10/14/2014 Cc thng tin k thut v BMS - phn 1 - WWW.EMATE.

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Nh cung cp cc gii php tin tin
[ In trang ny ]
Cc thng tin k thut v BMS - phn 1
Th t, 18/05/2011 - 09:06 AM
Cu trc BMS/BAS
A. Building Management Level : trung tm iu khin, mc qun l bao gm cc h thng my ch d liu, trm lm vic c ci t cc phn mm qun l bo dng, my in v my tnh dnh cho vic
lp trnh v cu hnh h thng.
B. Building Control Level : kt ni t trung tm iu khin ti mc iu khin cc ng dng trong ta nh thng qua ccp iu khin BAS vi giao din BACnet TCP/IP, bao gm cc b DDC (Digital
Direct Controller - iu khin s trc tip), cc giao din ti cc h thng ph tr nh : iu ha khng kh, bo chy, cha chy, h thng in
C. Application Control Level : mc iu khin cc ng dng bao gm cc thit b nh cm bin (sensor), b chp hnh (actuator), cc b field controller giao tip trc tip vi cc khu vc c cc ng
dng cn iu khin.
Mng iu khin cp cao, iu khin gim st
Nhng chun giao tip mc cao trong BMS l OPC, BACNet, MODBUS, LNS, P2, Active X v MetaSys... v BMS s iu khin nhng dch v thng qua h thng con v b iu khin c nghi l
BMS s a ra cc yu cu thch hp hoc nhng ch th ti nhng h thng con thng minh hoc khi ng nhng thao tc cn thit.
Nu nh cung cp b iu khin ch cung cp giao thc khng theo chun TCP/IP th nhng nh tch hp h thng BMS s vn pht trin c giao din kt ni ti h thng.
Mng thng tin lin lc ca BMS chia lm 3 cp (hoc 02 cp) ty vo tng nh cung cp:
- Mng trc backbone : thng l mng Ethernet TCP/IP hoc Bacnet/IP 10100/1000Mb ni cc b iu khin ta nh ( Builiding controllers) vi nhau v ni vi cc Server ca h thng ( thng c 2
server chy nng v d phng).
- Mng iu khin tng: l mng dy chy trc tip trong tng tng, thng l mng RS485, chun truyn thng thng l LON, Bacnet MS/TP, N2, P2, ... mng ny do b iu khin tng qun l v lin
kt cc b iu khin nh hn t ti tng thit b c th trong tng ca ta nh.
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Thng cc h BMS n gin ch c 02 phn lp mng nh vy. Cc h thng ln v yu cu tch hp cao thng c thm phn lp mng th 3 nm trn 2 lp trn : ALN ( Application Level network). Phn
lp ny thng l lp mng interconnect gia rt nhiu h thng khc nhau trong ta nh, cng chia s thng tin v qun l, n s c 1 h thng trung tm thu thp v phn phi thng tin cho cc Client
trong h thng mng.

Cp iu khin khu vc cp trng
Cc b iu khin cp khu vc l cc b iu khin s dng b vi x l, cung cp chc nng iu khin s trc tip cho cc thit b tng khu vc, bao gm:
Cc b FCU (FCU - Fan Coil Unit), VAV (VAV Variable Air Volume)
Cc bm nhit
Cc b iu ha khng kh cc b
Cc relay ng ct nh sng
....
Cc h thng phn mm qun l nng lng cng c tch hp trong cc b iu khin cp khu vc. cp khu vc, cc cm bin v c cu chp hnh giao tip thng vi cc thit b c iu khin. Cc
b iu khin cp khu vc s c ni vi nhau trn mt ng bus, do vy c th chia s thng tin cho nhau v vi cc b iu khin cp h thng v cp iu hnh, qun l.
Cp iu khin h thng
Cc b iu khin h thng c kh nng ln hn so vi cc b iu khin cp khu vc v s lng cc im vo ra (I/O), cc vng iu chnh v c cc chng trnh iu khin. Cc b iu khin h
thng c tch hp sn cc chc nng qun l, lu tr v thng c s dng cho cc ng dng ln hn nh h thng iu ha trung tm, h thng in + my pht trung tm,...
Cc b iu khin ny trc tip giao tip vi thit b iu khin thng qua cc cm bin v c cu chp hnh hoc gin tip thng qua vic kt ni vi cc b iu khin cp khu vc.
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Cc b iu khin h thng c th hot ng c lp trong trng hp b mt ng tn hiu truyn thng vi cc my trm vn hnh (client application).
