Page 1 of 20

Article X. Local Government

Section 1. Territorial and Political Subdivisions of
the Philippines
Cordillera Broad Coalition v. COA, GR No.
79956, January 6, !99"
FACTS: EO 220 ATE !"#$ 1%& 1'() C*EATES T+E
CO*,##E*A A-,.,ST*AT,/E *E0,O. 1CA*2
C*EAT,.0 A TE-PO*A*$ A-,.,ST*AT,/E A0E.C$
PE.,.0 T+E C*EAT,O. OF T+E CO*,##E*A
A"TO.O-O"S *E0,O.. EO 220& ,SS"E 3$ T+E
P*ES,E.T ,. T+E E4E*C,SE OF +E* #E0,S#AT,/E
PO5E*S ".E* A*T. 4/,,,& SEC. 6 OF T+E
CO.ST,T"T,O.& C*EATE T+E CA*. ,T 5AS
C*EATE TO ACCE#E*ATE ECO.O-,C A. SOC,A#
0*O5T+ ,. T+E *E0,O. A. TO P*EPA*E FO*
T+E ESTA3#,S+-E.T OF T+E A"TO.O-O"S
*E0,O. ,. T+E CO*,##E*AS. ,TS -A,. F".CT,O.
,S TO COO*,.ATE T+E P#A..,.0 A.
,-P#E-E.TAT,O. OF P*O0*A-S A. SE*/,CES ,.
T+E *E0,O.& PA*T,C"#A*#$& TO COO*,.ATE
5,T+ T+E #OCA# 0O/E*.-E.T ".,TS AS 5E## AS
5,T+ T+E E4EC"T,/E EPA*T-E.TS OF T+E
.AT,O.A# 0O/E*.-E.T ,. T+E S"PE*/,S,O. OF
F,E# OFF,CES A. ,. ,E.T,F$,.0& P#A..,.0&
-O.,TO*,.0& A. ACCEPT,.0 P*O!ECTS A.
ACT,/,T,ES ,. T+E *E0,O.. ,T S+A## A#SO
-O.,TO* T+E ,-P#E-E.TAT,O. OF A## O.0O,.0
.AT,O.A# A. #OCA# 0O/E*.-E.T P*O!ECTS ,.
T+E *E0,O.. T+E CA* S+A## +A/E A CO*,##E*A
*E0,O.A# ASSE-3#$ AS A PO#,C$7FO*-"#AT,.0
3O$ A. A CO*,##E*A E4EC"T,/E 3OA* AS
A. ,-P#E-E.T,.0 A*-. T+E CA* A. T+E
ASSE-3#$ A. E4EC"T,/E 3OA* S+A## E4,ST
".T,# S"C+ T,-E AS T+E A"TO.O-O"S *E0,O.A#
0O/E*.-E.T ,S ESTA3#,S+E A. O*0A.,8E.
,. T+ESE CASES& PET,T,O.E*S P*,.C,PA##$ A*0"E
T+AT 3$ ,SS",.0 E.O. .O. 220 T+E P*ES,E.T& ,.
T+E E4E*C,SE OF +E* #E0,S#AT,/E PO5E*S P*,O*
TO T+E CO./E.,.0 OF T+E F,*ST CO.0*ESS
".E* T+E 1'() CO.ST,T"T,O.& +AS /,*T"A##$
P*E7E-PTE CO.0*ESS F*O- ,TS -A.ATE
TAS9 OF E.ACT,.0 A. O*0A.,C ACT A.
C*EATE A. A"TO.O-O"S *E0,O. ,. T+E
CO*,##E*AS.
,SS"E: 5+ET+E* EO 220 T+E*E3$ C*EATE A
TE**,TO*,A# A. PO#,T,CA# S"3,/,S,O.
+E#: .O. 5+AT ,S C*EATE ,S .OT A P"3#,C
CO*PO*AT,O. 3"T A. E4EC"T,/E A0E.C$ ".E*
T+E CO.T*O# OF T+E .AT,O.A# 0O/E*.-E.T. ,T
,S -O*E S,-,#A* TO T+E *E0,O.A# E/E#OP-E.T
CO".C,#S 5+,C+ T+E P*ES,E.T -A$ C*EATE
".E* A*T. 4 SEC. 1:.
Section 2. #ocal Autono;<
Lim#ona v. Conte $an%elin, et al, GR No.
&"'9!, (e#ruary &, !9&9
R)*NAL+O ,AN J-AN v. C,C !96 ,CRA 69
A.ril !9, !99!
(AC/,:0overnor San !uan issued ;e;orandu; for
the appoint;ent of Santos as Actin= Provincial
3ud=et O>cer and reco;;ended her further for
said position ?ith the 3-. 3- re@ected the
appoint;ent of Santos and instead appointed San
!ose because she is ;ore AualiBed than Santos.
0overnor San !uan protested.
0,,-): ,f the epart;ent +ead dee;ed that the
appointed is not AualiBed& ;a< he appoint an<one
he choosesC
R-L0NG: NO. +e ;ust return the
reco;;endations of the #ocal 0overn;ent +ead
eDplainin= ?h< the reco;endees are not AualiBed
and asE for ne? reco;;endations. ,n other ?ords&
the reco;;endation of the #ocal 0overn;ent
+ead is conditional of the epart;entFs
appointin= authorit<. This is the onl< ?a< #ocal
Autono;< can be =iven reco=nition the
Constitution ?ants it to have.
+rilon v. Lim 1 '5 ,CRA !'5 2!9934
$AG/AJA, 5. 6R*C) 6RO6)R/0),, GR NO.
!!!"97, J-L* ", !993
(AC/,7 On dece;ber )& 1''2& san==unian=
panlun=sod of ca=a<an de oro cit< enacted
ordinance GG%G& prohibitin= the issuance of
business per;it and cancellin= eDistin= business
per;it to an< establish;ent for the usin= and
allo?in= to use its pre;ises or portion thereof for
the operation of a casino. On !anuar< :& 1''G& it
enacted ordinance GG)%7'G& prohibitin= the
operation of casino and providin= penalt< for
violation therefore. Pr<ce assailed the ordinances
before the ca& ?here it ?as @oined b< pa=cor as
intervener. The court found the ordinances invalid
and issued the ?rit pra<ed for to prohibit their
enforce;ent. Cdo cit< and its ;a<or Bled a petition
for revie? under rules of court ?ith the supre;e
court.
0,,-)7 5hether or not the san==unian=
panlun=sod can prohibit the establish;ent of
casino operated b< pa=cor throu=h an ordinance.
8)L+7 .o. #ocal =overn;ents have certain
po?ers =iven b< the constitution ?hich ;a< not be
curtailed b< the national =overn;ent& but that&
outside of these& local =overn;ents ;a< not pass
ordinances contrar< to statute. The =overn;ent of
Page 2 of 20
ca=a<an de oro cit< contended that& under its
authorit< to prohibit =a;blin=& the cit< could
prevent the philippine =a;es and a;use;ent
board 1pa=cor2 fro; operatin= a casino in the cit<.
Pa=cor& ho?ever& had authorit< under p.d. 1(6' to
centraliHe and re=ulate all =a;es of chance under
the territorial @urisdiction of the philippines. ,n
rulin= that ca=a<an de oro cit< could not curtail
pa=corIs authorit<& the court in no uncertain ter;s
said: J;unicipal =overn;ents are onl< a=ents of
the national =overn;ent. #ocal councils eDercise
onl< dele=ated le=islative po?ers conferred on
the; b< con=ress as the national la?;aEin= bod<.
Jud%e Leyne9 v. COA, GR No. !3'596, +ec. !!,
""'
FACTS: PET,TO.E* K"EST,O.S T+E
CO.ST,T"T,O.A#,T$ OF T+E ACT OF COA
P*O/,.C,A# A",TO* ,. ,SA##O5,.0 T+E
SA.00".,A.0 3A$A. OF .A"!A. ,. 0*A.T,.0
*TC !"0E TO-AS C. #E$.ES A. ,.C*EASE ,.
-O.T+#$ *,CE A. T*A.SPO*TAT,O. A##O5A.CE
T+*O"0+ T+E #ATTE*IS *ESO#"T,O. .O. 0%).
COA ,SA##O5E T+E SA, ACT O. T+E 3AS,S OF
*EP"3#,C ACT .O. )6:% J0E.E*A#
APP*OP*,AT,O.S ACT OF 1''G SECT,O. G6 T+AT
STATES T+AT O.E S+A## .OT 3E A##O5E TO
C#A,- *ATA F*O- -O*E T+A. O.E SO"*CE.
,SS"E: 5+ET+E* O* .OT COAIS APP#,CAT,O. OF
*A )6:% SECT,O. G6 ,S ".CO.ST,T"T,O.A#.
+E#: $ES. COA -,SCO.ST*"E *A )6:% SECT,O.
G6. T+E SA, SECT,O. ,S -E*E#$ A.
A-,.,ST*AT,/E TOO# E-P#O$E 3$ T+E 3- TO
P*E/E.T T+E -"C+7A3"SE P*ACT,CE OF
-"#T,P#E A##O5A.CE 3$ STA.A*,8,.0 T+E
0*A.T OF *ATA 3$ .AT,O.A# A0E.C,ESL ,T OES
.OT APP#$ TO #OCA# 0O/E*.-E.T F".S. TO
".!"ST#$ 5,E. T+E CO/E*A0E OF T+E
K"EST,O.E SECT,O. TO ,.C#"E #OCA#
0O/E*.-E.T PO#,C,ES 5,## 3E ,. 0*A/E
/,O#AT,O. OF SECT,O. 2 A*T,C#E 10 OF T+E 1'()
CO.ST,T"T,O. 5+,C+ 0"A*A.TEES T+E #OCA#
A"TO.O-$ OF T+E STATEIS TE**,TO*,A# A.
PO#,T,CA# S"3,/,S,O.S. 0E.",.E A.
-EA.,.0F"# A"TO.O-$ OF #OCA# 0O/E*.-E.T
A0E.C,ES S+A## 3E E.S"*E O.#$ 5+E.& AS ,.
T+,S CASE& T+E PO5E* TO 0*A.T A##O5A.CES ,S
P*O/,E TO T+E #OCA# 0O/E*.-E.T 5,T+ T+E
,SC*ET,O. AS TO T+E A-O".T OF T+E SA,
A##O5A.CES EPE.,.0 O. T+E F".
A/A,#A3,#,T$.
Batan%a9 CA/5 v. CA and Batan%a9 City, GR
No. !'&&!", ,e.tem#er 9, ""3
FACTS: T+E CO.ST,T"T,O.A#,T$ OF *ESO#"T,O.
.O. 210 5AS ,. K"EST,O.& T+,S 5AS E.ACTE 3$
T+E SA.00".,A.0 PA.0#".0SO OF 3ATA.0AS
C,T$. T+,S *ESO#"T,O. 0A/E T+E PET,T,O.E* T+E
PE*-,T TO CO."CT& ,.STA## A. OPE*ATE A
CAT/ ,. 3ATA.0AS& P*O/,E T+AT& ,.
ACCO*A.CE 5,T+ SECT,O. ( OF T+E SA,
*ESO#"T,O.& ,.C*EASE OF S"3SC*,3E* *ATES
S+A## 3E S"3!ECT TO T+E APP*O/A# OF T+E
SA.00".,A.. PET,T,O.E* #ATE* ,.C*EASE ,TS
*ATES 5,T+O"T SEE9,.0 FO* APP*O/A#L +E.CE&
*ESPO.E.T T+*EATE.E PET,T,O.E* TO
POSS,3#E *E/OCAT,O. OF T+E PE*-,TL +E.CE&
T+,S CASE.
,SS"E: 5+ET+E* O* .OT T+E #OCA#
0O/E*.-E.T +A/E T+E A"T+O*,T$ TO *E0"#ATE
CAT/ S"3SC*,3E* *ATES.
+E#: .O& #0"S OES .OT +A/E T+E A"T+O*,T$
TO *E0"#ATE CAT/ *ATES. T+E .AT,O.A#
TE#ECO--".,CAT,O.S CO--,SS,O. +AS T+E
*E0"#ATO*$ PO5E* O/E* TEC+.,CA# -ATTE*S
OF CAT/& ,.C#",.0 T+E ETE*-,.AT,O. OF
JFA,* S"3SC*,3E* *ATES. A#T+O"0+ T+E #0"
CA. *E0"#ATE CAT/S ".E* T+E 0E.E*A#
5E#FA*E C#A"SE 0O/E*.,.0 #OCA#
0O/E*.-E.T ".,TS& T+,S #OCA# A"TO.O-$ +AS
#,-,TS. T+ESE #,-,TS 5AS C*OSSE 3$
*ESO#"T,O. .O. 210 5+,C+ /,O#ATE T+E
-A.ATE OF E4,ST,.0 #A5S A. T+E STATEIS
E*E0"#AT,O. PO#,C$ O/E* T+E CAT/ ,."ST*$.
,. T+E CASE AT 3A*& T+E SA.00".,A. ,##E0A##$
"S"*PE T+E !"*,S,CT,O. OF T+E .TC.
CR)BA v. ,ecretary o: +AR, GR !&'3"9, June
!&, "!"
Section G. #ocal 0overn;ent Code
Garcia v. CO$)L)C, 7 ,CRA !"" ;!99'<
FACTS: ".E* SECT,O. )0 OF T+E #OCA#
0O/E*.-E.T COE& SO-E -A$O*S& /,CE7
-A$O*S A. -E-3E*S OF T+E SA.00".,A.0
3A$A. OF T5E#/E 3ATAA. -".,C,PA#,T,ES
FO*-E A P*EPA*ATO*$ *ECA## ASSE-3#$
1P*AC2 TO ,.,T,ATE T+E *ECA## E#ECT,O. OF
PET,T,O.E* 0O/E*.O* 0A*C,A AS 0O/E*.O* OF
3ATAA. O. T+E 0*O". OF #OSS OF
CO.F,E.CE. CO-E#EC SC+E"#E T+E SA,
E#ECT,O.S. 0A*C,A CO.TE.S T+E
CO.ST,T"T,O.A#,T$ OF SECT,O. )0 OF T+E #OCA#
0O/E*.-E.T COE O. T+E 0*O". T+AT A
*ECA## E#ECT,O. T+*O"0+ T+E P*AC ,S
".CO.ST,T"T,O.A#.
,SS"E: 5+ET+E* O* .OT SECT,O. )0 OF T+E
#OCA# 0O/E*.-E.T COE ,S
".CO.ST,T"T,O.A#.
Page 3 of 20
+E#: .O& ,T ,S .OT ".CO.ST,T"T,O.A#. T+E
CO.ST,T"T,O. , .OT P*O/,E FO* A.$ -EA.S
TO 3E FO##O5E ,. CO."CT,.0 A *ECA##
E#ECT,O.. SECT,O. G A*T,C#E 4 OF T+E
CO.ST,T"T,O. -A.ATES T+AT T+E CO.0*ESS
S+A## E.ACT A #OCA# 0O/E*.-E.T COE 5+,C+
5,## P*O/,E FO* A -O*E *ESPO.S,/E A.
ACCO".TA3#E #OCA# 0O/E*.-E.T ST*"CT"*E
T+*O"0+ A S$STE- OF ECE.T*A#,8AT,O. 5,T+
EFFECT,/E -EC+A.,S-S OF *ECA##& ,.,T,AT,/E&
A. *EFE*E."-. ,T ,S C#EA* F*O- T+E
AFO*E-E.T,O.E SECT,O. T+AT T+E CO.0*ESS
,S 0,/E. T+E PO5E* TO C+OOSE T+E -EA.S OF
*ECA## ,T EE-S TO 3E -OST EFFECT,/E TO
S"PPO*T T+E !"0-E.T OF T+E E#ECTO*ATE A.
.OT TO -A.ATE T+E CO.0*ESS ,.TO C+OOS,.0
A PA*T,C"#A* -EC+A.,S- OF ,.,T,AT,.0 *ECA##
E#ECT,O.S
$alon=o v. CO$)L)C, 69 ,CRA '&" ;!997<
FACTS : -A#O.8O 5AS E#ECTE AS -A$O* OF
CA#OOCA. C,T$ ,. T+E E#ECT,O.S +E# O. -A$
(& 1''%. +O5E/E*& 3A*E#$ A $EA* AFTE* +,S
E#ECT,O.& O. !"#$ )& 1''6& 1&0%) P".O.0
3A*A.0A$S& SA.00".,A.0 3A*A.0A$ -E-3E*S
A. S9 C+A,*-E. CO.ST,T"T,.0 A -A!O*,T$ OF
T+E P*EPA*ATO*$ *ECA## ASSE-3#$ OF
CA#OOCA. PASSE P*EPA*ATO*$ *ECA##
ASSE-3#$ *ESO#"T,O. .O. 017'6& E4P*ESS,.0
#OSS OF CO.F,E.CE ,. -A$O* -A#O.8O& A.
CA##,.0 FO* T+E ,.,T,AT,O. OF *ECA##
P*OCEE,.0S A0A,.ST +,-. T+E SA,
*ESO#"T,O.& A#O.0 5,T+ OT+E* *E#E/A.T
OC"-E.TS& 5AS F,#E 3$ T+E P*A 5,T+ T+E
CO-E#EC. -A#O.8O F,#E A PET,T,O. 5,T+
CO-E#EC C+A##E.0,.0 T+E /A#,,T$ OF *ECA##
P*OCESS. T+E CO-E#EC& +O5E/E*& *E!ECTE
T+E PET,T,O.. ,T T+E. EC#A*E T+E *ECA##
P*OCEE,.0S TO 3E ,. O*E*. -A#O.8O T+E.
F,#E A PET,T,O. FO* CE*T,O*A*, 5,T+ P*A$E*
FO* TE-PO*A*$ *EST*A,.,.0 O*E* A.
APP#,CAT,O. FO* 5*,T OF P*E#,-,.A*$
,.!".CT,O.M& ASSA,#,.0 T+E CO-E#ECNS
*ESO#"T,O. AS +A/,.0 3EE. ,SS"E 5,T+ 0*A/E
A3"SE OF ,SC*ET,O.. -A#O.8O C+A##E.0E
T+E *ECA## P*OCEE,.0S& ESSE.T,A##$
C#A,-,.0 T+AT T+E .OT,CES FO* T+E -EET,.0
OF T+E P*A 5E*E .OT P*OPE*#$ SE*/E.
