Professional Documents
Culture Documents
http://
ها ا
إعhttp://www
www..eqla3-
eqla3-
soft.
soft.com
English Alphabetic
!"# ا$!%&ا
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Parts of Speech
م-.
م ا/أ
>7? =<ل
Noun Ahmed, book
BCا
Pronoun B
. أوP ا1Y ل6. >W F هI, he, she, it, etc. ……..
……..
@ f1
W
Verb tJ ءt وث6| 1Y ل6. >W F هPlay, played, will play
678 >W @و
Adjective Pk{` اq -C1 آpY >رةxY F هrich man t_ Bر
:; f1x@ نF<qو Pk اzxP >_ ه-h{=| أن اk
ta= ا-07[I= ا-\1=< اI7 فFlFC=ا
فFlFC= اPk ا6I7 -h{=> ا0J نF<q
Adverb أوBIh={` اq -C1 آpY >رةxY F هAhmed writes quickly.
ل4 ً>|Fi و-h{= ا6./q .-Y[?7 a<. 6C|أ
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Parts of Speech
م-.
م ا/أ
>7? =<ل
Preposition أوPk اVW tqq -C1 آF هAhmed goes to school
!ف ا4 أ¡[ى-C1<7 fa@;Y p0xa= [0Cd=ا -Pر6C=ه إ= ا. 6C|أ
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Parts of Speech
م-.
م ا/أ
>7? =<ل
Article -\1= اtJ ه_>ك ¦;ث أدوات
أداة :-./01234ا
a, an, the
ا=_<[ةPk اBx@ a م6£a?q This is a book.
.p>آP
[ف7 أ6x. ا=ي .>بaها آ
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: L4-=
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Sentences
6ُ!اع اP"أ
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Simple Sentences
H
% 6R
:wzJ 6| واBIJ 1Y يFa
q ta= ا-1C2= اtه
:§>لW
1) I saw a boy.
2) The boy was riding a bicycle.
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Compound Sentences
S =آ6R
-1l >C= p0a0?7 p0a1C pW [آaq ta= ا-1C2= اtه
a. ©0| Bza?W _IW >C_W B<= وrIx=> اCdIx7
:B§W `Y
[ف7 >C7ر
and/ but /or
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Compound Sentences
S =آ6R
but: p0d@>_aW أوp0h1a£W p0o0 pY p0a1C w7[q: V.
Khaled is rich. He is unhappy.
:ة6| وا-1C نF<_= p0a1C2= اw7 رp<C.
Khaled is rich but he is unhappy.
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Complex Sentences
ة$7= 6R
-x[آW و6| واBIJ pW [§ أآ1Y يFa
q ta= ا-1C2= اtه
:p0a1C pW
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Clause & Phrase
! اYSZ ا! و
A clause is a combination of words containing a verb and
has a complete meaning.
:§>لW .>مq _IW >= وBIJ 1Y يFa
q >تC1 آ-YFC2W t ه-1C2=ا
I saw the man who was carrying a stick.
.BIJ ون67 -1C2= اpW ًءا/ نF<q >تC1 آ-YFC2W pY >رةxY -1C2= اfx
:§>لW
I saw the man carrying a stick.
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Verb to BE “نP.” 678
I am was been
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Verb to BE “نP.” 678
:Examples -1§Wأ
1. I am a pupil.
2. They are boys.
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Negative Sentences with the verb to BE
“نP.” 67:% :i ا6!ا
We make negative statements with the verb to BE
by using the word not after the verb to be.
-C1 آViF7 (نF<.) BIJ VW -0h_W BC نF<3
. ¢6I7 (not)
Affirmative Negative
تSkإ e:"
I am at home. I am not at home.
You are tall. You are not tall.
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Making Questions with the verb to BE
“نP.” 678 o= الp
اVP.?
Were the boys at school? Yes, they were. No, they were
not.
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Verb to DO “67” 678
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Making Questions with the verb to HAVE as a
main verb
e
ر67:“ آs ” 678 o= الp
اVP.?
Did they have Breakfast this Yes, they did. No, they did not.
morning?
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Verb to HAVE as a helping verb
$h
= 67: “ آs ” 678
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Negative Sentences with verb to HAVE
as a helping verb
$h
= 67:“ آs ” 678 o= :i ا6!ا
:-1§Wأ
I have lived here for a long time.
I have not lived here for a long time.
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Making Questions with verb to HAVE as a
helping verb
$h
= 67:“ آs ” 678 o= الp
اVP.?
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Nouns ءC&ا
Nouns are words we use to name:
: [> =آW6£a?3 ta=>ت اC1<= اt>ء هCP8ا
.رFI ، <>رJ أ، <>نW ، ءt ، °£ ، 1Y ، Pا
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Countable & Uncountable Nouns
ودة$7ودة و | ا$7ء اC&ا
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Countable Nouns
ودة$7ء اC&ا
These nouns have singular and plural forms.
.VC [دة وhW ³0l >= >ءCP8 ا¢ه
Before singular countable nouns you can use a/an.
. (a/an) ام6£aP اV0a?q ودة6IC=[دة اhC=>ء اCP8 اBx@
Singular Plural
one book two books
one horse many horses
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Spelling Rules for Plurals
o!ء ا-= إ$hاP/
;ــــــــــــــx ـــــــــ~ت4
es >g" sh, ch, z, x, s وف% ezi? ezء اC&ا
Singular Plural
match matches
bus buses
dish dishes
box boxes
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Spelling Rules for Plurals
o!ء ا-= إ$hاP/
;ــــــــــــــx ـــــــــ~ت4
ies >g" وy ?ف،VآC ف4 YSCو y ف% ezi? ezء اC&ا
Singular Plural
city cities
baby babies
.8 s >g" ،كz= ف4 YSCو y ف% ezi? ezء اC&ا
Singular Plural
boy boys
key keys
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Spelling Rules for Plurals
o!ء ا-= إ$hاP/
;ــــــــــــــx ـــــــــ~ت4
es >g" ،VآC ف4 YSCو o ف% ezi? ezء اC&ا
Singular Plural
potato potatoes
tomato tomatoes
.8 s >g" ،كz= ف4 YSC وo ف% ezi? ezء اC&ا
Singular Plural
radio radios
zoo zoos
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Spelling Rules for Plurals
o!ء ا-= إ$hاP/
;ــــــــــــــx ـــــــــ~ت4
es >g"و ، v ف4 إP" fe أوf ف% ezi? ezء اC&ا
Singular Plural
knife knives
shelf shelves
Singular Plural
classroom classrooms
policeman policemen
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Spelling Rules for Plurals
o!ء ا-= إ$hاP/
;ــــــــــــــx ـــــــــ~ت4
:ء اذةC& ا7% كiه
Singular Plural
man men
woman women
child children
person people
foot feet
tooth teeth
goose geese
mouse mice
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Uncountable Nouns
ودة$7ء ا اC&ا
Uncountable nouns cannot be counted.
es , s -J>i´7 >= VC k ta= اtه
:-ــــــ1§Wأ
salt, coffee, tea, food, meat, gold, music, blood.
