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-1-1 3 .............................................................................................................................................
- 1-1-1 3 ..........................................................................................................................................
- 2-1-1 5 ..............................................................................................................................................................
- 3-1-1 7 .....................................................................................................................................................................

-2-1 9 .......................................................................................................................................................
-3-1 12................................................................................................................
-4-1 12.............................................................................................................
-5-1 16.................................................................................................................. Eriksson

-1-2 23...................................................................................................................................................................
-2-2 24..................................................................
- 1-2-2 24 ............................................................................................................................................................
-1- 1-2-2 24 ..............................................................................................................................................................
-2- 1-2-2 DC 27 ........................................................................................................................................... Dg
-3- 1-2-2 28 ............................................................................................. Im
-4- 1-2-2 29 ............................................................. SFFOR
-5- 1-2-2 31 ......................................................................................................................................................
-6- 1-2-2 32 .................................................................................................................................................................
- 2-2-2 32 ..........................................................................................................................................Eriksson
-1- 2-2-2 32 ...................................................................................................................................................... SFFOR
-2- 2-2-2 34 ....................................................
- 3-2-2 ]34 ............................................................................................................. [1
- 4-2-2 37 .................................................................................................................... SFFOR
- 5-2-2 41 ..............................................................................................................................................................
-1- 5-2-2 41 ................................................................................................................................
-2- 5-2-2 43 .......................................................................................................................
-3- 5-2-2 43 ..................................................................................................................
-4- 5-2-2 43 ...............................................................................................................................

 - 6-2-2 44......................................................................................................................SFFOR
- 7-2-2 44..........................................................................................

-3-2 46 ......................................................................................
- 1-3-2 46..............................................................................
- 2-3-2 58..................................................................................

-4-2 62 ........................................................................................

-1-3 65 ....................................................................................................................................
- 2-3 )66 .......................................................................... (OPGW
- 1-2-3 66................................................................................................................................................................................
- 2-2-3 67.......................................................................................................................................................... OPGW
-1- 2-2-3 67........................................................................................................................................................
-2- 2-2-3 67.......................................................................................................................................................
-3- 2-2-3 69..........................................................................................................................................................................
- 3-2-3 69............................................................................................................................................................
-1- 3-2-3 - 69....................................................................................................................................................
-2- 3-2-3 69.................................................................................................................................................
-3- 3-2-3 70................................................................................................................................................................
-4- 3-2-3 70................................................................................................................................................
-5- 3-2-3 ) (71........................................................................
-6- 3-2-3 ) ( 71...............................................................................
-7- 3-2-3 ) ( 71................................................................
-8- 3-2-3 ) ( 72..........................................................................
-9- 3-2-3 72.......................................................................................................................................................
-10- 3-2-3 72............................................................................................................................................................
) :(1- 3 )74........................................................................... (RTS
) :(2- 3 76...................................................................................................................................................
) :(3- 3 78.......................................................................................................................................
) :(4- 3 80.................................................................................................................................................
) :(5- 3 82.............................................................................................................................................
) :(6- 3 84....................................................................................................................................
) :(7- 3 OPGW 85......................................................

.
.


.
.

.

-1-1
-1-1-1

.
.
.
. .
.

.
2 300
. ) (1-1 .
. 10 . ) (2-1
.
.

:1-1

:2-1

-2-1-1
i 2 dt i dt .
20 10
100 100 .
. 5
i 2 dt 10000 A2.Sec. :
)(1-1

E = ri 2 dt 50KJ

.

.
.

.
)
(... ] 1 : [2

1
Z2

1
2
f
e
=
) ( x
2
x

) Ln( x

m
= Z

)(2-1

:
: x
) = f(x x .
=
= m .
50 50 .
x m :
)(3-1

= me 2

x.

I .
m CIGRE ) (2-1 :
)(4-1

I 20KA
I > 20KA

m = 64.1KA , = 1.33
m = 33.1KA , = 0.605

CIGRE
]: [2
3 I < 20KA

)(5-1

Z2

1.6

Q(I) = 1 0.31e

Q(I) = 0.5-0.35Z , 20 I < 60KA

2

60 I 200KA

Z
1.7

Q(I) = 0.278e

) Q(I I
) F(I I :
)(6-1

)Q(I)=1-F(I

) (5-1 IEEE ) Q(I ]:[3

)(7-1

1
2.6

I
1+
31

= )Q(I

) (3-1 CIGRE IEEE

.
I .