-O*EO/E*& +E A*0"E T+AT ,T 5AS T+E #,0A .0
-0A 3A*A.0A$ A. .OT T+E P*A 5+,C+
,.,T,ATE T+E *ECA##& CO.T*A*$ TO T+E
*EK",*E-E.TS ".E* T+E #OCA# 0O/E*.-E.T
COE. +E A#SO C#A,-E T+AT T+E P*OCEE,.0
FO##O5E FO* AOPT,.0 T+E *ECA##
*ESO#"T,O. 5AS EFECT,/E A. T+E*EFO*E
/O,.
,SS"E: 5+ET+E* O* .OT T+E *ECA##
P*OCEE,.0 5AS /A#,.
+E#: $ES. T+E *ECA## P*OCESS 5AS /A#,. T+E
.OT,CES 5E*E P*OPE*#$ SE*/E TO T+E
-E-3E*S OF T+E P*A. -O*EO/E*& ,T 5AS T+E
P*A 5+,C+ ,.,T,ATE T+E *ECA## A. .OT T+E
#,0A .0 -0A 3A*A.0A$. T+E *ESO#"T,O. 5AS
P*OPE*#$ AOPTE ,. A -EET,.0 CO."CTE 3$
T+E P*A. T+E *ECA## P*OCEE,.0S CA..OT 3E
E.,E -E*,T O. T+,S 0*O".. T+E #A5 O.
*ECA## , .OT P*ESC*,3E A. E#A3O*ATE
P*OCEE,.0. .E,T+E* , ,T E-A. A SPEC,F,C
P*OCE"*E. 5+AT ,S F".A-E.TA# ,S
CO-P#,A.CE 5,T+ T+E P*O/,S,O. T+AT T+E*E
S+O"# 3E A SESS,O. CA##E FO* T+E P"*POSE
OF ,.,T,AT,.0 *ECA## P*OCEE,.0S& ATTE.E
3$ A -A!O*,T$ OF A## T+E -E-3E*S OF T+E
P*EPA*ATO*$ *ECA## ASSE-3#$& ,. A P"3#,C
P#ACE A. T+AT T+E *ESO#"T,O. *ES"#T,.0
F*O- S"C+ ASSE-3#$ 3E AOPTE 3$ A
-A!O*,T$ OF A## T+E P*A -E-3E*S
$alon=o v. >amora 1 '' ,CRA &75
Section :. Supervision b< the President
Gan=on v. CA, "" ,CRA 7!
FACTS: 10 CO-P#A,.TS 5E*E F,#E A0A,.ST
-A$O* 0A.8O. ,F ,#O,#O O. 0*O".S OF
-,SCO."CT A. -,SFEASA.CE OF OFF,CE.
SEC*ETA*$ OF #OCA# 0O/E*.-E.T ,SS"E A 600
A$ S"SPE.S,O. A0A,.ST 0A.8O. 3ASE O.
T+E -E*,TS OF T+E CO-P#A,.TS F,#E A0A,.ST
+,-. 0A.8O. APPEA#E T+E ,SS"E TO T+E CA
A. S"SPE.S,O. O*E* 3$ T+E SEC*ETA*$ 5AS
AFF,*-E. 0A.8O. SA, T+AT T+E
CO.ST,T"T,O. OES .OT A"T+O*,8E T+E
P*ES,E.T .O* A.$ OF +,S A#TE* E0O TO
S"SPE. A. *E-O/E #OCA# OFF,C,A#SL
3ECA"SE T+E CO.ST,T"T,O. S"PPO*TS #OCA#
A"TO.O-$ A. ST*E.0T+E.S T+E SA-E A.
5+AT 5AS 0,/E. 3$ ,T 5AS -E*E S"PE*/,SO*$
PO5E*.
,SS"E: 5+ET+E* O* .OT T+E SEC*ETA*$ OF
#OCA# 0O/E*.-E.T& AS T+E P*ES,E.TIS A#TE*
E0O& CA. S"SPE. A. O* *E-O/E #OCA#
OFF,C,A#S.
+E#: $ES. SEC*ETA*$ OF #OCA# 0O/E*.-E.T ,S
E4E*C,S,.0 A /A#, PO5E*. +E& +O5E/E*&
O/E*STEPPE 3$ ,-POS,.0 A 600 A$
S"SPE.S,O.. 0A.8O. ,S ".E* T+E ,-P*ESS,O.
T+AT T+E CO.ST,T"T,O. +AS #EFT T+E
P*ES,E.T -E*E S"PE*/,SO*$ PO5E*S& 5+,C+
S"PPOSE#$ E4C#"ES T+E PO5E* OF
,./EST,0AT,O.& A. E.,E +E* CO.T*O#&
5+,C+ A##E0E#$ E-3*ACES ,SC,P#,.A*$
A"T+O*,T$. #E0A##$& S"PE*/,S,O. ,S .OT
,.CO-PAT,3#E 5,T+ ,SC,P#,.A*$ A"T+O*,T$. SC
Page 4 of 20
+A OCCAS,O. TO ,SC"SS T+E SCOPE A.
E4TE.T OF T+E PO5E* OF S"PE*/,S,O. 3$ T+E
P*ES,E.T O/E* #OCA# 0O/E*.-E.T OFF,C,A#S
,. CO.T*AST TO T+E PO5E* OF CO.T*O# 0,/E.
TO +,- O/E* E4EC"T,/E OFF,C,A#S OF O"*
0O/IT& 5+E*E ,T 5AS E-P+AS,8E T+AT
CO.T*O# A. S"PE*/,S,O. A*E T5O ,FFE*E.T
T+,.0S. F*O- T+E P*O.O".CE-E.T 0,/E.& ,T
CA..OT 3E ,.FE**E T+AT T+E PO5E* OF
S"PE*/,S,O. OF T+E P*ES,E.T O/E* #OCA#
0O/IT OFF,C,A#S OES .OT ,.C#"E T+E PO5E*
OF ,./EST,0AT,O. 5+E. ,. +,S OP,.,O. T+E
0OO OF T+E P"3#,C SE*/,CE SO *EK",*ES.
Jo9on v. /orre9, 9" ,CRA 79
FACTS: P*,/ATE *ESPO.E.T F,#E A #ETTE* OF
CO-P#A,.T TO T+E OFF,CE OF T+E P*ES,E.T
C+A*0,.0 0O/E*.O* !OSO. OF ."ECA EC,!A
5,T+ 0*A/E -,SCO."CT A. A3"SE OF
A"T+O*,T$. ACCO*,.0 TO *ESPO.E.TS& ,.
O.E OF T+E SA.00".,A.0 PA.#A#A5,0A.
-EET,.0& !OSO. 3A*0E ,.TO T+E +A## ,.
O*E* TO +A*ASS T+E- ,.TO APP*O/,.0 T+E
#OA. 1%0- PESOS F*O- P.3. T+E$ , .OT
APP*O/E T+E #OA. 3ECA"SE T+E*E ,S ST,## A
PE.,.0 O3#,0AT,O. A. T+E$ CA.IT AFFO*
TO E.TE* ,.TO A.OT+E*. T+E$ 5E*E T+"S
S"--O.E 3$ T+E ,#0 TO A SETT#E-E.T 3"T
, .OT CO-P#$ SO T+E$ 5E*E AS9E TO 0,/E
A.S5E*S 5,T+ *E0A*S TO T+E .O.7
SETT#E-E.T 5+E*E& !OSO. FA,#E TO O SO
A. SO 5AS EC#A*E OF 5A,/,.0 +,S *,0+T.
!OSO. F,#E -OT,O. TO ,S-,SS A##E0,.0 T+AT
T+E #ETTE* OF CO-P#A,.T 5AS .OT /E*,F,E O.
T+E A$ ,T 5AS F,#E A. +AT ,#0 +A .O
!"*,S,CT,O. O/E* T+E CASE A. .O A"T+O*,T$
TO *EK",*E +,- TO A.S5E*. E4EC"T,/E
SEC*ETA*$ TO**ES ,SS"E A. O*E*& 3$
A"T+O*,T$ OF P*ES,E.T& P#AC,.0 PET,T,O.E*
!OSO. O. A 60 A$S S"SPE.S,O. PE.,.0
,./EST,0AT,O. O. T+E C+A*0ES A0A,.ST +,-.
,SS"E: 5+ET+E* O* .OT T+E ,#0 +AS
,./EST,0AT,.0 A"T+O*,T$ O/E* T+E CASE.
+E#: $ES. T+E*E A*E 2 A"T+O*,T,ES ,.
!"*,S,CT,O. O/E* A-,.,ST*AT,/E ,SC,P#,.A*$
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,SC,P#,.,.0 A"T+O*,T$ 1A2O P*ES,E.T A.
T+E ,./EST,0AT,.0 A"T+O*,T$1,A2 O T+E
SEC*ETA*$ OF ,.TE*,O* A. #OCA# 0O/IT. T+E
SEC OF ,#0 ,S .OT A. E4C#"S,/E ,A. T+E PO5E*
OF T+E P*ES,E.T O/E* A-,.. ,SC,P#,.A*$
CASES A0A,.ST E#ECT,/E OFF,C,A#S ,S E*,/E
F*O- +,S PO5E* OF 0E.E*A# S"PE*/,S,O. O/E*
#OCA# 0O/IT. T+E PO5E* TO ,SC,P#,.E
E/,E.T#$ ,.C#"ES ,./EST,0AT,O.. +O5E/E*&
E#E0ATES T+E PO5E* TO ,./EST,0ATE TO T+E
,#0 O* A SPEC,A# ,./EST,0AT,.0 CO--,TTEE AS
-A$ 3E CO.ST,T"TE A 5+,C+ ,S .OT "."E
E#E0AT,O.. T+E P*ES. *E-A,.S T+E A A.
5+AT ,S E#E0ATE ,S T+E PO5E* TO
,./EST,0ATE. T+E PO5E* OF ,#0 TO
,./EST,0ATE A-,.. CO-P#A,.TS ,S 3ASE O.
T+E OCT*,.E O EC,S,O. OF E4EC"T,/E
OFF,C,A#S ,S /A#, AS ,F ,T ,S T+E EC,S,O. OF
T+E P*ES. T+E ,#0 5AS T+E O.E 5+O AS9E
!OSO. TO F,#E +,S A.S5E*. +O5E/E*& 5+AT
+APPE.E ,S .OT FATA#.
+rilon v. Lim, '5 ,CRA !'5 ;!993<
FACTS: P"*S"A.T TO SEC 1() OF T+E #OCA#
0O/IT COE& SEC*ETA*$ OF !"ST,CE +A& O.
APPEA# TO +,-& EC#A*E O*,.A.CE .O. ))':&
T+E -A.,#A *E/E."E COE& ."## A. /O, FO*
.O. CO-P#,A.CE A. FO* 3E,.0 CO.T*A*$ TO
#A5 A. P"3#,C PO#,C$. ,. A PET,T,O. FO*
CE*T,O*A*, F,#E 3$ T+E C,T$ OF -A.,#A& *TC OF
-A.,#A *E/O9E T+E SEC*ETA*$IS *ESO#"T,O.
A. S"STA,.E T+E O*,.A.CE. ,T EC#A*E
SEC 1() OF T+E #OCA# 0O/IT COE AS
".CO.ST,T"T,O.A# 3ECA"SE OF ,TS /EST"*E ,.
T+E SEC*ETA*$ OF !"ST,CE OF T+E PO5E* OF
CO.T*O# O/E* #OCA# 0O/TIS ,. /,O#AT,O. OF
T+E PO#,C$ OF #OCA# A"TO.O-$ -A.ATE ,.
T+E CO.ST,T"T,O. A. OF T+E SPEC,F,C
P*O/,S,O. T+E*E,. CO.FE**,.0 O. T+E
P*ES,E.T OF T+E P+,#,PP,.ES O.#$ T+E PO5E*
OF S"PE*/,S,O. O/E* #OCA# 0O/TIS.
,SS"E: 5+ET+E* O* .OT SEC*ETA*$ OF !"ST,CE
CA. E4E*C,SE CO.T*O#& *AT+E* T+A.
S"PE*/,S,O.& O/E* T+E #OCA# 0O/IT.
+E#: .O. A. OFF,CE* ,. CO.T*O# #A$S O5.
T+E *"#ES ,. T+E O,.0 OF A. ACT. ,F .OT
FO##O5E& +E -A$& ,. +,S ,SC*ET,O.& O*E*
T+E ACT ".O.E O* *E7O.E 3$ +,S
S"3O*,.ATE O* +E -A$ E/E. EC,E TO O ,T
+,-SE#F. S"PE*/,S,O. OES .OT CO/E* S"C+
A"T+O*,T$. T+E S"PE*/,SO* -E*E#$ SEES TO ,T
T+AT T+E *"#ES A*E FO##O5E& 3"T +E +,-SE#F
OES .OT #A$ O5. S"C+ *"#ES& .O* OES +E
+A/E T+E ,SC*ET,O. TO -O,F$ O* *EP#ACE
T+E-. ,. T+E OP,.,O. OF T+E CO"*T& SEC*ETA*$
Bito?onon v. (ernande= 1 '5" ,CRA 7'
NA/0ONAL L0GA NG $GA BARANGA* v.
6AR)+), G.R. No. !'"775 ,e.tem#er 7,
""3
(AC/,: ,#0 is appointed as interi; caretaEer to
ad;inister and ;ana=e the aPairs of #i=a n= ;=a
3aran=a< in =ivin= re;ed< to alle=ed violations
;ade b< the incu;bent o>cer of the #i=a in the
conduct of their elections. Petitioner contends that
Page 5 of 20
,#0Fs appoint;ent constitutes undue
interference in the internal aPairs of the #i=a& since
the latter is not sub@ect to ,#0 control and
supervision.
0,,-): 5hether the ,#0 Secretar< as alter7e=o of
the President has po?er of control over the #i=a n=
;=a 3aran=a<C
R-L0NG: NO. Section :& Article 4 provides that
the President shall eDercise =eneral supervision
over local =overn;ent& ?hich eDcludes the po?er
of control. As the entit< eDercisin= supervision
over the #i=a& the +0LG@9 autAority i9 limited to
9eein% to it tAat tAe rule9 are :olloBed, #ut it
cannot lay doBn 9ucA rule9 it9el: nor doe9 it
Aave tAe di9cretion to modi:y or re.lace tAe
9ame.
,J, v. Atien=a 1 535 ,CRA 9 2""94
6RO50NC) O( N)GRO, 5. COA, GR NO.
!&573, ,)6/)$B)R &, "!"
(AC/,7 The San==unian= Pan=lala?i=an of .e=ro
occidental passed a resolution allocatin= :7;illion
of its retained earnin=s for the healthcare of the
e;plo<ees of the province. The insurance
covera=e ?as a?arded to phila; care. The
provincial auditor& ho?ever& issued a notice of
suspension for the a=ree;ent bet?een phila; care
and the province of .e=ros for lacE of approval
fro; the president. The president then ordered
that the suspension be lifted up to the a;ount of
100&000& ho?ever& the co;;ission on audit i=nore
the presidential directive. "nder AO 10G& no
=overn;ent entit<& includin= a local =overn;ent
unit& is eDe;pt fro; securin= prior approval fro;
the president =rantin= additional beneBts to its
personnel. This is in confor;it< ?ith the polic< of
standardiHation of co;pensation laid do?n in *A
6)%(.
0,,-)7 5hether or not ad;inistrative orders
applies to #0"
8)L+7 .o. The president can onl< eDercise
=eneral supervision over the #0"Is ?hich is the
po?er of a superior o>cer to see to it that
subordinates perfor; their functions accordin= to
la?. An ad;inistrative order does not appl< to
#0"Fs but onl< to =overn;ent o>cesQa=encies& and
0OCCFs ?hich are under the control of the
president. The =rant of additional co;pensation
liEe health insurance beneBts does not need the
prior approval of the president.
Section %. TaDation Po?er of #ocal 0overn;ent
L/O v. City o: Butuan, ' ,CRA &"5
FACTS: +E SA.00".,A.0 PA.0#".SO OF T+E
C,T$ OF 3"T"A. E.ACTE A. O*,.A.CE
M*E0"#AT,.0 T+E OPE*AT,O. OF T*,C$C#ES7FO*7
+,*E& P*O/,,.0 -EC+A.,S- FO* T+E ,SS"A.CE
OF F*A.C+,SE& *E0,ST*AT,O. A. PE*-,T& A.
,-POS,.0 PE.A#T,ES FO* /,O#AT,O.S T+E*EOF
A. FO* OT+E* P"*POSES.M T+E O*,.A.CE
P*O/,E FO*& A-O.0 OT+E* T+,.0S& T+E
PA$-E.T OF F*A.C+,SE FEES FO* T+E 0*A.T OF
T+E F*A.C+,SE OF T*,C$C#ES7FO*7+,*E& FEES
FO* T+E *E0,ST*AT,O. OF T+E /E+,C#E& A.
FEES FO* T+E ,SS"A.CE OF A PE*-,T FO* T+E
*,/,.0 T+E*EOF. PET,T,O.E* #TO E4P#A,.S
T+AT O.E OF T+E F".CT,O.S OF T+E .AT,O.A#
0O/E*.-E.T T+AT& ,.EE& +AS 3EE.
T*A.SFE**E TO #OCA# 0O/E*.-E.T ".,TS ,S
T+E F*A.C+,S,.0 A"T+O*,T$ O/E* T*,C$C#ES7
FO*7+,*E OF T+E #A. T*A.SPO*TAT,O.
F*A.C+,S,.0 A. *E0"#ATO*$ 3OA* 1M#TF*3M2
3"T .OT& ,T ASSE/E*ATES& T+E A"T+O*,T$ OF
#TO TO *E0,STE* A## -OTO* /E+,C#ES A. TO
,SS"E TO K"A#,F,E PE*SO.S OF #,CE.SES TO
*,/E S"C+ /E+,C#ES
,SS"E: 5+ET+E* ".E* T+E P*ESE.T SET7"P T+E
PO5E* OF T+E #TO TO *E0,STE*& T*,C$C#ES ,.