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Uncountable Nouns
ودة$7ء ا اC&ا
[0\= اPk اBx@ -0C<= ا1Y ل6q >تC1 آIi وF= p<= و
.VC2= ا-1W>IW BW>I. f3J ود6IW
Two cups of tea are not enough for me.
Five liters of oil do not operate this machine.
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Definite & Indefinite Articles
ة.i> و ا7zأدوات ا
a/an
are used as indefinite articles. .<[ة3 >ن آدواتW6£a?q
The
is used as definite articles. .`.[Ia1= م آداة6£a?q
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Indefinite Articles “a” & “an”
ة.iأدوات ا
We put “a” before a noun starting with a constant
sound.
.p>آP
[ف7 أ6xq ta=>ء اCP8 اBx@ a Vd3
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Indefinite Articles “a” & “an”
ة.iأدوات ا
We use a/an:
Before a singular [دةhC=>ء اCP8 اBx@ a table
countable noun. .ودة6IC= اan egg
Before a job, a أو-h0ªF= اBx@ Saleh is a doctor
particular group of pW -_0IW -YFC2W He is an engineer.
people or a nationality. .-0?_2= ا=_>س أو اShe is an English
women.
With numbers that t_Iq ta=ر@>م ا8 اVW He washes his
mean every. “B ”آhands ten times a
day. (means every
day).
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Indefinite Articles “a” & “an”
ة.iأدوات ا
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The Definite Article “The”
“> ”أل7zأدوات ا
The is used before: :Bx@ “` ”أل.[Ia=م أداة ا6£a?q
The names of musical .-0z0PFC=ت اk»>ء اCP أCan you play the duff?
instruments.
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The Definite Article “The”
“> ”أل7zأدوات ا
The is used before: :Bx@ “` ”أل.[Ia=م أداة ا6£a?q
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The Definite Article “The”
“> ”أل7zأدوات ا
Use article with the name ` أل.[Ia=م أداة ا6£a?3 I saw a man. The man
that is repeated. [ةC1= [ ا=ي ذآPk اVW was young.
.-03>§=ا
No article is used with the VW م أي أداة6£a?q k I do not like science. My
names of studies of .-0Pرا6=اد اFC=>ء اCP أfavorite subject is
subjects. mathematics.
No article is used before Bx@ م أي أداة6£a?q k I am going to school.
such words as school, ،-Pر6W B§W -_0IW >ءCP أI always go to bed early.
home, bed, work, etc. ....BCY ،[.[P ،ل/_W
No article is used before VW م أي أداة6£a?q k on Monday, in June
such words such as day >م و.8 اB§W -_0IW >ءCP أin summer (sometimes
and month names. . رF= اin the summer).
before breakfast.
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Pronouns gا
A pronoun replaces a noun . Pk اB
W B
. [0Cd=ا
Subject Object Possessive Possessive Reflexive
Pronouns Pronouns Adjectives Pronouns Pronouns
BY>h=[ اc>Ci f7 لFIhC=[ اc>Ci -0<1C=>ت اhl -0<1C=[ اc>Ci <>سI3k[ اc>Ci
I me my mine myself
you you your yours yourself
he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
We us our ours ourselves
you you your yours yourselves
they them their theirs themselves
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Pronouns gا
• We use a pronouns instead of a noun when it is clear who or
what we are talking about .
أيpY أوpW VW 1Y 1Y نF<3 >W6_Y Pk اpW k67 [0Cd=م ا6£a?3
.ث6
a3 ءt
Examples -1§Wأ
Ali is a good student. He passes all his tests.
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Object Pronouns
Y% لP7:@ ا
We use an object pronoun . f7 لFIhC=[ ا0Ci م6£a?3
– After to and for with verbs like make, give, send, lend,
pass, take, show.
The little boy made it for her.
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Reflexive Pronouns
C.7"~@ ا
Help yourself .
Enjoy yourself.
Behave yourself.
I live by myself. (I live alone)
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Relative Pronouns
6;P@ ا
• The relative pronouns are used to join sentences together.
tJ f1§W J| ا=يPk اVi و-03>§= ا-1C2= اpW <[رةaC= ا-C1<= ا|ف ا-2
.=و8 ا-1C2=ا
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Relative Pronouns
6;P@ ا
Who
Who [6/7ا 6h:]]ezا
[6/7ا6h: ezا،اي
،اي
.-1C2= أول ا¢دFF7 BY>h=[ف اI3 ً>Ix وB@>I= اBY>h= اB
W B
a= who م6£a?q
:t=>a=§>ل اC=| اk
Here is the man. The man is a doctor.
-1C2= اVd3 ¦ who >_W ًk67 Vd3 و-03>§= ا-1C2= اpW The man -C1
ف آ3
:¨x{aJ =و8 ا-1C2= اtJ >1§W >_J| ta= ا-C1<= ا6I7 -03>§=ا
Here is the man who is a doctor.
:-1§Wأ
1) The man came here. The man was a doctor.
The man who was here is a doctor
2) My friend swims well. He lives here.
My friend who lives here swims well.
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Relative Pronouns
6;P@ ا
Whom
Whom [6/7ا
[6/7اY% لP7:] ]اezا
Y%لP7:ا ezا،اي
،اي
¢دFF7 f7 لFIhC=[ف اI3 ً>Ix وB@>I= اf7 لFIhC= اB
W B
a= whom BCIa?q
:t=>a=§>ل اC=| اk .BIh= ا6I7
The man came here. I visited him.