:3-1 CIGRE IEEE .

) (5-1 ) (7-1
) (5-1 CIGRE
.
-3-1-1

.
) (4-1 .

:4-1 ) (.

) ( .
. :
[4] Young)(8-1

r g = 27I 0.32
rc = Arg

: [5] Brown& Whitehead)(9-1

rg = 6.4I 0.75
0.75

rc = 7.1I

: [6] Love)(10-1

rg = 10I 0.65
rc = 10I 0.65

- : [1] IEEE-1991 T&D Committee

)(11-1

rg = Brc
0.65

- : [7] IEEE-1992 T&D Committee

rc = 8I

)(12-1

rg = Crc
rc = 10I 0.65

- 8] Mousa&IEEE-1995 Substations Committee: [9

)(13-1

rg = 8I 0.65
rc = 8I 0.65

- : [10] Eriksson

)(14-1

rc = 0.67y 0.6 I 0.74

rs = 0.67h 0.6 I 0.74

: I
: rg
: rc ) (14-1
: rs ) (14-1
: h
: y
B A C :
h 18m

)(15-1

h < 18m

)(16-1
)(17-1

0.6 < B < 0.9

h 40m

444

= A
462 h

A = 1
22
y

=B

)C = 0.36 + 0.17Ln(43 h

h >40m h = 40m

-2-1
.

24 .
.
60 .

10

. .
1965 1975 )(5-1
. ) (1-1.
:1-1

5 10

10 15

15

:5-1 1344 1354 .

11

12

-3-1

) (GFD
.
.
GFD

]:[11
N g = 0.04(Td )1.25

)(18-1
:
: Ng .
: Td .

GFD ]:[12
N g = 0.054(Th )1.1

)(19-1
Th .

-4-1

Wagner 1961 ] .[13

. 605 50000

(50000/605=) 83/3 . 605 KV/m
. Wagner
[14] Lundholm
[15] RUSCK :
)(20-1
:

1
)1 + (500/I

=V

: V
: I .
1. Ground flash density
2. Geometric model of the last step of the lighting storke

13

Wagner ] .[16 ) (6-1 .

:6-1

. Wagner
) (v :
)(21-1

V
1 2.2V 2

v = 120

V .
:
) (6-1 . .-

V
r
C

= r C

) 605 KV/m ( .
.
.
- ) -(
- ) - ( .

14

rc . rg ) (3-1-1
.
) (7-1
. :
rc rg ) (3-1-1.
rg . rc .

:7-1

A B ) (7-1
A B ) (7-1 .
N(G)
:
)(22-1

N(G)=2NgLDg

L 2LDg .
Ng
. f(I)dI
I :

)(23-1

15

dN(G)=2NgLDgf(I)dI

:
)(24-1

) (7-1 Dg :
)(25-1

N(G) = 2N g L D g f (I)dI
3

rc (rg h) 2
2

= D g

r h

1 g
= Sin
rc

D = r Cos
g c

)(26-1

.
3 .
. 3 CIGRE ] .[1
1 2
. 3
.
IG
:
)(27-1
:

Dg f(I)dI

IG
3

)Dg f(I

)(28-1
) (8-1 .

:8-1 )f(IG

2N g L

)N(G

2N g L
)N(G

= ) F(I G

= ) f(I G

16

Dg rg > h . rg h
Dg rc .
Sg ) (9-1 .
:
)(29-1

N(G) = N g L (2Dg + Sg )f(I)dI

3

)(30-1

D g f(I)dI + N g LSg

N(G) = 2N g L

:
2N g L IG
Sg

3 Dg f(I)dI + F(I)
N(G)
2

2N g L
Sg
= ) f(IG
) Dg + f(I
N(G)
2

)(31-1

= ) F(IG

:9-1

-5-1

Eriksson

) (3-1-1
Eriksson . )(10-1
:
rc rS rg .

17

.
.
.
h y . ) (10-1 .
rs .
A B .
.

:10-1 Eriksson .

