.net

gle phase fluids (either gas or liquid)

equation (which is the key equation used to generate the

dustry sizes and erosional velocity checks are also

lity of the calculations in this spreadsheet.

rrect and appropriate for the work being carrying out.

it available for download from any website

any notices regarding authorship. (Basically

PIPELINE PRESSURE DROP CALCULATION (SINGLE PHASE - LIQUID)

Notes
Fluid properties
Density
Viscosity

800 kg/m3
0.55 cP

3
800 kg/m
5.50E-04 Pa.s

Pipeline dimensions
X
6 0

Length
Nominal
Diameter
Outer diameter (actual)
WT - calculated
WT - overwrite
Internal diameter
Roughness
Elevation change

200
24
610
9.53

km
in
mm
mm
in
23.25 in
0.05 mm
10 m

200000
0.610
0.610
0.0095
0.0000
0.5905
0.00005
10

m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m

Wall thickness calc

Process conditions
Outlet pressure
Inlet temperature
Volume rate

30 bara
30 'C
100000 bbl/d

3000 kPa
303 K
3
0.1842 m /s

Flow conditions
Velocity
Re
Flow regime
Friction Factor
Efficiency factor

2.2 ft/s
5.78E+05

0.67 m/s

TURBULENT

Static dP
dP
Inlet pressure

0.0143
1.00
0.8 bar
8.7 bar
39.5 bara

78 kPa
875 kPa
3953 kPa

Checks
Erosional velocity (API 14E)
c factor
Gas/Liquid ratio
Specific gravity - gas
Compressibility (gas)
Specific gravity - liquid
"Mixture density"
Max. velocity
Max. velocity overwrite

150
10 scf/bbl
0.8
0.9
0.76
761 kg/m3
7 m/s
m/s

0.00000 scf/bbl

761 kg/m3
6.6 m/s
0.0 m/s

Inlet pressure [bara]

Sensitivities

70.0

Nom. Diameter

60.0

22 in

50.0

24 in

40.0

26 in

30.0

28 in

20.0
Basecase

10.0

0.0
0

50000

100000
Flow rate [bbl/d]

150000

200000

Max vel.
exceeded

Rate
sensitivity
25%
50%
75%
100%
125%
150%
Diameter
sensitivity
-1
0
1
2

Nominal diameter?
Lookup value
Lookup column offset
Diameter index
Nominal diameter - inches
Closest diam index (non-std)
Closest diam (non-std)

Sensitivity
Nom. Diam
--22 in
22 in
22 in
22 in
22 in
22 in
24 in
24 in
24 in
24 in
24 in
24 in
26 in
26 in
26 in
26 in
26 in
26 in
28 in
28 in
28 in
28 in
28 in
28 in

Out. Diam
m
0.5588
0.5588
0.5588
0.5588
0.5588
0.5588
0.6096
0.6096
0.6096
0.6096
0.6096
0.6096
0.6604
0.6604
0.6604
0.6604
0.6604
0.6604
0.7112
0.7112
0.7112
0.7112
0.7112
0.7112

TRUE
24
0
24
24.00 in
24
24.00 in

WT(min)
Schdl
WT(act)
m
--m
0.0085 STAN-DARD
0.0095
0.0085 STAN-DARD
0.0095
0.0085 STAN-DARD
0.0095
0.0085 STAN-DARD
0.0095
0.0085 STAN-DARD
0.0095
0.0085 STAN-DARD
0.0095
0.0090 STAN-DARD
0.0095
0.0090 STAN-DARD
0.0095
0.0090 STAN-DARD
0.0095
0.0090 STAN-DARD
0.0095
0.0090 STAN-DARD
0.0095
0.0090 STAN-DARD
0.0095
0.0095EXTRA STRONG 0.0127
0.0095EXTRA STRONG 0.0127
0.0095EXTRA STRONG 0.0127
0.0095EXTRA STRONG 0.0127
0.0095EXTRA STRONG 0.0127
0.0095EXTRA STRONG 0.0127
0.0100EXTRA STRONG 0.0127
0.0100EXTRA STRONG 0.0127
0.0100EXTRA STRONG 0.0127
0.0100EXTRA STRONG 0.0127
0.0100EXTRA STRONG 0.0127
0.0100EXTRA STRONG 0.0127

Int.Diam
m
0.540
0.540
0.540
0.540
0.540
0.540
0.591
0.591
0.591
0.591
0.591
0.591
0.635
0.635
0.635
0.635
0.635
0.635
0.686
0.686
0.686
0.686
0.686
0.686

Rate
bbl/d
25000
50000
75000
100000
125000
150000
25000
50000
75000
100000
125000
150000
25000
50000
75000
100000
125000
150000
25000
50000
75000
100000
125000
150000

Rate
sm3/s
0.05
0.09
0.14
0.18
0.23
0.28
0.05
0.09
0.14
0.18
0.23
0.28
0.05
0.09
0.14
0.18
0.23
0.28
0.05
0.09
0.14
0.18
0.23
0.28