PA*T,C"#A*& AS 5E## AS TO ,SS"E #,CE.SES FO*
T+E *,/,.0 T+E*EOF +AS #,9E5,SE E/O#/E
TO #OCA# 0O/E*.-E.T ".,TS
+E#: T+E SC *"#E T+AT T+E *E0,ST*AT,O.
A. #,CE.S,.0 F".CT,O.S A*E /ESTE ,. T+E
#TO 5+,#E F*A.C+,S,.0 A. *E0"#ATO*$
*ESPO.S,3,#,T,ES A*E /ESTE ,. T+E #TF*3.
".E* T+E #OCA# 0O/E*.-E.T COE& #0"S
+A/E T+E PO5E* TO *E0"#ATE T+E OPE*AT,O.
OF T*,C$C#E FO* +,*E A. TO 0*A.T F*A.C+,SE
FO* T+E OPE*AT,O. T+E*EOF.
Lina v. 6ano, '63 ,CRA 76 ;""!<
FACTS: *ESPO.E.T TO.$ CA#/E.TO A0E.T OF
T+E AS9E -A$O* CA#,4TO CATAK",8 OF SA.
PE*O& #A0".A& FO* A -A$O*IS PE*-,T TO OPE.
#OTTO O"T#ET. T+,S 5AS E.,E 3$ -A$O*
CATAK",8 O. T+E 0*O". T+AT A. O*,.A.CE
5AS PASSE 3$ T+E SA.00".,A.0
PA.#A#A5,0A. OF #A0".A5+,C+ *EAS:
J,SA.0 9APAS,$A+A. T,."T"T"#A. A.0 -0A
,##E0A# 0A-3#,.0 #A#O .A A.0 #OTTO SA
#A#A5,0A..0 #A0".ARAS A *ES"#T OF E.,A#&
*ESPO.E.T CA#/E.TO F,#E A CO-P#A,.T.
PET,T,O.E*S CO.TE. T+AT : 112T+E ASSA,#E
*ESO#"T,O. ,S A /A#, PO#,C$ EC#A*AT,O. OF
T+E P*O/,.C,A# 0O/E*.-E.T OF ,TS /E+E-E.T
O3!ECT,O. TO T+E OPE*AT,O. OF #OTTO A. A##
FO*-S OF 0A-3#,.0L122 ,T ,S #,9E5,SE A /A#,
E4E*C,SE OF T+E P*O/,.C,A# 0O/E*.-E.TIS
Page 6 of 20
PO#,CE PO5E* ".E* T+E #OCA# 0O/E*.-E.T
COE OF 1''1L1G2 T+E$ A#SO -A,.TA,. T+AT
*ESPO.E.TIS #OTTO OPE*AT,O. ,S ,##E0A#
3ECA"SE .O P*,O* CO.S"#TAT,O.S A.
APP*O/A# 3$ T+E #OCA# 0O/E*.-E.T 5E*E
SO"0+T 3EFO*E ,T 5AS ,-P#E-E.TE. T+E
*ESPO.E.T !"0E& F*A.C,SCO PA.O
P*O-"#0ATE +,S EC,S,O. E.!O,.,.0 T+E
PET,T,O.E*S F*O- ,-P#E-E.T,.0 O* E.FO*C,.0
*ESO#"T,O. OF 9APAS,$A+A. 3#0. %0(& T. 1''%.
-OT,O. FO* *ECO.S,E*AT,O. 5AS E.,E.
T+"S& PET,T,O.E*S F,#E PET,T,O. FO* *E/,E5
O. CE*T,O*A*,.
,SS"EQS: 1.5+ET+E* 9APAS,$A+A. 3#0. %0(&
T.1''% OF T+E SA.00".,A.0 PA.#A#A5,0A. OF
#A0".A A. T+E E.,A# OF A -A$O*IS PE*-,T
3ASE T+E*EO. A*E /A#, 2. 5+ET+E* P*,O*
CO.S"#TAT,O.S A. APP*O/A# 3$ T+E
CO.CE*.E SA.00".,A.A A*E .EEE 3EFO*E
A #OTTO S$STE- CA. 3E OPE*ATE ,. A 0,/E.
#OCA# 0O/E*.-E.T ".,T.
+E#: T+E PET,T,O. ,S E.,E. T+E CO"*T *"#E
T+AT T+E O*,.A.CE -E*E#$ STATES T+E
JO3!ECT,O.R OF T+E CO".C,# TO SA, 0A-E. ,T
,S 3"T A -E*E PO#,C$ STATE-E.T O. T+E PA*T
OF T+E #OCA# CO".C,#& 5+,C+ ,S .OT SE#F7
E4EC"T,.0. .O* CO"# ,T SE*/E AS A /A#,
0*O". TO P*O+,3,T T+E OPE*AT,O. OF T+E
#OTTO S$STE- ,. T+E P*O/,.CE OF #A0".A. ,T
P*O/,ES .O S"FF,C,E.T #E0A# 3AS,S FO*
*ESPO.E.T -A$O*IS *EF"SA# TO ,SS"E T+E
PE*-,T SO"0+T 3$ P*,/ATE *ESPO.E.T ,.
CO..ECT,O. 5,T+ A #E0,T,-ATE 3"S,.ESS
ACT,/,T$ A"T+O*,8E 3$ A #A5 PASSE 3$
CO.0*ESS.
6etron v. $ayor, GR No. !5&&&!, A.ril !6,
""&
FACTS: CO"*T *ECO*S S+O5E T+AT PET*O.&
5+,C+ -A,.TA,.S A EPOT O* 3"#9 P#A.T AT
T+E .O/ATAS F,S+PO*T CO-P#E4 ,. .A/OTAS&
*ECE,/E A #ETTE* F*O- *ESPO.E.T .A/OTAS
-A$O* TO3,AS T,A.0CO& 5+E*E,. T+E F,*- 5AS
ASSESSE TA4ES CO/E*,.0 ,TS SA#E OF ,ESE#
F*O- 1'') TO 2001.T+E .A/OTAS C,T$
0O/E*.-E.T E-A.E PA$-E.T OF P10.2
-,##,O. *EP*ESE.T,.0 PET*O.IS JEF,C,E.C$
TA4ES.RPET*O. F,#E 5,T+ .A/OTAS A #ETTE*7
P*OTEST TO T+E .OT,CE OF ASSESS-E.T
P"*S"A.T TO SECT,O. 1'% OF T+E COE. ,T
A*0"E T+AT ,T 5AS E4E-PT F*O- #OCA#
3"S,.ESS TA4ES ,. /,E5 OF A*T,C#E 2G2 OF T+E
,-P#E-E.T,.0 *"#ES OF T+E #0C AS 5E## AS
T+E *"#,.0 OF T+E 3"*EA" OF #OCA#
0O/E*.-E.T F,.A.CE OF T+E EPA*T-E.T OF
F,.A.CE. O5,.0 TO T+E E.,A# OF ,TS P*OTEST&
PET*O. F,#E 5,T+ T+E *TC ,. -A#A3O. A
CO-P#A,.T FO* CA.CE##AT,O. OF ASSESS-E.T
FO* EF,C,E.C$ TA4ES 5,T+ P*A$E* FO* T+E
,SS"A.CE OF A TE-P*O*A*$ *EST*A,.,.0 O*E*
A. P*E#,-,.A*$ ,.!".CT,O.. -A#A3O. *TC
*E.E*E ,TS EC,S,O. ,S-,SS,.0 PET*O.IS
CO-P#A,.T A. O*E*,.0 T+E PA$-E.T OF T+E
ASSESSE A-O".T. AFTE* 11 A$S& PET*O.
*ECE,/E A C#OS"*E O*E* F*O- T,A.0CO&
,*ECT,.0 ,T TO CEASE A. ES,ST F*O-
OPE*AT,.0 T+E 3"#9 P#A.T& P*O-PT,.0 ,T TO
E#E/ATE T+E CASE TO T+E SC.
,SS"E: 5+ET+E* O* .OT #OCA# 0O/E*.-E.T
".,T ,S E-PO5E*E ".E* T+E #OCA#
0O/E*.-E.T COE TO ,-POSE 3"S,.ESS TA4ES
O. PE*SO.S O* E.T,T,ES E.0A0E ,. T+E SA#E
OF PET*O#E"- P*O"CTS.
+E#: T+E PO5E* OF A -".,C,PA#,T$ TO ,-POSE
3"S,.ESS TA4ES ,S P*O/,E FO* ,. SECT,O.
1:G OF T+E #0C. ".E* T+E P*O/,S,O.& A
-".,C,PA#,T$ ,S A"T+O*,8E TO ,-POSE
3"S,.ESS TA4ES O. A 5+O#E +OST OF 3"S,.ESS
ACT,/,T,ES. S"FF,CE ,T TO SA$& ".#ESS T+E*E ,S
A.OT+E* P*O/,S,O. OF #A5 5+,C+ STATES
OT+E*5,SE& SECT,O. 1 :G& 3*OA ,. SCOPE AS ,T
,S& 5O"# ".O"3TE#$ CO/E* T+E 3"S,.ESS
OF SE##,.0 ,ESE# F"E#S& O* A.$ OT+E*
PET*O#E"- P*O"CT FO* T+AT -ATTE*.
*amane v. BA Le.anto Condominium, GR No.
!5399', Octo#er 5, ""5
FACT: PET,T,O.E* C,T$ T*EAS"*E* OF -A9AT,
+O#S *ESPO.E.T& ,. A .OT,CE OF
ASSESS-E.T& #,A3#E TO PA$ T+E CO**ECT
3"S,.ESS TA4ES& FEES A. C+A*0ES TOTA#,.0
TO P1.6- ,. 5+,C+ T+E *ESPO.E.TS
P*OTESTE CO.TE.,.0 T+AT CO.O-,.,"-
OES .OT FA## ".E* T+E EF,.,T,O. OF A
3"S,.ESS& T+"S& T+E$ A*E .OT #,A3#E FO* S"C+
TA4ES.
,SS"E: 5+ET+E* O* .OT T+E C,T$ T*EAS"*E* OF
-A9AT, -A$ CO##ECT 3"S,.ESS TA4ES O.
CO.O-,.,"- CO*PO*AT,O.S
+E#: PET,T,O. E.,E. ACCO*,.0#$& A. 5,T+
S,0.,F,CA.T E0*EE OF CO-FO*T& 5E +O#
T+AT CO.O-,.,"- CO*PO*AT,O.S A*E
0E.E*A##$ E4E-PT F*O- #OCA# 3"S,.ESS
TA4AT,O. ".E* T+E #0C& ,**ESPECT,/E OF A.$
#OCA# O*,.A.CE T+AT SEE9S TO EC#A*E
OT+E*5,SE. T+E PO5E* OF T+E #OCA#
0O/E*.-E.T ".,TS TO ,-POSE TA4ES 5,T+,. ,TS
TE**,TO*,A# !"*,S,CT,O. E*,/ES F*O- T+E
CO.ST,T"T,O. ,TSE#F& 5+,C+ *ECO0.,8ES T+E
PO5E* OF T+ESE ".,TS JTO C*EATE ,TS O5.
SO"*CES OF *E/E."E A. TO #E/$ TA4ES& FEES&
A. C+A*0ES S"3!ECT TO S"C+ 0",E#,.ES A.
Page 7 of 20
#,-,TAT,O.S AS T+E CO.0*ESS -A$ P*O/,E&
CO.S,STE.T 5,T+ T+E 3AS,C PO#,C$ OF #OCA#
A"TO.O-$.
6Aili..ine 6etroleum v. $unici.ality o: 6ililla,
GR No. 9"77', June ', !99!
Ace#edo O.tical v. CA, GR !""!5, $arcA !,
"""
6L+/ v. City o: +avao, GR !3'&67, $arcA 5,
""'
JoAn 8ay 6eo.le@9 Alternative Coalition v.
Lim, GR No. !!9775, Octo#er 3, ""'
FACTS: P*ES,E.T *A-OS T+*O"0+
P*OC#A-AT,O. .O. :20 EC#A*E A PO*T,O. OF
CA-P !O+. +A$ AS A SPEC,A# ECO.O-,C 8O.E
1SE82 A. C*EATE A *E0,-E OF TA4 E4E-PT,O.
5,T+,. T+E !O+. +A$ SPEC,A# ECO.O-,C 8O.E.
PET,T,O.E*S ASSA,#E T+E CO.ST,T"T,O.A#,T$
OF T+E P*OC#A-AT,O.. T+E CO"*T A#SO +E#
T+AT ,T ,S T+E #E0,S#AT"*E& ".#ESS #,-,TE 3$ A
P*O/,S,O. OF T+E CO.ST,T"T,O.& T+AT +AS T+E
F"## PO5E* TO E4E-PT A.$ PE*SO. O*
CO*PO*AT,O. O* C#ASS OF P*OPE*T$ F*O-
TA4AT,O.& ,TS PO5E* TO E4E-PT 3E,.0 AS
3*OA AS ,TS PO5E* TO TA4.
,SS"E: 5O. T+E PET,T,O.E*S +A/E #E0A#
STA.,.0 TO 3*,.0
+E#: $ES. T+E 3C ACT 0A/E T+E P*ES,E.T
T+E PO5E* TO C*EATE SPEC,A# ECO.O-,C
8O.ES F*O- FO*-E* 3ASES. +O5E/E*& T+E #A5
0*A.TE TA4 ,.CE.T,/ES O.#$ TO S"3,C. T+E
P*ES,E.T +A .O A"T+O*,T$ TO E4TE. TA4
E4E-PT,O.S TO T+E !O+. +A$ 8O.E.
$anila )lectric v. 6rovince o: La%una, GR No.
!'!'59, $ay 5, !999
Batan%a9 6oBer v. Batan%a9 City, GR No.
!5675, A.ril &, ""3
FACTS: 3PC F,#E A PET,T,O. FO* EC#A*ATO*$
*E#,EF 5,T+ T+E -A9AT, *TC A0A,.ST 3ATA.0AS
C,T$ S .PC A##E0,.0 T+AT ".E* T+E 3OT
A0*EE-E.T& .PC ,S *ESPO.S,3#E FO* T+E
PA$-E.T OF TA4ES ,-POSE O. T+E PO5E*
STAT,O. E4CEPT ,.CO-E A. PE*-,T FEES AS A
P,O.EE* E.TE*P*,SE FO* 6 $EA*S ".E* SEC.
1GG102 OF T+E #0C& 3"T S,.CE .PC ,S A TA47
E4E-PT CO*PO*AT,O. ".E* ,TS C+A*TE*& 3OT+
T+E 3PC A. .PC A*E.IT #,A3#E FO* ,TS
PA$-E.T.
,SS"E: 5Q. T+E .PCIS TA4 E4E-PT,O. P*,/,#E0ES
".E* ,TS C+A*TE* 5E*E 5,T+*A5. 3$ T+E
#0C.
+E#: T+E PO5E* TO TA4 ,S .O #O.0E*
E4C#"S,/E#$ /ESTE O. CO.0*ESSL #OCA#
#E0,S#AT,/E 3O,ES A*E .O5 0,/E. A"T+O*,T$
TO #E/$ TA4ES& FEES A. OT+E* C+A*0ES
P"*S"A.T TO A*T.4& SEC.% OF T+E 1'()
CO.ST,T"T,O.. T+E #0C EFFECT,/E#$ EA#S 5,T+
T+E F,SCA# CO.ST*A,.TS FACE 3$ T+E #0"S. ,T
5,E.S T+E TA4 3ASE OF #0"S TO ,.C#"E
TA4ES 5+,C+ 5E*E P*O+,3,TE 3$ P*E/,O"S
#A5S. 5+E. .PC ASS"-E TA4 #,A3,#,T,ES OF
T+E 3PC ".E* T+E,* 1''2 3OT A0*EE-E.T&
T+E #0C 5+,C+ *E-O/E .PCIS TA4 E4E-PT,O.
P*,/,#E0ES +A A#*EA$ 3EE. ,. EFFECT FO* 6
-O.T+S. T+"S& 5+,#E T+E 3PC *E-A,.S TO 3E
T+E E.T,T$ O,.0 3"S,.ESS ,. T+E C,T$& ,T ,S
T+E .PC T+AT ,S "#T,-ATE#$ #,A3#E TO PA$ SA,
TA4ES ".E* T+E P*O/,S,O.S OF 3OT+ T+E 1''2
3OT A0*EE-E.T S T+E 1''1 #0C.
,$AR/ CO$$-N0CA/0ON, v. C0/* O( +A5AO
G.R. No. !'"775 ,e.tem#er 7, ""3
(AC/,: Smart contends that its telecenter in Davao
City is exemt from ayment of franchise tax to the
City! on the follo"ing gro#nds$ %a& the iss#ance of its
franchise #nder '( 72)4 sho"s the clear legislative
intent to exemt it from '( 7160* %+& Section 137
of '( 7160 can only aly to exemtions already
existing at the time of its effectivity and not to f#t#re
exemtions* %c& the o"er of the City of Davao to
imose a franchise tax is s#+,ect to stat#tory
limitations s#ch as the -in lieu of all taxes.* and %d&
the imosition of franchise tax +y the City of Davao
"o#ld amo#nt to a violation of the constit#tional
rovision against imairment of contracts/
0,,-): 5hether S;art is eDe;pt fro; pa<;ent of
Franchise TaDC
R-L0NG: !urisprudence su==ests that aside fro;
the national franchise taD& tAe :rancAi9ee i9 9till
lia#le to .ay tAe local :rancAi9e taC& unless it is
eDpressl< and uneAuivocall< eDe;pted fro; the
pa<;ent thereof under its le=islative franchise.
The -in lieu of all taxes. cla#ses in a legislative
franchise sho#ld categorically state that the
exemtion alies to +oth local and national taxes/
Section 6. Share in .ational TaDes
6imentel v. A%uirre, ''6 ,CRA "! ;"""<
Page 0 of 20
FACTS: T+,S ,S A PET,T,O. FO* CE*T,O*A*, A.
