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Ti!n t" h#u t"
Ti!t ki"m 20% cng s#c nh$ t% v&ng!
Page h!c ti"ng Anh c#c hay: https://www.facebook.com/YeuLaiTuDauTiengAnh
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Trong ti$ng Anh c nh%ng t& g'i l c(n ng% (root), c(n ng% ny c th) *+,c
ghp thm m-t c.m t& / tr+0c g'i l ti$p *1u ng% (prex). Ty thu-c vo
ngh2a c3a c(n ng% v ti$p *1u ng% m c m-t t& c ngh2a khc. T+4ng t5
c.m t& *+,c ghp / cu"i c(n ng% g'i l ti$p v2 ng% (sufx).
V d.:
C'n ng( happy ngh)a l h*nh phc.
Ti!p ,-u ng( un- c ngh)a l khng.
Ti!p v) ng( -ness c ngh)a l s& vi"c,...
T& * ta c:
unhappy :b.t h*nh
happiness :ni/m h*nh phc
V c c7 nh%ng t& v&a c thm ti$p *1u ng% v&a c ti$p v2 ng%.
V d.:
unhappiness :s& b.t h*nh.
T8t c7 cc t& b9t ngu:n t& m-t c(n ng% *+,c g'i nh%ng t& cng gia *nh
(familiar). Nh+ v#y n$u bi$t *+,c m-t s" ti$p *1u ng% v ti$p v2 ng%, khi
g;p b8t k< m-t t& no m ta * bi$t c(n ng% c3a n ta c=ng c th) *on
*+,c ngh2a c3a t& m0i ny. >y c=ng l m-t cch h%u hi?u *) lm t(ng v"n
t& c3a chng ta ln. Nh+ng l+u @ rAng *i!u ny chB c th) p d.ng cho m-t
chi!u l t& ti$ng Anh *on ngh2a ti$ng Vi?t.
Khng ph7i lc no chng ta c=ng c th) t5 ti?n ghp cc ti$p *1u ng% hay
cc ti$p v2 ng% vo b8t k< c(n ng% no *+,c.
Sau *y l nh%ng ti!n t" h#u t" phC bi$n nh8t *3 dng, c lD cu"n cEm
nang ny l thF *+,c tCng h,p *1y *3 nh8t trn internet v! ti!n t" h#u t",
mong cc bGn chia sH cho c7 bGn b mnh n%a nh.

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a-
Cch dng: ph0 ,1nh t% ,i sau ho2c g3c t% ,i sau.
V d4: atypical, apolitical, asocial, aseptic, asexual = khng ,i5n hnh, phi chnh tr1,
khng mang tnh ch.t x h6i, v trng, v tnh.

-able
Cch dng 1: K!t h7p v$i ,6ng t% ,5 t*o tnh t%. Ti!ng Vi"t th89ng d1ch l d:...,
,ng..., c th5 ... ,87c, kh;...
Cch vi!t:
1. T% t<n cng l e th b= e tr8$c khi thm able (c 1 s3 ngo*i l"). ee th khng b=
2. T% t<n cng l ate th b= ate ,i tr8$c khi thm able.
V d4: lovable, enjoyable, readable, breakable, differentiable, desirable, notable =
,ng yu (d: th8>ng), th v1, d: ,?c (,?c ,87c), d: v@, (Ton) kh; vi, ,ng ao 8$c,
,ng ch A.

Cch dng 2: k!t h7p v$i danh t% ,5 t*o tnh t%.
Cch vi!t: t% t<n cng l y th b= y.
V d4: comfortable, miserable, honorable = tho;i mi, ,au khB, ,ng knh

-ability
Cch dng: k!t h7p v$i tnh t% -able ,5 trC thnh danh t%.
V d4: lovability, ability, differentiability, readability
Ch A:
unable --> inability, unstable --> instability.

-ant
Cch dng 1: v$i ,6ng t% --> danh t% chD ng89i th&c hi"n hnh ,6ng
Cch vi!t: nh8 -able
V d4: accountant, servant, combatant, assistant, assailant = k! tan, kE h-u, ng89i
tham chi!n (bn tham chi!n), tr7 t, kE t.n cng
Ch A: condant l ng89i ,87c ng89i ta tm s& ch# ko ph;i l ng89i tm s&.

Cch dng 2: v$i ,6ng t% --> danh t% chD v<t c ch#c n'ng m ,6ng t% m t;
V d4: deodorant (ngh) ,87c c 1 ci ) = ch.t khF mi

Cch dng 3: v$i danh t% --> tnh t% lin quan
V d4: combatant, tolerant = thu6c v/ ,nh nhau, kin nhGn (bi!t ch1u ,&ng)

-ance
Cch dng: v$i ,6ng t% (th89ng l t<n cng -ant) --> danh t% lin quan
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V d4: performance, tolerance, entrance, assistance = cu6c trnh di:n, s& ch1u
,&ng, l3i vo, s& gip ,@

anti-
Cch dng: k!t h7p v$i h-u h!t danh t% ,5 t*o tnh t% c A ngh)a l "ch3ng, ch2n,
ng'n" hay "ng87c l*i"
V d4: anti-Bush, anti-terrorist, anti-goverment, anti-war, anti-clockwise = ch3ng
Bush, ch3ng kh0ng b3, ch3ng chi!n tranh, ng87c chi/u kim ,Hng hH.

ante-
Cch dng: trong tnh t%, ngh)a l "tr8$c", ti/n t3 tri ngh)a l post- (sau)
V d4: ante-war (ti/n chi!n), post-war (h<u chi!n)

Sino-
Cch dng: ngh)a l "thu6c v/ Trung Qu3c, lin quan t$i Trung Qu3c, v/ pha
Trung Qu3c"
V d4: Sino-Vietnamese relations (quan h" Vi"t - Trung), Sino-Japanese War (chi!n
tranh Trung - Nh<t), Sino-Soviet (X - Trung)
Ch A: cc ti/n t3 sau c A ngh)a t8>ng t&: Filipino- (Philppin), Anglo- (Anh),
Hispano- (Ty Ban Nha), Indo- (In J6), v.v.

aero-
Cch dng: xu.t hi"n trong nh(ng t% c ngh)a l "khng trung, bKng ,89ng
khng"
V d4: aerodrome (sn bay), aerodynamic (kh ,6ng l&c), aeronaut (phi hnh gia),
aeroengines (,6ng c> my bay), aerograph (bi5u ,H ,89ng hng khng)

-age
- Cch dng 1: K!t h7p v$i ,6ng t% ,5 t*o thnh danh t% lin quan
- VD: assemblage (s& tn v1 ,o l89ng ,5 t*o thnh danh t% m$i. Danh t%
ny ni ,!n kho;ng l87ng
- VD: mileage (tBng s3 d2m , ,i), poundage (l87ng cn), tonnage (tr?ng t;i tnh
bKng t.n. Cars with high mileage should not be driven. = Xe ch*y nhi/u mile rHi
khng nn ch*y n(a (= nn mua xe m$i )

agro-
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- Trong cc t% c ngh)a l ",.t" hay "nng nghi"p"
- VD: agrochemical (ha ch.t trong nng nghi"p), agronomy (nng h?c), agrology
(thB nh8@ng h?c)

-aholic, -oholic
- K!t h7p v$i danh t% ,5 t*o danh t% m$i ngh)a l "ng89i nghi"n"
- VD: chocoholic (ng89i nghi"n scla), workaholic (ng89i ham lm vi"c),
shopaholic (ng89i hay mua sLm), cashaholic (kE hm ti/n), bookaholic (kE m?t
sch)
- Ch A: nh(ng t% ny xu.t hi"n nhi/u trn bo ch, tra t% ,i5n ch8a chLc c.

anthrop-
- Trong cc t% c ngh)a l "ng89i, con ng89i"
- VD: anthropology (nhn ch0ng h?c), philanthropic (nhn ,#c, phi- c ngh)a l
"t3t, hay, tF t!"

aqua-
- Trong cc t% c ngh)a l "n8$c"
- VD: aqualung (bnh h>i th7 l2n), aquarium (hH c c;nh)

arch-
- Cch dng 1: K!t h7p v$i cc danh t% chD t8$c v1 trong gi$i quA t6c ho2c gio h6i
,5 t*o danh t% m$i chD ng89i c ,1a v1 cao nh.t, c ngh)a l "tBng, ,*i"
- VD: archbishop (tBng gim m4c), archduke (,*i cng t8$c), archangel (tBng lnh
thin th-n)

- Cch dng 2: k!t h7p v$i danh t% ,5 tuy"t ,3i ha danh t% ,
- VD: arch-enemy (kE th khng ,6i tr9i chung), arch-rival (,3i th0 s3 m6t), arch-
traitor (kE ph;n phc), arch-villain (tn cn ,H kh3n n*n), arch-exploiter (kE bc l6t
qu s#c)