Velocity
m/s
0.2
0.40
0.60
0.81
1.01
1.21
0.17
0.34
0.50
0.67
0.84
1.01
0.15
0.29
0.44
0.58
0.73
0.87
0.12
0.25
0.37
0.50
0.62
0.75

Re
--1.58E+05
3.16E+05
4.74E+05
6.32E+05
7.90E+05
9.48E+05
1.44E+05
2.89E+05
4.33E+05
5.78E+05
7.22E+05
8.67E+05
1.34E+05
2.69E+05
4.03E+05
5.37E+05
6.72E+05
8.06E+05
1.24E+05
2.49E+05
3.73E+05
4.97E+05
6.22E+05
7.46E+05

f
--0.0173
0.0155
0.0147
0.0142
0.0139
0.0137
0.0176
0.0157
0.0148
0.0143
0.0139
0.0137
0.0177
0.0158
0.0149
0.0143
0.0139
0.0137
0.0180
0.0159
0.0150
0.0144
0.0140
0.0137

dP
kPa
183
452
874
1445
2164
3031
146
319
589
953
1411
1961
126
247
435
689
1007
1390
111
194
323
496
713
973

Pin
kPa
3183
3452
3874
4445
5164
6031
3146
3319
3589
3953
4411
4961
3126
3247
3435
3689
4007
4390
3111
3194
3323
3496
3713
3973

Pin
bara
31.8
34.5
38.7
44.5
51.6
60.3
31.5
33.2
35.9
39.5
44.1
49.6
31.3
32.5
34.4
36.9
40.1
43.9
31.1
31.9
33.2
35.0
37.1
39.7

Points >
max vel
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A

Pipe schedule lookup table dimensions

Nr standard diameters
31
Nr schedule sizes
13
Chart titles
Inlet pressure [bara]
Flow rate [bbl/d]
Basecase point
x
y
pt1
100000
pt2
100000
pt3
0

0
39.53
39.53

PIPELINE PRESSURE DROP CALCULATION (SINGLE PHASE - GAS)

Notes
Fluid properties
Pipeline dimensions
Length
Nominal
Diameter
Outer diameter (actual)
WT - calculated
WT - overwrite
Internal diameter
Roughness
Elevation change

200
36
914
19.05

km
in
mm
mm
in
34.50 in
0.05 mm
0m

200000
0.914
0.914
0.0191
0.0000
0.8763
0.00005
0

m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m

Wall thickness calc

Process conditions
Outlet pressure
Guess inlet pressure
Inlet temperature
Outlet temperature
Volume rate

70
85
40
30
700

bara
bara
'C
'C
MMscf/d

Auto iterate

7000
8500
313
303
229.86

kPa(A)
kPa(A)
K
K
sm3/s

Flow conditions
Velocity
z
Density
Volume rate (actual)
Velocity
Flow regime
Re
Flow regime
Friction factor
Efficiency factor

Inlet
0.88
59.52
10.35
5.63

Outlet
0.90
49.19
11.82
6.43

Average
0.89
54.36 kg/m3
11.09 MMcf/d
6.03 m/s

Inlet
0.88
59.5
3.393
5.63

Outlet
0.90
49.2
3.875
6.43

2.1E+07
TURBULENT

Static dP
Frictional dP
Inlet pressure

0.011
1.00
0.00 bar
15.3 bar
85.3 bara

0 kPa
1529 kPa
8529 kPa(A)

Checks
Erosional velocity (API 14E)
c factor
Liquid/Gas ratio
Specific gravity - gas

150
10 bbl/MMscf
0.55

0.00001 bbl/scf

Specific gravity - liquid

"Mixture density"
Max. velocity
Max. velocity overwrite

0.76
63 kg/m3
23 m/s
m/s

63.5 kg/m3
23.0 m/s
0.0 m/s

Inlet pressure [bara]

Sensitivities

120.0

Nom. Diameter

100.0

34 in

80.0

36 in

60.0

42 in

40.0

42 in

20.0

Basecase

0.0
0

500

1000

Flow rate [MMscf/d]

1500

Max vel.
exceeded

Rate
sensitivity
25%
50%
75%
100%
125%
150%
Diameter
sensitivity
-1
0
1
2

Nominal?
Lookup value
Lookup column offset
Diameter index
Nominal diameter - inches
Closest diam index (non-std)
Closest diam (non-std)

FALSE

Average
0.89
3
54.36 kg/m
3
3.63 am /s
6.03 m/s

Sensitivity
Nom. Diam
--34 in
34 in
34 in
34 in
34 in
34 in
36 in
36 in
36 in
36 in
36 in
36 in
42 in
42 in
42 in
42 in
42 in
42 in
42 in
42 in
42 in
42 in
42 in
42 in

Out. Diam
m
0.8636
0.8636
0.8636
0.8636
0.8636
0.8636
0.9144
0.9144
0.9144
0.9144
0.9144
0.9144
1.0668
1.0668
1.0668
1.0668
1.0668
1.0668
1.0668
1.0668
1.0668
1.0668
1.0668
1.0668