Dg :
)(32-1

Dg= rs =0.67 h0.6 I0.74

:
)(33-1

N(G) = 2N g L D g f(I)dI
3

) (24-1 . ) (30-1
Dg.

18

22

23

-1-2

.
.
. .

.



.
) (SFFOR ) 0/05
(


.
.

.

:
:

) (.
:
)
(.

24

:
.

. :
) (CFO _ ) (.
) ( .
:

.
:

.

.

-2-2
-1-2-2
-1-1-2-2

) (1-2 .
rc . rg
. B A C .
A B
B C .
.
Dc 2Dg+Sg ) (1-2
.
) (1-2

25

) (SFR Dc

:
SFR = 2N g LD c

)(1-2

I f(I)dI d(SFR)
:
)(2-2

d(SFR) = 2N g LD C f(I)dI

SFR :
)(3-2

D c f (I)dI

Im
3

SFR = 2N g L

3 Im Im
. ) (2-2
) (1-2 . DC

DC . Im .
3
. 3 CIGRE
1 2 .

:1-2

26

:2-2 Im Dc=0

) (3-2 Im
D g . N(G) :
)(4-2

Im
N(G) = N g L (2D g + Sg )f(I)dI + (2D g + Sg )f(I)dI
3

Im

Sg :
)(5-2

Im

N(G) = 2N g L D g f(I)dI + Dg f(I)dI + N g LS g

3

Im

:3-2 D g I>Im

27

- 2- 1- 2- 2 DC Dg

) (4-2 ) (1-2 . rc 2
:
)(6-2

a 2 + (h y) 2
C
(h y) 1 + tan 2
= Sin 1
= Sin 1
2rC
2rC
2rC

= Sin 1

) (4-2 :
r y

1 g
= Sin
rc

= tan 1 a
hy

)(7-2

) (4-2 Dc Dg :
)(8-2

]) D C = rc [Cos Cos( +

) D g = rc Cos(

:4-2 )(1-2

28

- 3- 1- 2- 2 Im

) (5-2
Im . rg Im rgm a
:

:5-2 Im

)(9-2

rc 2 (rg y) 2

:
)(10-2

rc 2 (rg h) 2

r = h + y 1 + 1 K 1 + a
gm
0

2K 0
h + y

2
2
K 0 = 1 Sin

r
= cm
rgm

h+y
2
C2
2
rcm

rgm

)(11-2
C2

)(12-2

>> rcm2 :

=a

= Sin

(h + y) / 2
1 Sin

= rgm

29

Im rgm :
)(13-2

)(14-2

rgm
Im =
A
rgm = AI m b

A b ) (rg.
- 4- 1- 2- 2 SFFOR

SFR .
.
CFO .
SFR
. ) (6-2 E :
)(15-2

Zc
2

E=I

Zc :
)(16-2

2h
L
= 60Ln av
C
r

= ZC

: hav
: r .
R0 r . R0
:
)(17-2

R0 = r d

)(18-2

= R0

)(19-2

r d2

R 0 = 1.09 4 r d 3

d .
E CFO
:
)(20-2

)2(CFO
ZC

= IC

30

:6-2 E CFO

.
) tT (7-2 CFO

CFO CFO . CFO

605 S ) (6-2 ].[1

:7-2

)(3-2 SFFOR :
)(21-2

D C f (I)dI

Im
IC

SFFOR = 2N g L

31

-5-1-2-2

SFFOR Im IC ) (21-2
. ) (5-2 P .
. ) (5-2 :
)(22-2

r h

1 g
P = Sin
rC

+ = Sin 1 rg y
P
rC

P :

rg y
1 1 rg h
+ sin 1
Sin

2
rC
rC

)(23-2

= P

ap :
)(24-2

rc 2 (rg h) 2 rc 2 (rg y) 2

= ap

:
)(25-2

ap
hy

rg (h + y) / 2

)(26-2
C

2

C
)
4

>> rc :