Vd3 و،-03>§= ا-1C2= أول اwhom Vd3 ¦ -03>§= ا-1C2= اpW him -C1
ف آ3
>0=د إFI. ta=> )ا1§W >_J| ta= ا-C1<= ا6I7 -03>§= ا-1C2=ل و اFlFC= اPkا
:¨x{aJ ([0Cd=ا
The man whom I visited came here.
:-1§Wأ
1) The man was working with me. I paid him.
The man whom I paid was working with me.
2) This is the girl. You gave her a flower.
This is the girl whom you gave a flower.
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Relative Pronouns
6;P@ ا
Which
Which [Y% لP7: أو ا6h:] !د ا
[Y% لP7: أو ا6h:] !د ا
ezا
ezا،اي
،اي
أول¢دFF7 BY>h=[ف اI3 ً>Ix وB@>Y [0\=ل اFIhC= أو اBY>h= اB
W B
a= which BCIa?q
:t=>a=§>ل اC=| اk .BIh= ا6I7 6F0J f7 لFIhC=> اW أ-1C2=ا
:-1§Wأ
1) This is the house. I live in it.
This is the house which I live in.
2) This book is cheap. It is very useful.
This book which is very useful is cheap.
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Relative Pronouns
6;P@ ا
That
That [Y% لP7: أو ا6h: ا6/7 و | ا6/7 ]
[Y% لP7: أو ا6h: ا6/7 و | ا6/7 ]
ezا
ezا،اي
،اي
و-0<1C=[ ا0Ci _
فJ the man =ـ-آF1CW car -C1 أن آ623 >_ه
. car -C1ه> آ6I7 Vd3 ¦ whose لFlFC= اPk اf_W ًk67 Vd3
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Making Questions
C& اVP.?
tJ 6Y>?C= اBIh= اVd3 ®الP = إ-.[x£= ا-1C2= اB.F
a=
:-.ا6x=ا
:tة ه6Y>?C=>ل اIJ8اHelping Verbs
am – is – are – was – were – have – has – had –
will – would – shall – should – can – could – may –
might – must – ought to
:-ـــــــــ1§Wأ
They are doctors. Are they doctors?
She can help us? Can they help us?
I will go to the market? Will you go to the market?
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-0?0c[= ا-Cc>z=دة إ= اFY t=>a=ا
Making Questions
C& اVP.?
6Y>?W BIJ -1C2=>7 p<. = إذا
: do م6£a?3 s ون67 >رعdC= اBIh= اVW (1
:-ـــــــــ1§Wأ
They play tennis. Do they play tennis?
I write books. Do you write books?
6Y>?C= اBIh=د اFF= N=ول( و ذ8` ا.[{a= )اf1l إ= أBIh=>دة اY| إk
6Y>?C= اBIh=د اFF= N=ول( و ذ8` ا.[{a= )اf1l إ= أBIh=>دة اY| إk
:-;|~ــــــــW
داة7 أ6xq = >38 N= و ذNo أوYes ـ7 >a7>ن إF<q -z7>?= ا-1oP8 اV0C
.®الP
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Making Questions
C& اVP.?
:C?q ta= و ا-0=>a=ى أدوات ا=?®ال ا6|´7 أ6x. أن20J -_0IW -WF1IW >ءY ا=?®ال إpW ف6=إذا آ>ن ا
Wh Questions
Where? p.أ <>نC= اpY ?®ال1=
When? aW >نW/= اpY ?®ال1=
Why? >ذاC= x?= اpY ?®ال1=
What? >ذاW />W ءt pY ?®ال1=
Which? أي p0o0 p07 >ر0a¡;=
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Making Questions
C& اVP.?
Wh Questions (Cont.)
Whose? pC= -0<1C= اpY ?®ال1=
How? `0آ -=>
= اpY ?®ال1=
How many? د6Y آ د6I= اpY ?®ال1=
How much? -0Cآ آ -0C<= اpY ?®ال1=
How long? لF آ لF= اpY ?®ال1=
How old? [CY آ [CI= اpY ?®ال1=
How far? 6I7 آ -J>?C= اpY ?®ال1=
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Steps for Making a Question
الp
اVP.? اتPHx
:B§W ،f_Y [اد ا=?®الC=ء ا/21= -xP>_C=[ أداة ا=?®ال اa¡( ا1
When, Where, Why………..etc
أداة6I7 أيBY>h= اBx@ (6 )إن وhelping verb 6Y>?C= اBIh= اVi (2
.>[ةxW ا=?®ال
:م6£aP ا6Y>?W BIJ -1C2=>7 p<. = ( إذا3
do م6£a?3 s ون67 >رعdC= اBIh= اVW *
does م6£a?3 s f7 >رع ا=يdC= اBIh= اVW *
did م6£a?3 ti>C= اBIh= اVW *
;ً أوl أ-1C2=>7 دFFC=اء اFP 6Y>?C= اBIh= ا6I7 BY>h= اVi (4
f1l إ= أBIh=>دة اY إ-~|;W VW >36_Y pW >_>هW6£aP اta=ا
.ول8 اfh.[{q أي
.اب ا=?®الF f38 f_Y [اد ا=?®الC=ء ا/2=( ا|ف ا5
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Steps for Making a Question
الp
اVP.? اتPHx
: -ــــــــــــــــــــــ1§Wأ
They are going to eat meat.
What are they going to eat?
meat -C1_> آJ| ¦ 6Y>?C= اBIh= اt> ه38 they 1Y are >_W6@ >_3| أk *
. ا=?®ال1Y ابF2=> ا38
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Steps for Making a Question
الp
اVP.? اتPHx
:-~|;W
:B§W _IC= اVW P>_aq t<= [c>Cd= اrI7 [00\q |k
I ¨x{q you you ¨x{q I
your ¨x{q my you ¨x{q we
:-1§Wأ
Ahmed broke the window. Who broke the window?
The book describes accidents. What describes accidents?
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~ت7zCا
How
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~ت7zCا
How
:th_= اVW
1) We do not have any books. 2) I did not see anybody.
3) He is not anywhere.
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Making Negative
e:i اVP.?
BIh= ا6I7 not
not -C1 آVd3 th3 = إ-.[x£= ا-1C2= اB.F
a=
:6Y>?C=ا
:-ـــــــــ1§Wأ
They are happy. They are not happy?