TRUE
36
0
30
36.00 in
30
36.00 in

WT(min)
m
0.0159
0.0159
0.0159
0.0159
0.0159
0.0159
0.0167
0.0167
0.0167
0.0167
0.0167
0.0167
0.0189
0.0189
0.0189
0.0189
0.0189
0.0189
0.0189
0.0189
0.0189
0.0189
0.0189
0.0189

Schdl
--SCHED. 40
SCHED. 40
SCHED. 40
SCHED. 40
SCHED. 40
SCHED. 40
SCHED. 40
SCHED. 40
SCHED. 40
SCHED. 40
SCHED. 40
SCHED. 40
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A

WT(act)
m
0.0175
0.0175
0.0175
0.0175
0.0175
0.0175
0.0191
0.0191
0.0191
0.0191
0.0191
0.0191
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A

Int.Diam
m
0.829
0.829
0.829
0.829
0.829
0.829
0.876
0.876
0.876
0.876
0.876
0.876
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A

Rate
MMscf/d
175
350
525
700
875
1050
175
350
525
700
875
1050
175
350
525
700
875
1050
175
350
525
700
875
1050

Rate P(in)guess
sm3/s
kPa
57.47
8500
114.93
8500
172.40
8500
229.86
8500
287.33
8500
344.79
8500
57.47
8500
114.93
8500
172.40
8500
229.86
8500
287.33
8500
344.79
8500
57.47
8500
114.93
8500
172.40
8500
229.86
8500
287.33
8500
344.79
8500
57.47
8500
114.93
8500
172.40
8500
229.86
8500
287.33
8500
344.79
8500

z(in)
--0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88

r(in)
kg/m3
59.52
59.52
59.52
59.52
59.52
59.52
59.52
59.52
59.52
59.52
59.52
59.52
59.52
59.52
59.52
59.52
59.52
59.52
59.52
59.52
59.52
59.52
59.52
59.52

r(out)
kg/m3
49.19
49.19
49.19
49.19
49.19
49.19
49.19
49.19
49.19
49.19
49.19
49.19
49.19
49.19
49.19
49.19
49.19
49.19
49.19
49.19
49.19
49.19
49.19
49.19

vel(in)
m/s
1.6
3.15
4.72
6.29
7.87
9.44
1.41
2.81
4.22
5.63
7.03
8.44
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A

vel(out)
m/s
1.8
3.59
5.39
7.19
8.98
10.78
1.61
3.21
4.82
6.43
8.03
9.64
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A

Re
--5.67E+06
1.13E+07
1.70E+07
2.27E+07
2.84E+07
3.40E+07
5.36E+06
1.07E+07
1.61E+07
2.15E+07
2.68E+07
3.22E+07
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A

f
--0.0116
0.0114
0.0113
0.0112
0.0112
0.0112
0.0115
0.0113
0.0112
0.0111
0.0111
0.0111
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!

Pin
kPa
7144
7550
8178
8982
9919
10955
7109
7417
7900
8529
9274
10109
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!

Pin
bara
71.4
75.5
81.8
89.8
99.2
109.5
71.1
74.2
79.0
85.3
92.7
101.1
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!

Points >
max vel
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A

Pipe schedule lookup table dimensions

Nr standard diameters
31
Nr schedule sizes
13
Chart titles
Inlet pressure [bara]
Flow rate [MMscf/d]
Basecase point
x
y
pt1
700
pt2
700
pt3
0

0
85.29
85.29

PIPELINE PRESSURE DROP CALCULATION - MOODEY CHART FOR FRICTION FACTOR

Moody friction factor chart

0.10

0.09
0.08

Friction factor

0.07

0.06
0.05

R
e
D
e
F

0.04
0.03
0.02

0.01
0.00
1.E+02

1.E+03

1.E+04

1.E+05

1.E+06

1.E+07

1.E+08

Reynolds Number

Moody friction factor (c/- Colebrook-White equation solved by iteration)

e/D
Reynolds Nr 0.00001
6.E+02
0.107
8.E+02
0.080
1.E+03
0.064
2.E+03
0.032
2.E+03
0.032
3.E+03
0.044
4.E+03
0.041
6.E+03
0.036
8.E+03
0.033
1.E+04
0.031
2.E+04
0.026
4.E+04
0.022
6.E+04
0.020
8.E+04
0.019
1.E+05
0.018
2.E+05
0.016
4.E+05
0.014
6.E+05
0.013
8.E+05
0.013
1.E+06
0.012

0.00005
0.107
0.080
0.064
0.032
0.032
0.044
0.041
0.036
0.033
0.031
0.026
0.023
0.021
0.019
0.019
0.016
0.015
0.014
0.013
0.013

0.0001
0.107
0.080
0.064
0.032
0.032
0.044
0.041
0.036
0.033
0.032
0.027
0.023
0.021
0.020
0.019
0.017
0.015
0.014
0.014
0.014