P*O+,3,T,O. SEE9,.0 TO A.."# SECT,O. 1 OF
A-,.,ST*AT,/E O*E* .O. G)2& ,SS"E 3$
P*ES,E.T *A-OS& ,.SOFA* AS ,T *EK",*ES
#OCA# 0O/E*.-E.T ".,TS TO *E"CE T+E,*
E4PE.,T"*ES 3$ 2%T OF T+E,* A"T+O*,8E
*E0"#A* APP*OP*,AT,O.S FO* .O.7PE*SO.A#
SE*/,CES A. TO E.!O,. *ESPO.E.TS F*O-
,-P#E-E.T,.0 SECT,O. : OF T+E O*E*& 5+,C+
5,T++O#S 10T OF T+E,* ,.TE*.A# *E/E."E
A##OT-E.TS.
,SS"E: 5Q. T+E A-,.,ST*AT,/E O*E*
ATTE-PTS TO CO.T*O# #OCA# 0O/E*.-E.TS
A. TO E.C*OAC+ O. T+E,* A"TO.O-$.
+E#: SECT,O. 1 CA. 3E *EA AS -E*E#$
A/,SO*$ A. T+E*EFO*E CA..OT 3E
P*OSC*,3E AS A. ATTE-PT TO E4E*C,SE
CO.T*O# O/E* #OCA# 0O/E*.-E.TSL SECT,O.
:& +O5E/E*& ,S J,. CO.T*A/E.T,O. OF SEC 2(6
OF #0C A. SEC 6& A*T 4 OF T+E CO.ST,T"T,O.&
P*O/,,.0 FO* T+E A"TO-AT,C *E#EASE TO
EAC+ OF T+ESE ".,TS ,TS S+A*E ,. T+E .AT,O.A#
,.TE*.A# *E/E."E.U
6RO50NC) O( BA/ANGA, 5. )X)C-/05)
,)CR)/AR*, GR NO. !5773, $A* 7, ""3
(AC/,7 ,n 1''(& then President Estrada issued EO
.o. :( establishin= the Jpro=ra; for devolution
ad@ust;ent and eAualiHationR to enhance the
capabilities of #0"s in the dischar=e of the
functions and services devolved to the; throu=h
the #ocal =overn;ent code 1#0C2. The oversi=ht
co;;ittee under eDecutive secretar< ronaldo
Ha;ora passed resolutions no. Ocd7''700%& ocd7''7
006 and ocd7''700G ?hich ?ere approved b< pres.
Estrada on October 6& 1'''. The =uidelines
for;ulated b< the oversi=ht co;;ittee reAuired
the #0"s to identif< the pro@ects eli=ible for fundin=
under the portion of l=sef and sub;it the pro@ect
proposals and other reAuire;ents to the ,#0 for
appraisal before the co;;ittee serves notice to
the Department of Budget and Management %3-2
for the subseAuent release of the correspondin=
funds. +on. +er;inaldo ;andanas& =overnor of
batan=as& petitioned to declare unconstitutional
and void certain provisos contained in the General
Appropriations Acts 10AAS2 of 1'''& 2000& and
2001& insofar as the< unifor;l< ear;arEed for each
correspondin= <ear the a;ount of p%billion for the
Internal Revenue Allotment 1,*A2 for the Local
Government Service Equalization Fund 1#0SEF2 S
i;posed conditions for the release thereof.
0,,-)7 5hether the assailed provisos in the 0AAS
of 1'''& 2000& and 2001& and the Ocd resolutions
infrin=e the constitution and the #0C of 1''1.
8)L+7 $es. The assailed provisos in the 0AAS of
1'''& 2000& and 2001& and the Ocd resolutions
constitute a J?ithholdin=R of a portion of the ,*A O
the< ePectivel< encroach on the Bscal autono;<
en@o<ed b< #0"S and ;ust be strucE do?n. The
entire process involvin= the distribution S release
of the #0SEF is constitutionall< i;per;issible. The
#0SEF is part of the ,*A or J@ust shareR of the
#0"S in the national taDes. Sec.6& Art.4 of the
constitution ;andates that the J@ust share shall
be auto;aticall< released to the #0"S. Since the
release is auto;atic& the #0"S arenIt reAuired to
perfor; an< act to receive the J@ust shareR O it
shall be released to the; J?ithout need of further
actionJ. To sub@ect its distribution S release to the
va=aries of the i;ple;entin= rules S re=ulations
as sanctioned b< the assailed provisos in the 0AAS
of 1'''72001 and the Ocd resolutions ?ould
violate this constitutional ;andate.
Alternative Center v. >amora, GR No. !3356,
June &, ""5
FACTS: O. A"0"ST 22& 2000& A ."-3E* OF .O.7
0O/E*.-E.TA# O*0A.,8AT,O.S 1.0OS2&
PEOP#EIS O*0A.,8AT,O.& A. T+*EE 3A*A.0A$
OFF,C,A#S F,#E A PET,T,O. FO* CE*T,O*A*,
A0A,.ST *ESPO.E.TS C+A##E.0,.0 T+E
CO.ST,T"T,O.A#,T$ OF SPEC,A# P*O/,S,O. 1 A.
:& PA*T,C"#A*#$ T+E&".P*O0*A--E F".S
FO". ,. T+E 0AA OF 2000. PET,T,O.E*S
CO.TE. T+AT S"C+: 1.2 /,O#ATES T+E
A"TO.O-$ OF #OCA# 0O/E*.-E.TS 3$
*E"C,.0 3$ P10 3,##,O. F*O- T+E ,.TE*.A#
*E/E."E A##OT-E.T 1,*A2 "E TO #OCA#
0O/E*.-E.TS 3$ P#AC,.0 S"C+ ".E*
".P*O0*A--E F".SL 2.2 P#ACES T+E
CO.T*O# OF S"C+ F".S TO CE.T*A#
A"T+O*,T,ESL G.2 CO.ST,T"TES "."E
E#E0AT,O. OF #E0,S#AT,/E PO5E* TO
*ESPO.E.TS :.2 CO.ST,T"TES A. A-E.-E.T
OF T+E #OCA# 0O/E*.-E.T COE OF 1''1 %.2
".E*-,.ES T+E FO".AT,O. OF O"* #OCA#
0O/E*.A.CE S$STE- 6.2 T*A.S0*ESSES T+E
CO.ST,T"T,O. A. T+E #OCA# 0O/E*.-E.T
COEIS P*O+,3,T,O. O. A.$ ,./A#, *E"CT,O.
A. 5,T++O#,.0 OF T+E #OCA# 0O/E*.-E.TIS
,*A.
,SS"E: 5+ET+E* O* .OT SPEC,A# P*O/,S,O. 1
A. : OF 0AA FO* T+E $EA* 2000 ,S
".CO.ST,T"T,O.A#
+E#: AS T+E CO.ST,T"T,O. #A$S "PO. T+E
E4EC"T,/E T+E "T$ TO A"TO-AT,CA##$
*E#EASE T+E !"ST S+A*E OF #OCA#
0O/E*.-E.TS ,. T+E .AT,O.A# TA4ES& SO ,T
E.!O,.S T+E #E0,S#AT"*E .OT TO PASS #A5S
T+AT -,0+T P*E/E.T T+E E4EC"T,/E F*O-
PE*FO*-,.0 T+,S "T$. TO +O# T+AT T+E
Page ) of 20
E4EC"T,/E 3*A.C+ -A$ ,S*E0A*
CO.ST,T"T,O.A# P*O/,S,O.S 5+,C+ EF,.E ,TS
"T,ES& P*O/,E T+AT ,T +AS T+E 3AC9,.0 OF
STAT"TE& ,S /,*T"A##$ TO -A9E T+E
CO.ST,T"T,O. A-E.A3#E 3$ STAT"TE O A
P*OPOS,T,O. 5+,C+ ,S PATE.T#$ A3S"*.
-O*EO/E*& ,F ,T 5E*E T+E ,.TE.T OF T+E
F*A-E*S TO A##O5 T+E E.ACT-E.T OF
STAT"TES -A9,.0 T+E *E#EASE OF ,*A
CO.,T,O.A# ,.STEA OF A"TO-AT,C& T+E.
A*T,C#E 4& SECT,O. 6 OF T+E CO.ST,T"T,O.
5O"# +A/E 3EE. 5O*E TO SA$ VS+A## 3E
WA"TO-AT,CA##$X *E#EASE TO T+E- AS
P*O/,E 3$ #A5.U
Lea%ue o: Citie9 v. CO$)L)C Au%u9t 3, "!"
FACTS: O. .O/E-3E* 1(& 200(& T+E S"P*E-E
CO"*T E. 3A.C ST*"C9 O5. T+E S"3!ECT OF
16 C,T$+OO #A5S FO* /,O#AT,.0 SECT,O. 10&
A*T,C#E 4 OF T+E 1'() CO.ST,T"T,O. A. T+E
EK"A# P*OTECT,O. C#A"SE. O. -A*C+ G1&
200'& T+E S"P*E-E CO"*T E.,E
*ESPO.E.TIS F,*ST -OT,O. FO*
*ECO.S,E*AT,O.. O. AP*,# 2(& 200'& T+E
S"P*E-E CO"*T E.,E *ESPO.E.TIS SECO.
-OT,O. FO* *ECO.S,E*AT,O.. ACCO*,.0#$&
T+E .O/E-3E* 1( EC,S,O. 3ECA-E F,.A# A.
E4EC"TO*$. +O5E/E*& T+E CO"*T E. 3A.C&
".P*ECEE.TE#$ *E/E*SE T+E .O/E-3E* 1(
EC,S,O. 3$ "P+O#,.0 T+E CO.ST,T"T,O.A#,T$
OF T+E C,T$+OO #A5S ,. ,TS ECE-3E* 21&
200' EC,S,O..
,SS"E: 5+ET+E* O* .OT T+E 16 C,T$+OO #A5S
,S CO.ST,T"T,O.A#
+E#: T+E CO"*T +E# T+AT T+E 16 C,T$+OO
#A5S ,S ".CO.ST,T"T,O.A#& STAT,.0 T+AT
SECT,O. 10& A*T,C#E 4 OF T+E CO.ST,T"T,O.
E4P*ESS#$ P*O/,ES T+AT J.O 444 C,T$ S+A##
3E C*EATE 444 E4CEPT ,. ACCO*A.CE 5,T+
T+E C*,TE*,A ESTA3#,S+E ,. T+E #OCA#
0O/E*.-E.T COE. T+,S P*O/,S,O. CA. O.#$
3E ,.TE*P*ETE ,. O.E 5A$& T+AT ,S& A## T+E
C*,TE*,A FO* T+E C*EAT,O. OF C,T,ES -"ST 3E
E-3O,E E4C#"S,/E#$ ,. T+E #OCA#
0O/E*.-E.T COE. ,F T+E C*,TE*,A ,.
C*EAT,.0 #0"S A*E .OT ".,FO*- A.
,SC*,-,.ATO*$& T+E*E CA. 3E .O FA,* A.
!"ST ,ST*,3"T,O. OF T+E .AT,O.A# TA4ES TO
#0"S. T+E ".CO.ST,T"T,O.A#,T$ OF T+E
C,T$+OO #A5S #,ES ,. T+E FACT T+AT
CO.0*ESS P*O/,E A. E4E-PT,O. CO.T*A*$
TO T+E E4P*ESS #A.0"A0E OF T+E
CO.ST,T"T,O.. ,. OT+E* 5O*S& CO.0*ESS
E4CEEE A. A3"SE ,TS #A57 -A9,.0 PO5E*&
*E.E*,.0 T+E C+A##E.0E C,T$+OO #A5
/O, FO* 3E,.0 /,O#AT,/E OF T+E
CO.ST,T"T,O..
Section ). EAuitable Share in the .ational 5ealth
Section (. Ter; of #ocal O>cials
BorDa v. CO$)L)C, 95 ,CRA !57
FACTS: !OSE T. CAPCO& !*. 5AS E#ECTE /,CE
-A$O* OF PATE*OS O. !A."A*$ 1(& 1'(( FO* A
TE*- E.,.0 !".E G0& 1''2. O. SEPTE-3E* 2&
1'('& +E 3ECA-E -A$O* "PO. T+E EAT+ OF
T+E ,.C"-3E.T& CESA* 3O*!A. O. -A$ 11& 1''2&
+E *A. A. 5AS E#ECTE -A$O* FO* A TE*- OF
T+*EE $EA*S 5+,C+ E.E O. !".E G0& 1''%.
O. -A$ (& 1''%& +E 5AS *E7E#ECTE -A$O* FO*
A.OT+E* TE*- OF T+*EE $EA*S E.,.0 !"#$ G0&
1''(. O. -A*C+ 2)& 1''(& CAPCO F,#E A
CE*T,F,CATE OF CA.,AC$ FO* -A$O* OF
PATE*OS *E#AT,/E TO T+E -A$ 11& 1''(
E#ECT,O.S. PET,T,O.E* 3E.!A-,. 3O*!A& !*.& 5+O
5AS A#SO A CA.,ATE FO* -A$O*& SO"0+T
CAPCOIS ,SK"A#,F,CAT,O. O. T+E T+EO*$ T+AT
T+E #ATTE* 5O"# A#*EA$ +A/E SE*/E AS
-A$O* FO* T+*EE CO.SEC"T,/E TE*-S 3$ !".E
G0& 1''( A. 5O"# T+E*EAFTE* 3E ,.E#,0,3#E
TO SE*/E FO* A.OT+E* TE*- AFTE* T+AT. T+E
CO-E#EC *"#E ,. FA/O* OF CAPCO SA$,.0 T+AT
J,. 3OT+ T+E CO.ST,T"T,O. A. T+E #OCA#
0O/E*.-E.T COE& T+E T+*EE7TE*- #,-,TAT,O.
*EFE*S TO T+E TE*- OF OFF,CE FO* 5+,C+ T+E
#OCA# OFF,C,A# 5AS E#ECTE. ,T -AE .O
*EFE*E.CE TO S"CCESS,O. TO A. OFF,CE TO
5+,C+ +E 5AS .OT E#ECTE.R CAPCO 5O. ,.
T+E E#ECT,O.S A0A,.ST 3O*!A.
,SS"E: 5+ET+E* A /,CE7-A$O* 5+O S"CCEES
TO T+E OFF,CE OF -A$O* 3$ OPE*AT,O. OF #A5
A. SE*/ES T+E *E-A,.E* OF T+E TE*- ,S
CO.S,E*E TO +A/E SE*/E A TE*- ,. T+AT
OFF,CE FO* T+E P"*POSE OF T+E T+*EE7TE*-
#,-,T
+E#: T+E CO"*T *"#E ,. FA/O* OF CAPCO. T+E
TE*- SE*/E -"ST T+E*EFO*E 3E O.E FO*
5+,C+ T+E OFF,C,A# CO.CE*.E 5AS E#ECTE.
,F +E ,S .OT SE*/,.0 A TE*- FO* 5+,C+ +E 5AS
E#ECTE 3ECA"SE +E ,S S,-P#$ CO.T,.",.0 T+E
SE*/,CE OF T+E OFF,C,A# +E S"CCEES& S"C+
OFF,C,A# CA..OT 3E CO.S,E*E TO +A/E F"##$
SE*/E T+E TE*- .OT5,T+STA.,.0 +,S
/O#".TA*$ *E.".C,AT,O. OF OFF,CE P*,O* TO
,TS E4P,*AT,O.. T+E*E ,S A ,FFE*E.CE 3ET5EE.
T+E CASE OF A /,CE7-A$O* A. T+AT OF A
-E-3E* OF T+E +O"SE OF *EP*ESE.TAT,/ES
5+O S"CCEES A.OT+E* 5+O ,ES& *ES,0.S&
3ECO-ES ,.CAPAC,TATE& O* ,S *E-O/E F*O-
OFF,CE. T+E /,CE7-A$O* S"CCEES TO T+E
-A$O*S+,P 3$ OPE*AT,O. OF #A5. O. T+E OT+E*
+A.& T+E *EP*ESE.TAT,/E ,S E#ECTE TO F,##
T+E /ACA.C$. ,. A *EA# SE.SE& T+E*EFO*E&
Page 10 of 20
S"C+ *EP*ESE.TAT,/E SE*/ES A TE*- FO*
5+,C+ +E 5AS E#ECTE. TO CO.S,E* CAPCO TO
+A/E SE*/E T+E F,*ST TE*- ,. F"## 15+E. +E
S"CCEEE T+E -A$O*S+,P "PO. E-,SE OF
CESA* 3O*!A2 A. T+E*EFO*E ,.E#,0,3#E TO
*". A T+,* T,-E FO* *E7E#ECT,O. 5O"# 3E
.OT O.#$ TO FA#S,F$ *EA#,T$ 3"T A#SO TO
"."#$ *EST*,CT T+E *,0+T OF T+E PEOP#E TO
C+OOSE 5+O- T+E$ 5,S+ TO 0O/E*. T+E-.
+E.CE& T+E PET,T,O. 5AS ,S-,SSE.
Lo=anida v. CO$)L)C, GR No. !'5!5", July
&, !999
FACTS: PET,T,O.E* #O.8A.,A 5AS "#$
E#ECTE A. SE*/E T5O CO.SEC"T,/E TE*-S
AS -".,C,PA# -A$O* OF 8A-3A#ES P*,O* TO T+E
-A$ 1''% E#ECT,O.S. ,. T+E -A$ 1''%
E#ECT,O.S& +E *A. A. 5AS P*OC#A,-E
-A$O*. +,S P*OC#A-AT,O. +O5E/E* 5AS
CO.TESTE 3$ +,S OPPO.E.T& A#/E8. ,. 1'')&
T+E *TC OF 8A-3A#ES EC#A*E A FA,#"*E OF
E#ECT,O.S. AFTE* *E/,S,O. A. *E7
APP*EC,AT,O. OF T+E CO.TESTE 3A##OTS&
CO-E#EC EC#A*E A#/E8 5,..E* A.
O*E*E PET,T,O.E* TO /ACATE T+E POST. ,.