He can help us? He can not help us?
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Making Negative
e:i اVP.?
Long forms & Short forms of Verb to be
(Affirmative) >تx¦4 اtJ (Negative) th_= اtJ
Long Forms Short Forms Long Forms Short Forms
I am I’m I am not I’m not
He is He’s He is not He’s not
She is She’s She is not She’s not
It is It’s It is not It’s not
You are You’re You are not You’re not
We are We’re We are not We’re not
They are They’re They are not They’re not
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Making Negative
e:i اVP.?
.>36_Y pW 6Y>?W BIh7 tq_J 6Y>?W BIJ -1C2= اtJ p<. = إذا
(not)
(not) Vd3 ¦ (do,
(do,does,
does,did)
did) :tة ه6Y>?C=>ل اIJ8 ا¢وه
.ول8` ا.[{a= أي اf1l إ= أBIh=>دة اY إ-~|;W VW ¢6I7
:t=>a=ول ا62= اtJ >C آ-C1<= اth_7 -1C2= اth__J -1C2= اtJ -0q»>ت اC1<=ى ا6| إ3> إذا آ:-~|;W
1. 1.
Present
PresentSimple
Simple Tense
Tense
Sا
Sارعgا
رعgا
-ــــــــــــــــــــــ1§Wأ
1. I go to school everyday.
2. They usually sleep at 11.00 p.m.
3. We often drink coffee in the morning.
4. She is never late to school.
.BIh1= >دة. زs `0d3 c> [دhW BY>h= إذا آ>ن ا:-~|;W
1. Ali drinks milk every morning.
2. A cow gives us milk.
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TENSES i=ا&ز
Past Simple Tense
S اe@ا
in 1988 AD, in 1415 AH: B§W ti>C= اtJ ¼.>رq أو أي
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TENSES i=ا&ز
-ــــــــــــــــــــــ1§Wأ
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TENSES i=ا&ز
3. Future
3. Future Simple
Simple Tense 6Sz
ا
Tense
S ا6Sz
ا
Sا
.Bxza?C= اtJ f¦و6| V@FaW ث6| pY [0xIa1= pW/=م ها ا6£a?.
.BIh1= ول8` ا.[{a= ¦ اshall اوwill pW pW/=ن ها اF<a.
.[c>Cd= اt@>7 VW tqaJ will >W أwe وI 1<aC=[ ا0Ci VW shall tqq
VW >=67 will -C1 آ1| 6@ و-§.6
= ا-./01234 اtJ >Wا6£aPر ا63 shall p<=و
.[c>Cd= اV0C
:B§W >تC1 آVW >دةY pW/= ها اtq.
in 2010 AD, in 1425 AH: B§W Bxza?C= اtJ ¼.>رq أو أي
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TENSES i=ا&ز
-ــــــــــــــــــــــ1§Wأ
1. I will go to school tomorrow.
2. They will play foot ball next Friday.
3. He will join the army in the future.
:ام6£aP>7 w0?x= اBxza?C1= [¡ أp.F<q ه_>ك
am , is , are going to
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TENSES i=ا&ز
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TENSES i=ا&ز
4.
4.Present
PresentContinuous
ContinuousTense
Tense z
ا
z
رعاgا
رعgا
-ــــــــــــــــــــــ1§Wأ
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TENSES i=ا&ز
4.
4.Present
PresentContinuous
ContinuousTense
Tense z
ا
z
رعاgا
رعgا
ti>C=[ أو اCa?C=>رع اdC=اء اFP [ارCaPk اtJ Vzq أنp<C. k >لIJ8 اrI7
: >لIJ8 ا¢ هpW|?>س و4ذى وا8ر واFI= اpY [xIq >لIJ8 ا¢[ وهCa?C=ا
like
. love
. want 6.[. prefer Bdh.
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:-ªF
1W
ti>C= اB1£q و ا=يw0?x= اti>C= اpW زfIW tq. >W >دةY pW/=ها ا
.f¦و6| أ¦_>ءV@[ أي ا=ي وCa?C=ا
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TENSES i=ا&ز
5.
5.Past
PastContinuous
ContinuousTense
Tense z
ا
z
اe@ا
e@ا
-ــــــــــــــــــــــ1§Wأ
While I was sleeping , a thief entered my room.
[Ca?W ti>W w0?7 ti>W
p0¦6| 1Y يFa
q -1C2= ا¢( هtaJ[ °= B¡ د، ً>Cc>3 _> آC_07)
ا=ي-J[\= ا°1=ل اF¡م وا»¡[ دF_= اF[ وهCa?W ti>W >Cه6|أ
. مF_= أ¦_>ء اB{|
When we were eating , my father came .
[Ca?W ti>W w0?7 ti>W
>Cه6| أp0¦6| 1Y يFa
q -1C2= ا¢ي( ه6= >ء وا، Bآ3 >_> آC_07 )
Bآ8 أ¦_>ء اB{| ي ا=ي6=ء واt2W [¡» واBآ8 اF[ وهCa?W ti>W
.
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TENSES i=ا&ز
5.
5.Past
PastContinuous
ContinuousTense
Tense z
ا
z
اe@ا
e@ا
-ــــــــــــــــــــــ1§Wأ
¨x{aJ _IC=[ ا0\a. دون أن-1C2= اwP وw7[= أداة اVi وp<C. :-~|;W
: t1. >C آ-z7>?=>ن اa1C2=ا
5.
5.Past
PastContinuous
ContinuousTense
Tense z
ا
z
اe@ا
e@ا
:-~|;W
فq وwhile -C1<7 -1C2=أت ا67 إذا-1l>h= اa<q
. =و8 ا-1C2={` اa_W tJ I@إذا و
B.F ول8;ن اIJ >7 while ة6Y>@ >ً أنCcآ[ داq
.w0?7 ti>W F وهÅ>hW [¡»[ و اCa?W
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TENSES i=ا&ز
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TENSES i=ا&ز
6.
6.Future
FutureContinuous
ContinuousTense
Tense z
ا
z
ا6Sz
ا
6Sz
ا
-ــــــــــــــــــــــ1§Wأ
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TENSES i=ا&ز
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7.
