-≤Ú-´’--¢√®Ωç 19 -´÷-Ja 2007
ing charm to the eyes. c) A train can carry a large
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù
287
Pradeep: What are you carrying in your brief
case?
( Brief case
-F ™ -àç -Öç-C?)
(Brief case = ´·êu-¢Á’i† Ææ´÷-î √®Ωç
Ö†o é¬T-û√©’ BÆæ’Èé-∞Ïx Ææ†oE suit
case)
Sandeep: Just a report about my health- a cer-
tificate from the medical officer that
I do not carry any infectious dis-
ease.
(Ø√ health report – ¢Ájü∆u-Cµ-é¬J ü¿í∫_®Ω
†’ç* Ø√Íé-™«ç-öÀ Åçô’¢√uüµ¿’©÷ ™‰´E -
É-*a-† certificate)
Pradeep: Why a certificate now?
Now I understand
certificate
(É°æ¤pú≈ áçü¿’èπ◊?)
Sandeep: I've got to carry it because I am
applying for an immigrant visa in
the US.
(Ø√éπC Å´-Ææ®Ωç, ؈’ Å¢Á’-J-鬙 Æœn®Ω-
°æ-úËç-ü¿’èπ◊ -Å°kx îËÆæ’h-Ø√o†’ é¬--•-öÀd.)
immigrant = ¢ËÍ® -üË-¨¡ç™ Æœn®Ω-°æ-úË-¢√úø’.
Pradeep: Why do you want to settle in the US?
(Å¢Á’-J-鬙 áçü¿’èπ◊ Æœn®Ω-°æ-ú≈-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-
Ø√o´¤?)
Sandeep: I want to carry on my research
there.
(Ø√ °æJ-¨--üµ¿-†-†’ Åéπ\úø é̆-≤ƒ-Tç-î√-©-†’-
èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o†’)
Pradeep: You can do it here as well.
(ÅC Ééπ\úø èπÿú≈ îËßÁ·îª’a éπü∆?)
Sandeep: But the universities in the US carry
much better facilities for the kind of
research I want to do.
(Å®·ûË -Å-¢Á’-Jéπ-Ø˛ -ߪ‚-E-´-Jq-öÃ-™x ؈’
îËߪ÷-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’†o °æJ-¨-üµ¿-†èπ◊ ´Ææ-ûª’©’
Ééπ\úø éπç-õ‰ î√-™« ¶«í∫’ç-ö«®·.)
Pradeep: Pity most Indians do not serve their
mother land.
(î√-™«´’çC ¶µ«®Ω-B-ߪ·©’ ´÷ûª%-üË-¨»-EéÀ
ÊÆ´ îËߪ’-éπ-§Úôç ü¿’®Ω-ü¿%-≠déæ π®Ωç)
Sandeep: You don't' understand. The facilities
there are different. You don't' need
any politicians favour to hold a posi-
tion or to get a promotion. You've
none of give you orders that you've
to carry out. Academics enjoy a lot
more freedom there.
(†’´y®Ωnç îËÆæ’éÓ-´ô癉ü¿’.FÖüÓuí∫ç †’´¤y
îËÆæ’èπ◊ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊í¬F, Promotion §Òçü¿-ú≈-
EéÀ í¬E ®√ï-éÃߪ÷ ÅGµ-´÷†ç Fèπ◊ -Åéπ\®Ω-
™‰-ü¿-éπ\-úø (Research N≠æ-ߪ÷™x). á´®Ω÷
Fèπ◊ Çïc-L-´y®Ω’ †’´¤y P®Ω≤ƒ´£œ«ç-îËç-ü¿’-èπ◊/-
Å-´’©’ °æJ-îËç-ü¿’èπ◊. Åéπ\úø Nü∆u-®Ωç-í∫ç-
™E Nü∆u-Cµ-èπ◊©’ Ééπ\úø éπç-õ‰ áèπ◊\´
≤ƒyûªç-vûªuç ņ’-¶µº-N-≤ƒh®Ω’.)
favour = ÅGµ-´÷-†ç/-Å-†’-ví∫£æ«ç.
Academics = colleges/ universities ™E
Nü∆u-Cµ-èπ◊©’.