P = Sin 1

( rc2

rg (h + y) / 2

)(27-2

P = tan 1

rc

P = Sin 1

) Sin-1x=x x ( )(23-2
:
)(28-2

1 h+y
(
)
rc
2

h+y

2

rg
rc

rg (h + y) / 2
rc

= P

1.Perfect shielding angle

32

-6-1-2-2

.
Young
. Young Whitehead
:
)(29-2

f ( ) = KCos 2

.
SFFOR 10 29 SFFOR . rg<(h+y)/2
) (28-2
.
-2-2-2 Eriksson
) (1-2-2 . Eriksson

] [10
.
- 1- 2- 2- 2 SFFOR

Eriksson . ) (8-2
.
. rc
. .
.
DC :
)(30-2

D C = rC

. SFR SFFOR :
)(31-2

SFR = 2N L Im D f (I)dI
g 3
C

Im
SFFOR = 2N g L D C f (I)dI
I

1 .Stroke angle

33

:8-2 Eriksson

) (8-2 DC :
)(32-2

rs 2 (c d) 2 = rc 2 d 2

rc 2 rs 2 + c 2
= d

2c

1 d
1 = Cos r
c

1 c d
2 = Cos
rs

= 1 +
2

)(33-2
:
)(34-2

)rc
2

D C = ( 1 +

34

-2-2-2-2

ap P ) (9-2 :
a = rs2 (h y) 2 rc
p

ap
1
p = tan
hy

)(35-2

a Im ) (9-2 .
rc rcm :
1

2
2
2

rcm = 2 1 a + a + c ( 1)

0.6
= rs h

rc y

)(36-2
) (14-1 Im :

r
0.74
Im = cm 0.6
0.67y

)(37-2

:9-2 Eriksson

35

-3-2-2 ][1
) (3-3-1
) (10-2 ) (11-2 .
Eriksson
.
Young
. 5
20 . 10
28 .

30 5 ) (10-2
35 19 . IEEE-1992,Br-Wh IEEE-

Substation -18 -13 .

90 ) (
. .

Young
.

:10-2 Ic=5KA

36

) : (11-2 Ic=10KA

.
. Young
y
.y rg ) (a12-2 .
.
rg . rc
A . A )
) ((a12-2 .
rc .
. ) (b12-2
.
) (a12-2 rc . rc
) (a12-2 .
) (c12-2 ) (d12-2 rc
. ) (c12-2 y<rg h>rg .

37

. y rg
) (d12-2 . ) (10-2 ) (11-2
Young .

:12-2

-4-2-2 SFFOR

) SFFOR
( .
Ng 1 4
.
.
SFFOR ] .[1 SFFOR
.
0/05 100 . 2 100
.
SFFOR
) (SFFOR=0 ) 10-2 (11-2 .
.

38

) ( SFFOR
) (13-2 .
10 .
) (13-2
. .

:13-2

y=28m , h=30m , Ic=10KA Ng=4

) (13-2 .
SFFOR 0/2 100 ) (13-2
33 26 24 34 .
Young , Love Brown-Whitehead IEEE-

1992 . SFFOR
) (14-2 SFFOR 0/05 100 .

39

:14-2 y=28m , h=30m , Ic=10KA Ng=4

) (14-2 .
Love Young
Brown-Whitehead .
) IEEE-92 ((h+y)/2
c ) (12-1.
Young
.
Young ) (14-2
. .
SFFOR 0/05 100
Brown-Whitehead IEEE-92 . .
.
.
2

. .

40

) (15-2 ) (16-2
Brown-Whitehead IEEE-92 SFFOR 0/05
100 .

:15-2 SFFOR=0.05/100Km-year
Brown-Whitehead

41

:16-2 SFFOR=0.05/100Km-year IEEE-92

-5-2-2
-1-5-2-2

.
) (15-2 ) (16-2 .
) (17-2 G .

42

:17-2

rg .
:
)(38-2

a = rc2 (rg h ) 2 rc2 (rg y) 2

:
)(39-2

) a = (a + h tan G

) h = (h a tan G
y = ya Cos
G

a
.
30 15 15
.

43

-2-5-2-2

) (18-2 .
.
.
.
.

:18-2

-3-5-2-2

.
.
.
.
-4-5-2-2

.
.
.

.