7.Present
PresentPerfect
PerfectTense
Tense مzا
مzرعاgا
رعgا
-ــــــــــــــــــــــ1§Wأ
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TENSES i=ا&ز
Since
Since&&For
For
• Since means “from some definite point or period n the past up to now”
now”
. ا»نa| وti>C= اtJ دة6
W [ةaJ أو-z3 pW ً>راxaY“ اi=” -C1 آt_Iq
2 o’
o’clock a moment
Monday 3 minutes
yesterday an hour
last night many hours
last week/ last month/ last year 3 days/ 5 weeks / 4 months
1996 a year
last century 10 years
he came…………
came………… a century
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TENSES i=ا&ز
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8.
8.Past
PastPerfect
PerfectTense
Tense مzا
مzاe@ا
e@ا
-ــــــــــــــــــــــ1§Wأ
1. I had washed before I prayed.
2. They went home after they had finished their work.
3. Ahmed had eaten the cake which he bought.
4. As soon as they had bought a car, they drove to Makkah.
ث6| ا=يw0?x= اti>C= اpW زfIW tq. >W ً>x=> pW/=| أن ها اk
.>مa= اti>C=>ء اa3 ا6I7
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TENSES i=ا&ز
by لF1 7 at 6_Y
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TENSES i=ا&ز
9.
9.Future
FuturePerfect
PerfectTense
Tense مzا
مzا6Sz
ا
6Sz
ا
-ــــــــــــــــــــــ1§Wأ
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TENSES i=ا&ز
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TENSES i=ا&ز
10.Present
10. PresentPerfect
PerfectContinuous
ContinuousTense
Tense z
ا
z
ماzا
مzرعاgا
رعgا
-ــــــــــــــــــــــ1§Wأ
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TENSES i=ا&ز
10.Present
10. PresentPerfect
PerfectContinuous
ContinuousTense
Tense z
ا
z
ماzا
مzرعاgا
رعgا
: Present Perfect >مa=>رع اdC=[ و اCa?C=>م اa=>رع اdC= اp07 [قh3 t<=
:-0=>a= ا-1§W8| اk
• Maha started making cakes three hours ago. There are now
one hundred cakes on the table.
:ّنF<3 p0a1C2= ا¢ هpW
Present Perfect Continuous Tense z
م اzرع اgا
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Imperatives =&; ا
• The Imperatives uses the simple form of the verb such as:
walk, read, open,….etc.
.ول8` ا.[{a= أي اBIh1= -0?x= ا-\0{=[ اW8 ا-\0l م6£a?q
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Imperatives =&; ا
-ــــــــــــــــــــــ1§Wأ
Give Instructions >تC01Iq >ءYإ
• Mix the flour and the sugar. (Affirmative >تx¦)إ
>تx¦)إ
• Take two tablets every four hours. (Affirmative >تx¦)إ
>تx¦)إ
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Imperatives =&; ا
-ــــــــــــــــــــــ1§Wأ
Give Warnings [ات.
q >ءYإ
• Keep out. Danger. (Affirmative >تx¦)إ
>تx¦)إ
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Modals /iل ا78&ا
A modal has only one form of the verb for all persons, but it can
have several meanings and time frames, depending on the
context in which it is used.
وt3>IW ة6Y f= p<=>ص و£8 اV0C VW ة6| وا-\0l f= °@>_= اBIh=ا
.f0J م6£a?q ى ا=يFa
C= |? ا-0_Wأ<>ل ز
Form -\0{=ا
shall, should, will would, may, might, can, could, must, ought to +
(BIh1= ول8` ا.[{a=)ا
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Modals /iل ا78&ا
Modals Expresses: Example
/iل ا78&ا :Vh S7? =<ل
shall
Promise You shall take a reward.
6Yو
Determination He does not want to obey me: but he
0C{q shall.
shall.
should
Duty You should obey your teachers.
اF=ا
Advice or opinion You should stop smoking.
أو ا=[أي-
0{_=ا
will
The simple future tense. He will visit us tomorrow.
w0?x= اBxza?C= ا-\0l
Determination or promise I will travel when I like.
6YF= أو ا0C{a=ا We will do as you wish.
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Modals /iل ا78&ا
Modals Expresses: Example
/iل ا78&ا :Vh S7? =<ل
might Possibility
-03><W4ا
I hoped that I might succeed.
I thought that the weather might
might change
must Necessity
[ورةd=ا
You must listen to your teachers.
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Modals /iل ا78&ا
Modals Expresses: Example
/iل ا78&ا :Vh S7? =<ل
ought to Advice
-
0{_=ا
You ought to help the poor.
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Modals /iل ا78&ا
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Modals /iل ا78&ا
You ought to help You ought not to Ought you to help Yes, I ought to.
to. No, I ought not.
not.
them. help them. them?
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Comparing Adjectives
ت:=ر" ا
1. 4. PresentAdjectives
Continuous Tense
1.Comparing
ComparingShort
Short Adjectives اة
تاة:ا
ت:=ر"ا
"=ر
z
رع اgا
:VyZ أوVZ V% " ار.1
than -C1[ة ¦ آ0{z=>ت اh{= ا18 er -z|;= ا-J>i;| إ3 -3>رzC= اpW عF_= ها اtJ
• Ali is older than Ahmed.
• My Car is faster than yours.
1. 4. PresentAdjectives
Continuous Tense
1.Comparing
ComparingShort
Short Adjectives اة
تاة:ا
ت:=ر"ا
"=ر
z
رع اgا
:VyZ أوVZ V= < أآV% " ار.2
.[ةC= ا¢ هest -J>i;| إ. و-3>رzC= ا-h{= اx?q ta=ا the -C1 آ-0C;| ه_> أه3
• Everest is the highest mountain.
• This is the biggest building in Riyadh.
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Comparing Adjectives
ت:=ر" ا
2.
2.Comparing
ComparingLong
LongAdjectives
Adjectives PHا
PHتا:ا
ت:=ر"ا
"=ر
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Comparing Adjectives
ت:=ر" ا
2.
2.Comparing
ComparingLong
LongAdjectives
Adjectives PHا
PHتا:ا
ت:=ر"ا
"=ر
the most -C1>ت آh{= ا¢ هx?q p0o0 pW [§ أآp07 -3>رzC= ا-=>| tJ
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Comparing Adjectives
ت:=ر" ا
2.