Academic = Nü∆u N-≠æ-ߪ’-¢Á’i-†.
Prescribing a syllabus for a course is an a
academic matter =
(àüÁjØ√ course is an academic matter =
àüÁjØ√ course èπ◊ EÍ®l-PçîË §ƒ®∏√u稡ç Nü¿uèπ◊
Ææç•ç-Cµç-*-çC)
Pradeep: I still feel it is a case of distance lend-
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
(à¢Á÷, Éü¿çû√ ü¿÷®Ω°æ¤ éÌçúø-©’- †’†’°æØË
Ææçí∫-ûª-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o-†’ -؈’.)
Distance lends charm to the eyes =
ü¿÷®Ω°æ¤ éÌçúø©’ †’†’°æ¤ (ü¿÷®Ωç ´©x àüÁjØ√ Çéπ-®Ω{-ùÃ-
ߪ’çí¬ éπ-E°œ≤ƒh-ߪ’-E ¶µ«´ç)
Sandeep: Yea. Now I understand. I'm sure you
got carried away by the minister's
speech the other day telling young
Indians to serve their mother land
and not to be carried away by all
that hype about better opportunities
in the states.
(Ç É°æ¤púø’ Ø√éπ-®Ωn-¢Á’içC. ¢Á·†o Ç ´’çvA-
Ö°æ-Ø√u-ÆæçûÓ v°æ¶µ«-N-ûª-¢Á’i-§Ú-ߪ÷´¤.
Çߪ’†Ø√oúø’í¬ ¶µ«®Ω-B-ߪ’ -ߪ·-´-Bߪ·´-
èπ◊©’ ÆæyüË-¨»-EéÀ ÊÆ¢√ îËߪ÷-©E, Å¢Á’-J-
鬙 áèπ◊\´ Å´-é¬-¨»-©’Ø√oߪ’ØË v°æî√-®√-
EéÀ ™†-´-ü¿lE.)
Pradeep: By the way, where did you buy that
suit case?
suit case
(ÅC ÆæÍ®-é¬F, Ç áéπ\úø
éÌØ√o´¤?)
Sandeep: Where else? In the US. There are
very big malls carrying a wide range
of goods.
(ÉçÈé-éπ\úø Å-¢Á’J-é¬-™ØË, Åéπ\úø î√-™«
®Ω鬩 ≤ƒ´÷†’x/´Ææ’h-´¤-©¢Ë’t °ü¿l °ü¿l
ü¿’é¬-ù«© Ææ-´·-ü∆--ߪ÷-©’ç-ö«®·.)
Mall = ü¿’é¬-ù«-© Ææ´·-ü∆-ߪ÷©’çúË îÓô’ ´·êuçí¬
US ™.
pradeep: OK. I must be going now. I've work at
office. Yesterday I made a mistake in
the accounts. I did not carry forward
the amount in one of the columns to
the next. I have to run the whole
thing on the system again and set it
right.
(ÆæÍ® ØË¢Á-∞«x-Léπ. -Ç°∂‘Æˇ-™ °æ†’çC E†oöÀ
™„éπ\™x *†o -§Ò®Ω-§ƒ-ô’ î˨».)
äéπ column (pronunciation- 鬩ç = Ê°-@ °j †’ç*
éÀçCéÀ ¢ËÊÆ ÅçÈé© E©’´¤ ´®ΩÆæ èπÿúÕéπ ™«xçöÀ
¢√öÀ™x) *´J ÅçÈ醒, ûª®√yA column °jéÀ ¢Ëߪ’-
™‰ü¿’. Ç¢Á·ûªhç ™„éπ\†’ computer ™ áéÀ\ç* ûª°æ¤p
ÆæJ-C-ü∆lL. system= computer
Run it in the system =
computers ™éÀ áéÀ\ç-îªôç
Sandeep: Let's meet this evening again. I want
to show you a story the eenadu dis-
trict edition carried about a scam.
eenadu
(≤ƒßª’çvûªç éπ-©’Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç >™«x
edition
™ ã èπ◊ç-¶µº-éÓ-ù«Eo í∫’Jç-*† -
≤Úd-J- Fèπ◊ îª÷°œç-î√-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o†’.)