Cp vn hnh, gim st v qun l
Cc my trm vn hnh v gim st ch yu giao tip vi cc nhn vin vn hnh.
Cc trm vn hnh cp ny ch yu l cc my tnh (client PC).
Mt trm vn hnh thng bao gm cc gi phn mm ng dng sau:
An ton h thng:
Gii hn quyn truy cp v vn hnh i vi tng c nhn.
Xm nhp h thng: Cho php nhng ngi c quyn c truy cp v ly d liu h thng thng qua my tnh cc nhn hoc cc thit b lu tr khc.
nh dng d liu: Lp ghp cc im d liu ri rc vo trong cc nhm nh dng c quy tc phc v cho vic in n v hin th.
Ty bin cc chng trnh: Ngi s dng c th t thit k, lp trnh cc chng trnh ring ty theo yu cu s dng ca mnh.
Giao din: Xy dng giao din da trn ng dng ca khch hng, c s dng cc cng c v th v bng biu.
Lp bo co: C kh nng lp bo co t ng, nh k hoc theo yu cu v cc cnh bo v cc s kin, hot ng vn hnh. ng thi cung cp cc kh nng tm tt bo co.
Qun l vic bo tr bo dng: T ng lp k hoch v to ra cc th t cng vic cho cc thit b cn bo tr da trn lch s thi gian lm vic hoc k hoch theo nin lch.
Tch hp h thng: Cung cp giao din v iu khin chung cho cc h thng con (HVAC, bo chy, an ton, gim st truy nhp,...) v cung cp kh nng tng hp thng tin t cc h thng con
t a ra cc mnh lnh c tnh ton cc trong h thng.
Qun l nng lng v ti nguyn: thu thp, lu tr v x l d liu lch s nh nng lng s dng, chi ph vn hnh v cc cnh bo v to ra cc bo co cung cp cc cng c cho qu
trnh qun l v vic s dng thit b lu di.
Mng iu khin cp trng Slave
i vi nhng dch v m khng c h thng con thng minh th nhng dch v ny s c iu khin trc tip thng qua b m ho ca BMS hoc trc tip ti b iu khin. BMS s giao tip s
dng kt ni vt l RS232/RS485 v nhng giao thc truyn thng thch hp bi nhng nh cung cp DDC/PLC.
C rt nhiu b iu khin trn th trng, chng c th s dng cho giao din cp trng slave ph hp vi tng h thng c th. Di y a ra mt s loi b iu khin chung BMS hp vi nhng
h thng sau y :
H thng cung cp v phn phi in (My ct, T h th, t phn phi u tng v my pht in d phng) thng l chun Modbus
iu ha trung tm (Chiller hoc VRV)
Chiu sng cng cng (Public Lighting)
iu khin truy nhp (Access control)
H thng Camera an ninh
H thng PCCC
Thang my (lift, elevator)
H thng cp thot nc / x l nc thi sinh hot .
Tch hp h thng iu ho trung tm
H thng iu ha trung tm l mt trong nhng h thng quan trng nht ca ta nh.
H thng ny bao gm cc mch in cng nh cc mch iu khin m bo cho h thng lm vic mt cch hiu qu.
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Thng thng cc nh cung cp iu ha s u tin chn cc b iu khin t nhng nh cung cp m c th tch hp vo h thng mt cch d dng.
tch hp vi h thng, cc nh cung cp iu ha cn phi cung cp cc thit b c kh nng kt ni vi h thng bn ngoi thng qua cc giao thc m nh OPC, BACNet, MODBUS hoc LNS. c
kh nng cung cp tnh nng gia hn thi gian s dng t ng, h thng BMS phi c tnh nng nh ngha im hat ng cho tng vng.
Thit b BMS cn phi c tnh nng logic bn trong c th iu khin cc Chiller, AHU, FCU, VRF bt hoc tt theo tng vng ring bit.
Vic iu khin nng, thng gi v cc dch v iu ho khc thng thng u thng qua cc b iu khin s trc tip ca h thng BMS.

H thng BMS s iu khin v/hoc gim st cc thit b sau :
Cc my lnh trung tm
Cc b iu chuyn khng kh
Chnh lng khng kh
Qut kh thi/ kh ti
Nhit v m ngoi tri
Nhit v m phng
Thi gian hot ng ca tt c cc khi.
Cc thng s mi trng khc.