2.Comparing
ComparingLong
LongAdjectives
Adjectives PHا
PHتا:ا
ت:=ر"ا
"=ر
:ــــــــــــL4-=
_IC=ا -h{=ا p0_¦ أp07 -3>رzW p0_¦ أpW [§ أآp07 -3>رzW
60 good better than the best
Å0P bad worse than the worst
(ود6IC1=) [0§آ many more than the most
(ود6IC=[ ا0\=) [0§آ much
(ود6IC=[ ا0\=) B01@ little less than the least
60I7 far farther than the farthest
as……..as
as……..as ((Sg%
Sg%))6<=
6<=YY <=
<=
.p0ahl p07 ?>واةW دF وp0| ;حlkم ها ا6£a?.
• Ali is as tall as his brother.
• This bag is as big as my bag.
not
notas……..as
as……..as 6<=
6<=YY <=
<=
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Adverbs [الP4&وف ]اLا
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Adverbs [الP4&وف ]اLا
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Adverbs [الP4&وف ]اLا
Some words that end in ly can be both adjectives or adverbs. Most of them refer to time.
1Y ل6q >تC1<= ا¢~ هIW .>تhl [وف أوª نF<q أنp<CC= اpW ly ـ7 ta_q ta=>ت اC1<= اrI7
:B§W .@F=ا
daily ً>0WF. weekly ً>0YFxPأ
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Adverbs [الP4&وف ]اLا
Verb to BE: 6Y>?C= اBIh= ا6I7 <[ارa=[ف اª tq. :نF<. BIJ
Ali is always on time.
Other Verbs: >ديI= اBIh= اBx@ <[ارa=[ف اª tq. :¡[ى8>ل اIJ8ا
Ali sometimes reads a book.
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Adverbial Clause of Time
£/P اh ا$ ا8L ا6!ا
Conjunctions: %أدوات ا
when, whenever, as, as soon as, while, after, before, until, since
.-0?0c[= ا-1C2= اVW @F= ا1Y -=ا6= ا-0J[~= اBC2= اw7[q ¢ هw7[=أدوات ا
:§>لW
• I found a watch. I was walking in the street.
• I found a watch while I was walking in the street.
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Adverbial Clause of Place
ن. اh ا$ ا8L ا6!ا
Conjunctions: %أدوات ا
where, wherever
.-0?0c[= ا-1C2= اVW <>نC= ا1Y -=ا6= ا-0J[~= اBC2= اw7[q ¢ هw7[=أدوات ا
:§>لW
• Wherever he goes his brother follows him.
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Adverbial Clause of Cause
ES
اh ا$ ا8L ا6!ا
Conjunctions: %أدوات ا
because, since, as
.-0?0c[= ا-1C2= اVW x?= ا1Y -=ا6= ا-0J[~= اBC2= اw7[q ¢ هw7[=أدوات ا
:§>لW
• I stayed at home yesterday because it was raining.
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Adverbial Clause of Manner
كP
اh ا$ ا8L ا6!ا
Conjunctions: %أدوات ا
As, as if, as through
• These words (conjunctions) link the adverbial clause of manner with the
main sentence.
.-0?0c[= ا-1C2= اVW كF1?= ا1Y -=ا6= ا-0J[~= اBC2= اw7[q ¢ هw7[=أدوات ا
.tz0z| [0 ti>W as if 6I7 tq. ً>Ccدا
:§>لW
• He speaks as if he were a king.
.>ل0¡ [د2W و-0z0z| [0 >38 was pW ًk67 were ام6£aP| اk
• It looks as if it would rain.
.V@Fq [د2W >3 و أtz0z| [0 ti>W Fوه will pW ًk67 would ام6£aP| اk
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Adverbial Clause of Purpose
اضh ا$ ا8L ا6!ا
Conjunctions: %أدوات ا
that, so that, in order that
These words (conjunctions) link the adverbial clause of purpose with the main sentence.
.-0?0c[= ا-1C2= اVW ا=\[ض1Y -=ا6= ا-0J[~= اBC2= اw7[q ¢ هw7[=أدوات ا
a) We use (may + infinitive) when the main verb is in the present or future.
.Bxza?C=ا >رع أوdC= اtJ t?0c[= اBIh=ن اF<. >W6_Y (ر$ا+%م )ر6£a?3
:§>لW
He works hard. He wishes to succeed.
He works hard so that (that or in order that) he may succeed.
b) We use (might + infinitive) when the main verb is in the simple past.
.w0?x= اti>C= اtJ t?0c[= اBIh=ن اF<. >W6_Y (ر$ا+%م )ر6£a?3
:§>لW
He was walking quickly in order that he might not be late.
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Adverbial Clause of Result
!zi اh ا$ ا8L ا6!ا
.-0?0c[= ا-1C2= اVW -20a_= ا1Y -=ا6= ا-0J[~= اBC2= اw7[= \>ت0{= ا¢م ه6£a?q
:§>لW
• The man is so weak that he can not walk.
• He wrote such good answers that he got he marks.
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Adverbial Clause of Contrast
/iz اh ا$ ا8L ا6!ا
Conjunctions: %أدوات ا
though, although
.-0?0c[= ا-1C2= اVW r@>_a= ا1Y -=ا6= ا-0J[~= اBC2= اw7[q ¢ هw7[=أدوات ا
:§>لW
• He is poor. He is happy.
• Although (though) he is poor, he is happy.
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Adverbial Clause of Contrast
" ارh ا$ ا8L ا6!ا
Conjunctions: %أدوات ا
as….as, so……as
.-0?0c[= ا-1C2= اVW -3>رzC= ا1Y -=ا6= ا-0J[~= اBC2= اw7[q ¢ هw7[=أدوات ا
:§>لW
• Nabeel is as clever as his father.
• Sami is not so strong as his brother.
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Adverbial Clause of Condition
اh ا$ ا8L ا6!ا
Conjunctions: %أدوات ا
if, unless
• These words (conjunctions) link the adverbial clause of condition with the
main sentence.
.-0?0c[= ا-1C2= اVW -=> = ا1Y -=ا6= ا-0J[~= اBC2= اw7[q ¢ هw7[=أدوات ا
:§>لW
• If we are ill, we go to bed.
