10/7/2014 360 Chapter 5 Transformers 1

EEE 360
Energy Conversion and
Transport
George G. Karady & Keith Holbert

Chapter 5
Transformers
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Lecture 12
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5.4 Three-phase transformer
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Transformers
Figure 5.46 Very large three-phase network transformer.
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Transformers
A B C
a b c
N
V
AN
V
BN
V
CN
V
ca
V
bc
V
ab
Figure 5.47 A three-phase wye-delta transformer with three-legged iron core.
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Transformers
Usual connections for three-phase transformers
wye-wye (Y-Y) seldom used, imbalance and 3
rd
harmonics
problems
wye-wye-delta
(Y-Y-)
frequently used to interconnect high voltage
networks (240 kV/345 kV). The delta
winding filters the 3
rd
harmonics, equalizes
the unbalanced current, and provides a path
for ground current
wye-delta (Y-) frequently used as step down (345 kV/69 kV)
delta-delta (-) used for medium voltage (15 kV), one of the
transformers can be removed (open delta)
delta-wye (-Y) step-up transformer in a generation station

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5.4.1 Wye / Wye connection
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Transformers
Figure 5.48 Wye connected three-phase transformer
N n
A
B
C
a
b
c
I
A
I
a
V
AN
V
AB
V
CN
V
BN
V
bn
V
an
V
cn
V
ab
A
a
an
AN
I
I
V
V

s
p
N
N
T
Y Y

30
30
3
3
j
j
e
e
an ab
AN AB
V V
V V
C
c
cn
CN
B
b
bn
BN
A
a
an
AN
I
I
V
V
I
I
V
V
I
I
V
V

s
p
N
N
T
Y Y
rate rate
Y
rate
V V
I
3 3
3 S S

5.41.Wye/wye
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Transformers









Load
Supply
Network
Transformer
Y-Y
Figure 5.49 Three-phase network
supplies a load through a
transformer.
Transformer Load Supply Network
X
tr_s
V
an
V
load_an
V
AN
V
net_AN
X
net
I
A
I
a
N
n
A
a
X
tr_s
V
an
V
load_an
V
AN
I
A
I
a
V
net_AN
X
net
Figure 5.50 Equivalent circuit of
the wye-wye transformer system
of Figure 5.49.
Figure 5.51 Single-phase equivalent
circuit for phase A of the three-phase
wye-wye transformer system of Figure
5.50.
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5.4.2 Wye / Delta connection
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Transformers
I
a
I
b
I
c
V
ab
V
bc
V
ca
V
CN
V
BN
V
AN
A
B
C
a
b
c
I
cb
I
ba
I
ac
Transformer
AC
AC
AC
I
C
I
B
I
A
V
AN
V
BN
V
CN
Supply
I
ab
I
bc
I
ca
Load
V
AB
V
BC
V
CA
I
ac
V
ca
V
bc
V
ab
N
Figure 5.52 Wye-delta connected transformer , 5.4.2
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Transformers
Figure 5.52 Wye-delta connected transformer , currents and voltages
A
B
C
N
V
AN
V
AB
V
BN
V
BC
V
CN
I
A
I
ba
I
cb
V
CA
a
b
c
a
b
c
I
a
I
c
I
b
V
ab
V
bc
V
ca
I
ac
rate rate
rate
V V
I
3
3 S S

A
ba
ab
AN
I
I
V
V

s
p
N
N
T
Y


30 120
3
j j
e e
AN AN AN BN AN AB
V V V V V V


30 240
3
j j
e e
ba ba ba ac ba a
I I I I I I
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Transformers
Figure 5.53 Single-phase equivalent circuit of a wye-delta transformer.
X
tr_s
V
an
V
s_an
V
AN
I
A
I
a
V
p_AN
X
tr_p
R
tr_p
R
tr_s
X
m
R
c
T
spe
Y-

30
3
j
e
an ab
V V
an
AN
ab
AN
ab
AB
V
V
V
V
V
V
T

30
spe
Y
3
j
e

*
A
ba
*
A
*
a
I
I
I
I
T
*
30
spe
Y
3

j
e
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5.4.3 Delta / Wye connection
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Transformers
Figure 5.54 Delta-Wye connected transformer
A
B
C
n
a
b
c
V
BC
I
a
I
A
I
b
I
c
V
AB
V
CA
V
ca
V
ab
V
bc
V
an
V
bn
V
cn
I
C
I
B
I
CA
I
AB
I
BC
*
A
*
a
an
AN
an
AB
ab
AB
I
I
V
V
V
V
V
V
T

3
30
spe
Y
j
e


30 240
3
j j
e e
AB AB AB CA AB A
I I I I I I

*
30
spe
Y
3

j
e
AB
*
a
*
A
*
a
I
I
I
I
T
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5.4.4 Delta / Delta connection
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Transformers
Figure 5.55 Delta-Delta connected transformer
A
B
C
a
b
c
V
AB
I
a
I
ba
I
ac
I
A
I
AB
I
CA
V
ab
AB
ba
A
a
ab
AB
I
I
I
I
V
V

s
p
N
N
T
-
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Transformers
Transformer Connection
Primary and Secondary Voltage Phase
Relation
Phase Shift*
Windings Placed on the Same
Leg
Wye-Wye V
AN
is in phase with V
an
Zero A and a
Wye-Delta V
AN
is in phase with V
ab
30 A and ab
Delta-Wye V
AB
is in phase with V
an
30 AB and a
Delta-Delta V
AB
is in phase with V
ab
Zero AB and ab
* Note: Phase shift lead between line-to-line voltages, V
AB
and V
ab
, and line-to-neutral voltages, V
AN
and V
an
, and
line currents, I
A
and I
a
.
Table 5.1 Three-phase Transformer Relations
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5.4.7 Equivalent circuit
parameters
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Transformers
High
voltage
Low
voltage
A
AC
AC
AC
A
B
C
V
V
W
W
A
Full rated
voltage
Figure 5.56 Open circuit test for three-phase transformer
parameter measurement
V
o_ll
230V I
o
13A P
o_3f
550W
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Transformers
V
o_ln
V
o_ll
3
V
o_ln
132.791V
P
o_1f
P
o_3f
3
P
o_1f
183.333W
Open circuit test
R
c
V
o_ln
2
P
o_1f
R
c
96.182
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Transformers
Y
o
I
o
V
o_ln
Y
o
0.098S
Open circuit test
X
m
1
Y
o
2
1
R
c
2

X
m
10.273
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Transformers
A
A
AC
AC
AC
A
B
C
V
V
W
W
Reduced voltage
High
voltage
Low
voltage
Figure 5.56 Short circuit test for three-phase transformer
parameter measurement
V
s_ll
160V I
s
16A P
s_3f
1200W
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Transformers
V
s_ln
V
s_ll
3
V
s_ln
92.376V
P
s_1f
P
s_3f
3
P
s_1f
400W
R
s
P
s_1f
I
s
2
R
s
1.563
Short circuit test
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Transformers
Z
s
V
s_ln
I
s
Z
s
5.774
Short circuit test
X
s
Z
s
2
R
s
2
X
s
5.558
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Exercises using MAT CAD
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Transformers
1
2
3
P S
L
23
L
12
P
2
P
1
delta-wye
wye delta
Figure 5.61 One-line diagram of delta-wye connected transformer supplies
two balanced loads through a transmission line.
AC
1 2 3
L
23
L
12
P
1
P
2
wye
Z
23
Z
12
X
tr
T
-Y
delta