0.0002
0.107
0.080
0.064
0.032
0.032
0.044
0.041
0.036
0.034
0.032
0.027
0.023
0.021
0.020
0.019
0.017
0.016
0.015
0.015
0.015

0.0004
0.107
0.080
0.064
0.032
0.032
0.045
0.041
0.037
0.034
0.032
0.027
0.024
0.022
0.021
0.020
0.019
0.018
0.017
0.017
0.017

0.0006
0.107
0.080
0.064
0.032
0.032
0.045
0.041
0.037
0.034
0.032
0.028
0.024
0.023
0.022
0.021
0.020
0.019
0.018
0.018
0.018

0.0008
0.107
0.080
0.064
0.032
0.032
0.045
0.041
0.037
0.034
0.033
0.028
0.025
0.023
0.022
0.022
0.021
0.020
0.020
0.019
0.019

0.001
0.107
0.080
0.064
0.032
0.032
0.045
0.042
0.037
0.035
0.033
0.028
0.025
0.024
0.023
0.023
0.021
0.021
0.021
0.020
0.020

2.E+06
4.E+06
6.E+06
8.E+06
1.E+07
2.E+07
4.E+07
6.E+07
8.E+07
1.E+08

0.011
0.010
0.010
0.009
0.009
0.009
0.009
0.008
0.008
0.008

0.012
0.011
0.011
0.011
0.011
0.011
0.011
0.011
0.011
0.011

0.013
0.013
0.013
0.012
0.012
0.012
0.012
0.012
0.012
0.012

0.015
0.014
0.014
0.014
0.014
0.014
0.014
0.014
0.014
0.014

0.017
0.016
0.016
0.016
0.016
0.016
0.016
0.016
0.016
0.016

0.018
0.018
0.018
0.018
0.018
0.018
0.018
0.018
0.018
0.018

0.019
0.019
0.019
0.019
0.019
0.019
0.019
0.019
0.019
0.019

0.020
0.020
0.020
0.020
0.020
0.020
0.020
0.020
0.020
0.020

e/D
Note that the Moody chart is
usually plotted with a nonlinear y axis scale so the shape
may look slightly different to
this chart. However, the actual
values are the same.

0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.015
0.01
0.008

0.006
0.004

Friction factor lookup

0.002
0.001

Re
e
D
e/D
FF

0.0008
0.0006
0.0004
0.0002
0.0001

6.00E+05
0.05 mm
160 mm
0.00031
0.016

600000
600000
101

0.000
0.016
0.016

0.02
0.107
0.080
0.064
0.032
0.032
0.060
0.058
0.055
0.054
0.053
0.051
0.051
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050

0.03
0.107
0.080
0.064
0.032
0.032
0.067
0.065
0.063
0.062
0.061
0.060
0.059
0.059
0.059
0.059
0.058
0.058
0.058
0.058
0.058

0.00005
0.00001
Lookup

0.002
0.107
0.080
0.064
0.032
0.032
0.046
0.043
0.039
0.036
0.034
0.030
0.028
0.027
0.026
0.026
0.025
0.024
0.024
0.024
0.024

0.004
0.107
0.080
0.064
0.032
0.032
0.048
0.045
0.041
0.039
0.037
0.034
0.032
0.031
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.029
0.029
0.029
0.029

0.006
0.107
0.080
0.064
0.032
0.032
0.050
0.046
0.043
0.041
0.040
0.036
0.035
0.034
0.034
0.034
0.033
0.033
0.033
0.033
0.033

0.008
0.107
0.080
0.064
0.032
0.032
0.051
0.048
0.045
0.043
0.042
0.039
0.038
0.037
0.037
0.037
0.036
0.036
0.036
0.036
0.036

0.01
0.107
0.080
0.064
0.032
0.032
0.053
0.050
0.047
0.045
0.044
0.041
0.040
0.040
0.039
0.039
0.039
0.039
0.039
0.039
0.039

0.015
0.107
0.080
0.064
0.032
0.032
0.057
0.054
0.051
0.050
0.049
0.047
0.046
0.045
0.045
0.045
0.045
0.045
0.045
0.045
0.045

0.04
0.107
0.080
0.064
0.032
0.032
0.074
0.072
0.070
0.069
0.068
0.067
0.067
0.066
0.066
0.066
0.066
0.066
0.066
0.066
0.066

0.024
0.024
0.024
0.024
0.024
0.024
0.024
0.024
0.024
0.024

0.029
0.029
0.029
0.029
0.029
0.029
0.029
0.029
0.029
0.029

0.033
0.033
0.033
0.033
0.033
0.033
0.033
0.033
0.033
0.033

0.036
0.036
0.036
0.036
0.036
0.036
0.036
0.036
0.036
0.036

0.039
0.039
0.039
0.039
0.039
0.039
0.039
0.039
0.039
0.039

0.045
0.045
0.045
0.045
0.045
0.045
0.045
0.045
0.045
0.045

0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050

0.058
0.058
0.058
0.058
0.058
0.058
0.058
0.058
0.058
0.058

0.066
0.066
0.066
0.066
0.066
0.066
0.066
0.066
0.066
0.066

0.05
0.107
0.080
0.064
0.032
0.032 Critical zone between
0.080 laminar & turbulent flow
0.078
0.077
0.076
0.075
0.074
0.073
0.073
0.073
0.073
0.073
0.073
0.073
0.073
0.073