• If we work hard, we will succeed.
• If we worked hard, we would succeed.
• If he had fallen, he would have hurt himself.
• Unless the rain falls, the crops will not grow.
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as……..as [ Sg%] 6<= Y <=
not as….as 6<= Y <=
as……..as
as……..as [[Sg%
Sg%]]6<=
6<=YY <=
<=
.p0=>| p07 ?>واةW دF وp0| ;حlkم ها ا6£a?.
not
notas……..as
as……..as 6<=
6<=YY <=
<=
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Active & Passive
لP! eiSم و اP 7 eiSا
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Active & Passive
لP! eiSم و اP 7 eiSا
A.
A. Statements
Statements Syا
Syا6!ا
6!ا
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Active & Passive
لP! eiSم و اP 7 eiSا
A.
A. Statements
Statements Syا
Syا6!ا
6!ا
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Active & Passive
لP! eiSم و اP 7 eiSا
A.
A. Statements
Statements Syا
Syا6!ا
6!ا
:-ـــــــــــــــــــ1§Wأ
Huda wrote the lesson. The lesson was written (by Huda).
She has eaten the apple. The apple has been eaten (by her).
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Active & Passive
لP! eiSم و اP 7 eiSا
A.
A. Statements
Statements Syا
Syا6!ا
6!ا
:t1. >C آ-h1a£C= ا-_Wز8 اVW to be BIJ {[ف.
am, is, are
Sرع اgا
can be, could be, may be, might be, must be, ought $h
= 678 6آ
to be
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Active & Passive
لP! eiSم و اP 7 eiSا
B.
B. Questions
Questions C&ا
C&ا
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Active & Passive
لP! eiSم و اP 7 eiSا
B.
B. Questions
Questions C&ا
C&ا
:-ـــــــــــــــــــ1§Wأ
Did he eat the cake?. Was the cake eaten (by him)?
Will Ali buy a new car? Will a new car be bought (by Ali)?
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Active & Passive
لP! eiSم و اP 7 eiSا
C.
C. Command
Command =&ا
=&ا
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Active & Passive
لP! eiSم و اP 7 eiSا
C.
C. Command
Command =&ا
=&ا
:-ـــــــــــــــــــ1§Wأ
Send this letter to your friend. Let this letter be sent to your friend.
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Active & Passive
لP! eiSم و اP 7 eiSا
ـــــــــــــــــــــــL4-=
ـــــــــــــــــــــــL4-=
2. ;ً =ا.W ًk®اP أو-0h_W لF2C1= t_xC=> إ= ا1.F
q [ادC= ا-1C2=ن اF<q 6@
.لF2C1= t_xC= إ= اB.F
a= ا6_Y B0.a= ها ا=?®ال أو ا-\0l 1Y -~J>
C=ا
-ـــــــــــــــــــ1§Wأ
Ali does not write letters Letters are not written (by Ali).
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Transitive & Intransitive Verbs
$7zل ا78&ز= و ا-ل ا78&ا
:Intransitive Verbs (=ز-ل ا78&)ا
:B§W .f7 ًkFIhW ¡q k ta= اtه
The sun rises.
:Intransitive Verbs (=ز-ل ا78&)ا
.[§اً أو أآ6| واf7 ًkFIhW ¡q ta= اtه
Ali raised his hand.
BY>h=ا BIh=ا f7 لFIhC=ا
BC2=> اW أ،>7 f7 لFIhW دFم و6I= لF2C1= t_xW => إ1.F
q p<C. k -W>ل ا=;زIJ8*ا
.لF2C1= t_xW => إ1.F
q p<C0J -.6IaW >لIJي أF
q ta=ا
:§>لW .لF2C1= t_xW => إ1.F
q p<C. =اp0=FIhC= -.6IaC=>ل اIJ8 اrI7 *ه_>ك
Ahmed gave Huda a flower . :p0az.[7 _xq
BY>h=ا BIh=ا f7 لFIhW f7 لFIhW
A preposition shows the relation between the subject and the object.
There are also prepositions of time and prepositions of place.
داR وف4 ًg أ$RP وY% لP7: و ا6h: اV% /-7 اh !وف ا4 ل$?
.ن. اh داR وف4 وV= اh
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Use of Prepositions
!وف ا4 ام$yzCا
Prepositions Use ام$yzC~ا Example =<ل
!وف ا4
on
Day >م.8ا On Monday
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Use of Prepositions
!وف ا4 ام$yzCا
Prepositions Use ام$yzC~ا Example =<ل
!وف ا4
in
Season B{J The trees grow in spring.
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Use of Prepositions
!وف ا4 ام$yzCا
Prepositions Use ام$yzC~ا Example =<ل
!وف ا4
at
Time @F=ا I will come back at 2 o’
o’clock.
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Use of Prepositions
!وف ا4 ام$yzCا
Prepositions of Place ن. اh ا$وف ا! ا4
at the table -= ا=>و1Y They are standing at the dinner table
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Use of Prepositions
!وف ا4 ام$yzCا
Prepositions of Place ن. اh ا$وف ا! ا4
In a building or area _ أوxW tJ You were in the club last night.
-z_W
In a chair tP[<= ا1Y Ali is sitting in his chair.
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Use of Prepositions
!وف ا4 ام$yzCا
Prepositions of Place ن. اh ا$وف ا! ا4
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Use of Prepositions
!وف ا4 ام$yzCا
More Examples <=& اV= ًا$=
between p07 The house is between the school and the mosque.
into tJ ،B¡دا The electrician is putting his hand into the TV.
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Use of Prepositions
!وف ا4 ام$yzCا
More Examples <=& اV= ًا$=
between p07 The house is between the school and the mosque.
into tJ ،B¡دا The electrician is putting his hand into the TV.
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Question-Tags
اC&ا
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Question-Tags
اC&ا
Questions
Questionsthat
thatwe weexpect
expectthe
theanswer
answer“Yes”
“Yes”
““B7"
B7"““ـ%ـ%
hh%R#ا
%R#اo/Pz"
o/Pz" Cأ
Cأ
:f01Y -7>4~[ ها ا=?®ال و ا3ا
* There’s a supermarket near here, isn’t there?
Yes , there is.