-archy
- Trong cc t% c ngh)a l "s& cai tr1" ho2c "chnh ph0"
- VD: anarchy (tnh tr*ng v chnh ph0), matriarchy (ch! ,6 mGu h", matr- c ngh)a
l "mN, mGu", patriarchy (ch! ,6 ph4 h", patr- c ngh)a l "cha, ph4"

astr-
- Trong cc t% c ngh)a l "sao, ngi sao" ho2c "khng gian"
- VD: astrology (chim tinh), astronaut (nh du hnh), astrophysics (v<t lA khng
gian), astronomy (thin v'n h?c)

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-based
- Cch dng 1: K!t h7p v$i danh t% ,5 thnh tnh t%. Tnh t% ny di:n t; m6t s& v<t
m thnh ph-n quan tr?ng v nBi b<t l danh t% g3c.
- VD: acid-based powder (b6t c thnh ph-n chnh l axt), coal-based industrial
economy (kinh t! cng nghi"p d&a vo khai thc than l chnh), market-based
(theo th1 tr89ng), computer-based TOEFL (TOEFL thi trn my tnh, tri v$i paper-
based l thi trn gi.y)

-Cch dng 2: v$i danh t% chD n>i ch3n ,5 t*o tnh t%. Tnh t% ny di:n t; s& vi"c
,87c tB ch#c ho2c xu.t x# t% n>i ,. Ti!ng Vi"t d1ch nm na l "C..."
- VD: British-based engineering group (nhm c> kh C Anh), home-based industry
(n/n cng nghi"p s;n xu.t t8 gia), Reuters is the London-based news agency
(Reuters l 1 hng thng t.n ,2t t*i London), ground-based telescopes (knh thin
v'n ,2t trn m2t ,.t)

bi-
- Cch dng 1: Trong cc t% c ngh)a l "hai, ,i, song"
- VD: bifocals (knh 2 trng), bilateral (song ph8>ng), bigamy (ch! ,6 song phu
ho2c song th, bilingual (song ng()

- Cch dng 2: k!t h7p v$i 1 t-n s3 th9i gian ,5 chD A "bao lu hai l-n"
- VD: , bi-monthly (m6t thng 2 l-n), bi-weekly (1 tu-n 2 l-n).
- Ghi ch: bi!t ,87c ngh)a c0a bi- gip ta phn bi"t ,87c biannual (1 n'm 2 l-n) v
biennial (2 n'm 1 l-n)

bio-
- Trong cc t% c ngh)a l "sinh v<t, ,9i s3ng, s& s3ng" hay "thu6c v/ sinh h?c"
- VD: biology (sinh h?c), antibiotics (thu3c khng sinh), biochemical (ha sinh),
biochip (con chip sinh h?c), biography (ti5u sF), symbiotic (c6ng sinh, sym- c
ngh)a ",Hng, cng"

cardio-

- VD: cardioid (hnh tim), cardiac (thu6c v/ tim), cardiograph (my ,i"n tm ,H)

chron-
- ChD "th9i gian"
- VD: chronicle (sF bin nin), chronic (kinh nin), anachronistic (lOi th9i)

-cide
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- Trong cc danh t% c ngh)a l "gi!t"
- VD: homicide (t6i gi!t ng89i), infanticide (t6i gi!t trE con), insecticide (thu3c di"t
cn trng), pesticide (thu3c tr% su), herbicide (thu3c di"t c=), genocide (t6i di"t
ch0ng)

circum-
- C ngh)a "vng quanh"
- VD: circumspect (th<n tr?ng, g3c spect ngh)a l "nhn", circumference (chu vi),
circumlocution (s& quanh co)

co-
- C ngh)a ",Hng, cng"
- VD: co-author (,Hng tc gi;), co-founder (,Hng sng l<p vin), co-exist (cng tHn
t*i, tHn t*i song song)

counter-
- V$i ,6ng t% v danh t%. C ngh)a "ph;n l*i, ch3ng l*i, ng87c l*i"
- VD: counter-attack (ph;n cng), counterstrike (ph;n cng), counter-terrorism
(ch3ng kh0ng b3), counterblow (c ,.m tr;), counterre (bLn tr;), counter-
productive (ph;n tc d4ng), counter-clockwise (ng87c chi/u kim ,Hng hH)
- Ghi ch: anti- cPng c ngh)a t8>ng t& nh8ng nhN h>n. C ng89i phn bi"t anti-
terrorism c ngh)a l "ch3ng v/ quan ,i5m m ko lm g", cn counter-terrorism
c ngh)a l "ch3ng ,i km v$i hnh ,6ng (vP l&c chQng h*n)"

-craft
- Cch dng 1: v$i danh t% ho2c hi"n t*i phn t% ,5 t*o danh t% m$i. Danh t% m$i
ny ni v/ "ph8>ng ti"n di chuy5n"
- VD: aircraft (my bay), hovercraft (th0y phi c>), landing-craft (tu ,B b6),
spacecraft (tu khng gian)

- Cch dng 2: v$i danh t%, ngh)a l "kh; n'ng, kR n'ng, kR thu<t"
- VD: lmcraft (kR thu<t phim ;nh), bushcraft (kR thu<t ch'm bn cy c;nh),
needlecraft (kR n'ng may v, witchcraft (ma thu<t, yu thu<t), woodcraft (ti ,i
r%ng; ngh/ m6c), statecraft (s& qu;n lA nh n8$c)

cross-
- Cch dng 1: ngh)a l "xuyn, xuyn su3t, xuyn qua"
- VD: a large cross-national survey (cu6c th'm d trn c; n8$c), cross-border
(xuyn bin gi$i), cross-town (xuyn tDnh thnh), cross-country (xuyn mi/n ,Hng
qu
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- Cch dng 2: ngh)a l "cho"
- VD: cross-reference (tra c#u cho), cross-cultural study (cu6c nghin c#u v/ s&
t8>ng tc, ha nh<p v'n ha), cross-breed (gi3ng lai cho)

crypto-
- Ngh)a l "ng-m, b m<t, ch8a ,u7c bi!t"
- VD: crypto-coalition (lin qun b m<t), crypto-fascist (tn pht xt b m<t), crypto-
democrat (,;ng vin ,;ng Dn ch0 ng-m)

-cy
- Cch dng 1: v$i tnh t% (th89ng t<n cng l T)--> danh t% lin quan chD "tnh
tr*ng, tr*ng thi".
- Cch vi!t: b= T hay TE C cu3i t% g3c tr8$c
- VD: accuracy (s& chnh xc), privacy (s& ring t8), dependency (s& ph4 thu6c),
infancy (l#a tuBi s> sanh), prociency (s& tinh thng), hesitancy (s& do d&)

- Cch dng 2: v$i danh t% chD ng89i --> danh t% m$i chD "t8$c hi"u, ch#c v4" hay
"ngh/"
- VD: presidency (ch#c tBng th3ng), accountancy (ngh/ k! ton), piracy (ngh/ 'n
c8$p), bureaucracy (s& quan liu), captaincy (b<c ,*i y), candidacy (s& #ng cF)

de-
- CD1: V$i ,6ng t% --> ,6ng t% chD hnh ,6ng ,3i ngh1ch l*i ,6ng t% g3c
- VD: deactivate (v hi"u ha), deallocate (t% ny trong ngnh Tin, ko bi!t ),
decentralize (phn quy/n v/ ,1a ph8>ng), decompress (bung nn), decontaminate
(khF nhi:m), decouple (tch ra), de-emphasize (khng nh.n m*nh), decolonize (tr;
l*i ,6c l<p), decongest (lm cho l8u thng, h!t tLc nghMn), dehydrate (lo*i n8$c)

- CD2: v$i danh t% --> "xa b=, tSy tr%"
- VD: debug (tm v sFa lOi), defrost (lm tan b'ng), descale (,nh vSy), de-skill (coi
th89ng)

deca-
- Ngh)a l "m89i, th<p"
- VD: decagon (hnh th<p gic), decahedron (kh3i th<p di"n), decametre ( = 10
metres)

demi-
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- Ngh)a l "bn, 1 nFa"
- VD: demi-god (nFa ng89i nFa th-n), demi-world (nFa th! gi$i)

derm-
- ngh)a l "da, b"
- VD: dermal (thu6c da), dermatitis (vim da), dermatology (khoa da li:u),
epidermis (l$p bi5u b, epi c ngh)a l "C trn, C b/ m2t"

dis-
- V$i danh t% (c khi tnh t%) hay ,6ng t% --> chD "s& ,3i ngh1ch, tri ng87c"
- VD: disconnect, disagree (b.t ,Hng), disallow (ko cho fp), disarm (gi;i gip),
disband (gi;i tn), discredit (lm m.t uy tn), disprove (ph;n ch#ng, bc b=),
disobey (ko nghe theo), dislike (ko thch), disadvantage (s& b.t l7i), disorder (s&
l6n x6n), disrespect (s& b.t knh), dissimilar (khc nhau)