0.073
0.073
0.073
0.073
0.073
0.073
0.073
0.073
0.073
0.073

PIPELINE PRESSURE DROP CALCULATION - PIPE SIZES

Steel yield strength
Grade
Yield stress
[psia]
[kPa]
A25
25000
172414
A
30000
206897
B
35000
241379
X42
42000
289655
X52
52000
358621
X60
60000
413793
X70
70000
482759
X80
80000
551724

Pipeline basic design factor

Refer to the code (ASME B31.8) for more detailed factors which take account of road or rail crossings, parallel encroachment etc.

Location class & summary description

Class 1, div 1 - Wasteland, deserts, mountains, grazing land, farmland & sparsely populated areas. Hydrotest P =1.25*MAOP
Class 1, div 2 - Wasteland, deserts, mountains, grazing land, farmland & sparsely populated areas. Hydrotest P=1.1*MAOP
Class 2
- Fringe areas around cities & towns, industrial areas, ranch or country estates
Class 3
- Suburban housing developments, shopping centres, residential areas, industrial areas
Class 4
- Multistory buildings, high traffic density, numerous other utilities underground
Custom
- Enter custom value in table on 'PipeData' sheet

ANSI B36.10
Diameter
Wall thickness [mm]
Schedule determines the wall thickness (not the pressure class)
STANEXTRA
XX
SCHED. SCHED. SCHED.
Nominal Nominal Outside
DARD
STRONG STRONG
10
20
30
[inches] [mm]
[mm]
0.125
6
10.3
1.73
2.41
0.25
8
13.7
2.24
3.02
0.375
10
17.1
2.31
3.20
0.5
15
21.3
2.77
3.73
7.47
0.75
20
26.7
2.87
3.91
7.82
1
25
33.4
3.38
4.55
9.09
1.25
32
42.2
3.56
4.85
9.7
1.5
40
48.3
3.68
5.08
10.15
2
50
60.3
3.91
5.54
11.07
2.5
65
73.0
5.16
7.01
14.02
3
80
88.9
5.49
7.62
15.24
3.5
90
101.6
5.74
8.08
4
100
114.3
6.02
8.56
17.12
5
125
141.3
6.55
9.53
19.05
6
150
168.3
7.11
10.97
21.95
8
200
219.1
8.18
12.70
22.23
6.35
7.04
10
250
273.1
9.27
12.70
25.4
6.35
7.80
12
300
323.9
9.53
12.70
25.4
6.35
8.38
14
350
355.6
9.53
12.70
6.35
7.92
9.53
16
400
406.4
9.53
12.70
6.35
7.92
9.53
18
450
457.2
9.53
12.70
6.35
7.92
11.13
20
500
508.0
9.53
12.70
6.35
9.53
12.70
22
550
558.8
9.53
12.70
6.35
9.53
12.70
24
600
609.6
9.53
12.70
6.35
9.53
14.27
26
650
660.4
9.53
12.70
7.92
12.70

28
30
32
34
36
42

700
750
800
850
900
1050

711.2
762.0
812.8
863.6
914.4
1066.8

9.53
9.53
9.53
9.53
9.53
9.53

12.70
12.70
12.70
12.70
12.70
12.70

Standard dimension ratios (SDR=D/t) for plastic pipe

9
11
13.6
17
17.6
21
26
33

7.92
7.92
7.92
7.92
7.92

12.70
12.70
12.70
12.70
12.70

15.88
15.88
15.88
15.88
15.88

crossings, parallel encroachment etc.

Factor
populated areas. Hydrotest P =1.25*MAOP
0.80
populated areas. Hydrotest P=1.1*MAOP
0.72
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.30

the wall thickness (not the pressure class)

SCHED. SCHED. SCHED. SCHED. SCHED. SCHED. SCHED.
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
1.73
2.41
2.24
3.02
2.31
3.20
2.77
3.73
4.78
2.87
3.91
5.56
3.38
4.55
6.35
3.56
4.85
6.35
3.68
5.08
7.14
3.91
5.54
8.74
5.16
7.01
9.53
5.49
7.62
11.13
5.74
8.08
6.02
8.56
11.13
13.49
6.55
9.53
12.70
15.88
7.11
10.97
14.27
18.26
8.18
10.31
12.70
15.09
18.26
20.82
23.01
9.27
12.70
15.09
18.26
21.44
25.40
28.58
10.31
14.27
17.48
21.44
25.40
28.58
33.32
11.13
15.09
19.05
23.83
27.79
31.75
35.71
12.70
16.66
21.44
26.19
30.96
36.53
40.49
14.27
19.05
23.83
29.36
34.93
39.67
45.24
15.09
20.62
26.19
32.54
38.10
44.45
50.01
22.23
28.58
34.93
41.28
47.63
53.98
17.48
24.61
30.96
38.89
46.02
52.37
59.54