Pradeep: O.K. Take care.
(ÆæÍ® ñ«ví∫ûªh.)





¢Á’i† Ê°®Ω’çõ‰ 'the' ®√ü¿’. Å™« é¬èπ◊çú≈
Daily life situation conversation
™ ÅAûª®Ω-í¬
carry expressions.
N†-°æúË ´÷ô™x ü∆çûÓ ´îËa
Carry
èπ◊ -Ö†o ÅA-≤ƒ-üµ∆-®Ωù Å®√n©÷, ´’†èπ◊ ûÁL-Æœ-†O
äéπ-îÓô †’ç* ÉçéÓ-îÓ--ô’èπ◊ -BÆæ’èπ◊-¢Á-∞¡xôç/ (´Ææ’h-´¤-©
†’ ´’†’--≠æfl©†’ îË®Ω-¢Ë-ߪ’ôç, ´’†ûÓ àüÁjØ√ BÆæ’èπ◊-
¢Á∞¡xôç
(carry éÀ past tense, past participle - carried)
a) A porter carries luggage = porter (Railway
stations/ Bus stations ™«çöÀ îÓôx èπÿM©’)
≤ƒ´÷-†x†’ ¢Á÷≤ƒhúø’.
b) He was carrying some books.
(Åûª†’ éÌEo °æ¤Ææh-鬩’ BÆæ’èπ◊-¢Á-∞¡Ÿ-ûª’-Ø√o--úø’.)
(past™)
number of passengers.
(-võ„i-Ø˛ -î√-™«´’çC v°æߪ÷-ùÀèπ◊-©†’
-BÆæ’èπ◊-¢Á-∞¡Ÿ-ûª’ç-C.)
d) City buses carry a large
number of commuters to
their places of works.
(
Æœ-öà -•Ææ’q-©’ -î√-™«-´’ç-C commuters †’ ¢√∞¡Ÿx
°æE-îËÊÆ îÓôxèπ◊ îË®Ω-¢Ë-≤ƒh®·.)
commuter- éπ´‚uô. '´‚u— ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç =
-ü¿÷®√-†’†o °æE-îËÊÆ îÓôxèπ◊ (office/ factories, etc)
®ÓW v°æߪ÷ùç îËÊÆ-¢√∞¡Ÿx.
commute = °æE v°æü˨»©èπ◊ î√-™« ü¿÷®Ωç ®ÓW
v°æߪ÷-ùç-îË-ߪ’ôç– local trains, city buses ™«çöÀ
¢√öÀ™x)
e) carry Åçõ‰ ´’†-ûÓ BÆæ’èπ◊-¢Á-∞¡x-ôç.
i) He always carries a pocket book.
ii) I don't carry much money.
É°æ¤púø’ carry èπ◊†o ´’J-éÌEo Å®√n©÷, Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬©÷
îª÷ü∆lç.
Look at the following sentences from the
conversation at the beginning
of the lesson.
I) A certificate from.... that
1) ... a certificate ... that I do not carry any
infectious diseases.
(Ø√™ Éûª-®Ω’-©èπ◊ ≤ÚÍé Åçô’®Óí¬©’ ™‰´E-
É-*a-† certificate.)
Ééπ\úø carry Åçõ‰ Å®Ωnç– Éûª-®Ω’-©èπ◊ ≤ÚÍé Åçô’
®Óí¬-©’ç-úøôç.
a) Pigs carry/ pigs are the carriers of meningi-
tis.
( °æçü¿’© ´©x ¢Á’ü¿úø’¢√°æ¤ ¢√uCµ ¢√u°œ-Ææ’hçC.)
(Ç ¢√uCµE éπL_çîË véÀ´·©’ °æçü¿’™x Öçö«®·)
b) A variety of mosquitoes carries malaria.
(- ´ ’-™‰-J-ߪ ÷ äéπ®Ωéπç üÓ´’-©-´©x ¢√u°œ-Ææ ’hçC.)