-dom
- "Tnh tr*ng, tr*ng thi" (tr%u t87ng ha danh t% ho2c tnh t%)
- VD: freedom, stardom (gi$i ngi sao), princedom (t8$c hong thn), wisdom (s&
thng thi), martyrdom (s& tF v ,*o)

dys-
- "khc th89ng, b"nh ho*n, kh ch1u"
- VD: dysfunction (r3i lo*n), dysentery (b"nh lT), dystrophy (s& y!u c> bLp)

eco-
- Lin quan t$i "mi sinh, sinh thi"
- VD: ecology (sinh thi h?c), ecosystem (h" sinh thi), ecosphere (sinh quy5n),
eco-disaster (th;m h?a sinh thi)

-ectomy
- V$i danh t% chD b6 ph<n c> th5, th89ng trong cc t% y h?c, ngh)a l "phGu thu<t
cLt b=" b6 ph<n m danh t% g3c ,/ c danh t% chD ng89i nh<n hnh ,6ng ,.
- VD: interviewee (ng89i ,87c ph=ng v.n), trainee (th&c t "lm cho" c ,2c tnh m danh ho2c tnh t% , m t;
- VD: enrich (lm giu thm), enfeeble (lm cho y!u $t), enjoy (th8Cng th#c),
ensure (b;o ,;m), entitle (,2t t&a)

-en
- V$i tnh t% --> ,6ng t%, ngh)a l "lm cho"
- VD: darken, blacken, sharpen, sadden, strengthen, moisten
- Ghi ch: 1 s3 t% c c; 2 g3c en- v -en
VD: enlighten (lm sng t=), enliven (lm si nBi)

equi-
- "bKng, bKng nhau"
- VD: equidistant (c kho;ng cch bKng nhau), equilateral (,/u, trong Hnh h?c)

-ery
- ChD "n>i ch3n"
- VD: bakery (l bnh m, nursery (nh trE), nunnery (nh dng n(), winery (nh
my r87u)

-ese
- Trong tnh t% ni v/ ci ch.t ,i5n hnh, hay "phong cch" c0a danh t% m n k!t
h7p
- VD: Americanese (phong cch ng89i MR), journalese (v'n vi!t bo, v'n phong
nh bo), ofcialese (gi?ng ,i"u quan liu)

-esque
- V$i danh t% ---> tnh t% chD A "mang phong cch", hay "gi3ng nh8 phong cch"
c0a danh t% g3c
- VD: Beethovenesque (gi3ng nh*c c0a Beethoven), Tarzanesque, picturesque
(,Np nh8 tranh)

-ess
- V$i danh t% ---> danh t% gi3ng ci
- VD: lioness (s8 tF ci), tigress (c?p ci), hostess (n( gia ch0), actress, waitress (n(
h-u bn)

ex-
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- V$i danh t% ---> chD A "c&u, cP"
- VD: ex-wife (v7 cP), ex-chairman (c&u ch0 t1ch), ex-pupil (c&u h?c sinh)

extra-
- CD1: v$i tnh t% --> "r.t"
- VD: extra-ne (r.t m1n), extra-bright (r.t sng), extra-large (r.t r6ng), extra-long

- CD2: "ngoi, ngo*i"
- VD: extra-curricular (ngo*i kha), extra-European (ngoi Chu u), extra-
terrestrial (ngoi tri ,.t), extra-marital (ngoi hn nhn), extra-territorial (ngoi
lnh thB)

-rst

- K!t h7p v$i danh t% chD b6 ph<n c> th5 ,5 t*o tr*ng t% (adverb) chD A "theo
h8$ng c0a b6 ph<n ,"

- VD: fall head-rst (ng chi ,-u). When gorillas descend, they do so feet-rst,
lowering themselves with their arms. (Khi khD tu6t xu3ng, chng tu6t chn xu3ng
tr8$c rHi h* th.p ng89i bKng cnh tay.)

-fold
1. V$i s3 ,!m -> tnh t% chD g.p bao nhiu l-n
- VD: twofold (g.p ,i), fourfold (g.p t8)
2. V$i s3 ,!m -> tnh t% chD A c bao nhiu thnh ph-n quan tr?ng.
- VD: The aims of the new organization are eight-fold. (M4c tiu c0a tB ch#c m$i c
8 ph-n.)

fore-
- Ngh)a l "tr8$c", "pha tr8$c c0a"
- VD: forearm (cnh tay), foredeck (boong tu pha tr8$c), forefoot (chn tr8$c),
forepart (ph-n tr8$c), forefathers (tB tin), foresee (th.y tr8$c), forewarn (c;nh bo
tr8$c), foreword (l9i ni ,-u)

-free
- V$i danh t% -> tnh t% chD A "khng c trong thnh ph-n"
- VD: cholesterol-free cooking oil (d-u 'n khng ch#a cholesterol), meat-free diet
(ch! ,6 'n king khng th1t), risk-free investment (s& ,-u t8 khng r0i ro), carefree
(v t8 l&), debt-free (khng mLc n7)
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- Ghi ch: -less cPng c ngh)a l "khng c", nh8ng khc v$i -free C chO -less chD A
",ng ra ph;i c m khng c". VD: careless (b.t cSn, ,ng lM ph;i "care" nh8ng
khng "care", carefree (khng "care" g h!t, v t8 l&), a childless couple = 1 c2p v7
chHng khng c con (mu3n c con m khng c, a childfree couple = 1 c2p v7
chHng khng (mu3n) c con (khng mu3n b1 con ci rng bu6c)

-ful
- V$i danh t% chD v<t ch#a --> danh t% m$i chD s& ,o l89ng
- VD: a teaspoonful of salt (m6t muOng mu3i), a boxful of chocolates (m6t h6p ,-y
scla), mouthful (,-y 1 mi"ng), handful (,-y 1 nLm tay)

full-
- "ton, tr?n, h!t m#c"
- VD: full-color (ton l mu, ,-y mu), full-size (c@ l$n), full-year (tr?n n'm)

geo-
- ",.t"
- VD: geography (,1a lA h?c), geology (,1a ch.t h?c), geophysics (v<t lA h?c ,1a
c-u)
-gon
- "gc"
- VD: decagon (hnh th<p gic), polygon (hnh ,a gic, poly- = nhi/u, ,a), hexagon
(hnh l4c gic)

-graph
- chD A "vM", "thu", "vi!t
- VD: autograph (ch( kA, photograph (hnh ch4p)

great-
- V$i danh t% chD thnh vin trong gia ,nh -> danh t% m$i chD thnh vin cch hai
hay nhi/u th! h" v$i b*n (ch# khng ph;i danh t% g3c).
- VD: great-grandmother (b c3), great-aunt (b thm), great-grandson (chu c3),

haem-
- "mu"
- VD: haematology (huy!t h?c), haemoglobin (huy!t c-u t3)

half-
- V$i danh t% chD thnh vin trong gia ,nh --> m3i quan h" khng ph;i cng cha
v mN
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- VD: half-brother (anh/em trai cng cha khc mN (hay cng mN khc cha)

-hand
1. "tay c-m"
- VD: cup-hand (tay c-m tch), gun-hand (tay c-m sng). The blond man held his
bloody knife-hand over him. (G tc vng ch)a tay c-m dao v.y ,-y mu vo
chng)
2. "ng89i lm"
- VD: cowhand (ng89i qu;n lA b s(a), factory-hand (ng89i lm trong nh my),
eldhand (ng89i lm vi"c trn ,Hng)

-headed
- v$i tnh t% -> "c ,-u c"
- VD: big-headed (kiu ng*o), empty-headed (d3t), hard-headed (c#ng ,-u), soft-
headed (kh9 kh*o), level-headed (,i/m ,*m)

hetero-
- "khc", tri v$i "homo"
- VD: heterodox (khng chnh th3ng), heterosexual (tnh d4c khc gi$i),
heterogeneous (hOn t*p)

hom-, homo-
- ",Hng, cng"
- VD: homosexual (,Hng tnh), homogeneous (,Hng nh.t), homonym (t% ,Hng m
khc ngh)a)

-hood
1. V$i danh t% chD ng89i --> danh t% m$i chD tnh tr*ng, th9i ,i5m m6t vi"c , kinh
qua. Ji khi nm na chD A "th9i..."
- VD: adulthood (tuBi tr8=ng thnh), bachelorhood (tnh tr*ng ,6c thn), girlhood
(th9i con gi), childhood (th9i th> .u), studenthood (th9i sinh vin), wifehood
(c8>ng v1 lm v7, s& lm v7), parenthood (c8>ng v1 lm cha mN)
2. "tnh"
- VD: brotherhood (tnh anh em), sisterhood (tnh ch1 em), neighborhood (tnh
hng xm)

hydr-
- "n8$c"
- VD: hydrant (vi n8$c ch(a chy), hydro-electric (th0y ,i"n), hydro-power (th0y
l&c), hydrology (th0y h?c), hydrophobia (ch#ng s7 n8$c, phobia- = ch#ng s7)