17.48
17.48
19.05

CONSTANTS & UNIT LOOKUP TABLES

DETAILS
Andrew Hooks
11/15/2007
Version 1

www.firstprincipleseng.net

PREFIXES
Metric
Prefix
m
c
k
M
B
T
P

long form
milli
centi
thousand
million/mega
billion
tera
peta

value
0.001
0.01
1000
1E+06
1E+09
1E+12
1E+15

Imperial
Prefix
M
MM

long form
thousand
million

value
1000
1E+06

BASIC CONSTANTS
Gas constant, R
Grav. accel.
MW (air)

8.31451 kPa.m3/(kmol.K)
2
9.80665 m/s
28.964 kg/kmol

Standard T, P

2
101.325 kPa
288.15 K
3
23.645 m /kgmol

Std Pressure
Std Temperature
Molar Volume
Common definitions for Standard T, P

0oC, 1atm
15oC, 1atm
60oF, 1atm
0oC, 100kPa
15oC, 100kPa
o
60 F, 14.73psia

Temp
K
273.15
288.15
288.71
273.15
288.15
288.71

Abs Pres
kPa
101.325
101.325
101.325
100
100
101.560

Molar Vol
3
m /kgmol
22.414
23.645
23.691
22.711
23.958
23.636

UNITS
Example
Click the unit cell then select required unit from the dropdown list
that appears

(273.15K = 0'C = 32'F; 101.325kPa = 1atm

(288.15K = 15'C = 59'F)
(288.71K = 60'F = 15.56'C)

(100.232kPa = 14.73psia)

Length

10 in
0.254 m
0.000 mile

Temperature

15 'C
288.15 K
15 'C

Length
Base conversions
inches/foot
feet/metre
feet/mile

12 in/ft
3.281 ft/m
5280 ft/mi

Lookup table
Unit
mm
cm
m
km
in
ft
mile

=
=
=
=
=
=
=

0.001
0.01
1
1000
0.0254
0.3048
1609.3

SI unit
m
m
m
m
m
m
m

Area_small
Lookup table
Unit
mm2
2
in
m2
2
ft

=
=
=
=

0.000001
0.000645
1
0.0929

SI unit
m2
2
m
m2
2
m

Area_large
Base conversions
hectare/km2
ft2/acre
Lookup table
Unit
2
km
2
mi
hectare
acre

Volume
Base conversions
barrels/cubic meter
3
in /US gallon
Litres/Imperial(UK) gallon

100 hct/km2
43559.66 ft2/acre

=
=
=
=

1
0.6214
0.01
0.0040468

Metric Unit
2
km
2
km
km2
km2

6.283 bbl/m
3
231 in /gallon
4.54609 L/gallon(UK)

1 hectare is 100m x 100m

Lookup table
Unit
mL
cm3
L
m3
in3
ft3
bbl
gallon (US)
gallon (UK)

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

Mass
Base conversions
pounds/kilogram
pound/ton (short)
pound/ton (long)
Lookup table
Unit
mg
g
kg
tonne (metric)
lbl
ton (short)
ton (long)

SI unit
m3
m3
m3
m3
m3
m3
m3
m3
m3

(35.31 ft3/m3)
(264.2 gallon/m3)
(220 gallon/m3)

2.20462 lbl/kg
2000 lbl/tn
2240 lbl/ton

=
=
=
=
=
=
=

Force
Base conversions
Force = mass * acceleration
Dyn
Lookup table
Unit
N
mN
kg(f)
lbl(f)
Dyn

0.000001
0.000001
0.001
1
1.639E-05
0.0283
0.1592
0.00379
0.00455

0.000001
0.001
1
1000
0.454
907.2
1016.0

SI unit
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg

1.00E-05 N

=
=
=
=
=

1
0.001
9.80665
4.44823
0.00001

SI unit
N
N
N
N
N

101.325
100
1.01325
0
14.696
14.504

kPa(A)/atm(A)
kPa/bar
bara/atm
barg/atm
psia/atm(A)
psi/bar

1kg * gravitational acceleration

Pressure
Base conversions
Pressure is force per unit area
Pa = N/m2 = kg.(m/s2)/m2 = kg/(m.s2)
kPa/Atmosphere
kPa/bar
bara/Atmosphere
barg/Atmosphere
psia/Atmosphere
psi/bar

Atmospheric pressure at sealevel in kPa

The atmospheric pressure in bar at sealevel

The atmospheric pressure in psi at sealevel

Lookup table
!!! Order is important - multiply first then add the constant !!!
Unit
Pa(A)
kPa(A)
kPa(G)
MPa(A)
MPa(G)
bara
barg
psia
psig
atm(A)
atm(G)
2
kg/cm (A)