H thng BMS s gim st v iu khin cc thng qua cc thit b iu khin ny v cung cp t nht l cc tnh nng sau:
Tnh trng ca cc thit b
Cng sut h thng
Cc mc qu nhit ca h thng
Mc qu ti ca h thng
Gim st cc trng thi hot ng
Thi gian hot ng ca tt c h thng hoc cc b
Tnh ton hot ng vi hiu sut cao nht.

Tch hp vo h thng chiu sng
Hin c tng i nhiu cc tiu chun iu khin chiu sng c p dng trn th gii v chiu sng c coi nh mt b phn quan trng cu thnh nn mt cng trnh, ng gp quan trng trong kin
trc ni tht building. Hn na, h thng chiu sng cng l mt trong nhng
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thnh phn tiu th nng lng ln nht trong ta nh, do , s dng nh sng mt cch hiu qu v tit kim cng l mt trong nhng trng tm cu vic thit k building.
Cc tiu chun iu khin chiu sng thng dng trn th gii bao gm : KNX/EIB ( chu u), Lutron (M), LON, DALI, C-bus ( Clipsal c)...
Hu ht cc h iu khin chiu sng k trn u c cc giao din vi BMS mc cao (OPC server) hay mc thp (DO Digital Output, DI Digital Input hay dry relay tip im kh).
H thng iu khin chiu sng thng c phn theo cc vng iu khin. BMS s ln lch trnh v iu khin nh sng theo mc vng trong ta nh . u vo ca h thng ny s bao gm:

Yu cu ca ngi dng cn c nh sng ngay khi xut hin ti khu vc.
Yu cu ca ngi dng cn ln lch trnh cho vic chiu sng.
H thng cho php bt tt hoc t cu hnh iu khin cho cc n/dy n c nh t my tnh iu khin trung tm hay h thng cc phm iu khin khu vc.
H thng BMS s bao gm cc chc nng iu khin mc vng nh sau.
nh sng c th c bt ln hoc tt i mt vng xc nh.
Gim st trng thi cu cc b chuyn mch iu khin, khng nh cc lnh a ra.
Gim st trng thi hin ti cu cc n bao gm sng n (dimming control).
B qua h thng iu khin ca phng v t sn ch hot ng cho cc n.
C kh nng t li cu hnh cho h thng iu khin chiu sng thay i b chuyn mch chnh hoc b chuyn mch ph cho cc vng chiu sng m ang c chuyn mch bi cc cng tc
trong phng.
Gim st tt c cc modul iu khin ca h thng iu khin chiu sng. H thng s cung cp vic hin th ha ton phn cho phn ngoi tht, v cho mi tng s hin th trng thi ca cc vng
chiu sng, cc mch in, cc b pht hin chuyn ng, cc b cm bin mc sng.
Tch hp vo h thng bo chy v chng chy
H thng bo chy cng l h thng thng minh vi cc phn iu khin ca ring n. H thng ny s giao tip vi h
thng BMS thng qua mt cng giao tip thng minh. Cng giao tip ny l dng giao din RS232 hay RS485 v nh tch hp h thng BMS s vit tip th tc (protocol) giao tip ring tiu chun. Th tc
ny c th l mc thp vi iu kin nhng chi tit v nh dng gi thng tin phi c cung cp cho nh tch hp BMS.
Thng qua cng giao tip (gateway), cc dng thng tin sau cn c cung cp:
Trng thi ca tt c cc b bm phc v cu ho
Mc nc trong cc b cha nc cu ho
Gim st p lc nc trong cc bnh cha chnh ca h thng cu ha
Trng thi ca bng iu khin.
H thng BMS s cung cp s b tr v s chc nng hot ng ca cc dch v cu ho. S s c m phng ng ch ra trng thi ca cc thit b v s vn hnh ca h thng.

Tch hp vo cc h thng phn phi in
Hu ht cc thit b bo v my in (Circuit Breaker) s dng b bo v in t (electronci trip) u c kh nng lin kt cc mc khc nhau. Nh cung cp h thng in c kh nng cung cp b
iu khin vi th tc giao din hoc cng giao din cn thit (thng l Modbus) giao tip vi h thng BMS.
Cng giao tip s cung cp giao din RS232 hoc RS485 v nh tch hp h thng BMS s bin chng thnh cc th tc giao tip ring chun.