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hyper-
- "qu m#c c-n thi!t", ,i khi dng nh8 super-
- VD: hyper-active child (,#a b qu ho*t bt), hypersensitive (qu nh*y c;m),
hyperdevoted (qu t<n tm)

hypo-
- "C d8i"
- VD: hypodermic (d8$i da, derm- = da)

-ian
1. ChD ng89i lm cng vi"c
- VD: beautician (chuyn vin sLc ,Np), comedian (ngh" s) hi), historian (sF gia),
magician (nh ;o thu<t, ph th0y), mathematician (nh ton h?c)

2. V$i danh t% ring --> danh t% ho2c tnh t% chD A "theo phong cch c0a ng89i ,,
ch1u ;nh h8Cng c0a ng89i ,"
- CV: t<n cng l E thu9ng k!t h7p v$i -AN h>n l -IAN
- VD: Darwinian (theo h?c thuy!t Jc-uyn, Shakespearean (thu6c Shakespeare),
Victorian clock (,Hng hH thu6c th9i Victoria), Jeffersonian democracy (n/n dn ch0
theo h?c thuy!t Jefferson)

-iana, -ana
- V$i danh t% chD ng89i ho2c n>i ch3n --> danh t% m$i chD A "t<p h7p v<t th5 hay tin
t#c lin quan t$i danh t% g3c"
- VD: the middle-class disdain for Americana (thi ,6 coi th89ng c0a giai c.p trung
l8u ,3i v$i hng Hoa KU), the display of Wellingtoniana (s& tr8ng by nh(ng tc
phSm c0a Wellington)

-ibility
- T*o danh t% t% tnh t% t<n cng -ible
- VD: possible -> possibility, eligible -> eligibility (d: ,?c)

-ible
- Nh8 -able
- CV: tr8$c khi thm -ible: t<n cng l E -> b= E, t<n cng D hay DE -> chuy5n
thnh S, t<n cng l IT th chuy5n thnh ISS
- VD: collapse -> collapsible (c th5 g divisible (c th5 chia ,87c,
chia h!t cho), permit -> permissible (ch.p nh<n ,87c)

-ic
- T*o tnh t% lin quan danh t% g3c, th89ng ,i v$i danh t% t<n cng bKng -IST
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- VD: demon -> demonic (thu6c ma quV), atomic (thu6c nguyn tF), diplomatic
(ngo*i giao), symbolic (t87ng tr8ng), optimist (ng89i l*c quan) -> optimistic,
moralist (ng89i ,#c h*nh) -> moralistic, capitalistic (theo ch0 ngh)a t8 b;n)

-ics
- Trong t% c ngh)a lin quan t$i m6t b6 mn hay ngnh khoa h?c
- VD: physics, athletics, politics, acoustics (m h?c), electronics (,i"n tF h?c)

-ide
- C trong nh(ng t% chD h7p ch.t ha h?c
- VD: bromide (ch.t brm), cloride (ch.t clorua), hydroxide (hi,rxit), oxide (xt)

-ify
- T*o ,6ng t% lin quan danh t% ho2c tnh t% g3c.
- VD: classify (phn lo*i), falsify (gi; m*o), horrify (lm khi!p s7), intensify (t'ng
c89ng), purify (lm tinh khi!t), simplify (,>n gi;n ha), solidify (lm cho rLn l*i;
,on k!t)

il-, im-, in-, ir-
- Dng r.t thng d4ng ,5 ph0 ,1nh tnh t% g3c
- CV: IL- chD ,i v$i tnh t% bLt ,-u bKng L, IR- chD ,i v$i tnh t% bLt ,-u bKng R, IM-
th89ng ,i v$i tnh t% bLt ,-u bKng M hay P, cn ,3i v$i IN- th l A ho2c C, D ho2c
S.
- VD: illegal (ph*m php), illegible (kh ,?c), illiterate (m ch(, khng bi!t ch(),
illogical (phi lA, immature (non n$t), impatient (khng kin nhGn), impossible (b.t
kh; thi), imperfect (khng hon h;o), impratical (khng th&c t!), inaccurate (khng
chnh xc), incorrect (khng ,ng), insecure (khng an ton), irresponsible (v
trch nhi"m), irregular (khng theo quy lu<t), irrational (phi lA

Indo-
- "thu6c v/ In J6"

infra-
- "d8$i, C d8$i"
- VD: infra-red (tia hHng ngo*i), infrasonic (siu m), infrastructure (c> sC h* t-ng)

inter-
1. V$i danh t% --> tnh t% chD A lin quan gi(a ci ny v$i ci khc
- VD: inter-city (lin thnh ph3, gi(a cc thnh ph3 v$i nhau), intercontinental (lin
l4c ,1a), international (qu3c t!, gi(a cc n8$c), interstate (gi(a cc bang, lin bang)
2. V$i ,6ng t%, danh t%, tnh t% --> ,6ng/danh/tnh t% m$i chD s& lin k!t
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- VD: interlock (mc vo nhau, ***g vo nhau), interact (t8>ng tc), interlink (n3i
li/n nhau), intertwine (xoLn v$i nhau), interchange (trao ,Bi), interplay (s& ph3i
h7p), interdependence (ph4 thu6c lGn nhau)

-ly
1. Cch dng thng d4ng: t*o tr*ng t% t% tnh t%.
- Ch A: t% t<n cng l -IC th thm -AL tr8$c khi thm -LY (vd: automatic ->
automatically)
- VD: g2p r.t nhi/u rHi, khng c-n v d4 n(a.

2. T*o tnh t% c ngh)a "nh8 l" ho2c "c ,2c ,i5m c0a" danh t% m n k!t h7p.
- VD: friendly (thn thi"n), manly (c tnh ,n ng), costly (t3n km), earthly (tr-n
th!, tr-n t4c), brotherly (nh8 l anh em), sickly (qu2t quNo, hay b"nh), worldly (tr-n
t4c, v<t ch.t), orderly (c tr<t t&)

3. V$i danh t% chD th9i gian -> tnh t% chD t-n su.t
- VD: daily (hng ngy), hourly (hng gi9; [tr; ti/n cng]theo gi9), weekly (hng
tu-n), monthly (hng thng)

macro-
- "l$n, v) ,*i"
- VD: macroeconomics (kinh t! v) m), macrocosm (vP tr4, th! gi$i v) m), macro-
graph (bi5u ,H c tD l" l$n), macro-structure (ki!n trc v) m)

mal-
- ChD s& "t" h*i, khng hon h;o"
- Vd: maladministration (s& qu;n lA y!u km), malnutrition (s& suy dinh d8@ng),
maltreatment (s& ng87c ,i, b*c ,i), malpractice (s& b.t cSn, hnh ,6ng b.t
chnh), malodorous (hi, n2ng mi), malfunction (khng ho*t ,6ng ,ng),
maldistribution (s& phn ph3i khng ,/u)

-mania
- ChD "ch#ng b"nh mong mu3n mnh li"t" ci g ,
- VD: egomania (ch#ng t& tn), monomania (ch#ng ,6c t8Cng), megalomania
(b"nh v) cuHng, hoang t8Cng, t& ,*i)

-mate
- V$i danh t% --> danh t% m$i chD A "b*n cng", "ng89i cng chia sE"
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- VD: classmate (b*n cng l$p), schoolmate (b*n cng tr89ng), team-mate (b*n
,Hng ,6i), roommate (b*n cng phng), _ _ _ _-mate (ng89i C chung l/u), _ _ _
_mate (b*n cng c'n h6)

matri-
- "ph4 n(", "mN"
- VD: matriarch (n( gia tr8Cng), matricide (t6i gi!t mN), maternal (thu6c v/ mN, vd:
maternal grandmother = b ngo*i)

mega-
- Trong danh t% c ngh)a "c&c kU l$n"; v$i ,>n v1 ,o l89ng = 1 tri"u l-n ,>n v1 ,
- VD: mega-bid (d& th-u l$n), megaloss (s& m.t s3 ti/n l$n), mega-production (s&
s;n xu.t trn quy m l$n), megahertz (= 1.000.000 hertz), megabyte

-ment
- T*o danh t% t% ,6ng t%
- VD: abandonment (s& b= r>i, t% b=), accomplishment (s& hon thnh), agreement
(s& th=a 8$c, hi"p ,1nh), amusement (s& tiu khi5n, gi;i tr), improvement (s& c;i
thi"n)

-meter
- V$i ,>n v1 ,o l89ng ho2c m6t ,2c tnh -> thi!t b1 ,o l89ng ,>n v1 ho2c ,2c tnh
,
- VD: thermometer (nhi"t k!), voltmeter (vn k!), ammeter (ampe k!),
speedometer (,Hng hH ,o t3c ,6 xe), hydrometer (my ,o tV tr?ng ch.t l=ng),
altimeter (thi!t b1 ,o ,6 cao)

micro-
- "r.t nh=", tri ngh)a v$i macro-; k!t h7p v$i ,>n v1 ,o l89ng --> 1 ph-n tri"u ,>n
v1 ,.
- VD: microeconomics (kinh t! h?c vi m), microelectronics (vi ,i"n tF),
microbiology (vi sinh v<t h?c), microscope (knh hi5n vi), microsecond (= 1 ph-n
tri"u giy)

mid-
- "C gi(a" (th9i gian, v1 tr, ho2c hnh ,6ng)
- midsummer (gi(a h), mid-1920s (gi(a thng), mid-ight (gi(a chuy!n bay).
Don''''''''t stop me in mid-sentence (= ,5 ti ni h!t ,!)