-A$ 1''(& #O.8A.,A A0A,. *A. FO* -A$O*
A. +,S OPPO.E.T F,#E A PET,T,O. TO
,SK"A#,F$ +,- O. T+E 0*O". T+AT +E +A
SE*/E T+*EE CO.SEC"T,/E TE*-S ,. T+E SA-E
POST.
,SS"E: 5Q. PET,T,O.E* #O.8A.,AIS
ASS"-PT,O. OF OFF,CE AS -A$O* OF 8A-3A#ES
F*O- 1''% TO -A$ 1''( -A$ 3E CO.S,E*E AS
SE*/,CE OF O.E F"## TE*- FO* T+E P"*POSE OF
APP#$,.0 T+E T+*EE7TE*- #,-,T FO* E#ECT,/E
#OCA# 0O/E*.-E.T OFF,CE*S.
+E#: .O. SECT,O. ( OF A*T,C#E 4 OF T+E
CO.ST,T"T,O. P*O/,ES T+AT& JT+E TE*- OF
OFF,CE OF E#ECT,/E OFF,C,A#S& E4CEPT 3A*A.0A$
OFF,C,A#S& 5+,C+ S+A## 3E ETE*-,.E 3$ #A5
S+A## 3E T+*EE $EA*S A. .O S"C+ OFF,C,A#S
S+A## SE*/E FO* -O*E T+A. T+*EE
CO.SEC"T,/E TE*-S. /O#".TA*$ *E.".C,AT,O.
OF T+E OFF,CE FO* A.$ #E.0T+ OF T,-E S+A##
.OT 3E CO.S,E*E AS A. ,.TE**"PT,O. ,. T+E
CO.T,.",T$ OF +,S SE*/,CE FO* T+E F"## TE*-
FO* 5+,C+ +E 5AS E#ECTE. T+E PET,T,O.E*
CA..OT 3E EE-E TO +A/E SE*/E T+E -A$
1''% TO 1''( TE*- 3ECA"SE +E 5AS O*E*E
TO /ACATE +,S POST 3EFO*E T+E E4P,*AT,O. OF
T+E TE*-.
Adormeo v. CO$)L)C, GR No. !3797,
(e#ruary 3, ""
FACTS: *A-O. TA#A0A& !*. SE*/E AS -A$O* OF
#"CE.A C,T$ "*,.0 TE*-S 1''271''% A.
1''%71''(. "*,.0 T+E 1''( E#ECT,O.S& TA#A0A
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3EFO*E TA0A*AOIS 1''(72001 TE*- E.E& A
*ECA## E#ECT,O.5AS CO."CTE ,. -A$ 2000
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5+E. TA#A0A *A. FO* -A$O* ,. 2001& +,S
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5AS A ,S*"PT,O. 5+E. +E 5AS EFEATE ,.
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2000 *ECA## E#ECT,O. ,S .OT A CO.T,."AT,O.
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,ocrate9 v. CO$)L)C, '9! ,CRA 357 ;""<
FACTS: +A0EO*. +A 3EE. E#ECTE A.
SE*/E AS -A$O* OF P"E*TO P*,.CESA C,T$ FO*
T+*EECO.SEC"T,/E TE*-S: ,. 1''271''%& 1''%7
1''( A. 1''(72001. O3/,O"S#$ A5A*E OF T+E
T+*EE7TE*- #,-,T P*,.C,P#E& +A0EO*. OPTE
.OT TO /,E FO* T+E SA-E -A$O*A#T$ POS,T,O.
,. T+E 2001 E#ECT,O.S& ,. 5+,C+SOC*ATES *A.
A. E/E.T"A##$ 5O.. +O5E/E*& -,5A$ ,.TO
+,S TE*-& SOC*ATES FACE *ECA##
P*OCEE,.0S A. ,. T+E *ECA## E#ECT,O.
+E#& +A0EO*. *". FO* T+E FO*-E*IS
".E4P,*E TE*- AS -A$O*. SOC*ATES SO"0+T
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T+*EE7TE*- #,-,T *"#E.
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".E* T+E T+*EE7TE*- #,-,T *"#E
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O. !".E G0& 2001& +E 3ECA-E A P*,/ATE C,T,8E.
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2002 5+E. +E 5O. 3$ G&01( /OTES O/E* +,S
C#OSEST OPPO.E.T& SOC*ATES. F*O- !".E G0&
Page 11 of 20
2001 ".T,# T+E *ECA## E#ECT,O. O. SEPTE-3E*
2:& 2002& T+E -A$O* OF P"E*TO P*,.CESA 5AS
SOC*ATES. "*,.0 T+E SA-E PE*,O& +A0EO*.
5AS S,-P#$ A P*,/ATE C,T,8E.. T+,S PE*,O ,S
C#EA*#$ A. ,.TE**"PT,O. ,. T+E CO.T,.",T$ OF
+A0EO*.IS SE*/,CE AS -A$O*& .OT 3ECA"SE
OF +,S /O#".TA*$ *E.".C,AT,O.& 3"T 3ECA"SE
OF A #E0A# P*O+,3,T,O.. T+ESE CO.ST,T"T,O.A#
A. STAT"TO*$ P*O/,S,O.S +A/E T5O PA*TS.
T+E F,*ST PA*T P*O/,ES T+AT A. E#ECT,/E
#OCA# OFF,C,A# CA..OT SE*/E FO* -O*E T+A.
T+*EE CO.SEC"T,/E TE*-S. T+E C#EA* ,.TE.T
,S T+AT O.#$ CO.SEC"T,/E TE*-S CO".T ,.
ETE*-,.,.0 T+E T+*EE7 YTE*- #,-,T *"#E. T+E
SECO. PA*T STATES T+AT /O#".TA*$
*E.".C,AT,O. OF OFF,CE FO* A.$ #E.0T+ OF
T,-E OES .OT ,.TE**"PT T+E CO.T,.",T$ OF
SE*/,CE. T+E C#EA* ,.TE.T ,S T+AT ,./O#".TA*$
SE/E*A.CE F*O- OFF,CE FO* A.$ #E.0T+ OF
T,-E ,.TE**"PTS CO.T,.",T$ OF SE*/,CE A.
P*E/E.TS T+E SE*/,CE 3EFO*E A. AFTE* T+E
,.TE**"PT,O. F*O- 3E,.0 !O,.E TO0ET+E* TO
FO*- A CO.T,."O"S SE*/,CE O* CO.SEC"T,/E
TE*-S.
Lata9a v. CO$)L)C, GR No. !53&9, +ec. !",
""'
+avid v. CO$)L)C, 7! ,CRA 9" ;!997<
FACTS: A/,& ,. +,S CAPAC,T$ AS 3A*A.0A$
C+A,*-A. A. AS P*ES,E.T OF T+E #,0A .0
-0A 3A*A.0A$ SA P,#,P,.AS& F,#E APET,T,O. TO
P*O+,3,T T+E +O#,.0 OF T+E 3A*A.0A$
E#ECT,O. SC+E"#E O. T+E SECO. -O.A$
OF -A$ 1'').-EA.5+,#E& #,0A .0 -0A
3A*A.0A$ K"E8O. C,T$ C+APTE* A#SO F,#E A
PET,T,O. TO SEE9 A !",C,A# *E/,E5
3$CE*T,O*A*,TO EC#A*E AS
".CO.ST,T"T,O.A#: 112 SECT,O. :G1C2 OF *.A.
)160L 122 CO-E#EC *ESO#"T,O. .OS. 2((0 A.
2(()F,4,.0 T+E ATE OF T+E +O#,.0 OF T+E
3A*A.0A$ E#ECT,O.S O. -A$ 12& 1'') A.
OT+E* ACT,/,T,ES *E#ATE T+E*ETOL A.&1G2
T+E 3"0ETA*$ APP*OP*,AT,O. OF P:00 -,##,O.
CO.TA,.E ,. *EP"3#,C ACT .O. (2%0 10E.E*A#
APP*OP*,AT,O.SACT OF 1'')2 ,.TE.E TO
EF*A$ T+E COSTS A. E4PE.SES ,. +O#,.0
T+E 1'') 3A*A.0A$ E#ECT,O.S. PET,T,O.E*S
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OFF,CE OF 3A*A.0A$ OFF,C,A#S ,S % $EA*S.
A#T+O"0+ T+E #0C*E"CE T+E TE*- OF
OFF,CE OF A## #OCA# E#ECT,/E OFF,C,A#S TO
T+*EE $EA*S& S"C+ *E"CT,O. OES .OT APP#$
TO 3A*A.0A$OFF,C,A#S.
,SS"ES: 5+,C+ #A5 0O/E*.S T+E TE*- OF
OFF,CE OF 3A*A.0A$ OFF,C,A#S: *A )160 O* *A
66)'. ,S *A )160 ,. SO FA* AS ,T S+O*TE.E
S"C+ TE*- TO O.#$ T+*EE $EA*S
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#A5S T+AT SPEC,F,CA##$ APP#,ES TO #OCA#
0O/E*.-E.T ".,TS. ,T SPEC,F,CA##$ A.
EF,.,T,/E#$ P*O/,ES ,. ,TS SEC. :G7C T+AT
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3A*A.0A$ OFF,C,A#S 5+O 5E*E E#ECTE O.
T+E SECO. -O.A$ OF -A$1'':. 5,T+ S"C+
PA*T,C"#A*,T$& T+E P*O/,S,O. CA..OT 3E
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F,4,.0 A.$ TE*- OF OFF,CE FO* 3A*A.0A$
OFF,C,A#S. ,T -E*E#$ #EFT T+E ETE*-,.AT,O.
OF S"C+ TE*- TO T+E #A57-A9,.0 3O$&
5,T+O"T A.$ SPEC,F,C #,-,TAT,O. O*
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-A9E*S F"## ,SC*ET,O. TO F,4 S"C+ TE*- ,.
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SE*/,CE. ,T -"ST 3E *E-E-3E*E T+AT E/E*$
#A5 +AS ,. ,TS FA/O* T+E P*ES"-PT,O. OF
CO.ST,T"T,O.A#,T$. T+E PET,T,O.E*S +A/E
-,SE*A3#$ FA,#E TO ,SC+A*0E T+,S 3"*E.
A. TO S+O5 C#EA*#$ T+E
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CO.ST,T"T,O.A# CO--,SS,O. O. +O5 #O.0 T+E
TE*- OF 3A*A.0A$ OFF,C,A#S ,S:JAS -A$ 3E
ETE*-,.E 3$ #A5RL -O*E P*EC,SE#$& JAS
P*O/,E FO* ,. T+E #OCA# A"TO.O-$ COE
1SEC :G7C #,-,TS T+E,* TE*- TO G $EA*S2.R
Rivera v. CO$)L)C 1 5' ,CRA 3!
$onte#on v. CO$)L)C, 55! ,CRA 5"
FACTS: -O.TE3O. +A 3EE. E#ECTE FO*
T+*EE CO.SEC"T,/E TE*-S AS -".,C,PA#
CO".C,#O* OF T"3"*A.& CE3" ,. 1''(72001&
20017200:& A. 200:7200). +O5E/E*& ,.
!A."A*$ 200:& O* "*,.0 +,S SECO. TE*-&
-O.TE3O. S"CCEEE A. ASS"-E T+E
POS,T,O. OF /,CE7-A$O* OF T"3"*A. 5+E. T+E
,.C"-3E.T /,CE7 -A$O* *ET,*E. 5+E.
-O.TE3O. F,#E +,S CE*T,F,CATE OF CA.,AC$
A0A,.AS -".,C,PA# CO".C,#O*& A PET,T,O. FO*
,SK"A#,F,CAT,O. 5AS F,#E A0A,.ST +,- 3ASE
O. T+E T+*EE7TE*- #,-,T *"#E.
,SS"E: 5O. T+E P*,/ATE *ESPO.E.TSI
ASS"-PT,O. OF T+E /,CE7Y-A$O* OFF,CE& 3$
/,*T"E OF S"CCESS,O.& CA. 3E CO.S,E*E AS
A. EFFECT,/E ,S*"PT,O. ,. +,S F"## SE*/,CE OF
+,S SECO. TE*- AS CO".C,#O*.
+E#: $ES. 5+,#E ,T ,S ".,SP"TE T+AT
*ESPO.E.T 5AS E#ECTE -".,C,PA#
CO".C,#O* FO* T+*EE CO.SEC"T,/E TE*-S& T+E
,SS"E #,ES O. 5+ET+E* +E ,S EE-E TO +A/E
Page 12 of 20
F"##$ SE*/E +,S SECO. TE*- ,. /,E5 OF +,S
ASS"-PT,O. OF OFF,CE AS /,CE7-A$O* OF
T"3"*A. O. !A."A*$ 12& 200:. S"CCESS,O. ,.
#OCA# 0O/E*.-E.T OFF,CES ,S 3$ OPE*AT,O. OF
#A5. T+E CO"*T *"#E T+AT -O.TE3O.IS
ASS"-PT,O. OF OFF,CE AS /,CE7-A$O* ,.
!A."A*$ 200: 5AS A. ,.TE**"PT,O. OF +,S
CO.T,.",T$ OF SE*/,CE AS CO".C,#O*. T+E
CO"*T E-P+AS,8E T+AT S"CCESS,O. ,. #OCA#
0O/E*.-E.T OFF,CE ,S 3$ OPE*AT,O. OF #A5
A. AS S"C+& ,T ,S A. ,./O#".TA*$ SE/E*A.CE
F*O- OFF,CE. S,.CE T+E #A5 .O #ESS A##O5E
-O.TE3O. TO /ACATE +,S POST AS CO".C,#O* ,.
O*E* TO ASS"-E OFF,CE AS /,CE7-A$O*& +,S
OCC"PAT,O. OF T+E +,0+E* OFF,CE CA..OT&
5,T+O"T -O*E& 3E EE-E AS A /O#".TA*$
*E.".C,AT,O. OF +,S POS,T,O. AS CO".C,#O*.
(RANC0, ONG v. JO,)68 AL)GR) , G.R. No.
!6'95 , January ', ""6
(AC/,: Ale=re Bled the petition to disAualif< On=
?hich ?as predicated on the three7consecutive
ter; rule. On= ?as proclai;ed ?inner. Ale=re
Bled an election protest. *TC declared Ale=re as
the dul< elected ;a<or but the decision ca;e out
onl< ?hen On= had full< served ter;.
0,,-): Should the ter; be counted for the
purpose of G ter; li;itC
R-L0NG: *),. 1he decision declaring him not
elected is of no ractical conse2#ences +eca#se he
has already served. +e ?as ;a<or for the entire
period not?ithstandin= the decision in the electoral
protest case oustin= hi; as the -a<or& such
circu;stance does not constitute an interruption in
servin= the full ter;.
Laceda v. Lumena 1 GR !&&67, Novem#er
5, ""&
+0>ON 5. CO$)L)C, GR NO. !&"&&, JAN-AR*
'", ""9
(AC/,7 *oberto l. iHon& Bled a case ?ith the
co;elec to disAualif< ;arino p. -orales& the
incu;bent ;a<or of ;abalacat on the =round that
the latter ?as elected and had full< served three
previous consecutive ter;s in violation of section
:G of the local =overn;ent code. iHon alle=ed
that ;orales ?as ;unicipal ;a<or in 1''%& 1''(&
2001 and 200:. -orales& on the other hand&
contended that he is still eli=ible and AualiBed to
run as ;a<or of ;abalacat because he ?as not
elected for the said position in the 1''( elections.
+e averred that the co;elec en banc a>r;ed the
decision of the rtc declarin= anthon< d. ee as the
dul< elected ;a<or of ;abalacat in the 1''(
elections. Thus& he ?as not elected for the said
position in the 1''( elections. +is ter; should be
recEoned fro; 2001. +e added that his election in
200: is onl< for his second ter;.
iHon Bled a ;otion for reconsideration before the
co;elec en banc. Co;elec en banc: a>r;ed. The
three7Yter; li;it is not applicable here for: 12
;orales ?as not the dul<7Yelected ;a<or of
;abalacat for the @ul< 1& 200: to @une G0& 200)
ter; pri;ordiall< because he ?as not even
considered a candidate thereatL and 22 ;orales
has failed to serve the entire duration of the ter;
of o>ce because he has alread< relinAuished the
disputed o>ce on ;a< 16& 200) ?hich is ;ore
than a ;onth prior to the end of his supposed
ter;.
0,,-)7 5on the period served b< ;orales in the
200:7Y200) ter; 1althou=h he ?as ousted fro;
his o>ce as ;a<or on ;a<16& 200)2 should be
considered his fourth ter;.
8)L+7 .o. ,n our decision pro;ul=ated on ' ;a<
200)& this court unseated ;orales durin= his fourth
ter;. 5e cancelled his certiBcate of candidac<
dated G0 ece;ber 200G. This cancellation
disAualiBed ;orales fro; bein= a candidate in the
-a< 200: elections. The votes cast for ;orales
?ere considered stra< votes. 5e found that
;orales ?as elected as ;a<or of ;abalacat for
four consecutive ter;s: 1 !ul< 1''% to G0 !une
1''(& 1 !ul< 1''( to G0 !une 2001& 1 !ul< 2001 to
G0 !une 200:& and 1 !ul< 200: to G0 !une 200). 5e
disAualiBed ;orales fro; his candidac< in the -a<
200: elections because of the three7ter; li;it.
Althou=h the trial court previousl< ruled that
;orales procla;ation for the 1''(72001 ter; ?as
void& there ?as no interruption of the continuit< of
;orales service ?ith respect to the 1''(72001
ter; because the trial courtIs rulin= ?as
pro;ul=ated onl< on : !ul< 2001& or after the
eDpir< of the 1''(72001 ter;.
Al#oin v. CO$)L)C, GR No. !&3&'6,
+ecem#er ', ""9
FACTS: 5,#F*EO F. AS,#O 1AS,#O2 5AS E#ECTE
CO".C,#O* OF #"CE.A C,T$ FO* T+*EE
CO.SEC"T,/E TE*-S: FO* T+E 1''(72001& 20017
200:& A. 200:7200) TE*-S& *ESPECT,/E#$. ,.