Pressure difference
Lookup table
Unit
Pa
kPa
mbar
bar
psi
atm
kg/cm2
mH2O

Multiplier
0.001
1
1
1000
1000
100
100
6.895
6.895
101.325
101.325
98.0665

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

Constant
0
0
101.325
0
101.325
0
101.325
0
101.325
0
101.325
0

SI unit
kPa(A)
kPa(A)
kPa(A)
kPa(A)
kPa(A)
kPa(A)
kPa(A)
kPa(A)
kPa(A)
kPa(A)
kPa(A)
kPa(A)

0.001
1
0.100
100
14.504
101.325
98.0665
9.80665

SI unit
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa

Temperature
Base conversions
Deg Celcius / Kelvin
Fahrenheit
Rankine/Kelvin

1.8

Constant
o
273.15 C/K
459.67 Rankine
0 R/K

Lookup table
!!! Order is important - multiply first then add the constant !!!
Unit
'C
K
'F
R

Time_small
Lookup table
Unit
ms
s
min
hour

Multiplier
1
1
0.556
0.556

=
=
=
=

Constant
273.15
0
255
0

SI unit
K
K
K
K

0.001
1
60
3600

SI unit
s
s
s
s

X barg = X barg + atm P = Y bara; eg. 1bar

1 bar = 100kPa
X bara = (X - 1.013)barg * 100kPa/bar + 101

Converting to psia first would give the same

[X psig + (14.5*1.013
or
X psig * (100/14.5
2

[kg/cm2 * (100cm/m) ] * (grav accel) = N/m

day

86400 s

Time_large
Lookup table
Unit
hour
day
month
year

=
=
=
=

0.0417
1
30.4
365.25

"SI Unit"
day
day
day
day

Volume rate - Gas (standard conditions)

Lookup table
Select standard T, P from the in-cell drop down list
Unit
3
sm /s
3
Nm /h
Mm3/d
Mscf/d
MMscf/d
Bscf/y
kgmol/h
lbmol/h

Std T, P
15oC, 1atm
0oC, 100kPa
15oC, 1atm
60oF, 1atm
60oF, 1atm
60oF, 1atm

Volume rate - Gas (actual conditions)

Lookup table
Unit
am3/s
=
am3/h
=
Mm3/d
=
Mcf/d
=
MMcf/d
=

Volume rate - Liquid

Lookup table
Unit
L/s
L/min
L/h
L/d
m3/s
3
m /h
3
m /d
bbl/d
k.bbl/d
gph (US)
gpd (US)
gph (UK)
gpd (UK)

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

Multiplier
1
0.000267
11.574
0.000328
0.328
0.900
0.00657
0.00298

"SI Unit"
3
sm /s
3
sm /s
sm3/s
sm3/s
sm3/s
sm3/s
sm3/s
sm3/s

1
0.000278
11.574
0.000328
0.328

"SI Unit"
am3/s
am3/s
am3/s
am3/s
am3/s

1000
16.67
0.278
0.01157
1
0.002738
1.1574E-05
1.842E-06
0.00184213
1.0515E-06
4.3813E-08
1.2628E-06
5.2617E-08

"SI Unit"
3
m /s
3
m /s
m3/s
m3/s
m3/s
3
m /s
3
m /s
m3/s
m3/s
m3/s
3
m /s
3
m /s
3
m /s

