Prepared by:

Ms. Anjelyn T. Betalas

-Cyclone originating in the tropics
--A tropical cyclone is composed of a system of
thunderstorms that shows a cyclonic
rotation around a central core or eye. Atropical
cyclone is a generic term for a storm with an
organized system of thunderstorms that are
not based on a frontal system. In other parts of
the world, these are referred to
as hurricanes, typhoons or simply tropical
cyclones depending on the region.
The Philippines is prone to tropical
cyclones due to its geographical
location which generally produce
heavy rains and flooding of large areas
and also strong winds which result in
heavy casualties to human life and
destructions to crops and properties.
Causes
Infrastructure - villages were washed
away, houses destroyed, bridges
broken
Agriculture
Private Properties vehicles
overturned
Mortality

Example Consequence Causes
tropical
storm
Sendong
(Washi)
that hit the
country in
December
17, 2011

claiming more
than 1,400 lives.
Infrastructure -
villages were
washed away,
houses destroyed,
bridges broken
Agriculture
Private Properties
vehicles
overturned

deforestation of
watersheds in Lanao
del Norte and
Bukidnon
rapid urbanization
Illegal mining
activities also
contributed to the
siltation of the river
also decreased the
area for water runoff
and caused the
siltation of the
Cagayan River
Example Consequence
Typhoon
Bopha(Pablo)
December 4,
2012

massive flooding and
landslides caused to 1,067
deaths
Total cost damage: 14.3
billion
infrastructure and
agriculture damage
Storm Surge
A storm surge is a rise above the normal water level
along a shore resulting from strong onshore winds and
/ or reduced atmospheric pressure. Storm surges
accompany a tropical cyclone as it comes ashore. They
may also be formed by intense low-pressure systems in
non-tropical areas.
Example Consequence
On Nov. 8, Super Typhoon
Yolanda (international name
Haiyan) slammed Tacloban
City, Leyte, Samar and other
provinces in Eastern Visayas
with strong winds and storm
surges as high as seven meters,

killing more than
6,000 people.
Date Description
1968 - -
Casiguran
earthquake
The earthquake, which had a magnitude
of 7.3, killed 270 people were killed and
injured 261. The Ruby Tower in Binondo
was among the destroyed buildings.
Landslides, large fissures, and tsunami
were also observed during the
earthquake.
1973 -
Ragay
Gulf
earthquak
e

Five years after the Casiguran quake,
another tremor occurred that measured
magnitude 7. Several houses,
transporation and communication lines,
and underground pipes were destroyed.
Date Description
1976 - Moro
Gulf quake
One of the strongest earthquakes recorded
in history had measured magnitude 7.9. It
happened on the island of Mindanao and
resulted in a tsunami.
Around 1,440 died in Region 9 while 1,379
got killed in Region 12. More than 40,000
were left homeless in both regions because
of the quake.
1983 -
Laoag
quake

A magnitude 6.5 quake occurred in the
Ilocos Norte in 1983. The quake resulted in
the death of 16 people and injured 47.
Establishments including malls, buildings,
residences, church, municipal hall, and
schools were damaged. Aside from
landslides, sandboils and sandblows were
also observed.
Date Description
1990 -
Bohol
earthquak
e
A magnitude 6.8 quake that happened in
February 1990 killed 6 people and injured
more than 200. The damage was
estimated at P154 million. Some bridges,
including the Jagna and Duero, collapsed.
Aside from the quake, ground fissures,
landslides, rockfalls, ground subsidence,
sand/mud fountaining and increase in
sea levels were also recorded.
Date Description
1990 -
Panay
quake
Four months after the Bohol tremor, Panay
was severely damaged by a magnitude 7.1
earthquake that left 8 people dead and 41
injured. The quake was caused by fault
movement in off western Panay Island.
Several cities in Aklan, Iloilo, Capiz, and
Antique were damaged.
1990 -
Luzon
earthquake

The strongest earthquake to happen that
year occurred a month after the Panay
quake. It was recorded at 7.7 magnitude.
According to New York times, the quake
killed at least 258 people, including 48
children whose school collapsed and 210
others caught in stampedes and fallen
buildings.
Date Description
1994 -
Mindoro
earthquak
e
A magnitude 7.1 quake resulted in 78 casualties.
The quake also generated a tsunami, causing
more damage and casualties.
1996 -
Bohol
quake
The quake was felt in different
municipalities in Bohol including Clarin,
Inabanga, Trinidad, Tubigon, Loay and in
certain cities of Cebu. It didnt cause any
major damage to properties.
1999 -
Bayugan
quake
Bayugan in Agusan del Sur experienced a
magnitude 5.1 earthquake on June 7,
1999. A strong aftershock occurred in
Agusan del Sur.
Date Description
2002 -
Palemban
g
earthquak
e
The magnitude 6.8 earthquake happened
affected the provinces of Sultan Kudarat,
Sarangani, North and South Cotabato.. The
Office of Civil Defense said 8 people were killed,
41 were injured and 7,684 families were affected.
the quake also damaged 4 road networks, 7
bridges, 36 school buildings, 29 business
establishments, a megadike, health centers, and
public buildings.
2003 -
Masbate
quake
The Masbate quaked happened in
February 2003. The 6.2 magnitude quake
was felt not only in Masbate but also in
Bicol, Leyte, Panay, Cebu, Negros and
Romblon.
Date Description
2013 -
Bohol
quake
The magnitude 7.2 quake that struck in Bohol
and nearby Visayas Tuesday Oct. 15, 2013 has
killed more than 200 people so far and affected
almost 3 million familes.
generated by a blind fault, now called the North
Bohol Fault.
generated more than 4,000 aftershocks

