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= 2.766
Pp = (2.766)(18 9.81)(2) + 2(20)(2)2.766= 178.35
FS = [V tan (k) + B k c + Pp ] / Pa cos
= 1.34 < 1.5 (Design failed)
Factor of safety against bearing capacity
e = B/2 -
= 0.78
B/6 = 0.67
The e cannot be used because the the value is more than B/6.
Rankine Theory Method
Trial 2
B = 0.6H = 4.8m
D = 2.0m
H= 8.0m
Factor Of Safety Against Overturning
K
a
= cos
= 20, 1 = 28
K
a
= cos20
K
a
= 0.9397 x
= 0.46
2.0
2.1
Depth (m) Pressure (kN/m)
0 K
a
q = (0.46)(20) 9.2
5.95 K
a
H
1
= (0.46)(18)(5.95) 58.47
8.95 K
a
H
2
= (0.46)(18-9.81)(3) 69.77
Pa = 331.62 kN/m
Pv = Pa sin 20 = 331.62 sin 20 = 113.42 kN/m
Ph = Pa cos 20 = 331.62 cos 20 = 311.62kN/m
V = 582.17 kN/m
MR = 1430.34 kN-m/m
Mo = Ph (H/3) = 929.67 kN.m/m
FS
overturning
=
= 0.53
B/6 = 0.7
q
toe
=
(1 +
) = 287.95 kN/m
q
heel
=
(1 -
) = 2.01 kN/m
For
2
=26, N
c
= 22.25, N
q
= 11.85, N
= 12.54
q
u
= c N
c
F
cd
F
ci
+ q N
q
F
qd
F
qi
+ B N
F
d
F
i
= 765.54 kN/m
2
FS
bearing capacity
= q
u
/ q
toe
= 2.62 < 3
The factor of safety against bearing capacity failure is insufficient
for this design.
Coulomb Theory Method
Trial 1
Factor of safety against overturning
= 20, = 28
K
a
=
)
(
K
a
=
= 0.52
Depth (m) Calculation Pressure
(kN/m)
0 K
a
q = (0.52)(20) 10.44
3 K
a
H
1
= (0.52)(18)(3.0) 38.63
5 K
a
H
2
= (0.52)(18-9.81)(5) 60
Hydrostati
c pressure
w
x 5 49.05
Pa = 83.52+ 42.28 + 140.95 + 53.42 +49.05 = 369.82 kN/m
Pv = Pa sin 19.6 = 369.82 sin 19.6 = 123.85 kN/m
Ph = Pa cos 19.6 = 369.82 cos 19.6 = 347.82 kN/m
No Area
(m)
Concret
e(kN/m
)
Weight/Un
it Length
(kN/m)
Momen
t Arm
(m)
Moment
(kN.m/m)
1 0.5 x 7.5 24 90 1.35 121.5
2 0.5 x 0.5
x 7.5
24 45 1 45
3 0.8 x 4 24 76.8 2 153.6
Pv 123.8 4 495.4
V = 335.6 MR = 815.5
Mo = Ph (H/3) = 347.82 (8/3) = 927.52 kN.m/m
FS
overturning
=
e = 4/2 -
= 2.33m
B/6 = 4/6 = 0.666
e > B/6, design failed.
For a cantilever wall, Coulombs Method is not suitable to be used
due to the reasons of factor of safety against overturning, bearing
capacity and sliding failures.
Item
Calculation Comment
3.0 Proposed Design
Factor Of Safety Against Overturning
= 20, 1 = 28
K
a
= cos
K
a
= cos20
K
a
= 0.9397 x
= 0.460
Ka = 0.4605 (From table), = 20, 1 = 28
Pa = 0.5 x 18 x 8
2
x 0.4605 = 265.25
Pv = Pa sin 20 = 265.25 sin 20 = 90.72 kN/m
Ph = Pa cos 20 = 265.25 cos 20 = 249.25 kN/m
2
Depth
(m)
Pressure (kN/m)
0 K
a
q = (0.46)(20) 9.2
4.3 K
a
H
1
= (0.46)(18)(4.3) 44.8
8.5 K
a
H
2
= (0.46)(18-9.81)(4.2) 60.62
1
3
0.5m
B = 5.0m
D = 1.5m
0.2m
1.5m
6.5m
3.0m c
0.5m
4
5
H = 8.5m
Mo = Ph (H/3) = 249.25(8.5/3) = 706.21 kN.m/m
FS
overturning
=
= 3.32 > 2
The factor of safety is sufficient to resist overturning of the wall
Factor of safety against sliding
FS = [V tan (k) + B k c + Pp ] / Pa cos
Kp = tan ( 45 + 26/2) = 2.561
Pp = Kp D + 2c D
Pp = (2.561)(18 9.81)(2.5) + 2(20)(1.5)= 161.57 kN/m
FS = [(728.82) tan (2/3 x 28) + (5)(2/3)(20) + 161.57] /249.25
FS = 1.9 > 1.5
The factor of safety against sliding is sufficient for this design
Factor of safety against bearing capacity
e = B/2 -
e = 5/2 -
= 0.25
B/6 = 5/6 = 0.833
Hence, e can be used to calculate q
toe
and q
heel
since the value of e is
less than B/6.
No Area (m) Weight/U
nit
Length
(kN/m)
Moment
Arm (m)
Moment
(kN.m/m)
1 0.5 x 6.5 3.25 78 1.75 136.5
2 0.5 x 0.2 x
6.5
0.65 15.6 1.43 22.308
3 1.5 x 5 7.5 180 2.5 450
4 3 x 6.5 19.5 351 3.5 1228.5
5 0.5 x 3 x 0.5 0.75 13.5 4 54
90.72 5 453.6
V = 728.82 MR = 2344.91
Let K
1
= K
2
=2/3
q
toe
=
(1 +
)
q
toe
=
(1 +
) = 189.49 kN/m
q
heel
=
(1 -
)
q
heel
=
(1 -
) = 102.03 kN/m
q
u
= c N
c
F
cd
F
ci
+ q N
q
F
qd
F
qi
+ B N
F
d
F
i
For
2
=26,
N
c
= 22.25
N
q
= 11.85
N
= 12.54
q = D = 18 x 1.5 = 27 kN/m
B = B- 2e = 5 2(0.25) = 4.5 m
F
qd =
1 + 2 tan (1- sin)
F
qd =
1 + 2 tan 26 (1- sin 26)
= 1.102
F
cd
= F
qd
F
cd
= 1.102
= 1.111
F
d
= 1
F
ci
= F
qi
= (1- /90)
= tan
-1
(
) = tan
-1
(
) = 18.88
So,
F
ci
= F
qi
= (1- 18.88/90) = 0.62
F
i
= (1- /
2
) = (1- 18.88/20) = 0.00314 0
q
u
= (20 x 22.25 x 1.111 x 0.62) + (27 x 11.85 x 1.102 x 0.62) +
(0.5 x 18 x 4.5 x 12.54 x 1 x 0)
q
u
= 386.52 + 218.6 + 0 = 605.12 kN/m
FS
bearing capacity
= q
u
/ q
toe
= 605.12 /189.49 = 3.19 > 3 (OK)
The factor of safety against bearing capacity failure is sufficient for
this design.