gallons/hour

Liquid - Gas Ratio

Lookup table
Unit
3
3
m /Mm
bbl/MMscf

=
=

"SI unit"
3
3
1 m /Mm
3
3
5.6207 m /Mm

Gas - Liquid Ratio

Lookup table
Unit
3
3
m /m
scf/bbl

=
=

"SI unit"
3
3
1 m /m
3
3
0.178 m /m

Mass rate
Lookup table
Unit
kg/s
kg/h
t/d
t/y
lbl/s
lbl/h

=
=
=
=
=
=

1
0.000278
0.011574
3.17E-05
0.454
5.25E-06

SI unit
kg/s
kg/s
kg/s
kg/s
kg/s
kg/s

Velocity
Lookup table
Unit
m/s
km/h
ft/s
mi/h

=
=
=
=

1
0.278
0.3048
0.4470

SI unit
m/s
m/s
m/s
m/s

0.001
1
1000
0.025
0.305
0.447
1609

SI unit
2
m/s
m/s2
2
m/s
2
m/s
2
m/s
2
m/s
2
m/s

Acceleration
Lookup table
Unit
2
mm/s
m/s2
2
km/s
2
in/s
2
ft/s
mi/(h.s)
2
mi/s

=
=
=
=
=
=
=

Density
Lookup table
Unit
g/cm3
kg/m3
lbl/ft3

=
=
=

SI unit
3
1.00E-09 kg/m
3
1 kg/m
3
16.018 kg/m

Energy
Base conversions
Joules/(kgm2/s2)
Joules/Calorie
Joules/BTU

2 2
1 J/(kgm /s )
4.1868 J/Cal
1055.056 J/BTU

Lookup table
Unit
J
kJ
Cal
kCal
BTU

=
=
=
=
=

Energy rate
Lookup table
Unit
TJ/d
PJ/y

=
=

Power
Base conversions
(BTU/h) / kW
Lookup table
Unit
W
kW
MW
Hp
BTU/h

0.001
1
0.0041868
4.1868
1.055056

SI unit
kJ
kJ
kJ
kJ
kJ

"SI unit"
1 TJ/d
1000 TJ/d

3412.1 (BTU/h)/kW

SI unit
kW
kW
kW
kW
kW

=
=
=
=
=

0.001
1
1000
0.746
0.00029

Heating value (volume basis)

Lookup table
Unit
MJ/m3
=
MJ/kgmol
=
MJ/scf
=
BTU/m3
=
BTU/scf
=
BTU/lbmol
=
kcal/lbmol
=

1
0.042292
35.315
0.001055
0.037259
0.000098
0.000390

"SI unit"
MJ/m3
3
MJ/m
3
MJ/m
MJ/m3
MJ/m3
MJ/m3
3
MJ/m

1
0.00106
0.00233
0.00923

"SI unit"
MJ/kg
MJ/kg
MJ/kg
MJ/kg

Heating value (mass basis)

Lookup table
Unit
MJ/kg
BTU/kg
BTU/lb
kcal/lb

=
=
=
=

kcal/kg

Heat capacity
Lookup table
Unit
J/K
BTU/'F
cal/'C

=
=
=

"SI unit"
1 J/K
1899 J/K
4.187 J/K

Specific heat capacity

Lookup table
Unit
J/(kg.K)
J/(g.K)
BTU/(lb'F)
cal/(g'C)

=
=
=
=

1
1000
4187
4187

"SI unit"
J/(kg.K)
J/(kg.K)
J/(kg.K)
J/(kg.K)

Thermal conductivity
Lookup table
Unit
W/(m.K)
BTU/(h.ft'F)
BTU.in/(h.ft2'F)
cal/(sm'C)

=
=
=
=

1
1.731
0.144
4.187

"SI unit"
W/(m.K)
W/(m.K)
W/(m.K)
W/(m.K)

Heat transfer coefficient

Lookup table
Unit
W/(m2K)
BTU/(h.ft2'F)
cal/(s.cm2K)
kcal/(h.m2K)

=
=
=
=

1
5.678
4.19E-04
1.163

"SI unit"
W/(m2K)
W/(m2K)
W/(m2K)
W/(m2K)

Dynamic (Absolute) Viscosity

Base conversions
Pa.s
=
Poise
=
Lookup table
Unit
cP
Poise
Pa.s

Kinematic Viscosity
Base conversions
Stoke
Lookup table

=
=
=

0.00419 MJ/kg

1 kg/m/s
1 g/cm/s

(Water has viscosity of ca. 1cP at 20'C (1.00

"SI unit"
0.001 Pa.s
0.1 Pa.s
1 Pa.s

Kinematic viscosity = Dynamic viscosity / De

=

1 cm /s

Unit
m2/s
St
cSt

=
=
=

Surface tension
Lookup table
Unit
T
N/m
mN/m
lbl(f)/in
dyn/cm

=
=
=
=
=

"SI unit"
2
1 m /s
2
0.0001 m /s
2
0.000001 m /s

1
1
0.001
175.13
0.001

"SI unit"
N/m
N/m
N/m
N/m
N/m

(273.15K = 0'C = 32'F; 101.325kPa = 1atm = 14.696psia)

(288.15K = 15'C = 59'F)
(288.71K = 60'F = 15.56'C)

(100.232kPa = 14.73psia)

1 hectare is 100m x 100m

(264.2 gallon/m3)
(220 gallon/m3)

1kg * gravitational acceleration

Atmospheric pressure at sealevel in kPa

The atmospheric pressure in bar at sealevel is 1.01325 bar
The atmospheric pressure in psi at sealevel is 14.696 psi

X barg = X barg + atm P = Y bara; eg. 1barg + 1.013 = 2.013bara

1 bar = 100kPa --> X barg = [100*(X barg + 1.013bar/atm)] kPa(A), or = [100*X + 101.325] kPa(A)
1.013)barg * 100kPa/bar + 101.3kPa/atm = X*100kPa(A)
Converting to psia first would give the same result, ie.the following are equivalent:
[X psig + (14.5*1.013=14.7)] psia * (1kPa / 14.5psi) = kPa(A)
X psig * (100/14.5=6.895) kPa(G) + 101.3 kPa/atm = kPa(A)
2

[kg/cm2 * (100cm/m) ] * (grav accel) = N/m = kg * (grav accel) /m

(Water has viscosity of ca. 1cP at 20'C (1.002))

Kinematic viscosity = Dynamic viscosity / Density for a Newtonian fluid