SEPTE-3E* 200% O* "*,.0 +,S 200:7200) TE*-
OF OFF,CE& T+E SA.,0A.3A$A. P*E/E.T,/E#$
S"SPE.E +,- FO* '0 A$S ,. *E#AT,O. 5,T+ A
C*,-,.A# CASE +E T+E. FACE. T+,S CO"*T&
+O5E/E*& S"3SEK"E.T#$ #,FTE T+E
SA.,0A.3A$A.IS S"SPE.S,O. O*E*L +E.CE&
+E *ES"-E PE*FO*-,.0 T+E F".CT,O.S OF +,S
OFF,CE A. F,.,S+E +,S TE*-. ,. T+E 200)
E#ECT,O.& AS,#O F,#E +,S CA.,AC$ FO* T+E
SA-E POS,T,O.. PET,T,O.E*S SO"0+T TO E.$
"E CO"*SE TO AS,#OIS CA.,AC$ O* TO
Page 13 of 20
CA.CE# ,T O. T+E 0*O". T+AT +E +A 3EE.
E#ECTE A. +A SE*/E FO* T+*EE TE*-S.
T+E CO-E#EC 2. ,/,S,O. *"#E A0A,.ST
PET,T,O.E*S A. ,. AS,#OIS FA/O"* *EASO.,.0
T+AT T+E T+*EE7TE*- #,-,T *"#E , .OT APP#$&
AS AS,#O FA,#E TO *E.E* CO-P#ETE SE*/,CE
F*O- 200:7200) 3ECA"SE OF T+E S"SPE.S,O.
T+E SA.,0A.3A$A. +A O*E*E.
,SS"E: 5Q. P*E/E.T,/E S"SPE.S,O. OF A.
E#ECTE #OCA# OFF,C,A# ,S A. ,.TE**"PT,O. OF
T+E T+*EE7TE*- #,-,T.
+E#: PET,T,O. ,S -E*,TO*,O"S. AS 5O*E&
T+E CO.ST,T"T,O.A# P*O/,S,O. F,4ES T+E TE*-
OF A #OCA# E#ECT,/E OFF,CE A. #,-,TS A.
E#ECT,/E OFF,C,A#IS STA$ ,. OFF,CE TO .O -O*E
T+A. T+*EE CO.SEC"T,/E TE*-S. T+,S ,S T+E
F,*ST 3*A.C+ OF T+E *"#E E-3O,E ,.
SECT,O. (& A*T,C#E 4. S,0.,F,CA.T#$L T+,S
P*O/,S,O. *EFE*S TO A JTE*-R AS A PE*,O OF
T,-E O T+*EE $EA*S O "*,.0 5+,C+ A. OFF,C,A#
CA. SE*/E. T+E P*E/E.T,/E S"SPE.S,O. OF A
#OCA# E#ECT,/E OFF,C,A# OES .OT ,.TE**"PT
+,S TE*- FO* P"*POSES OF CO-P"T,.0 T+E
T+*EE7TE*- #,-,T.
Bolo9 v. CO$)L)C 1 5&! ,CRA 7&6 2""94
Aldovino v. CO$)L)C 1 6"9 ,CRA '3 2""94
+atu $icAel A#a9 Eida v. ,enate o: tAe
6Aili..ine9, GR !967!, (e#ruary "!
Section '. Sectoral *epresentatives
,u.an%an Jr. v. ,anto9, GR No. &366, Au%u9t
3, !99"
FACTS: PET,T,O.E* S"PA.0A.5AS E#ECTE 93
C+A,*-A. OF -A3,.,& PA.0AS,.A. A. 5AS
E#ECTE 93 P*O/,.C,A# FEE*AT,O. P*ES,E.T
OF T+E P*O/,.CE OF PA.0AS,.A.. PET,T,O.E*
5AS APPO,.TE 3$ P*ES,E.T -A*COS AS
-E-3E* OF T+E SA.00".,A.0 PA.#A#A5,0A.
OF PA.0AS,.A. *EP*ESE.T,.0 T+E $O"T+
SECTO*. *ESPO.E.T O-A.TA$ P*ESE.TE A
#ETTE* 5*,TTE. 3$ *ESPO.E.T SEC*ETA*$
SA.TOS A/,S,.0 T+E 3O$ T+AT *ESPO.E.T
O-A.TA$ +AS 3EE. .A-E AS -E-3E*
T+E*EOF TO *EP#ACE S"PA.0A.. PET,T,O.E*
CO.TE.S T+AT SEC*ETA*$ SA.TOS +A. .O
A"T+O*,T$ ,. APPO,.T,.0 O-A.TA$& 3ECA"SE
T+E #ATTE* ,S .OT K"A#,F,E.
,SS"E: 5+ET+E* O* .OT T+E T+E APPO,.T-E.T
OF O-A.TA$ 3$ T+E SEC SA.TOS& *EP#AC,.0
S"PA.0A. ,S /A#,.
+E#: S"PA.0A.& +A/,.0 A## T+E
K"A#,F,CAT,O.S& 5AS APPO,.TE 3$ T+E
P*ES,E.T TO +,S POS,T,O.. O-A.TA$& .OT
+A/,.0 T+E K"A#,F,CAT,O.S& 5+O 5AS
APPO,.TE 3$ SEC. SA.TOS ,S .OT /A#,.
P*ES,E.T ,S T+E O.E 5+O -A9ES
APPO,.T-E.TS FO* SECTO*A# *EP*ESE.TAT,/ES.
SEC. OF #OCA# 0O/E*.-E.T CA. O.#$ ,.FO*-
T+E SECTO*A# *EP*ESE.TAT,/ES T+E,*
APPO,.T-E.TS
Section 10. Creation& Abolition& Chan=e of
3oundaries
/an v. CO$)L)C, !3 ,CRA 77 ;!9&6<
FACTS: T+,S CASE 5AS P*O-PTE 3$ T+E
E.ACT-E.T OF 3ATAS PA-3A.SA 3#0. ((%& A.
ACT C*EAT,.0 A .E5 P*O/,.CE ,. T+E ,S#A. OF
.E0*OS TO 3E 9.O5. AS T+E P*O/,.CE OF
.E0*OS E# .O*TE& EFFECT,/E EC. G& 1'(%.
1C,T,ES OF S,#A$& CA,8 A. SA. CA*#OS A.
T+E -".,C,PA#,T,ES OF CA#AT*A/A& TA3OSO&
ESCA#A.TE& SA0A$& -A.AP#A& /,CTO*,AS& E.*.
-A0A#O.A& A. SA#/AO* 3E.E,CTO
P*OPOSE TO 3E#O.0 TO T+E .E5 P*O/,.CE2.
P"*S"A.T TO A. ,. ,-P#E-E.TAT,O. OF T+,S
#A5& T+E CO-E#EC SC+E"#E A P#E3,SC,TE FO*
!A."A*$ G& 1'(6. PET,T,O.E*S OPPOSE& F,#,.0 A
CASE FO* P*O+,3,T,O. A. CO.TE.,.0 T+AT
T+E 3.P. ((% ,S ".CO.ST,T"T,O.A# A. .OT ,.
CO-P#ETE ACCO* 5,T+ T+E #OCA#
0O/E*.-E.T COE 3ECA"SE: 1. T+E /OTE*S OF
T+E PA*E.T P*O/,.CE OF .E0*OS OCC,E.TA#&
OT+E* T+A. T+OSE #,/,.0 5,T+,. T+E
TE**,TO*$ OF T+E .E5 P*O/,.CE OF .E0*OS
E# .O*TE& 5E*E .OT ,.C#"E ,. T+E
P#E3,SC,TE. 2. T+E A*EA 5+,C+ 5O"#
CO-P*,SE T+E .E5 P*O/,.CE OF .E0*OS E#
.O*TE 5O"# O.#$ 3E A3O"T 2&(%6.%6 SK. 9-.&
5+,C+ ,S #ESSE* T+A. T+E -,.,-"- A*EA
P*ESC*,3E 3$ T+E 0O/E*.,.0 STAT"TE& SEC.
1') OF #0C.
,SS"E: 5Q. T+E P#E3,SC,TE 5AS #E0A# A.
CO-P#,E 5,T+ T+E CO.ST,T"T,O.A# *EK",S,TE
".E* A*T,C#E 4,& SEC G OF T+E 1')G
CO.ST,T"T,O. 5+,C+ STATES T+AT O J.O
P*O/,.CE& C,T$& -".,C,PA#,T$ O* 3A**,O -A$ 3E
C*EATE& ,/,E& -E*0E& A3O#,S+E& O* ,TS
3O".A*$ S"3STA.T,A##$ A#TE*E E4CEPT ,.
ACCO*A.CE 5,T+ T+E C*,TE*,A ESTA3#,S+E ,.
T+E #0C& A. S"3!ECT TO T+E APP*O/A# 3$ A
-A!O*,T$ OF T+E /OTES ,. A P#E3,SC,TE ,. T+E
".,T O* ".,TS AFFECTE.
+E#: .O. 5+E.E/E* A P*O/,.CE ,S C*EATE&
,/,E O* -E*0E A. T+E*E ,S S"3STA.T,A#
A#TE*AT,O. OF T+E 3O".A*,ES& JT+E
APP*O/A# OF A -A!O*,T$ OF /OTES ,. T+E
Page 14 of 20
P#E3,SC,TE ,. T+E ".,T O* ".,TS AFFECTER
-"ST F,*ST 3E O3TA,.E. T+E C*EAT,O. OF T+E
P*OPOSE .E5 P*O/,.CE OF .E0*OS E# .O*TE
5,## .ECESSA*,#$ *ES"#T ,. T+E ,/,S,O. A.
A#TE*AT,O. OF T+E E4,ST,.0 3O".A*,ES OF
.E0*OS OCC,E.TA#. P#A,. A. S,-P#E #O0,C
5,## E-O.ST*ATE T+AT T5O PO#,T,CA# ".,TS
5O"# 3E AFFECTE. T+E F,*ST 5O"# 3E T+E
PA*E.T P*O/,.CE OF .E0*OS OCC,E.TA#
3ECA"SE ,TS 3O".A*,ES 5O"# 3E
S"3STA.T,A##$ A#TE*E. T+E OT+E* AFFECTE
E.T,T$ 5O"# 3E CO-POSE OF T+OSE ,. T+E
A*EA S"3T*ACTE F*O- T+E -OT+E* P*O/,.CE
TO CO.ST,T"TE T+E P*OPOSE P*O/,.CE OF
.E0*OS E# .O*TE.T+E *E-A,.,.0 PO*T,O. OF
T+E PA*E.T P*O/,.CE ,S AS -"C+ A. A*EA
AFFECTE. T+E S"3STA.T,A# A#TE*AT,O. OF T+E
3O".A*,ES OF T+E PA*E.T P*O/,.CE& .OT TO
-E.T,O. T+E A/E*SE ECO.O-,C EFFECTS ,T
-,0+T S"FFE*& E#OK"E.T#$ A*0"E T+E PO,.TS
*A,SE 3$ T+E PET,T,O.E*S.R
/o#ia9 v. A#alo9 1 '9 ,CRA !"6 2!9934
;mete9 and #ound9<
$un. o: Jimene= v. Jud%e Ba= 1 65 ,CRA !&
2!9964;de Dure cor.oration<
CaBalin% v. CO$)L)C 1 GR!36'!9, Octo#er
6, ""!
Lea%ue o: Citie9 o: tAe 6Aili..ine9 v.
CO$)L)C, GR !7695!, Nov. 9, ""&
FACTS: "*,.0 T+E 12T+ CO.0*ESS& *A '00'
5AS E.ACTE A-E.,.0 SEC :%0 OF T+E #0C 3$
,.C*EAS,.0 T+E A.."A# ,.CO-E *EK",*E-E.T
FO* CO./E*S,O. OF A -".,C,PA#,T$ ,.TO A C,T$.
AFTE* T+E EFFECT,/,T$ OF SA, ACT& T+E +O"SE
OF *EP*ESE.TAT,/ES AOPTE !O,.T *ESO#"T,O.
.O. 2' 5+,C+ SO"0+T TO E4E-PT F*O- T+E
,.CO-E *EK",*E-E.T OF *A '00' T+E 2:
-".,C,PA#,T,ES 5+OSE C,T$+OO 3,##S 5E*E
.OT APP*O/E ,. T+E 11T+ CO.0*ESS.
+O5E/E*& T+E SE.ATE FA,#E TO APP*O/E T+E
!O,.T *ESO#"T,O.. FO##O5,.0 T+E A/,CE OF
SE.. P,-E.TE#& 16 -".,C,PA#,T,ES F,#E
T+*O"0+ T+E,* *ESPECT,/E SPO.SO*S&
,.,/,"A# C,T$+OO 3,##S& 5+,C+ CO.TA,.E
SA-E P*O/,S,O. E4E-PT,.0 A## 16
-".,C,PA#,T,ES F*O- T+E ,.CO-E *EK",*E-E.T.
T+E 3,##S 5E*E APP*O/E 3$ T+E +O"SE OF
*EP*ESE.TAT,/E A. SE.ATE 5+,C+ T+E.
#APSE TO C,T$+OO #A5S 5,T+O"T T+E
P*ES,E.TIS S,0.AT"*E. T+E C,T$+OO #A5S
,*ECT T+E CO-E#EC TO +O# P#E3,SC,TE TO
ETE*-,.E 5+ET+E* T+E /OTE*S ,. EAC+
*ESPO.E.T -".,C,PA#,T$ APP*O/E T+E
CO./E*S,O..
,SS"E: 5Q. T+E C,T$+OO #A5S /,O#ATE
SECT,O. 10 OF A*T,C#E 4 OF T+E CO.ST,T"T,O..
+E#: T+E C,T$+OO #A5S ,S
".CO.ST,T"T,O.A#. T+E CO.ST,T"T,O.
*EK",*ES T+AT CO.0*ESS S+A## P*ESC*,3E A##
T+E C*,TE*,A FO* T+E C*EAT,O. OF A C,T$ ,. T+E
#OCA# 0O/E*.-E.T COE A. .OT ,. A.$
OT+E* #A5& ,.C#",.0 ,T$+OO #A5S. T+E
C*,TE*,A P*ESC*,3E ,. SEC :%0 OF T+E #OCA#
0O/E*.-E.T COE& AS A-E.E 3$ *A '00'
A*E C#EA*& P#A,.& A. ".A-3,0"O"S& .EE,.0
.O *ESO*T TO A.$ STAT"TO*$ CO.ST*"CT,O..
T+E ,.TE.T OF -E-3E*S OF T+E 11T+ CO.0*ESS
TO E4E-PT CE*TA,. -".,C,PA#,T,ES F*O- T+E
CO/E*A0E OF *A '00' *E-A,.E A. ,.TE.T A.
5AS .E/E* 5*,TTE. ,.TO SECT,O. :%0 OF T+E
#OCA# 0O/E*.-E.T COE. #AST#$& E/E. ,F T+E
E4E-PT,O. ,. T+E C,T$+OO #A5S 5E*E
5*,TTE. ,. SECT,O. :%0 OF T+E #OCA#
0O/E*.-E.T COE& T+E E4E-PT,O. 5O"#
ST,## 3E ".CO.ST,T"T,O.A# FO* /,O#AT,O. OF
T+E EK"A# P*OTECT,O. C#A"SE.
BA0 ,AN+RA ,)$A v. CO$$0,,0ON ON
)L)C/0ON, G.R. No. !77597 July !6, ""&
(AC/,: The Province of -a=uindanao is part of
A*--. A la? 1*A '0%:2 ?as passed a;endin=
A*--Fs Or=anic Act and vestin= it ?ith po?er to
create provinces& ;unicipalities& cities and
baran=a<s. Pursuant to this la?& the A*--
*e=ional Asse;bl< created ShariP 9abunsuan
?hich co;prised of the ;unicipalities of the
1st district of -a=uindanao ?ith the eDception of
Cotabato Cit<.
0,,-): 5hether A*-- can create validl< #0"sC
R-L0NG: The creation of local =overn;ent units is
=overned b< Section 10& Article 4 of the
Constitution& Con=ress can dele=ate to local
le=islative bodies the po?er to create local
=overn;ent units& sub@ect to reasonable standards
and provided no conZict arises ?ith an< provision
of the Constitution. ,n fact& Con=ress has dele=ated
to provincial boards& and cit< and ;unicipal
councils& the po?er to create baran=a<s ?ithin
their @urisdiction& sub@ect to co;pliance ?ith the
criteria established in the #ocal 0overn;ent Code&
and the plebiscite reAuire;ent in Section 10&
Article 4 of the Constitution. +ence& AR$$
cannot validly create ,AariF Ea#un9uan
.rovince.
Camid v. OGce o: tAe 6re9ident, GR No.
!6!3!3, January !7, ""5
FACTS: T+E -".,C,PA#,T$ OF A.O.0& #A.AO E#
S"*& ,S A TO5. T+AT ,S .OT S"PPOSE TO E4,ST
Page 15 of 20
$ET ,S ACT"A##$ ,.S,STE 3$ SO-E AS A#,/E A.
T+*,/,.0. T+E C*EAT,O. OF T+E P"TAT,/E
-".,C,PA#,T$ 5AS EC#A*E /O, A3 ,.,T,O 3$
T+E S"P*E-E CO"*T FO"* ECAES A0O& 3"T
T+E P*ESE.T PET,T,O. ,.S,STS T+AT A.O.0
T+*,/ES O. A.& +E.CE& ,TIS #E0A#
PE*SO.A#,T$ S+O"# 3E 0,/E. !",C,A#
AFF,*-AT,O..T+E. P*ES,E.T ,OSAO
-ACAPA0A# ,SS"E SE/E*A# E4EC"T,/E O*E*S
C*EAT,.0 GG -".,C,PA#,T,ES ,. -,.A.AO C,T,.0
+,S PO5E*S ".E* SEC.6( OF T+E *E/,SE
A-,.. COE. T+E. /P E--A."E# PE#AE8 F,#E
A SPEC,A# C,/,# ACT,O. FO* A 5*,T OF
P*O+,3,T,O. A##E0,.0 T+AT T+E EOS 5E*E ."##
A. /O,& SEC. 6( +A/,.0 3EE. *EPEA#E 3$ *A
2G)0& A. SA, O*E*S CO.ST,T"T,.0 A.