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-minded
1. V$i tnh t% -> tnh t% m$i mang ngh)a "c ,-u c" m danh t% g3c m t;
- VD: narrow-minded (hNp hi, nh= nhen), strong-minded (kin quy!t), absent-
minded (,ng tr), like-minded (c cng t8 t8Cng), liberal-minded (phng khong)

2. V$i danh t% -> tnh t% chD A "quan tm ,!n" danh t% g3c
- VD: career-minded (c ,-u c ngh/ nghi"p), community-minded (quan tm ,!n
c6ng ,Hng), future-minded (bi!t lo cho t8>ng lai), peace-minded (yu thch ha
bnh)

mini-
- "nh="
- VD: r.t thng d4ng, nn khng c-n v d4

mis-
- "sai", "l-m"
- VD: misunderstand (hi5u l-m), misquote (trch dGn sai), misinformation (thng tin
sai), mismanage (qu;n lA sai), misjudgement (s& ,nh gi sai), misbehave (c8 xF
sai), misuse (dng sai), misplace (= b= ci g , C ,u rHi tm l*i khng th.y),
misfortune (r0i ro), misconception (khi ni"m sai l-m), mislead (lm sai l"ch [cch
suy ngh)])

-monger
- V$i danh t% -> ng89i bun bn
- VD: warmonger (kE hi!u chi!n [xem chi!n tranh nh8 1 cch ki!m l7i]),
rumourmonger (kE hay ,Hn ,*i), shmonger (ng89i bn c), ironmonger (ng89i
bun ,H sLt)

mono-
- ",6c", ",>n"
- VD: monocycle (xe ,*p 1 bnh), monosyllabic (,>n m ti!t), monologue (,6c
tho*i), monotone (,>n ,i"u), monoxide ([Ha] mnxt)

-most
- V$i danh t% -> tnh t% chD s& t<n cng
- VD: innermost (pha trong cng), topmost (pha trn cng), rightmost (tu3t v/
pha bn ph;i), bottommost (pha d8$i cng), outermost (pha ngoi cng),
southernmost (v/ pha c&c nam), hindmost (pha sau cng)

multi-
- "nhi/u"
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- VD: multi-national corporation (tng ti"n), multi-screen (nhi/u mn ;nh), multilateral (,a
ph8>ng), multi-level (nhi/u m#c ,6)

near-
- "g-n", "g-n nh8"
- VD: near-black (g-n nh8 ,en hon ton), near-accident (tai n*n suAt x;y ra, vd:
that was a near-accident [= suAt n(a l b1 tai n*n rHi!]), near-identical (g-n nh8
t8>ng t&), near-perfect (g-n nh8 hon h;o), near-CD sound quality (ch.t l87ng m
thanh g-n nh8 l trn ,)a CD)

neo-
- "m$i"
- VD: neo-natal (s> sinh), neo-colonialist (ch0 ngh)a th&c dn m$i), neo-Marxist
(theo ch0 ngh)a Mc m$i), neo-bourgeoisie (thu6c v/ giai c.p t8 s;n m$i)

-ness
- T*o danh t% t% tnh t% (th89ng l tnh t% chD tm tr*ng, tr*ng thi)
- VD: happiness, loneliness, madness, sadness, sickness, tiredness, situatedness

neuro-
- "th-n kinh"
- VD: neuralgia (ch#ng ,au th-n kinh), neurosurgeon (nh gi;i phGu th-n kinh),
neurology (khoa th-n kinh), neurectomy (phGu thu<t cLt dy th-n kinh), neuron (t!
bo th-n kinh)

non-
- "khng" (ph0 ,1nh t% k!t h7p)
- VD: non-academic (khng mang tnh h?c thu<t), non-stop (khng ng%ng), non-
prot (phi l7i nhu<n), non-smoker (ng89i khng ht thu3c), non-drinker (ng89i
khng u3ng r87u), non-resident (khng ph;i ng89i c8 tr)

octa-, octo-
- "tm"
- VD: octagon (hnh tm c*nh, bt gic), octave ([Nh*c] qung tm), octahedron
(hnh tm m2t)

off-
- "bn ngoi", "khng ,ng"
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- VD: off-campus life (cu6c s3ng ngoi khun vin tr89ng), off-center (ngoi trung
tm), off-court (bn ngoi ta), off-eld (ngoi l)nh v&c), offshore (ngoi kh>i), off-
season (khng ,ng ma [nh8 Du l1ch]), off-topic (ngoi l/, khng ,ng ch0 ,/)

-off
- T*o tnh t% t% tr*ng t% chD m#c ,6 kh gi; v/ ti/n b*c
- VD: well-off (giu c), better-off (h*nh phc h>n, c nhi/u ti/n), badly-off (ngho
nn), comfortably-off (sung tc)

-oid
- "gi3ng nh8"
- VD: humanoid (gi3ng ng89i), cuboid (c d*ng hnh h6p), spheroid (nh8 hnh
c-u), sinusoidal graph (bi5u ,H c d*ng hnh sin)

-ology
- C trong t% chD ngnh h?c ho2c h" th3ng t8 t8Cng.
- VD: anthropology (nhn ch0ng h?c), geology (,1a ch.t h?c), ecology (sinh thi
h?c), pathology (b"nh lA h?c), biology (sinh h?c), psychology (tm lA h?c),
sociology (x h6i h?c), ideology (h" t8 t8Cng), thobiology ("th bD" h?c - [t% ny
ch!, ,%ng bLt ch8$c])

omni-
- "t.t c;", "ton b6"
- VD: omnipresent (c m2t khLp n>i), omnivore (,6ng v<t 'n t*p)

once-
- V$i tnh t% --> tnh t% m$i: ", t%ng"
- VD: once-forgotten (, t%ng b1 qun lng), once-famous (, t%ng nBi ti!ng),
once-common (, t%ng phB bi!n)

-or
- V$i ,6ng t% --> danh t% m$i chD ng89i ho2c thi!t b1 th&c hi"n hnh ,6ng
- VD: actor (di:n vin), commentator (bnh lu<n vin), director (,*o di:n), editor
(ch0 bt), instructor (gi;ng vin), visitor (khch th'm), calculator (my tnh),
compressor (my nn), refrigerator (t0 l*nh), reactor (l ph;n #ng), elevator (thang
my), detector (my d)

-osis
- C trong cc t% chD b"nh t<t
- VD: cirrhosis (b"nh x> gan), tuberculosis (lao phBi), neurosis (ch#ng lo*n th-n
kinh ch#c n'ng)
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-ous
- T*o tnh t% t% danh t%
- VD: adventurous (phiu l8u, thch m*o hi5m), anxious (lo u), cautious (th<n
tr?ng), continuous (lin t4c), courageous (can ,;m), spacious (r6ng ri)

out-
- Cch dng thng d4ng nh.t l k!t h7p v$i ,6ng t% (th89ng l n6i ,6ng t%, t#c l
nh(ng ,6ng t% khng c-n tn ng( nh8 LIVE, JUMP, YELL, v.v.) ,5 t*o NGOWI
JXNG TY (,6ng t% c-n tn ng(, nh8 EAT, SEE, HEAR, v.v.) chD A "v87t tr6i h>n"
- VD: outgrow (pht tri5n nhanh h>n), outjump (nh;y xa h>n), outrun (ch*y nhanh
h>n), outlive (s3ng lu h>n, vd: she outlived him by one year = b .y s3ng lu h>n
ng .y m6t n'm.), outfox (gian x;o h>n - C ,y k!t h7p v$i danh t%), outdo (lm t3t
h>n), out-perform (bi5u di:n hay h>n), out-yell (la to h>n).

