20/06/2010

1
HSP
Cy en
http://fit.hcmup.edu.vn/~tien
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Ni dung
t vn 1
RB-cy: nh ngha 2
Thm phn t 3
Xa phn t 4
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2
Cy en: nh ngha
L mt cy nh phn tm kim c a thm tnh cht
mu lm c s cho s cn bng, c cc tnh cht
sau:
1. Mi nt phi l (red) hoc en (black)
2. Nt gc v cc nt l (NIL) phi lun lun l en.
3. Nu 1 nt l th con ca n phi l en (ngha
l khng c 2 nt lin tip)
4. Mi ng dn t gc n mt nt l phi c cng
s lng nt en.
Khi cy en vi phm (3) gi l hin tng xung
t - .
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Cy en: V d
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Chiu cao en (black height h
b
(x)): s lng nt en
trn mt ng dn t gc n l.
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3
Cy en: Nhn xt
Cy en c N nt trong (internal node)
c chiu cao ti a l 2log
n
(N+1)
Chiu cao ca cy (h) <= 2 * chiu cao
en (h
b
)
Cc nt l l NIL (nt ngoi external
node) lun l node en.
Mi cnh n 1 node en c gi l cnh
en.
Thi gian tm kim O(logN)
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Mt s nh ngha
X l mt node chu ngoi
nu n nm cng bn node
cha P v P cng bn node
cha G.
Ngc li, X gi l node
chu ni .
U U
U
U
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Php quay
Mt node c chn lm "nh" ca php quay.
Nu chng ta ang thc hin mt php quay qua phi,
node "nh" ny s di chuyn xung di v v bn
phi, vo v tr ca node con bn phi ca n. Node
con bn tri s i ln chim ly v tr ca n.
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Cy en: Thm nt mi
Chn mt nt nh trong cy tm kim nh phn bnh
thng v gn cho n mu .
B1. Tm v tr thch hp chn kho K
B2. Pht sinh 1 nt mi c kho K, mu (RED)
v gn lin kt ti v tr tm c.
B3. Hiu chnh li cy nu c vi phm tnh cht:
Cc php lt mu trn ng i xung.
Cc php quay khi node c chn.
Cc php quay trn ng i xung.
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5
Nu p en Dng (TH1)
Nu p :
Nu U , o mu 3 nt p, U, g (TH2)
Nu u en:
Nu x l chu ngoi ca g: Thc hin 1 php
quay (TH3)
Nu x l chu ni ca g: Thc hin 2 php quay
(TH4)
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Cc trng hp sau khi thm
P en Bnh thng (dng)
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Trng hp 1
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P , U o mu G, P, U
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Trng hp 2
g
p
x
u
g
p
x
u
Trng hp 3
P , u en, x l chu ngoi Quay ti G; i
mu P, G
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Trng hp 4
P , U en, x l chu ni Quay ti P (tr thnh
chu ngoi), sau Quay ti G; i mu N, G
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Tng t
TH3
V d: Chn mt nt vo cy en
Ln lt chn vo cc nt c gi tr:
50, 75, 25, 80, 100, 110, 105
50
25
75
80
x
cha x
bc x
ng x
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TH2: Cha, bc x u c mu
- Cho cha v bc thnh mu en
- ng ca x thnh mu
(lu : nt gc qui c l mu en)
50
80
x
cha x
bc x
ng x
25
75
TH3: Bc x u c mu en x l con phi ca cha x
Quay tri ti ng ca x ng thi i
mu cha ca x v ng ca x
50
80
25
75
100
x
50
25
75
100
x
80
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50
25
75
100
80
110
105
x
Thm 110, 105
Quay tri (phi) ti cha
(khng i mu)
Trng hp 4
50
25
75
100
80
105
110
TH.3
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50
25
75
105
80
100
110
Cy cui cng
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Bi tp p dng
Ln lt chn cc kha sau vo cy en:
24, 5, 12, 35, 11, 27, 65, 50, 10, 9, 15, 1.
b, d, m, e, n, f, i, h, r, a, s, k, j, y
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Cy en: Hy mt nt
y: nt b xa tht s
x: nt con ca y, s thay th
nt y
w: nt anh em ca nt x
p: nt cha ca nt y
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p
x
w
y
Cy en: Hy mt nt
Ta lun c th hy mt phn t nu n ch
c ti a 1 con.
Khi nt cn hy c 2 con:
Tm phn t th mng ca n (tri nht trn
cy con phi hoc phi nht trn cy con tri).
Lu d liu ca phn t th mng vo phn
t cn hy v hy tht s phn t th mng.
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20/06/2010
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Cy en: Hy mt nt
Nu y Xa y, dng.
Nu y en:
Xa y.
nh du hiu en cho x.Nu bn thn x l:
Nt en nt en kp.
Nt nt -en.
p
x w
p
y w
x
p
y w
x
p
x w
Cc tnh cht c th b vi phm khi xa nt en
Tt c cc ng i con t gc n nt l (qua y) s t
hn 1 nt en so vi nhng ng i cn li (vi phm
t/c 4)
Nu p v x cng (vi phm t/c 3).
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13
Gii php kh du hiu en
Bin nt en cng cp cy con cn li thnh
nt (nu c).
Thc hin xoay cy to s cn bng.
KL: Kt hp i mu v xoay cy
TH1: x (nt cha du hiu en) l hoc gc
X l:
T mu nt en sang mu en.
Loi b du hiu en v kt thc
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TH2: x en kp, w v 2 con w u en
i mu nt anh em
w sang .
i mu P en (bt
k P trc mu
hay mu en).
Di chuyn du hiu
en ln trn 1 cp
(theo hng gc ca
cy)
B
A
C
x
E

w
D
A
C
D
E

B
A
C
x
E

w
D
A
D

C
E
TH3: x en kp, w en, 1 trong 2 con w
Gi z l nt con ca w c mu .
(w c t nht mt con gi l z)
C 2 trng hp xy ra:
TH3a: z l chu ngoi x l bng php
quay v i mu.
TH3b: z l chu ni chuyn sang TH3a
ri x l.
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X l TH3a
Quay ti P.
o mu P, W
Z i theo mu P
Mt du hiu en.
p
z
x
w p z
x
w
X l TH3b
Chuyn sang TH3a bng cch sau:
i mu Z v W
Quay ti W.
p
z
x
w
p
z
x
w
TH3a
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TH4: x en kp, w , 2 con w en, p en
o mu nt p v w
Thc hin php quay ti p.
Du hiu en vn ch vo nt x ban u
p
x w
w
p
x
Tr v mt trong cc
trng hp trn.
Bi tp p dng
25
60
55
50
65
10 30
Cho cy en nh sau:
Ln lt xa cc nt sau: 55, 50.
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HSP