>W أ.ً>0h_W (B0.a=> )ا01Y =ا >ء ا=?®ال-ax§W -1C ها ا=?®الW6zq ta= ا-1C2=*ا
. Yes >تx¦4>7 نF<0J ابF2=ا
.th_1= N= وذ¢6I7 not Vd3 ¦ 6Y>?C= اBIh=م ا6z3 عF_= ها اpW ًk®اP نF<3 t<=* و
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Question-Tags
اC&ا
Questions
Questionsthat thatwe weexpect
expectthe
theanswer
answer“No”
“No”
““~~““ـ%ـ%
hh%R#ا
%R#اo/Pz"
o/Pz" Cأ
Cأ
1) You don’t come from Saudi Arabia, do you?
No, I don’t.
2) It doesn’t take long time be car, does it?
No, it doesn’t.
.6Y>?W BIhآ do/does >_W6£aP =ا اw0?x=>رع اdC= اpW زtJ | ه_> أن ا=?®الk*
.6Y>?W BIhآ did >_W6£aP =ا اw0?x= اti>C= اpW زtJ | ه_> أن ا=?®الk*
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Conditional “if”
°“ اP”
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Conditional “if”
°“ اP”
2) if + past ti>W would + ` أول.[{q
F= a| was ام6£aP اV0a?3 k ة و6Y>z= ا¢ هtJ were =ل إF
aq be >ً أنd.| أk
.ً[داhW BY>h=آ>ن ا
If I were you, I would buy a new car. :§>لW
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Conditional “if”
°“ اP”
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Conditional “if”
°“ اP”
If you boil water, it becomes steam. (ً>را£7 ¨x{. f3J ،>ءC=_> ا01 >_3 أF=)
>رع وdC= اtJ becomes -C1 =ا >ءت آp0IW @F7 ة60zW ?0= و-a7>¦ -z0z| ¢و ه
.Bxza?C= اtJ ?0=
If you are under 17, don’t drive a car. Or Don’t drive a car if you are under 17.
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Reported Speech
لPiم ا-.ا
.[>xW [0\=>ً ا=<;م اd. أC?. BC2= اpW عF_=ها ا
Indirect Speech
There are four kinds of direct and Indirect Speech.
:[>xC=[ ا0 >[ وxC= ا=<;م اpW اعF3 أ-I7ه_>ك أر
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Reported Speech
لPiم ا-.ا
Statement
Statement Syا
Syا! ا
!ا
:-0=>a=ات اF£= اVxa3 Reported لFz_W إ= آ;م Direct [>xW pW -.[x¡ -1C B.F
a= *
said لFz= اBIJ ¦ [0Cd= أو اPk اVd3 -1
.>_Y \_>ءaPk<__> اC. وthat w7[= أداة اVd3 -2
:[c>Cd= ا¢_ و أه هIC=[ |? اc>Cd=ل اF
3 -3
I he, she we they
My his, her our their
:t1. >C آ-_Wز8ل اF
3 -4
Present >رعdW Past ti>W
Past ti>W Past Perfect >مq ti>W
:t1. >Cت آ6>ت إن وC1<= اrI7 لF
3 -5
Now ا»ن then o_0|
here >_ه there ه_>ك
Last night >_ه the night before ه_>ك
this >_ه that ه_>ك
yesterday >_ه the day before ه_>ك
tomorrow >_ه the following day ه_>ك
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Reported Speech
لPiم ا-.ا
Statement
Statement Syا
Syا! ا
!ا
She said: "I have not been in the school library She said that she had not been to the school library
recently”
recently”. recently.
He said to me: "I shall see you tomorrow”
tomorrow”. He told me that he would see me the next day.
day.
:>فi أt_Iq ta=وا and added that :>رةxY >_W ًk67 Vd3 6| وا1<aW °£= p0a1C p07 (.) إذا آ>ن ه_>ك
They said to him: “We shall see you tomorrow. We They told him that they would see him the next day
shall visit Ahmed”
Ahmed”. and added that they would visit Ahmed.
:[c>Cd= اtJ wzJ نF<. [00\a=> اC3 إ-1C2= ا-_W[ أز0\q k o_0| >رعdW say, says لFz= ا-C1 آ3>إذا آ
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Reported Speech
لPiم ا-.ا
Question
Question الp
ا
الp
ا
:-0=>a=ات اF£= اVxa3 Reported لFz_W إ= آ;م Direct [>xW pW ®الP B.F
a= *
:t1. >C آt وه، ا=?®الpWد ز6
. asked BIh= ا-1
Present >رعdW Past ti>W
Past ti>W Past Perfect >مq ti>W
.w7?> آداة رh3 م6£a?q ®الP أداة1Y يFa
. إذا آ>ن ا=?®ال-2
.6Y>?C= اBIh= ا1Y BY>h= ا.6za7 F و ه-.[x¡ -1C = ا=?®ال إB.F
q a. -3
.-1C2=_ اIW ?| [c>Cd= اrI7 [00\q |;. -4
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Reported Speech
لPiم ا-.ا
Question
Question الp
ا
الp
ا
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Reported Speech
لPiم ا-.ا
Question
Question الp
ا
الp
ا
:[c>Cd= اtJ wzJ نF<. [00\a=> اC3 إ-1C2= ا-_W[ أز0\q k o_0| >رعdW ask, asks ا=?®ال-C1 آ3>إذا آ
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Reported Speech
لPiم ا-.ا
Command
Command E
E Hا
Hا
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Reported Speech
لPiم ا-.ا
Command
Command E
E Hا
Hا
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Reported Speech
لPiم ا-.ا
Exclamation
Exclamation E!7zا
E!7zا
اتF£= اVxa3 Reported لFz_W إ= آ;م Direct
[>xW pW 2Iq -1C B.F
a= *
:-0=>a=ا
:B§W >01Y ل6q -C1_> آW ًk67 Vi و2Ia= ا-C1 ا|ف آ-1
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Reported Speech
لPiم ا-.ا
Exclamation
Exclamation E!7zا
E!7zا
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Countries and Nationalities
تi!ان و ا$ Sا
:ً;§W لFz_J -0?_2= اp.F<a= N= و ذ61x= اPk “` |[ف ”ي0d3 >W >دةY -07[I= ا-\1= اtJ
ديFIP : -.دFI?=ا