over-
- K!t h7p v$i h-u h!t cc t% lo*i (th89ng l ,6ng t%) chD A "qu m#c c-n thi!t". Tri
ngh)a l under-
- VD: overeat ('n qu nhi/u), over-cautious (th<n tr?ng qu m#c), over-condent
(qu t& tin), overcook (n.u qu chn), overheat (lm qu nng), oversleep (ng0
qun), overdose (s& qu li/u), overwork (lm vi"c qu s#c), overestimate (,nh gi
qu cao, 8$c l87ng qu cao)

pan-
1. "xuyn su3t, bao gHm t.t c;"
- VD: pan-African (lin Phi Chu), pan-continental (lin l4c ,1a), pan-national (lin
qu3c gia)
2. "t.t c;, ton b6"
- VD: panacea (thu3c tr1 bch b"nh), panorama (ton c;nh), pandemic (d1ch b"nh)

para-
1. "gi3ng nh8ng khng chnh th#c"
- VD: paramedic (nhn vin y t! [khng ph;i bc s) hay y t]), paramilitary (l&c
l87ng bn qun s& [khng ph;i qun ,6i chnh quy]), para-professional (bn
chuyn nghi"p), paratyphoid (b"nh c<n th8>ng hn)
2. "khc l*"
- VD: paranormal (siu hnh), paradox (ngh1ch lA)
3. lin quan t$i "nh;y d"
- VD: parachute (d my bay), paragliding (mn l8$t d), paratrooper (lnh nh;y
d)
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penta-
- "n'm, c n'm ph-n"
- VD: pentagon (ngP gic), pentameter (cu th> ng( m b6 [c 5 m ,87c nh.n]),
pentagram (hnh ngi sao c n'm ,i5m - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentagram ),
pentangle (nh8 pentagram), pentathlon (cu6c thi ,i/n kinh n'm mn ph3i h7p) ->
t8>ng t&: biathlon (2 mn), decathlon (10 mn), heptathlon (7 mn), triathlon (3
mn)

-phile
- v$i danh t% t*o danh t%: "ng89i yu thch" danh t% g3c
- VD: audiophile (dn ghi/n nh*c [= coi tr?ng ch.t l87ng nh*c]), bibliophile (ng89i
yu sch vC), Anglophile (ng89i yu n8$c Anh), Europhile (ng89i yu Chu u)

-phobia
- "ch#ng s7/ght"
- VD: agoraphobia (ch#ng s7 chO ,ng ,c), claustrophobia (ch#ng s7 hi s& ng6t
ng*t, g b [nh8 s7 b1 nh3t, v.v.]), homophobia (ch#ng s7/ght ng89i ,Hng tnh),
hydrophobia (ch#ng s7 n8$c), xenophobia (ch#ng bi ngo*i [s7 ho2c ght ng89i
n8$c ngoi])

phon(o)-
- "m thanh"
- VD: phonology (m v1 h?c), phonetics (ng( m), phoneme (m v1), phonograph
(my ht ,)a dng kim)

photo-
- "nh sng"
- VD: photosynthesis (quang h7p), photograph (t.m hnh ch4p), photochemical
(quang ha), photosensitive (nh*y v$i nh sng)

poly-
- "nhi/u"
- VD: polylingual (,a ng(; bi!t nhi/u th# ti!ng), polynominal ([Ton] ,a th#c),
polytechnic (bch khoa), polytheism (ch0 ngh)a ,a th-n), polyhedron (kh3i ,a
di"n), polygon (hnh ,a gic)

post-
- "sau"
- VD: post-Iraq reconstruction (s& ti thi!t h<u Iraq), post-liberation (sau gi;i
phng), post-renaissance (sau th9i kU Ph4c h8ng), post-natal (h<u s;n), post-
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Freudian (sau th9i Freud), post-1960''''s society (x h6i sau th<p nin 60), post-
WTO Vietnam (Vi"t Nam th9i kU h<u WTO)

pre-
- tri ngh)a v$i "post-"
1. "tr8$c"
- VD: pre-adolescent (tr8$c tuBi thnh nin), pre-birth (tr8$c th9i kU sinh s;n), pre-
marital sex (tnh d4c tr8$c hn nhn), prenatal (ti/n s;n; tr8$c khi sinh), pre-school
education (gio d4c tr8$c tuBi ,i h?c), pre-match commentaries (nh(ng l9i bnh
lu<n tr8$c tr<n ,.u)
2. v$i ,6ng t% t*o ,6ng t%: "lm tr8$c"
- VD: preview (xem tr8$c), predetermine (ti/n ,1nh), prejudge (,nh gi tr8$c, xem
xt tr8$c [m2c d khi ch8a c ,0 thng tin])
3. (cch dng thng d4ng) v$i qu kh# phn t% t*o tnh t%: ", ,87c lm tr8$c"
- VD: pre-recorded (, ,87c thu m tr8$c), pre-paid phone service (d1ch v4 ,i"n
tho*i tr; tr8$c), pre-booked room (phng , ,2t tr8$c), pre-cooked sausage (xc
xch , ,87c n.u tr8$c).

pro-
- v$i danh t% t*o tnh t%: "0ng h6"
- VD: pro-church (0ng h6 gio h6i), pro-life (0ng h6 s& s3ng [ph;n ,3i n tF hnh
chQng h*n]), pro-nationalist (0ng h6 ,6c li ch3ng ,*n), waterproof raincoat (o m8a khng th.m
n8$c), foolproof instructions (chD dGn d: hi5u, d: sF d4ng [ng89i kh9 cPng lm
,87c]), leakproof (ch3ng r rD), soundproof room (phng cch m t3t [khng ,5
m thanh ,i ra ho2c l?t vo]), childproof ([th89ng th.y trn h6p thu3c] ng'n ng%a
trE em mC ra)

proto-
- v$i danh t% t*o danh t%: "nguyn th0y, ,-u tin"
- VD: prototype (nguyn mGu), protohuman (con ng89i ,-u tin), protoplanet
(hnh tinh ,-u tin), proto-sh (loi c ,-u tin)

pseudo-
- v$i danh t% t*o danh t%: "gi;"
- VD: pseudo-metal (kim lo*i gi;), pseudo-code (m gi; [khng thu6c m6t ngn
ng( l<p trnh no]), pseudo-democracy (n/n dn ch0 gi;)
www.stepup.edu.vn

psych-
- ",-u c, tm th-n"
- VD: psychiatrist (bc s) tm th-n), psychology (tm lA h?c), psychotic (r3i lo*n tm
th-n), psychopath (ng89i b1 b"nh tm th-n)

quad-
- "b3n"
- VD: quadrangle (hnh t# gic), quadruped (loi v<t c 4 chn)

quasi-
- "g-n nh8; gi3ng nh8ng ch8a ph;i" (nh8 g3c "para-")
- VD: quasi-ofcial (g-n nh8 chnh th#c), quasi-military (bn qun s&), quasi-
republic (n/n th5 ch! nh8 c6ng ha)

radio-
- "phng x*; sng v tuy!n"
- VD: radiocarbon (phng x* ccbon), radio-telephone (,i"n tho*i v tuy!n), radio-
telescope (knh vi:n v?ng v tuy!n)

re-
- dng phB bi!n v$i ,6ng t% t*o ,6ng t% m$i c A "l*i, m6t l-n n(a". T% thng
d4ng vi!t khng c g*ch n3i.
- VD: redo(lm l*i), reassure (b;o ,;m l*i), reopen (mC l*i), recount (,!m l*i),
rename (,Bi tn), restart (khCi ,6ng l*i), rewrite (vi!t l*i), redene (,1nh ngh)a l*i),
rebuild (xy d&ng l*i)

retro-
- "sau", "trC v/ sau"
- VD: retrospect (s& nhn l*i qu kh#): In retrospect, I think that I was wrong (Ngh)
l*i th ti th.y ti sai); The closure of the factory is a retrograde step. (Vi"c ,ng
nh my l m6t b8$c ,i th4t li.)