Tornado
Tornado (Buhawi) a violent and
destructive storm in which
powerful winds move around a
central point
- a tropical thunderstorm
Tornado occurred about 1:00 PM, 24 May
2013 in Purok Peoples Village, in Barangay
Cannery in Polomolok, South Catobato.
Drought
A period of dryness especially when
prolonged
Volcanic Eruption
Mayon is the most active volcano in the Philippines
and has erupted over 48 times in the past 400 years.
Flood
Heavy Rains, Low Pressure Area
deforestation of watersheds,
urbanization
Landslides
A large mass of rocks and earth that suddenly and
quickly moves down the side of a mountain or hill
Fishkill
Events Causes
fish kill in Taal Lake January
2014

Sulfur upwelling
Sulfur upwelling in Taal Lake
usually occurs from November
to February when the northeast
wind disturbs the sediments in
the lake, resulting in the
upwelling of hydrogen sulfide, a
poisonous gas.
BATO, Camarines SurThe
fish cage industry in Lake Bato
triggered by a downpour that
sent decaying plankton to the
bottom of the lake, reducing
oxygen levels.
The plight of the fish may have been
exacerbated by the release from the sediments of toxic
hydrogen sulfide and ammonia, compounds produced
following the decomposition of organic material in the
water column and sediments (unused feed, fish waste
products, and dead plankton from the bloom).
A 'sudden' climate change kills

Red Tide
-is a marine phenomenon that poses great risk to
the health and economic livelihood of people in
coastal areas..
-- Rapid increase in population, urbanization and
industrialization reduce the quality of Philippine
waters. The discharge of domestic and industrial
wastewater and agriculture runoff has caused
extensive pollution of the coastal water
bodies. This effluent is in the form or raw sewage,
detergents, fertilizers, heavy metals, chemical
products, oil and solid waste.
-- The extent of water pollution in the Philippines
Bays
From 1983 to 2001, a total of 42 toxic
outbreaks have resulted in a total of
2,107 paralytic shellfish poisoning
cases with 117 deaths. Earlier, only a
few coastal areas of the country were
affected in scattered locations, but
today, this has grown to a total of 20
coastal areas.
epidemic
a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a
community at a particular time.
Epidemic
leptospirosis A bacterial epidemic caused by water
contaminated with rat urine has hit a
flood-ravaged region
Typhoid fever bacterial disease spread through
contact with food or water
contaminated by fecal matter or
sewage; victims exhibit sustained high
fevers; left untreated, mortality rates
can reach 20%.
Dengue fever mosquito-borne (Aedes aegypti) viral
disease associated with urban
environments; manifests as sudden
onset of fever and severe headache;
occasionally produces shock and
hemorrhage leading to death in 5% of
cases
Fire
Armed Conflict
development aggression
Disasters caused by both humans and natural hazards
(combination) affected 4.6 million people
or 30% of the disaster-affected population. These
disasters include fishkill, flood, landslide,
and red tide.
Disasters caused by both humans and natural hazards
(combination) were the leading cause of massive
disasters in 2012 (64%). There were 7.8 million people
affected by these types of disasters, which
include fishkill, flood, landslide, and red tide.
References
CDO & Iligan Post-Sendong. Retrieved on August 23, 2014.
Retrieved from http://flipland2.blogspot.com/2011/12/cdo-
iligan-post-sendong.html
YEARENDER: 2013 a year of major natural disasters
Retrieval Date: August 23, 2014. Retrieved from:
http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2013/12/26/1272092/yea
render-2013-year-major-natural-disasters
NATURAL DISASTERS IN PHILIPPINES 2013.
RETRIEVED FROM http://www.disaster-
report.com/2013/03/natural-disasters-in-philippines-
2013.html
Philippine Disaster Report 2011 and 2012. Citizens Disaster
Response Center. 72-A Times St., West Triangle Homes
Quezon City, Philippines
http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/285967/scitec
h/science/pablo-among-most-destructive-powerful-
typhoons-in-phl-history
http://www.abs-
cbnnews.com/nation/regions/10/16/13/timeline-
strongest-earthquakes-philippines
http://www.irinnews.org/report/90967/philippines-
landslide-risk-increasing
http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/604669/exec-sees-
p52m-in-losses-in-fish-kill-in-camarines-sur-
lake#ixzz3DpxsBMti
http://www.wepa-
db.net/policies/measures/background/philippines/r
edtide.htm
http://www.indexmundi.com/philippines/major_i
nfectious_diseases.html