Copyright 2005 Prentice- Hall, Inc.

1-1
Copyright 2005 Prentice- Hall, Inc.
1-2
Bagian Satu: Memahami Lingkungan
Bisnis Kontemporer
1. Memahami Sistem Bisnis di AS
2. Memahami Lingkungan Bisnis
3. Memahami Kewirausahaan dan
Kepemilikan Bisnis
4. Memahami Konteks Global dari Bisnis
5. Menjalankan Bisnis dengan Etis dan
Bertanggung Jawab
1-3

1
Memahami Sistem
Bisnis di AS
Copyright 2005 Prentice- Hall, Inc.
1-4
Kerangka Bab
Pengertian Bisnis
Evolusi Bisnis di AS
Sistem-sistem Ekonomi di
Seluruh Dunia
Aspek Ekonomi dari Sistem
Pasar

Copyright 2005 Prentice- Hall, Inc.
1-5
Laju Pertumbuhan
GDP Real AS
-1.00%
0.00%
1.00%
2.00%
3.00%
4.00%
5.00%
6.00%
7.00%
1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
www.people.virginia.edu/~lc7p/Lecture%206%20Handout.pdf
Copyright 2005 Prentice- Hall, Inc.
1-6
Indeks Harga Konsumen (CPI) AS
(Dec.- Semua Konsumen Urban)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
Source: U.S. Dept. of Labor-Bureau of Labor Statistics
1982-1984- = 100
Copyright 2005 Prentice- Hall, Inc.
1-7
Arti Bisnis
Definisi
Bisnis
Keuntungan/Laba (Profit)
Pilihan/Permintaan Konsumen
Kesempatan & Perusahaan
Kualitas Hidup
Copyright 2005 Prentice- Hall, Inc.
1-8
Evolusi Bisnis AS
Revolusi Industri
Laissez-Faire &
Era Kewirausahaan
(Entrepreneurship)
Era Produksi Era Pemasaran
Era Global
Era Informasi &
Internet
Copyright 2005 Prentice- Hall, Inc.
1-9
Faktor2 Produksi
Tenaga Kerja
Modal (Kapital)
Pengusaha (Entrepreneur)
Sumber Daya Alam
Sumber Daya Informasi
Copyright 2005 Prentice- Hall, Inc.
1-10
What is an
Economic System?
A nations system for
allocating resources
among citizens.
Assumes resources are
scarce thus requiring
allocation.
Market is mechanism for
exchange between
Buyer/Seller
Copyright 2005 Prentice- Hall, Inc.
1-11
Tipe-tipe
Sistem Ekonomi
Komunisme
Socialisme
(Pasar Tercampur)
Ekonomi
Terencana
Kapitalisme vs. Pasar
Copyright 2005 Prentice- Hall, Inc.
1-12
Aliran Sirkuler Ekonomi
Output
(Barang & Jasa)
Input
(Faktor2 Produksi)
Copyright 2005 Prentice- Hall, Inc.
1-13
Komunisme
Sistem Ekonomi Terencana
Pemerintah Menguasai
Semua Fasilitas Produksi
Semua Warga menjadi Karyawan
Pemerintah
Semua Modal
Semua Keputusan Ekonomi
Dikendalikan oleh Pemerintah
Copyright 2005 Prentice- Hall, Inc.
1-14
Ekonomi Pasar Tercampur
Murni
Terencana
Murni
Pasar
Copyright 2005 Prentice- Hall, Inc.
1-15
Privatisasi vs.
Sosialisme
Privatisasi

Sosialisme
Kepemilikan Swasta Private
Kepemilikan atas Faktor-faktor
Produksi
Keputusan Ekonomi dibuat oleh
pemilik
Kebebadan Memutuskan/Memilih
Copyright 2005 Prentice- Hall, Inc.
1-16
Kapitalisme
Copyright 2005 Prentice- Hall, Inc.
1-17
Supply & Demand
Demand- Comes From Buyers
As Price Drops Buyers Purchase
More
Supply- Producers Willingness
As Price Increase Producers Offer
More
Buyers & Suppliers Work
Towards Equilibrium = Profit
Maximization
Surplus vs. Shortage
Copyright 2005 Prentice- Hall, Inc.
1-18
Pizza Supply At Given Price
0
5
10
15
20
25
100 400 600 800 1000 1200 1300 1600 1800 2000
Quantity (S)
P
r
i
c
e

o
f

P
i
z
z
a
S
High
High
Low
Copyright 2005 Prentice- Hall, Inc.
1-19
Pizza Demand At Given Price
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Quantity Demanded (D)
P
i
z
z
a

P
r
i
c
e
High
High Low
D
Copyright 2005 Prentice- Hall, Inc.
1-20
Equilibrium (Market Price)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Quantity
P
i
z
z
a

P
r
i
c
e
High
High
Low
S
D
Market Equilibrium
Surplus
Shortage
Copyright 2005 Prentice- Hall, Inc.
1-21
Private Enterprise
Private Property
Freedom of Choice
Profits
Competition
Copyright 2005 Prentice- Hall, Inc.
1-22
Degrees of Competition
Sellers
One Many
Monopoly
Oligopoly
Perfect
Competition
Monopolistic
Competition
Copyright 2005 Prentice- Hall, Inc.
1-23
Perfect/Pure Competition
Competition- 2+ Businesses Vie For
Same Resources/Customers
Condition- No Single Firm Dominant
Principles
Buyers View Products As Similar
Buyers/Sellers Know Each Others
Prices/Costs
Easy To Enter/Leave Marketplace
Prices Set By Supply/Demand & Accepted by
Sellers/Buyers
Copyright 2005 Prentice- Hall, Inc.
1-24
Monopolistic Competition
Many Buyers

Fewer Sellers Than
Perfect/Pure Competition

Buyer Perception of
Product/Brand Differentiation
Copyright 2005 Prentice- Hall, Inc.
1-25
Oligopoli
Segelintir Pedagang Besar

Market Entry
Difficult- High Capital
Investment

Strategi Kendali Penjual
Copyright 2005 Prentice- Hall, Inc.
1-26
Monopoli
Ciri-ciri
Hanya ada 1 produsen
Mengendalikan Penetapan Harga
Industri
Monopoli Alamiah
Satu Produsen
Bisa dengan Efisien Memasok
semua barang/jasa
Copyright 2005 Prentice- Hall, Inc.
1-27
Hukum Monopoli AS
Sherman Antitrust
Act (1890)



Clayton Act (1914)