Evolution Study Guide Name-

What did Pasteurs experiments using sterile broth prove? Spontaneous generation does not occur.
He proved that biogenesis is the only way that life begins. (Life comes from living things.)
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What substance(s) did Miller an Urey find in their flask at the end of their experiment?
_______organic macromolecules (amino acids and carbohydrates) ________
What did the Miller Urey experiment prove? ________organic molecules can form from inorganic
gasses under the right conditions _______________________________________________
ist the five main points of !ar"ins theory of evolution through natural selection#
1. ___Populations have variations___________________________________________
. ___Some variations are favorable_____________________________________________
!. ___"ore offspring are produced than survive ____________________________
#. ___$hose that survive have favorable traits. _________________________________
%. ___& population will change over time.
$ircle all that apply to !ar"ins theory of evolution through natural selection%
'rganisms with adaptations that ma(imi)e their fitness are more li*ely to survive.
Species evolve due to possession structures developed through use.
+avorable traits are heritable.
'rganisms do not change over time.
'rganisms ac,uire characteristics according to their needs.
Populations double as a result of evolution.
+actors in the environment influence which organisms survive.
"ore organisms are produced than can survive.
What theory explains ho" mitochondria and chloroplasts came to be in eukaryotic cells?
&he illustration to the left sho"s the pelvic bone and femur of a
"hale# &he pelvis is the attachment point for legs# Which of the
follo"ing best describes the pelvis of a "hale?
&. -t is a vestigial structure.
.. -t is a derived trait.
/. -t is an e(ample of convergent evolution.
______endosymbiosis________________________________________________________________________
__

'xamination and analysis of the fossil record could provide information concerning "hich of the
follo"ing characteristics of organisms? $ircle all that apply#
(ge of fossils
)omologous structures
!erived traits
*ehavior of organisms
Periods of species extinction
+ur color
'xamine the fossil evidence sho"n at right# Which fossil
is the youngest0 _____________________
+ossils three and five are similar in structure# *ased on the
information provided, "e can conclude that later life forms
may have evolved from earlier life forms# &rue or false? ___
What type of environment does fossil t"o suggest existed
in this area at the time the fossil formed? __
a,uatic1water environment______________ ___________________
!o the three organisms shown above represent convergent or divergent evolution0 2(plain your
answer. _______convergent evolution because these organisms are not related but they all have
flippers. $his is because flippers are the best way to travel in water. $hey evolved separately to fit the
environment.____________________________________________________________________
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Which of the follo"ing provide evidence of evolution? $ircle all that apply#
-rangutans have long arms# 'xplain "hy based on amarcks theory#
____'rangutans stretched their arms to reach branches3 then passed that trait on
to their offspring. ____________________________________________
'xplain "hy orangutans have long arms based on !ar"ins theory#
____'rangutans with shorter arms did not survive to reproduce. 2ventually only
the orangutans with long arms were in the population.___________________
Selective breeding
4ertebrate embryos
+ossils
"olecular analysis
abel each of the graphs belo" as .stabili/ing,0 .directional,0 or .disruptive#0
'xamine the amino acid base se1uences to the left#
)o" many amino acid differences exist bet"een
humans and lemurs? _______7________
Which organism is most closely related to humans?
_______chimps and gorillas ____________________
'xplain the pace of evolution according to gradualism
and punctuated e1uilibrium#
o 2radualism3 slow3 and happens over a long period
of time
o Punctuated '1uilibrium% +ast3 evolution happens
suddenly
Did you know? (Hint: You should!
$he development of the amniotic egg had the greatest impact on the ability of organisms to move
from a,uatic to terrestrial (land) environments0
$he end of one geologic time period and the beginning of another is characteri)ed by climate
change that resulted in mass extinction0
"irectional
"isruptive
Stabili#ing
4atural selection must occur in order for evolution to take place# &rue or false? ________
4otice the similarity of the structures sho"n belo"# $ircle all of the descriptions from the list that
follo"s that apply to those structures#
&re vestigial structures
&re analogous structures
&re derived traits
&re e(amples of divergent
evolution
Have a common ancestor
Have similar function
&re homologous structures
&re e(amples of convergent
evolution
&he graph above sho"s the si/e of beaks of birds feeding at a specific feeder on both rainy and
drought days# 5s average beak si/e of birds larger on drought days or rainy days?
________5rought days______________________
Use the cladogram to ans"er the follo"ing
1uestions#
What characteristic distinguishes
crocodiles and birds from the other
organisms sho"n? ___eggs with
shells________________________________
________________________
Which organisms are more closely related
to crocodiles, primates or ray3finned fish?
__/rocodiles and primates (they are closer
on the cladogram
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