"."E E#E0AT,O. OF #E0,S#AT,/E PO5E*.
AFTE* "E E#,3E*AT,O.& T+E SC *"#E T+AT
T+E C+A##E.0E EOS 5E*E ."## A. /O,
S,.CE SEC. 6( OF T+E *E/,SE A-,.. COE ,
.OT -EET T+E 5E##7SETT#E *EK",*E-E.TS
FO* A /A#, E#E0AT,O. OF #E0,S#AT,/E PO5E*
TO T+E E4EC"T,/E 3*A.C+. A-O.0 T+E EOS
A.."##E 5AS EO 10) 5+,C+ C*EATE T+E
-".,C,PA#,T$ OF A.O.0. PET,T,O.E*
*EP*ESE.TS +,-SE#F AS A C"**E.T *ES,E.T OF
A.O.0 A. A##E0E T+AT A.O.0 J+AS
-ETA-O*P+OSE ,.TO A F"##73#O5.
-".,C,PA#,T$ 5,T+ A CO-P#ETE SET OF OFF,C,A#S
APPO,.TE TO +A.#E ESSE.T,A# SE*/,CES FO*
T+E -".,C,PA#,T$ A. ,TS CO.ST,T"E.TS&R
ESP,TE T+E FACT T+AT .O PE*SO. +AS 3EE.
APPO,.TE& E#ECTE O* K"A#,F,E TO SE*/E
A.$ OF T+E #OCA# 0O/E*.-E.T OFF,CES OF
A.O.0 S,.CE 1'6(.
,SS"E: 5+ET+E* T+E !",C,A# A.."#-E.T OF
T+E -".,C,PA#,T$ OF A.O.0 CO.T,."ES
ESP,TE T+E PET,T,O.E*IS A##E0AT,O. T+AT
A.O.0 +AS T+*,/E ,.TO A F"##73#O5.
-".,C,PA#,T$
+E#: -".,C,PA# CO*PO*AT,O.S -A$ E4,ST 3$
P*ESC*,PT,O. 5+E*E ,T ,S S+O5. T+AT T+E
CO--".,T$ +AS C#A,-E A. E4E*C,SE
CO*PO*ATE F".CT,O.S 5,T+ T+E 9.O5#E0E
A. ACK",ESCE.CE OF T+E #E0,S#AT"*E& A.
5,T+O"T ,.TE**"PT,O. O* O3!ECT,O. FO*
PE*,O #O.0 E.O"0+ TO AFFO* T,T#E 3$
P*ESC*,PT,O.. T+E K"EST,O. AS TO 5+ET+E* A
-".,C,PA#,T$ P*E/,O"S#$ A.."##E 3$ T+E
S"P*E-E CO"*T -A$ ATTA,. *ECO0.,T,O. ,. T+E
A3SE.CE OF A.$ C"*AT,/EQ*E7,-P#E-E.T,.0
STAT"TE +AS .E/E* 3EE. EC,E 3EFO*E. T+E
EFFECT OF SEC. ::212 OF T+E #OCA#
0O/E*.-E.T COE O. -".,C,PA#,T,ES S"C+ AS
A.O.0 5A**A.TS E4P#A.AT,O.. SEC. ::212
OF T+E #0C OES .OT SE*/E TO
AFF,*-Q*ECO.ST,T"TE T+E !",C,A##$ ,SSO#/E
-".,C,PA#,T,ES 5+,C+ +A 3EE. P*E/,O"S#$
C*EATE 3$ P*ES,E.T,A# ,SS"A.CESQEOS. T+E
P*O/,S,O.S O.#$ AFF,*-S T+E #E0A#
PE*SO.A#,T,ES OF T+OSE -".,C,PA#,T,ES 5+,C+
-A$ +A/E 3EE. C*EATE "S,.0 T+E SA-E ,.F,*-
#E0A# 3AS,S& $ET 5E*E FO*T".ATE E.O"0+ .OT
TO +A/E 3EE. !",C,A##$ A.."##E.
NA5ARRO 5. )X)C-/05) ,)CR)/AR*, GR NO.
!&""5", ()BR-AR* !", "!"
(AC/,7 This is petition for certiorari under rule 6%
of the rules of court seeEin= to nullif< republic act
1*.A.2 no. 'G%%& other?ise Eno?n as an act creatin=
the province of dina=at islands& for bein=
unconstitutional. 5hen the dina=at islands ?as
proclai;ed a ne? province on dece;ber G& 2006& it
had an o>cial population of onl< 106&'%1 based on
the 2000 census of population conducted b< the
national statistics o>ce 1.SO2. Clearl< the
population is short of the statutor< reAuire;ent of
2%0&000 inhabitants. -oreover& the land area of
the province failed to co;pl< ?ith the statutor<
reAuire;ent of 2&000 sAuare Eilo;eters. Petitioners
alle=e that the creation of the dina=at islands as a
ne? province& if uncorrected& perpetuates an ille=al
act of con=ress.
0,,-)7 5hether or not *A 'G%% co;plied ?ith the
constitution and statutor< reAuire;ents of the local
=overn;ent code of 1''1.
8)L+7 The court ruled that *A 'G%% is declared
unconstitutional. The procla;ation of the province
of dina=at islands and the election of the o>cials
thereof are declared null and void. The provision in
article ' 122 of the rules and re=ulations
i;ple;entin= the local =overn;ent code of 1''1
statin=& Mthe land area reAuire;ent shall not appl<
?here the proposed province is co;posed of one
112 or ;ore islands&M is declared null and void.
Section 11. -etropolitan Political Subdivisions
$$+A v. Bel?Air 5illa%e A99ociation A99oc.,
GR No. !'596, $arcA 7, """
FACTS: *ESPO.E.T *ECE,/E A #ETTE* OF
*EK"EST F*O- PET,T,O.E* TO OPE. .EPT".E
ST*EET OF 3E#7A,* /,##A0E FO* T+E "SE OF
P"3#,C. T+E SA, OPE.,.0 OF .EPT".E ST*EET
5,## 3E FO* T+E SAFE A. CO./E.,E.T
-O/E-E.T OF PE*SO.S A. TO *E0"#ATE T+E
F#O5 OF T*AFF,C ,. -A9AT, C,T$. T+,S 5AS
P"*S"A.T TO --A #A5 O* *EP"3#,C ACT .O.
)'2:. O. T+E SA-E A$& T+E *ESPO.E.T 5AS
APP*A,SE T+AT T+E PE*,-ETE* 5A##
SEPA*AT,.0 T+E S"3,/,S,O. A. 9A#A$AA.
A/E."E 5O"# 3E E-O#,S+E. *ESPO.E.T
C#A,-E T+AT T+E --A +A .O A"T+O*,T$ TO
O SO A. T+E #O5E* CO"*T EC,E ,. FA/O*
Page 16 of 20
OF T+E *ESPO.E.T. PET,T,O.E* APPEA#E T+E
EC,S,O. OF T+E #O5E* CO"*TS A. C#A,-E
T+AT ,T +AS T+E A"T+O*,T$ TO OPE. .EPT".E
ST*EET TO P"3#,C T*AFF,C 3ECA"SE ,T ,S A.
A0E.T OF T+E STATE T+AT CA. P*ACT,CE PO#,CE
PO5E* ,. T+E E#,/E*$ OF 3AS,C SE*/,CES ,.
-ET*O -A.,#A.
,SS"E: 5+ET+E* O* .OT T+E --A +AS T+E
-A.ATE TO OPE. .EPT".E ST*EET TO P"3#,C
T*AFF,C P"*S"A.T TO ,TS *E0"#ATO*$ A.
PO#,CE PO5E*S
+E#: T+E CO"*T +E# T+AT T+E --A OES
.OT +A/E T+E CAPAC,T$ TO E4E*C,SE PO#,CE
PO5E*. PO#,CE PO5E* ,S P*,-A*,#$ #O0E ,.
T+E .AT,O.A# #E0,S#AT"*E. +O5E/E*& PO#,CE
PO5E* -A$ 3E E#E0ATE TO 0O/E*.-E.T
".,TS. PET,T,O.E* +E*E,. ,S A E/E#OP-E.T
A"T+O*,T$ A. .OT A PO#,T,CA# 0O/E*.-E.T
".,T. T+E*EFO*E& T+E --A CA..OT E4E*C,SE
PO#,CE PO5E* 3ECA"SE ,T CA..OT 3E
E#E0ATE TO T+E-. ,T ,S .OT A #E0,S#AT,/E
".,T OF T+E 0O/E*.-E.T. *EP"3#,C ACT .O.
)'2: OES .OT E-PO5E* T+E --A TO E.ACT
O*,.A.CES& APP*O/E *ESO#"T,O.S A.
APP*OP*,ATE F".S FO* T+E 0E.E*A# 5E#FA*E
OF T+E ,.+A3,TA.TS OF -A.,#A. T+E*E ,S .O
S$##A3#E ,. T+E SA, ACT T+AT 0*A.TS --A
PO#,CE PO5E*. ,T ,S A. A0E.C$ C*EATE FO*
T+E P"*POSE OF #A$,.0 O5. PO#,C,ES A.
COO*,.AT,.0 5,T+ /A*,O"S .AT,O.A#
0O/E*.-E.T A0E.C,ES& PEOP#EIS
O*0A.,8AT,O.S& .O.70O/E*.-E.TA#
O*0A.,8AT,O.S A. T+E P*,/ATE SECTO* FO*
T+E EFF,C,E.T A. E4PE,T,O"S E#,/E*$ OF
3AS,C SE*/,CES ,. T+E /AST -ET*OPO#,TA.
A*EA.
$$+A v. Garin, GR No. !'"'", A.ril !5,
""5
FACTS: *ESPO.E.T 0A*,. 5AS ,SS"E A
T*AFF,C /,O#AT,O. *ECE,PT 1T/*2 A. +,S
*,/E*IS #,CE.SE 5AS CO.F,SCATE FO*
PA*9,.0 ,##E0A##$. 0A*,. 5*OTE TO T+E. --A
C+A,*-A. P*OSPE*O O*ETA *EK"EST,.0 T+E
*ET"*. OF +,S #,CE.SE A. E4P*ESSE +,S
P*EFE*E.CE FO* +,S CASE TO 3E F,#E ,. CO"*T.
5,T+O"T A. ,--E,ATE *EP#$ F*O- T+E
C+A,*-A.& 0A*,. F,#E FO* A P*E#,-,.A*$
,.!".CT,O. ASSA,#,.0 A-O.0 OT+E*S T+AT SEC
% 1F2 OF *A )'2: /,O#ATES T+E CO.ST,T"T,O.A#
P*O+,3,T,O. A0A,.ST "."E E#E0AT,O. OF
#E0,S#AT,/E A"T+O*,T$& A##O5,.0 --A TO F,4
A. ,-POSE ".SPEC,F,E A. ".#,-,TE F,.ES
A. PE.A#T,ES. *TC *"#E ,. +,S FA/O*&
,*ECT,.0 --A TO *ET"*. +,S #,CE.SE A.
FO* T+E A"T+O*,T$ TO ES,ST F*O-
CO.F,SCAT,.0 *,/E*IS #,CE.SE 5,T+O"T F,*ST
0,/,.0 T+E *,/E* T+E OPPO*T".,T$ TO 3E
+EA* ,. A. APP*OP*,ATE P*OCEE,.0.
,SS"E: 5+ET+E* OF .OT SEC %1F2 OF *A )'2:
5+,C+ A"T+O*,8ES --A TO CO.F,SCATE A.
S"SPE. O* *E/O9E *,/E*IS #,CE.SE ,. T+E
E.FO*CE-E.T OF T*AFF,C *"#ES A.
*E0"#AT,O.S CO.ST,T"T,O.A#
+E#: T+E --A ,S .OT /ESTE 5,T+ PO#,CE
PO5E*. ,T 5AS CO.C#"E T+AT --A ,S .OT A
#OCA# 0O/E*.-E.T ".,T OF A P"3#,C
CO*PO*AT,O. E.O5E 5,T+ #E0,S#AT,/E
PO5E* A. ,T +AS .O PO5E* TO E.ACT
O*,.A.CES FO* T+E 5E#FA*E OF T+E
CO--".,T$. T+E*E ,S .O P*O/,S,O. ,. *A )'2:
T+AT E-PO5E*S --A O* ,TS CO".C,# TO
JE.ACT O*,.A.CE& APP*O/E *ESO#"T,O.S
A. APP*OP*,ATE F".S FO* T+E 0E.E*A#
5E#FA*E OF T+E ,.+A3,TA.TS OF -ET*O
-A.,#A.R ,T ,S A. A0E.C$ C*EATE FO* T+E
P"*POSE OF #A$,.0 O5. PO#,C,ES A.
COO*,.AT,.0 5,T+ T+E /A*,O"S .AT,O.A#
0O/E*.-E.T A0E.C,ES& PEOP#EIS
O*0A.,8AT,O.S& .0OS A. P*,/ATE SECTO* FO*
T+E EFF,C,E.T A. E4PE,T,O"S E#,/E*$ OF
SE*/,CES. A## ,TS F".CT,O.S A*E
A-,.,ST*AT,/E ,. .AT"*E.
Gancayco v. City Government o: Hue=on City,
65& ,CRA &5'
FACTS: T+E --A T+E. SE.T A .OT,CE OF
E-O#,T,O. TO !"ST,CE 0A.CA$CO A##E0,.0
T+AT A PO*T,O. OF +,S 3",#,.0 /,O#ATE T+E
.AT,O.A# 3",#,.0 COE OF T+E P+,#,PP,.ES ,.
*E#AT,O. TO O*,.A.CE .O. 2'0:. +E , .OT
CO-P#$ 5,T+ T+E .OT,CE. T+E#-A T+E.
P*OCEEE TO E-O#,S+ T+E PA*T$ 5A## OF
T+E 0*O". F#OO* ST*"CT"*E. T+E C,T$
0O/E*.-E.T OF K"E8O. C,T$ C#A,-E T+AT
T+E O*,.A.CE 5AS A /A#, E4E*C,SE OF
PO#,CE PO5E*& *E0"#AT,.0 T+E "SE OF
P*OPE*T$ ,. A 3"S,.ESS 8O.E. !"ST,CE
0A.CA$CO F,#E A PET,T,O. 5,T+ P*A$E* FO* A
TE-PO*A*$ *EST*A,.,.0 O*E* A.QO* 5*,T
OF P*E#,-,.A*$ ,.!".CT,O.. T+E *TC *"#E
T+AT T+E O*,.A.CE 5AS ".CO.ST,T"T,O.A#.
T+E CO"*T OF APPEA#S *E/E*SE T+E *TCIS
EC,S,O. A. *"#E T+AT T+E O*,.A.CE 5AS
A /A#, E4E*C,SE OF T+E *,0+T OF T+E #OCA#
0O/E*.-E.T ".,T TO P*O-OTE T+E 0E.E*A#
5E#FA*E OF ,TS CO.ST,T"E.TS P"*S"A.T TO ,TS
PO#,CE PO5E*S.
,SS"E: , --A *ESO#"T,O. .O. 0272(& /A#,#$
E-PO5E* T+E --A TO E-O#,S+ !"ST,CE
0A.CA$COIS P*OPE*T$
Page 17 of 20
+E#: .O. T+E S"P*E-E CO"*T +E# T+AT T+E
PO5E* TO E.FO*CE T+E P*O/,S,O.S OF T+E
3",#,.0 COE 5AS #O0E ,. T+E EPA*T-E.T
OF P"3#,C 5O*9S A. +,0+5A$S& .OT ,. --A.
S,.CE T+E*E 5AS .O E/,E.CE T+AT T+E --A
+A 3EE. E#E0ATE 3$ T+E P5+ TO
,-P#E-E.T T+E 3",#,.0 COE& ,T .ECESSA*,#$
+A .O A"T+O*,T$ TO CA**$ O"T T+E
E-O#,T,O.. A,T,O.A##$& T+E PE.A#T$
P*ESC*,3E 3$ O*,.A.CE .O. 2'0: ,TSE#F
OES .OT ,.C#"E T+E E-O#,T,O. OF
,##E0A##$ CO.ST*"CTE 3",#,.0S ,. CASE OF
/,O#AT,O.S. ,.STEA& ,T -E*E#$ P*ESC*,3ES A
P".,S+-E.T OF A F,.E O* 3$ ,-P*,SO.-E.T& O*
3OT+& AT T+E ,SC*ET,O. OF T+E CO"*T. T+E
O*,.A.CE ,TSE#F C#EA*#$ STATES T+AT ,T ,S T+E
*E0"#A* CO"*TS T+AT 5,## ETE*-,.E
5+ET+E* T+E*E 5AS A /,O#AT,O. OF T+E
O*,.A.CE.
Section 12. +i=hl< "rbaniHed Cities& Co;ponent
Cities
A#ella v. CO$)L)C, GR No. !""7!",
,e.tem#er ', !99!
FACTS: A PET,T,O. 5AS F,#E A0A,.ST
#A**A8A3A# FO* ,SK"A#,F,CAT,O. F*O-
*"..,.0 AS 0O/E*.O* OF #E$TE O. T+E
0*O". T+AT S+E 5AS A *ES,E.T OF O*-OC
C,T$ A. .OT OF 9A.A.0A& #E$TE AS STATE ,.
+E* CE*T,F,CATE OF CA.,AC$. FA,#,.0 ,. +E*
CO.TE.T,O. T+AT S+E ,S A *ES,E.T A.
*E0,STE*E /OTE* OF 9A.A.0A& #E$TE& S+E
POSE A. A#TE*.AT,/E POS,T,O. T+AT +E* 3E,.0
A *E0,STE*E /OTE* ,. O*-OC C,T$ 5AS .O
,-PE,-E.T TO +E* CA.,AC$ FO* T+E
POS,T,O. OF 0O/E*.O* OF T+E P*O/,.CE OF
#E$TE. ".E* SEC. 12& A*T. 4 OF T+E
CO.ST,T"T,O.& O*-OC C,T$ ,S CO.S,E*E
,.EPE.E.T OF T+E P*O/,.CE OF #E$TE TO
5+,C+ ,T ,S 0EO0*AP+,CA##$ ATTAC+E 3ECA"SE
,TS C+A*TE* P*O+,3,TS ,TS /OTE*S F*O- /OT,.0
FO* T+E P*O/,.C,A# E#ECT,/E OFF,C,A#S.