(¢√öÀ™ ´’™‰-Jߪ÷ éπ-L-Tç-îË véÀ´·©’çö«®·)
2)
i) The universities in the US carry much better
facilities for the kind of research I want to do.
carry shops
Ééπ\úø Åçõ‰ äéπ îÓô, ´·êuçí¬ ™,
universities
ÆæçÆæn™x ©¶µºu-´’-´ôç. – Å¢Á’-J鬙E
™ ؈’ îËߪ÷-©-†’èπ◊ØË °æJ-¨-üµ¿-†èπ◊ ´Ææ-ûª’©’ Ééπ\úÕ
éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\-´í¬ ©¶µºu-´’-´¤-û√®·. Ééπ\-úÕ-éπç-õ‰ ¶«í¬
¢Á’®Ω’í¬_ Öçö«®·.
ii) There are very big malls carrying a wide
range of goods.
(
Åéπ\úø î√©®Ω鬩 ´Ææ’h-´¤©÷, ≤ƒ´÷†÷x ©¶µºu-´’ßË’u
ü¿’é¬-ù«© Ææ´·-ü∆-ߪ÷-©’ç-ö«®·.)
wide range = NÆæh %ûªv¨ÏùÀ/ î√-™«®Ω鬩.
3) Carry éÀ ÉçéÓ Å®Ωnç: (Æ‘Y) í∫®Ωs¥çûÓ Öçúøôç.
I can't take my wife to the US now because
she is carrying.
(Ø√ ¶µ«®Ωu éπúø’-°æ¤ûÓ Öçôç-´©x É°æ¤-pú≈-¢Á’†’ Å¢Á’-J-
é¬èπ◊ BÆæ’èπ◊ -¢Á-∞¡x-™‰-†’.)
4) Carry éÀ ÉçéÓ Å®Ωnç, à N≠æ-ߪ’-¢Á’iØ√ ã °ævA-éπ™ 
v°æ-J-ûª-´’-´ôç/ TV™ îª÷°œç-îªôç.
a) The Eenadu carries the news of some scam
or the other almost every day.
(ü∆ü∆°æ¤ v°æA®Ó-W -Ñ-Ø√-úø’ °ævA-éπ™ àüÓ äéπ
èπ◊ç-¶µº-éÓùç í∫’-Jç-*-† -¢√®Ωh Öçô’çC (v°æ-J-≤ƒh®Ω’).
b) The channel carried a live telecast of the
game.
(Ç Çô v°æûªuéπ~ v°æ≤ƒ®Ωç channel ™ îª÷°œç-î√®Ω’.)
(äéÓ\-≤ƒJ, °ævA-éπ™x àüÁjØ√ N≠æߪ’ç ®√´-ö«Eo
2
Run The Eenadu ran the
ÅE èπÿú≈ Åçö«®Ω’–
story of the land grab on its front page =
Ç ¶µº÷éπ¶«b N≠æߪ’ç ÑØ√úø’ ¢Á·ü¿öÀ Ê°@™ v°æ-
Jç-*çC).
3) I want to carry on my research there.
(
Ø√ -JÂÆ®˝a Åéπ\úø é̆-≤ƒ-Tç-î√-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o†’.)
carry on = é̆-≤ƒ-Tç-îªôç, continue îËߪ’ôç.
a) Gandhi carried on his movement in spite of
a lot of opposition.
(´uA-Í®-éπûª Ö†o-°æp-öÀéÀ í¬çDµ ûª† Öü¿u-´÷Eo é̆-≤ƒ-
Tç-î√úø’. (continued))
b) Please carry on. Let me not stop your watch-
ing the TV.
(O’®Ω’ TV
îª÷ôdç é̆-≤ƒ-Tç-îªçúÕ.-ØË-†’ -Ç°æ-úøç
™‰ü¿’.)
v°æ¨¡o:
1. They have gone to Hyderabad Åçõ‰
¢√∞¡Ÿx £j«ü¿-®√-¶«ü¿’ ¢Á∞«x®Ω’. (éπü∆) ¢√∞¡Ÿx £j«ü¿-®√-
¶«ü¿’ ¢ÁRx ´î√a®Ω’ ņ-ö«-EéÀ They have been
to Hyderabad ÆæÈ®j-†ü∆ é¬ü∆! I, we ûÓ ´÷vûª¢Ë’
been †’ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î √™«! ( ¢ÁRx ´î√a®Ω’ ÅE
îÁ°æp-ö«-EéÀ) He, she, it ûÓ ¢ÁRx ´î√a®Ω’ ÅE îÁ°æp-
ö«-EéÀ ᙫ ®√ߪ÷L?