44

-6-2-2 SFFOR

.
SFFOR G.J. Anderson ] [12 . Im DC
Anderson DC IC Im DC I= IC

. DC I= IC DCC . DCC
SFFOR :
f (I)dI

)(40-2

Im
IC

D CC
2

SFFOR = 2N g L

D CC
) P(I m I I C
2
D
] ) = 2N g L CC [ F(I m ) F(I C
2
D CC
= 2N g L
]) [Q(IC ) Q(I m
2
= 2N g L

) Q(I ) (5-1 .
-7-2-2
:
:
SFFOR
. SFFOR
. SFFOR 0/05 100 .
:
:
. ) ( )
(
) (CFO ) (IC .
:
)(41-2

2
fC
3

y = yt

45

:
: y
: yt
: fc
:


SFFOR .
:

SFFOR . :
. ) (15-2 ) (16-2 . (h+y)/2 h y
h

) ( . .
Im ) (12-2 ) (13-2 Brown-Whitehead ) IEEE-1992 9-1 12-1 ( .
SFFOR ) (40-2 .
SFFOR SFFOR
.
SFFOR )
( .
.

) 5( . y h
) yt )-2
(41 ( ht .

46

)(42-2

2
ft
3

h = ht

: h
: ht
: ft
-3-2
) (
.
) (
... .

. 20

.
) ( ].[20

... OPGW
. OPGW


...
.
-1-3-2

80
) (...
.
OPGW

. HV EHV 20 25 .
1 .Fault clearing time

47

) 1 3(
.
] [20 ) (
500 . .
: ) (19-2 . A
B .
. B

0/4 A .

....
.
.
.

:19-2 ] [20

- . ) (20-2 .

.

48

:20-2

: .
) (21-2 .

49

:21-2

) (A
.

.
:
) (22-2
1/61 A .
A .
) 7#8 AW(Alumo Weld 20
. .
A 46 )
(.

50

:22-2
) 1/61 A (

. )-2
(23
. .
1/61 A . ) (23-2
) (22-2 . ) (22-2 46
) (23-2 7#8 AW 20
.

51

:23-2 1/61 A

) (22-2 ) (23-2 :
) (A .
ACSR (ACS)AW EHS . .
15 20 .
.
3
20 3
8

EHS

30 .
.

52

:

. ) (24-2 7#8 AW 20
. ) (22-2 16/1
A . .
) 1/61 16/1 (A
46 26 .

.

:24-2
) 16/1 A (

20 .
20 .
A 3
) (25-2 .

53

:25-2
A 3

37
.
.
.

) (26-2 3 . 16/1
A 7#8 AW .

54

:26-2 3
16/1 A

24
) (24-2 1/61

34 .



) (26-2 .

.
25 30

35 45 .

55

: .
.
.

.

.
.
.

55 45 50 .

- :

50

.
.
.
dc .

:
EHV
15 20 .
.

:
.
X d . ) ( X d
.

X d .
.
.

56

:
.


. ) (27-2 .

:27-2

) (27-2 .

.

.

. RI2
X d .
.

dc :
dc . dc
.
dc X/R .
.

57

dc . ) (28-2
) ( X/R
. )
dc ( .

:28-2 dc

10 X/R 20
ac 1/15
. dc ac .
: .
X d
.

. X d
.
dc .

58

) 3( 30 40
) ( )
20 30 ( 45 48 )
( .
40
) ( .


.
. ] [22-20
.
-2-3-2 :

RI2
.
.
)
(...
. :
1 .
.
]: [20
)(43-2
:

)) JA 2 DSLn(1 + ( 0
t 104

=I

: I
:
: J 4/185
: A

1. Specific heat

59

: S
: D
:
: t
: 0
:
:
. . . .
.

) (43-2 .
) (43-2 .
) (43-2 )(29-2
. ) (1-2 ) (43-2
) (29-2 ] 20 .[23

60

:29-2

)-(1-2 )(43-2

Ohm-cm

1
C

)AW(ACS
8/53 * 10-6

EHS
15/9 * 10-6

ACSR
2/87 * 10-6

0/0036

0/0035

0/0040

400

400

200

40

40

40

6/66

7/86

2/70

0/118

0/118

0/210

grm

D
S

cm3
C

grm

Cal

) (1-2 ] [23
] .[20 EHS
. (ACS) AW
ACSR
.
EHS 400
. ] [23
400 200 AW ACSR .
.