-ridden
- v$i danh t% c ngh)a *tiu c&c* t*o tnh t% chD A "nhi/u, ,-y" nh(ng tiu c&c ,
- VD: clich-ridden essay (bi lu<n v'n ,-y nh(ng cu so mn), debt-ridden (n7
n-n chHng ch.t), guilt-ridden childhood (tuBi th> ,-y t6i lOi), drought-ridden (b1
h*n hn lin t4c), plague-ridden area (vng b1 b"nh d1ch honh honh), rumour-
ridden city (thnh ph3 lun ,-y nh(ng tin ,Hn)

Russo-
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- lin quan t$i "(n8$c/ti!ng/ng89i) Nga"
- VD: Russo-Japanese war (cu6c chi!n Nga-Nh<t)

-scape
- v$i danh t%: "phong c;nh"
- VD: landscape (phong c;nh ,.t li/n), cityscape (phong c;nh , th1), snowscape
(c;nh tuy!t), moonscape (c;nh d8$i tr'ng), seascape (c;nh bi5n), waterscape
(c;nh sng n8$c)

self-
- "t&", "cho b;n thn"
- VD: self-study (s& t& h?c), self-appointed (t& bB nhi"m), self-control (t& ch0), self-
defence (t& v"), self-interest (t8 l7i), self-service (s& t& ph4c v4), self-winding watch
(,Hng hH t& ln giy), self-locking door (cFa t& kha), self-evident (hi5n nhin), self-
sufcient agency (c> quan t& qu;n [t& cung t& c.p]), self-contained chapter
(ch8>ng sch ,6c lng khc, coi nh8 bi ,?c thm
chQng h*n]), self-respect (s& t& tr?ng)

semi-
- "nFa", "m6t ph-n"
- VD: semi-nal (bn k!t), semi-automatic (bn t& ,6ng), semi-skilled (bn chuyn
nghi"p), semi-circle (hnh bn nguy"t), semi-tone ([Nh*c] nFa cung), semi-
detached houses (nh c chung vch), semiconductor (ch.t bn dGn), semi-annual
(nFa n'm 1 l-n)

-ship
- t*o danh t% tr%u t87ng
1. v$i danh t% chD ngh/ nghi"p: "tnh tr*ng" ho2c "kinh nghi"m"
- VD: authorship (tc quy/n), citizenship (quy/n cng dn), ownership (quy/n sC
h(u), membership (s& trC thnh h6i vin; quy/n h6i vin), leadership (v1 tr lnh
,*o), professorship (ch#c gi;ng vin)
2. v$i danh t% chD ngh/ t<n cng bKng -man: "ti", "kR thu<t"
- VD: marksmanship (ti thi"n x*), oarsmanship (ti b>i thuy/n), salesmanship (ti
bn hng), sportsmanship (kR n'ng th5 thao)
3. "tnh"
- VD: friendship (tnh b*n), kinship (tnh b con), comradeship (tnh ,Hng ch),
companionship (tnh b*n)

Sino-
- lin quan t$i "(n8$c/ti!ng/ng89i) Trung Qu3c"
www.stepup.edu.vn
- VD: Sino-Vietnamese relations (quan h" Vi"t-Trung), Sino-Vietnamese word (t%
Hn Vi"t)

socio-
- "x h6i"
- VD: sociolinguistics (ngn ng( h?c x h6i), socio-political (thu6c chnh tr1 x h6i),
socio-economic (thu6c kinh t! x h6i)

-some
1. v$i danh t% ho2c ,6ng t% t*o tnh t% chD ,2c tnh c0a t% g3c
- VD: bothersome (gy phi/n ph#c), meddlesome (thch xen chuy"n ng89i khc),
quarrelsome (thch gy gB), adventuresome (thch m*o hi5m)
2. v$i danh t%, ,6ng t% ho2c tnh t% t*o tnh t% chD A "gy ra" m6t c;m xc g
- VD: loathsome (,ng ght, gh tCm), awesome (gy kinh s7), fearsome (,ng s7),
irksome (lm m"t m=i), tiresome (lm m"t m=i), troublesome (qu.y r-y), worrisome
(,ng lo, lm lo lLng), wearisome (lm m"t m=i), burdensome (l gnh n2ng cho)
3. v$i s3 nh= nh8 hai, ba, b3n t*o danh t% chD "m6t nhm ng89i"
- VD: twosome (nhm hai ng89i), threesome (nhm ba ng89i), foursome (nhm
b3n ng89i)
4. "th5"
- VD: chromosome (nhi:m sLc th5), ribosome (th5 ribxm)

-speak
- cch dng thng d4ng trn bo ch, v$i danh t% chD m6t ngnh ngh/ ho2c tn
ring t*o danh t% m$i chD "ngn ng( ,2c tr8ng" c0a danh t% g3c
- VD: lawyer-speak (ngn ng( c0a lu<t s8), computer-speak (ngn ng( c0a my
tnh [thu6c l)nh v&c tr tu" nhn t*o, khng ph;i ngn ng( lng ti"n ,*i
chng), consumer-speak (ngn ng( c0a ng89i tiu dng)

step-
- v$i danh t% chD *thnh vin trong gia ,nh* t*o danh t% m$i chD thnh vin gia
,nh khng c quan h" ru6t th1t v$i *b*n* nh8ng c v$i ng89i m b*n c m3i
quan h" trong gia ,nh. Ti!ng Vi"t d1ch l "ghE", "k!"
- VD: stepson (con trai ghE), stepfather (cha ghE), stepmother (mN k!), stepbrother
(anh/em ghE)

-stricken
- v$i danh t% c ngh)a *tiu c&c* t*o tnh t% lin quan chD A "b1 danh t% g3c tc
,6ng m*nh (theo h8$ng x.u)"
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- VD: awe-stricken (kinh ng*c), fear-stricken (s7 hi), famine-stricken areas (nh(ng
vng b1 n*n ,i), poverty-stricken families (nh(ng gia ,nh ngho tng), horror-
stricken (ho;ng s7), conscience-stricken killer (tn gi!t ng89i b1 cLn r#t l8>ng tm),
grief-stricken (buHn b v cng), war-stricken countries (qu3c gia b1 chi!n tranh
;nh h8Cng)

sub-
1. v$i danh t% t*o danh t% m$i chD A "ph4, con"
- VD: subset (tn"
- VD: substandard (d8$i tiu chuSn), sub-zero temperature (nhi"t ,6 d8$i 0 ,6),
subconscious (thu6c ti/m th#c), subsea (d8$i bi5n), submarine (tu ng-m), sub-
surface (d8$i m2t ,.t), subnormal (d8$i m#c bnh th89ng), subsonic (d8$i t3c ,6
m thanh)

super-
- "qu m#c bnh th89ng; siu; C trn". C th5 ,#ng ring trong v'n ni v$i ngh)a
"siu".
- VD: supersonic (siu thanh, v87t t3c ,6 c0a m thanh), supernatural (siu nhin),
supercomputer (siu my tnh), super-hero (siu anh hng), superman (siu nhn),
supermarket (siu th1), superstar (siu sao), superstructure (c.u trc th87ng t-ng)

sur-
- "C trn; thm"
- VD: surcharge (ti/n tr; thm, ph4 ph), surreal (siu th&c), surplus (th2ng d8)

sym-, syn-
- "cng; cng nhau; gi3ng nhau"
- VD: symbiosis (s& c6ng sinh), symmetrical (,3i x#ng), sympathy (s& ,Hng c;m),
synonym (t% ,Hng ngh)a), synthesis (s& tBng h7p)

tele-
- "xa, t% xa"
- VD: telephone (,i"n tho*i), telecommunication (s& truy/n thng, vi:n thng),
telegram (,i"n tn), telepathy (s& th-n giao cch c;m), telescope (knh vi:n v?ng),
television (my v tuy!n truy/n hnh)

theo-
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- "th-n thnh"
- VD: atheism (ch0 ngh)a v th-n), theology (th-n h?c), theocracy (chnh tr1 th-n
quy/n)

thermo-
- "nhi"t"
- VD: thermometer (nhi"t k!), thermal (thu6c v/ nhi"t), thermodynamics (nhi"t
,6ng h?c), thermoelectric (nhi"t ,i"n)

-to-be
1. v$i danh t% t*o danh t% m$i chD A "C t8>ng lai"
- VD: bride-to-be (c du t8>ng lai), husband-to-be (v1 hn phu, chHng sLp c8$i),
mother-to-be (ng89i sLp lm mN)
2. v$i "soon" ho2c "never" t*o tnh t%
- VD: The soon-to-be widow did not comprehend that her husband would die.
(Ng89i ph4 n( khng hi5u l chHng mnh sM ch!t v mnh sM trC thnh ga ph4.)

trans-
1. "xuyn qua, ngang qua"
- VD: trans-America (xuyn Chu MR), transatlantic (xuyn J*i Ty D8>ng),
transcontinental (xuyn l4c ,1a)
2. trong ,6ng t%: "sang d*ng ho2c v1 tr khc"
- VD: transform (bi!n ,Bi), transcribe (vi!t l*i, ghi l*i d8$i d*ng khc), transplant
(phGu thu<t c.y ghp)

tri-
- "ba"
- VD: tricycle (xe ,*p ba bnh), Triad (h6i Tam Hong), triangle (hnh tam gic),
trilogy (b6 ba [nh*c/phim]), tripod (ki/ng ba chn), triplet (con sinh ba)