2. Where is Vijayawada? DE™ Vijayawada
´’†-éπç-ü¿-JéÀ ûÁL-Æœ† place éπü∆! DE ´·çü¿’
'The' ®√ü∆.
3. Simple Present Tense, Future tense ûÁ©’í∫’
¢√é¬u©’ äÍ陫 Öçö«ßª÷! ؈’ ¢Á∞¡Ÿx-ûª’-Ø√o I go,
I will go Å®Ωnç äéπ-õ‰Ø√!
4. soap, paper, bread, Éçé¬ î√™« uncountable
nouns †’ ´’†ç- conversation ™ papers,
breads, soaps Åçô÷ plural í¬ °æ©’-èπ◊ûª÷
Öçö«ç. ÉC éπÈ®-ÍédØ√?
– ï©’x °æ¤-≠æp, £j«ü¿-®√-¶«ü¿’.
ï¢√•’:1. They have gone to Hyderabad Åçõ‰
O’®Ω-†oô’x ¢√∞¡Ÿx Hyderabad èπ◊ ¢Á∞«x-
®ΩE Å®Ωnç. ¢ÁRx AJT ´î√a-®Ω-†-ö«-EéÀ –
They have been to Hyderabad
correct I and
¢ÁRx ´î√a®Ω’ ņ-ö«-EéÀ
we he, she,
ûÓ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ é¬èπ◊çú≈,
it, they ûÓ èπÿ-ú≈ éπÈ®Íéd. Å®·ûË á´J
subject
N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ØÁjØ√ -Åçõ‰ à
have been \ has been
Å®·Ø√ ÆæÍ®
(to a place) ņo-°æ¤púø’ , ¢√∞«x ÜJéÀ ¢ÁRx
´î√a-®ΩØË é¬èπ◊çú≈, ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ Ç Ü®Ω’ ûÁ©’Ææ’,
¢√∞¡xé¬ÜJûÓ °æJ-îªßª’ç ÖçC ÅØË Å®Ωnç
èπÿú≈ ÖçC.
e.g. a) I know Mumbai well. I have been there
two or three times.
b) She has been to Delhi.
(úµÕ-Mx ¢ÁRx ´*açC \ úµÕ-Mx Ç¢Á’èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’)
2. °∂晫E ´uèπ◊h©, îÓôx,Ê°®Ωx ´·çü¿’The ®√ü¿’.
'ûÁL-Æœ-†-îÓô’— Åçõ‰, Ç ûÁL-Æœ† îÓô’èπ◊ v°æûËu-éπ-
Railway station, post office, etc., ™«çöÀ
v°æüË-¨»©’ Åçü¿-Jéà ûÁ©’Ææ’– ´·êuçí¬ ¢√öÀE
í∫’Jç* ´÷ö«x-úø’-èπ◊-ØË-¢√-∞¡xèπ◊. Å™« ûÁL-Æœ† ¢√öÀ
´·çü¿’ 'the' ´Ææ’hçC. ÅçûË-é¬E, Mumbai,
Delhi, etc., v°æûËu-éπ¢Á’i† Ê°®Ω’-†o-°æ¤púø’ ®√ü¿’.
3. Simple Present - I go ™«çöÀ ¢√é¬u™x Å®Ωnç ØËE-
°æ¤púø’ ¢Á∞¡Ÿh-Ø√o-†-E- é¬F, ®ÓW ¢Á∞«h-†-E-é¬F (véπ´’ç
ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈ ïJÍí °æ†’-©èπ◊).I will go - Åçõ‰
future ™ ¢Á-∞«h†E– Åçõ‰ ¶µºN-≠æu-ûª’h™  Ñ È®çúø’
äéπöÀ é¬ü¿’ éπü∆?
4. -Å™« ¢√öÀE plural ™ ¢√úøôç ûªÊ°p. Å™« ¢√úø-
èπÿ-úø-ü¿’.
- M. SURESAN