#A**A8A3A# A*0"E T+AT S"C+ P*O+,3,T,O.
OES .OT E4TE. TO *"..,.0 FO* P*O/,.C,A#
OFF,CES.
,SS"E: 5+ET+E* O* .OT T+E P*O+,3,T,O.
A0A,.ST T+E C,T$NS *E0,STE*E /OTE*S
E#ECT,.0 T+E P*O/,.C,A# OFF,C,A#S
.ECESSA*,#$ -EA. A P*O+,3,T,O. OF T+ESE
*E0,STE*E /OTE*S TO 3E E#ECTE AS
P*O/,.C,A# OFF,C,A#S.
+E#: ,T OES. T+,S ,.EPE.E.CE F*O- T+E
P*O/,.CE STATE ,. SEC. 12 OF A*T. 4 CA**,ES
5,T+ ,T T+E P*O+,3,T,O. O* -A.ATE ,*ECTE
TO T+E,* *E0,STE*E /OTE*S .OT TO /OTE A.
3E /OTE FO* T+E P*O/,.C,A# E#ECT,/E
OFF,CES.
Section 1G. #ocal 0overn;ent "nits 0roupin=
The;selves
Section 1:. *e=ional evelop;ent Councils and
Other Si;ilar 3odies
6imentel v. OcAoa 1 676 ,CRA 55! 2"!4
Section 1%. Autono;ous *e=ions
+i9oman%co. v. ,ec. o: +6I8,GR !39&3&,
Nov. 5, ""3
A#a9 Eida v. ,enate o: tAe 6Aili..ine9, GR
No. !967!, Octo#er !&, "!!
FACTS: O. !".E G0& 2011& *EP"3#,C ACT 1*A2 .O.
101%G& E.T,T#E JA. ACT P*O/,,.0 FO* T+E
S$.C+*O.,8AT,O. OF T+E E#ECT,O.S ,. T+E
A"TO.O-O"S *E0,O. ,. -"S#,- -,.A.AO
1A*--2 5,T+ T+E .AT,O.A# A. #OCA#
E#ECT,O.S A. FO* OT+E* P"*POSESR 5AS
E.ACTE.T+E #A5 *ESET T+E A*-- E#ECT,O.S
F*O- T+E (T+ OF A"0"ST 2011& TO T+E SECO.
-O.A$ OF -A$ 201G A. E/E*$ T+*EE 1G2
$EA*S T+E*EAFTE*& TO CO,.C,E 5,T+ T+E
CO".T*$IS *E0"#A* .AT,O.A# A. #OCA#
E#ECT,O.S. T+E PET,T,O.E*S ASSA,#E T+E
CO.ST,T"T,O.A#,T$ OF *A .O. 101%G.
,SS"E: 5Q. *A 101%G /,O#ATES T+E A"TO.O-$
0*A.TE TO A*--.
+E#: .O. T+E #A5 ,S CO.ST,T"T,O.A#.T+E
CO.ST,T"T,O. ,S TO 3E ,.TE*P*ETE AS A
5+O#E A. O.E -A.ATE S+O"# .OT 3E
0,/E. ,-PO*TA.CE O/E* T+E OT+E* E4CEPT
5+E*E T+E P*,-AC$ OF O.E O/E* T+E OT+E* ,S
C#EA*.5+,#E A"TO.O-O"S *E0,O.S A*E
0*A.TE PO#,T,CA# A"TO.O-$& T+E F*A-E*S OF
T+E CO.ST,T"T,O. .E/E* EK"ATE A"TO.O-$
5,T+ ,.EPE.E.CE. T+E A*-- AS A *E0,O.A#
E.T,T$ T+"S CO.T,."ES TO OPE*ATE 5,T+,. T+E
#A*0E* F*A-E5O*9 OF T+E STATE A. ,S ST,##
S"3!ECT TO T+E .AT,O.A# PO#,C,ES SET 3$ T+E
.AT,O.A# 0O/E*.-E.T& SA/E O.#$ FO* T+OSE
SPEC,F,C A*EAS *ESE*/E 3$ T+E CO.ST,T"T,O.
FO* *E0,O.A# A"TO.O-O"S ETE*-,.AT,O..,.
OT+E* 5O*S& T+E A"TO.O-$ 0*A.TE TO T+E
A*-- CA..OT 3E ,./O9E TO EFEAT .AT,O.A#
PO#,C,ES A. CO.CE*.S. S,.CE T+E
S$.C+*O.,8AT,O. OF E#ECT,O.S ,S .OT !"ST A
*E0,O.A# CO.CE*. 3"T A .AT,O.A# O.E& T+E
A*-- ,S S"3!ECT TO ,TL T+E *E0,O.A#
A"TO.O-$ 0*A.TE TO T+E A*-- CA..OT 3E
"SE TO E4E-PT T+E *E0,O. F*O- +A/,.0 TO
Page 10 of 20
ACT ,. ACCO*A.CE 5,T+ A .AT,O.A# PO#,C$
-A.ATE 3$ .O #ESS T+A. T+E CO.ST,T"T,O..
Section 16. 0eneral Supervision of the President
A;patuan v. +on *onaldo Puno& 0* 1'02%'. 1)
!une 2011 1Procla;ation 1':6 and AOs and 2)G OA
do not violate the principle of local autono;<
under Section 16& Article 4 of the Constitution& and
Section 1 Article / of the EDpanded A*-- Or=anic
Act2
Eulayan v. /an 1 675 ,CRA 3& 2"!4
Section 1). Po?ers .ot /ested to the A*--
+atu $icAel A#a9 Eida v. ,enate o: tAe
6Aili..ine9, GR !967!, !& Octo#er "!!.
FACTS: O. !".E G0& 2011& *EP"3#,C ACT 1*A2 .O.
101%G& E.T,T#E JA. ACT P*O/,,.0 FO* T+E
S$.C+*O.,8AT,O. OF T+E E#ECT,O.S ,. T+E
A"TO.O-O"S *E0,O. ,. -"S#,- -,.A.AO
1A*--2 5,T+ T+E .AT,O.A# A. #OCA#
E#ECT,O.S A. FO* OT+E* P"*POSESR 5AS
E.ACTE.T+E #A5 *ESET T+E A*-- E#ECT,O.S
F*O- T+E (T+ OF A"0"ST 2011& TO T+E SECO.
-O.A$ OF -A$ 201G A. E/E*$ T+*EE 1G2
$EA*S T+E*EAFTE*& TO CO,.C,E 5,T+ T+E
CO".T*$IS *E0"#A* .AT,O.A# A. #OCA#
E#ECT,O.S. T+E PET,T,O.E*S ASSA,#E T+E
CO.ST,T"T,O.A#,T$ OF *A .O. 101%G.
,SS"E: 5Q. *A 101%G /,O#ATES T+E A"TO.O-$
0*A.TE TO A*--.
+E#: .O. T+E #A5 ,S CO.ST,T"T,O.A#.T+E
CO.ST,T"T,O. ,S TO 3E ,.TE*P*ETE AS A
5+O#E A. O.E -A.ATE S+O"# .OT 3E
0,/E. ,-PO*TA.CE O/E* T+E OT+E* E4CEPT
5+E*E T+E P*,-AC$ OF O.E O/E* T+E OT+E* ,S
C#EA*.5+,#E A"TO.O-O"S *E0,O.S A*E
0*A.TE PO#,T,CA# A"TO.O-$& T+E F*A-E*S OF
T+E CO.ST,T"T,O. .E/E* EK"ATE A"TO.O-$
5,T+ ,.EPE.E.CE. T+E A*-- AS A *E0,O.A#
E.T,T$ T+"S CO.T,."ES TO OPE*ATE 5,T+,. T+E
#A*0E* F*A-E5O*9 OF T+E STATE A. ,S ST,##
S"3!ECT TO T+E .AT,O.A# PO#,C,ES SET 3$ T+E
.AT,O.A# 0O/E*.-E.T& SA/E O.#$ FO* T+OSE
SPEC,F,C A*EAS *ESE*/E 3$ T+E CO.ST,T"T,O.
FO* *E0,O.A# A"TO.O-O"S ETE*-,.AT,O..,.
OT+E* 5O*S& T+E A"TO.O-$ 0*A.TE TO T+E
A*-- CA..OT 3E ,./O9E TO EFEAT .AT,O.A#
PO#,C,ES A. CO.CE*.S. S,.CE T+E
S$.C+*O.,8AT,O. OF E#ECT,O.S ,S .OT !"ST A
*E0,O.A# CO.CE*. 3"T A .AT,O.A# O.E& T+E
A*-- ,S S"3!ECT TO ,TL T+E *E0,O.A#
A"TO.O-$ 0*A.TE TO T+E A*-- CA..OT 3E
"SE TO E4E-PT T+E *E0,O. F*O- +A/,.0 TO
ACT ,. ACCO*A.CE 5,T+ A .AT,O.A# PO#,C$
-A.ATE 3$ .O #ESS T+A. T+E CO.ST,T"T,O..
Sections 1( and1'. Or=anic Act for Autono;ous
*e=ions
(0R+A-,0 0.*. ABBA,, et.al v. CO$$0,,0ON ON
)L)C/0ON,, et.al G.R. No. &965! Novem#er
!", !9&9
(AC/,: The le=alit< of *A 6)G:& the Or=anic Act of
-indanao& is challen=ed and the plebiscite called in
thirteen provinces of -indanao for the ratiBcation
of Or=anic Act is challen=ed for bein= ille=al in that
aspect as it violates the Tripoli A=ree;ent ?hich is
a valid ,nternational A=ree;ent.
0,,-): 5hether it is le=al or notC
R-L0NG: Even if the Tripoli A=ree;ent ?ere an
,nternational A=ree;ent& the fact ?ould not aPect
the validit< of the Or=anic Act. ,nternational
A=ree;ents as ,nternal #a? are on the sa;e le=al
level as statutes and ?hichever as bet?een the
t?o& ,nternational A=ree;ent or statute& co;es
later supersedes the other.
Ordillo9 v. CO$)L)C, !9 ,CRA !"" ;!99"<
FACTS: O. !A."A*$ G0& 1''0& A P#E3,SC,TE
5AS+E# ,. T+E CO*,##E*AS P"*S"A.T TO
*EP"3#,C ACT .O. 6)66 5+,C+ P*O/,E FO*
T+E O*0A.,C ACT FO* T+E CO*,##E*A
A-,.,ST*AT,/E *E0,O.. CO.SEK"E.T#$&
CO-E#EC ,SS"E *ESO#"T,O. .O. 22%'STAT,.0
T+AT T+E O*0A.,C ACT FO* T+E *E0,O. +AS
3EE. APP*O/E A. S"3SEK"E.T#$ *E,TE*ATE
,. A -E-O*A."- 3$ T+E SEC*ETA*$ OF !"ST,CE
TO T+E P*ES,E.T 5,T+ O.#$ T+E P*O/,.CE OF
,F"0AO CO-P*,S,.0 T+E *E0,O..
,SS"E: 5+ET+E* O* .OT T+E P*O/,.CE OF
,F"0AO& 3E,.0 T+E O.#$ P*O/,.CE 5+,C+ /OTE
FA/O*A3#$ FO* T+E C*EAT,O. OF T+E
CO*,##E*A A"TO.O-O"S *E0,O. CA.& A#O.E
#E0A##$ A. /A#,#$ CO.ST,T"TE S"C+ *E0,O..
+E#: .O. A*T,C#E 4& SECT,O. 1% OF T+E 1'()
CO.ST,T"T,O. CO..OTES T+AT A *E0,O.& AS ,.
T+E CASE OF T+E CO*,##E*A A-,.,ST*AT,/E
*E0,O.& S+A## CO.S,ST OF P*O/,.CES& C,T,ES&
-".,C,PA#,T,ES& A. 0EO0*AP+,CA# A*EAS& T+AT
,S& TO 3E -AE "P OF -O*E T+A. O.E
CO.ST,T"E.T ".,T. F"*T+E*-O*E& T+E A33AS
CASE ,S .OT APP#,CA3#E ,. T+E CASE AT 3A* FO*
,T #A, O5. T+E *"#E O. T+E -EA.,.0 OF
-A!O*,T$ ,. T+E P+*ASE M3$ -A!O*,T$ OF T+E
/OTES CAST 3$ T+E CO.ST,T"E.T ".,TS CA##E
Page 1) of 20
FO* T+E P"*POSEM FO". ,. T+E CO.ST,T"T,O.
A. .E/E* EA#T O. T+E ,SS"E O. 5+ET+E* A.
A"TO.O-O"S *E0,O. CO"# E4,ST ESP,TE T+E
FACT T+AT O.#$ O.E P*O/,.CE O* C,T$ ,S TO
CO.ST,T"TE ,T. -O*EO/E*& *A 6)66& T+E
O*0A.,C ACT 5+,C+ 5AS T+E S"3!ECT OF T+E
*EFE*E."-& CO.TA,.S ,TSE#F P*O/,S,O.S
5+,C+ CA. 3E ,-P#E-E.TE O.#$ ,F T+E .E5
PO#,T,CA# E.T,T$ 5O"# CO.S,ST OF -O*E T+A.
O.E P*O/,.CE
BA+-A 5. CBA, !93 ,CRA !"! ;!99!<
(AC/,7 !ul< 1'('& the petitioner spouses ?ere
forcibl< e@ected fro; the land b< virtue of a
MdecisionM of the ;aen= tribal court under the
cordillera bodon= ad;inistration in case no. O&
entitled Mdavid Aue;a vs. #eonor badua.Mthe case
ste;;ed fro; david Aue;a& respondent&
;ort=a=ed t?o parcels of land to dr.erotida valera
?ho; he redee;ed 22 <ears later throu=h her
heirs. The petitioners& on the other hand& clai;ed
that the said properties ?ere sold to her b< dr.
/alera but ?as unable to produce the titles to
prove the sa;e.
0,,-)7 5hether or not a tribal court of the
cordillera bodon= ad;inistration can render a valid
eDecutor decision in a land dispute
8)L+7 .o. ,n the plebiscite that ?as held on
!anuar< 2G& 1''0 pursuant to republic act 6)66&
the creation of the cordillera autono;ous re=ion
?as re@ected b< all the provinces and cit< of the
cordillera re=ion& eDcept ifu=ao province& hence&
the cordillera autono;ous re=ion did not co;e to
be. As a lo=ical conseAuence of that @udicial
declaration& the cordillera bodon= ad;inistration
created under section 1G of eDecutive order no.
220& the indi=enous and special courts for the
indi=enous cultural co;;unities of the cordillera
re=ion do not eDist.
AtitiB v. >amora, 37! ,CRA '9
Cordillera Broad Coalition v. COA, GR No.
&!7, Jan. 9, !99"
FACTS: T+E CO.ST,T"T,O.A#,T$ OF E4EC"T,/E
O*E* .O. 220& ATE !"#$ 1%& 1'()& 5+,C+
C*EATE T+E 1CO*,##E*A A-,.,ST*AT,/E
*E0,O.& ,S ASSA,#E O. T+E P*,-A*$ 0*O".
T+AT ,T P*E7E-PTS T+E E.ACT-E.T OF A.
O*0A.,C ACT 3$ T+E CO.0*ESS A. T+E
C*EAT,O. OFN T+E A"TO.O-O"S *E0,O. ,. T+E
CO*,##E*AS CO.,T,O.A# O. T+E APP*O/A# OF
T+E ACT T+*O"0+ A P#E3,SC,TE.
,SS"E: 5Q. T+E C*EAT,O. OF CA* CO.T*A/E.E
T+E CO.ST,T"T,O.A# 0"A*A.TEE OF T+E #OCA#
A"TO.O-$ FO* T+E P*O/,.CES 5+,C+ CO-POSE
CA*.
+E#: .O. ,T CA..OT 3E O/E*7E-P+AS,8E T+AT
P"*E SPEC"#AT,O. A. A *ESO*T TO
P*O3A3,#,T,ES A*E ,.S"FF,C,E.T TO CA"SE T+E
,./A#,AT,O. OF E.O. .O. 220. T+E C*EAT,O. OF
A"TO.O-O"S *E0,O.S ,. -"S#,- -,.A.AO
A. T+E CO*,##E*AS& 5+,C+ ,S PEC"#,A* TO
T+E 1'() CO.ST,T"T,O. CO.TE-P#ATES T+E
0*A.T OF PO#,T,CA# A"TO.O-$ A. .OT !"ST
A-,.,ST*AT,/E A"TO.O-$ T+ESE *E0,O.S.
T+"S& T+E P*O/,S,O. ,. T+E CO.ST,T"T,O. FO*
A. A"TO.O-O"S *E0,O.A# 0O/E*.-E.T 5,T+
A 3AS,C ST*"CT"*E CO.S,ST,.0 OF A.
E4EC"T,/E EPA*T-E.T A. A #E0,S#AT,/E
ASSE-3#$ A. SPEC,A# CO"*TS 5,T+ PE*SO.A#&
FA-,#$ A. P*OPE*T$ #A5 !"*,S,CT,O. ,. EAC+
OF T+E A"TO.O-O"S *E0,O.S WA*T. 4& SEC. 1(X.
T+E CA* ,S A -E*E T*A.S,TO*$ COO*,.AT,.0
A0E.C$ T+AT 5O"# P*EPA*E T+E STA0E FO*
PO#,T,CA# A"TO.O-$ FO* T+E CO*,##E*AS. ,T
F,##S ,. T+E *ES"#T,.0 0AP ,. T+E P*OCESS OF
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6andi v. CA, GR No. !!6&5", A.ril !!, ""
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Page 20 of 20
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Section 20. #e=islative Po?ers of the Autono;ous
*e=ions
6rovince o: NortA Cota#ato v. Government o:
tAe 6Aili..ine9 6eace 6anel, 56& ,CRA 39
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Section 21. Preservation of Peace and Order