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Bng iu khin ca h thng in c th c cc im kim tra c th o c in p, dng, tn s, cng sut v nng lng ca h thng in. Nh cung cp thit b in thng thng s la chn cc
b iu khin m c th ni vi cc im kim tra trn bng iu khin bng module DI (Digital Input), v ni vi cc b bin i bng chun im u vo loi AI (Analogue Input). Thng qua giao din ny,
h thng BMS s gim st cc thng tin v trng thi ca h thng in t trm bin p n t phn phi. H thng BMS c th gim st v iu khin c nh sau:
Cng sut tiu th
Nhu cu ti a/ti thiu
Gim st trng thi ca cc mch in
Gim st v iu khin trng thi ca cc my ct/ ptmt
in p, dng v tn s in ngun.
Gim st trng thi ca tt c cc t in, in p v dng ca in cung cp.
H thng BMS s cung cp vic hin th ho ca h thng in, hin th h tng kt ni v cc mch in. Mn hnh ho s hin th s nguyn l u in v ch ra tn v s ca cc mch, cc cu
ch/CB cng vi cc lng in tiu th, cc gi tr c c ca in p v dng in.
Trng thi ca tt c cc im gim st thit b in cng c hin th. B hin th xu hng s c kh nng iu chnh theo nhu cu hin th xu hng tiu th in cho mt thit b o hoc mt nhm cc
thit b o da trn ngy thng c ch nh bi ngi dng.
Tch hp vi my pht in
Cc b iu khin ca BMS s cho php h thng BMS gim st v iu khin my pht v h thng nhin liu v cung cp cc thng tin sau:
Trng thi ca tng my pht
Gim st tnh trng v mc cht lng ca h thng pht in
Gim st cc cnh bo ca cc khi ca my pht in
Gim st thi gian hot ng ca tt c cc my pht
Gim st cc mc nhin liu trong tt c cc bnh cha.
Gim st ngun cung cp nng lng v cc cnh bo v r r.
Mn hnh ho m phng ng ch ra cc hot ng v trng thi ca cc my pht s c cung cp. Mn hnh s ch ra qu trnh hot ng cng nh l b tr v mt vt l ca cc my pht, h thng
cung cp nhin liu v h thng lu tr nhin liu.
Tch hp vo h thng thang my
H thng thang my thng i km vi mt phn mm trn my PC gim st v iu khin. H thng cng c th cung cp mt c ch giao tip cho cc nh tch hp BMS truy nhp v ly thng
tin.
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Mt giao tip mc cao cng c th c cung cp cho h thng iu khin thang my v thang trung tm (ty nh sn xut). Thng qua giao din ny, h thng BMS s c th gim st v iu khin cc
thng tin lin quan n thang my v cng giao tip vi h thng thng bo, h thng nhn tin, v mn hnh hin th ca thang my. Cc nh cung cp thang my thng cung cp cc giao thc nh OPC,
BACNet, MODBUS, LNS, P2 hoc n gin hn l TCP/IP. Mi mt h thng thang my s cung cp cc chc nng sau c th dng BMS iu khin chng (thng qua cng giao tip ca BMS):
Tt c cc im kim tra trng thi ca thang my v cc im cnh bo s c gim st
V tr ca mi thang my.
Trng thi hot ng ca thang my
Cc thng bo bng hnh nh ang hin th hoc c ln lch trnh hin th cng s xem c bng h thng BMS.
Cc bn thng bo bng hnh nh cho mi hay c mt nhm thang s th thit lp v c a vo ngay lp tc hoc ln lch a vo hin th.
Hin th tng ngh ca thang my
Hng i ca thang my
Gim st c trng thi dng khn cp ca thang my.
Gim st trng thi ca cc cnh bo ca thang my : Cc cnh bo chung ca h thng thang my s khng cn phi a ra. H thng BMS s nhn cc thng tin cnh bo v trng thi chi tit ca h thng.
H thng BMS s cung cp mn hnh ho m phng ng ch ra cc chuyn ng v trng thi ca tt c thang my.
Tch hp vo h thng cung cp nc v x l nc thi
Cc nh cung cp h thng cung cp nc cn c cc thit b v cc b iu khin cn thit c th tch hp vo BMS. Cc giao thc s dng cho kt ni ny c th l cc giao thc cp thp nhng phi
ph hp c th tch hp vo BMS. Khi c tch hp vo BMS, c th thc hin c cc cng vic sau.
Theo di tnh trng ca cc bm nc
Bt tt cc my bm
Theo di mc nc trong cc b cha
Gim st mc nc trong cc h ga thu nc, t ng khi ng bm chng lt.
H thng BMS s a ra s b tr v s chc nng ca h thng ng nc v h thng dch v v sinh. Mn hnh ho s c m phng ng ch ra trng thi ca cc thit b v tnh trng hot
ng ca h thng.