-ular
- th89ng k!t h7p v$i danh t% t<n cng m /l/ t*o tnh t% lin quan
- VD: circular (thu6c hnh trn), cellular (thu6c t! bo), muscular (nhi/u c> bLp),
corpuscular (thu6c hHng c-u), vehicular (thu6c xe c6), molecular (thu6c phn tF),
angular (c gc c*nh), tabular (x!p theo b;ng, chia theo b;ng), spectacular
(ngo*n m4c)

ultra-
- v$i tnh t% t*o tnh t%: "siu; c&c kU"
- VD: ultra-high (c&c cao), ultra-clean (c&c s*ch), ultra-intelligent (c&c kU thng
minh), ultra-modern (c&c kU hi"n ,*i, t3i tn), ultraviolet ray (tia c&c tm)
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un-
- cch dng r.t thng d4ng v$i ngh)a ph0 ,1nh
1. v$i ,6ng t%: "lm ng87c l*i" ,6ng t% g3c
- VD: undo (h0y b= hnh ,6ng v%a rHi), unbreak (hn gLn l*i [sau khi , lm v@]),
undress (cCi qu-n o), uncover (ph>i by ra), unbend (lm cho thQng l*i [sau khi
u3n]), unlock (mC kha), unwrap (mC ra), unplug (ngLt ra [kh=i B ,i"n])
2. v$i tnh t% v qu kh# phn t% ho2c hi"n t*i phn t%: t*o ngh)a ph0 ,1nh
- VD: unhappy (khng h*nh phc, b.t h*nh), unfortunate (khng may mLn),
unimportant (khng quan tr?ng), unaware (ko nh<n th#c ,87c), unkind (ko tF t!),
unnatural (khng t& nhin), unchanged (khng ,Bi), unchanging (khng thay ,Bi),
uncooked (ch8a ,87c n.u), unemployed (th.t nghi"p), unknowing (khng bi!t, v
A), uninviting (khng m9i m?c).
- L8u A: unable nh8ng inability

under-
1. tri ngh)a v$i "over-", chD s& "thi!u h4t, ch8a t$i m#c bnh th89ng"
- VD: underdeveloped (ch8a pht tri5n h!t m#c), underestimate (,nh gi th.p),
undernourished (thi!u dinh d8@ng), underpay (tr; l8>ng thi!u/th.p), underweight
(thi!u cn, nhN kA), undercooked (n.u ch8a chn)
2. "C d8$i" (v1 tr/tuBi/c.p b<c/ch#c v4/v.v.)
- VD: underground (d8$i m2t ,.t), underline (g*ch d8$i), undersea (d8$i m2t
bi5n), underwater (d8$i n8$c), underside (m2t d8$i), the under-twenties (nh(ng
ng89i d8$i tuBi 20 [U20]), undergraduate (sinh vin ch8a t3t nghi"p), underworld
(,1a ng4c; [ngh)a bng] th! gi$i ng-m)

uni-
- "m6t"
- VD: unicycle (xe ,*p m6t bnh), uniform (,Hng ph4c), unilateral (,>n ph8>ng),
union (s& h7p nh.t)

vice-
- v$i cc danh t% chD ch#c v4 t*o danh t% m$i chD A "ph, th#"
- VD: vice-chairman (ph ch0 t1ch), vice-principal (hi"u ph), vice-president (ph
tBng th3ng), vice-minister (th# tr8Cng)

-ward (trong tnh t%), -wards (trong tr*ng t%)
- "v/ h8$ng"
- VD: backward (v/ pha sau), ceiling-ward (v/ h8$ng tr-n nh), shoreward (v/ pha
b9 bi5n), outward (v/ pha ngoi), southward (v/ pha nam), upward (v/ pha trn)

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-ware
1. v$i danh t% chD ch.t li"u ho2c ,6ng t% t*o danh t% khng ,!m ,87c: ",H lm
bKng" ho2c ",H dng cho"
- VD: brassware (,H ,Hng), silverware (,H bKng b*c), glassware (,H th0y tinh),
stoneware (,H s#) , tableware (b6 ,H 'n), cookware (,H n.u b!p)
2. c trong cc danh t% chD "ph-n m/m my tnh (software)"
- VD: freeware (ph-n m/m mi:n ph), shareware (ph-n m/m th8>ng m*i),
postcard-ware (ph-n m/m ,87c sF d4ng mi:n ph nh8ng khuy!n khch ng89i
dng gFi b8u thi!p cho ng89i vi!t ch8>ng trnh), spyware (ph-n m/m gin ,i"p),
malware (ph-n m/m c h*i)

-wide
- v$i danh t% t*o tnh t% v tr*ng t%: "tr;i r6ng khLp"
- VD: nationwide survey (cu6c ,i/u tra r6ng khLp n8$c), worldwide (khLp th! gi$i),
campus-wide (khLp khun vin), continent-wide (khLp l4c ,1a), system-wide
shortcuts ([Tin h?c] cc phm tLt c tc d4ng ton h" th3ng), city-wide (khLp thnh
ph3), countrywide = nationwide

-wise
1. v$i danh t% t*o tnh t% v tr*ng t%: "gi3ng nh8"
- VD: clockwise (theo chi/u kim ,Hng hH), Face your problems and don''t hide
your head in the sand, ostrick-wise. (Hy ,3i m2t v$i v.n ,/ v ,%ng vi ,-u trong
ct nh8 , ,i5u v<y.) He clenched his st and beat hammer-wise on the wall. (Anh
nLm ch2t nLm tay l*i v ,n
Tom 8 tuBi). Tuesdays and Wednesdays are a bit restricted, menu-wise. (Vo th# ba
v th# t8 th th&c ,>n h>i h*n hNp m6t cht.)
- L8u A: ch0 y!u dng trong v'n thn m<t, dng c.u trc t8>ng ,8>ng khc trong
v'n trang tr?ng. VD: As far as taxes are concerned,... (v/ m2t thu! th...).

-work
- t*o danh t% khng ,!m ,87c
1. v$i danh t% chD ch.t li"u: "t<p h7p nh(ng th# ,87c lm bKng" ch.t li"u ,
- VD: ironwork (,H sLt [nh8 cBng, v.v.]), leatherwork (,H da), woodwork (,H gO
[cFa, bn gh!, v.v.]), pipework (,H lm bKng 3ng), silverwork (,H lm bKng b*c),
brickwork (,H lm bKng g*ch), plasterwork (,H lm bKng th*ch cao)
2. v$i danh t%: "cng vi"c" m danh t% g3c m t;
- VD: paperwork (vi"c gi.y t9), brainwork (cng vi"c tr c), needlework (vi"c kim
chD), metalwork (vi"c kim kh), housework (vi"c nh), coursework (nh(ng kha h?c
, l.y), schoolwork (nh(ng vi"c C tr89ng h?c [bi t<p, cng tc tr89ng, v.v.]),
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farmwork (vi"c nng tr*i), ofce-work (vi"c v'n phng), nightwork (cng vi"c ban
,m)

-worthy
1. v$i danh t% t*o tnh t%: ",ng"
- VD: newsworthy (,ng ,'ng tin), noteworthy (,ng l8u A), trustworthy (,ng tin),
creditworthy (,ng tin c<y), stageworthy (,ng ,87c ln sn kh.u)
2. v$i danh t% chD mi tr89ng t*o tnh t% mang ngh)a "thch h7p" v$i mi tr89ng
,, ",-y ,0 ,i/u ki"n an ton" ,5 v<n hnh trong mi tr89ng ,.
- VD: airworthy (thch h7p cho ,89ng khng), roadworthy ([xe] thch h7p ch*y trn
,89ng ph3 [= ,0 ,i/u ki"n an ton]), This craft is seaworthy (chi!c tu ny c th5
,i bi5n t3t), trackworthy (ch*y trn ,89ng r-y ,87c)

-wright
- v$i danh t% t*o danh t%: "ng89i t*o ho2c sFa chFa ci g"
- VD: playwright (nh vi!t k1ch), cartwright (ng89i ch! t*o xe ,Sy), shipwright
(ng89i ,ng tu), wheelwright (th7 lm bnh xe)

-y
1. v$i danh t% t*o tnh t%: "c ,2c tnh c0a; ,-y, nhi/u"
- VD: dirty (d>, nhi/u b4i), starry (,-y sao), bulky (cHng k/nh), cloudy (nhi/u my),
mighty (m*nh), rainy (c m8a), thirsty (kht), foggy (c s8>ng m), roomy (r6ng ri),
summery (nh8 ma h; thch h7p cho ma h)
2. v$i ,6ng t% t*o tnh t%: "c khuynh h8$ng" c0a ,6ng t% g3c
- VD: sticky (hay dnh), picky (kn ch?n), touchy subject (ch0 ,/ d: ,4ng ch*m),
runny nose (mPi hay b1 ch;y), sleepy (buHn ng0)
3. v$i t.t c; danh t% (k5 c; danh t% ring) trong v'n thn m<t hay c0a trE con t*o
danh t% t8>ng ,8>ng nh8ng c A thn m<t h>n. M6t s3 t% dng -ie.
- VD: shy (con c), doggy (con ch), birdie (con chim), Jimmy (= Jim), Johny (=
John), daddy (cha), mommy (mN)

Ng89i s8u t<p: Nguy:n Hi"p (mnh khng ph;i l ng89i so*n, mnh tBng h7p t%
r.t nhi/u nguHn nn khng ghi h!t ,87c tn nguHn nn mong cc b*n thng c;m,
nh8ng ch0 y!u l t% http://ttvnol.com/english, n!u c sai st cc b*n b= qua nh)

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