61

) (43-2
. :
)(44-2

t
)) JDSLn(1 + ( 0

ASC = 100I

Asc .

.
:
)(45-2

)) JA L2 DSLn(1 + ( o
10 4

< K 2 IL2 (t)dt

t

AL
. ) IL(t
. ) (45-2
) 106 ~ 107 A2.Sec ( K .
.
) 60(
.
K 0/5 . 40

K
0/5 .
) K = 0/5 107 A2.Sec (
:
)(46-2

2.5 1010
)) JDSLn(1 + ( 0

> AL

) (1-2 ) (46-2
EHS (ACS)AW ACSR :
- : (ACS)AW

AL> 17 mm2

- :EHS

AL> 21 mm2

- : ACSR

AL> 16 mm2

62

ASC
AL .
OPGW

. ) (1-2
OPGW . OPGW

.
OPGW
. OPGW
300 180 ].[24
:
) ACSR (OPGW


.
. OPGW
)
( .
-4-2
.
.
.


.


.

63

. .



.
. )
( .
.
.

.

:
. .
.

.
.

. 80
) 1(EDS .


.

1 Every day stress

-1-3
HS) GS (AW) ACS : (EHS ACSR
:
1:
- -

2:

) ( :

) (OPGW

1.Type test
2. Sample test

. " "
.
-2-3 )(OPGW

) (OPGW .
-1-2-3
-

)(OPGW

. OPGW .
-

OPGW .
.
OPGW .
-

)(MAT

.
-

)(RTS

OPGW .
-

OPGW 5 .
-

)(MAOC

OPGW .

1.Optical unit
2. Max. Allowable Tension
3. Rated Tensile Strength
4 .Strain Margin
5 .Longitudinal
6 .Max. Allowable ovality

-2-2-3 OPGW

-1-2-2-3

: .
OPGW .

.
OPGW
.
: OPGW .
-2-2-2-3 :
:
IEC
60793.
OPGW
:
( -
(
(

(
(

1 .Stress- strain test

2 .Tensile test
3 .Sheave test
4 .Aeolian test
5 .Galloping test
6 .Creep test
7 .Temperature cycling test

(
(

:
4 IEC 60793-1-4
.
100 .
.

:
(
(
(
:

RTS OPGW .
10 .
) (1-3
dc .
:
:
( IEC 60104 _ _ .
( IEC 60888 .
( IEC 60889 .
( IEC 61232 .
10 .
1 .Water penetration test
2 .Short circuit test
3 .Lightning test
4 .Fibre optical attenuation measurements

OPGW :
OPGW ) (2-2-6 IEC 61089 .
10 .
-3-2-2-3

) (7-6 IEC 61089.

-3-2-3
-1-3-2-3 -

- OPGW .
B IEC 61089 .
10 ) ( .
.
OPGW .
.
OPGW OPGW 95
RTS . .
-2-3-2-3

OPGW
B IEC 61089 :
) ( B IEC 61089 .
OPGW 10 )
( . 100

1 .Inspection
2 .Tensile performance test

30 .
1 .
) 2(OTDR
OTDR .

OPGW.
:
) (OPGW .
) (MAT . -3-3-2-3

OPGW
. ) (2-3
.
:
. ) ( MAOC :d1 d 2
%
d1 + d 2

)(1-3
:

= MAOC

= d1 .
=d2 d1 .
OPGW .
-4-3-2-3

OPGW 3
. ) (3-3 .
:

1 .Power meter

2 .Optical time domain Reflectometer

3 .Fatigue

.
MAOC ) MAOC 1-3 (.
.-5-3-2-3 ) (

OPGW
. ) (4-3 .
:
.
MAOC ) MAOC 1-3 (.
. -6-3-2-3 ) (:

IEC 61395 .
-7-3-2-3 ) ( :

IEC 60794 -1 - F1
:
: 500 : . 2 : . - :1 .

:2 . : . : .1 .Rampe rate
2 .Cooling rate

:1 24 . OPGW .

.
-8-3-2-3 ) (

) (
IEC 60794 -1 - F5 .
.
-9-3-2-3

OPGW .
) (5-3 .
:
.
) OPGW ( .

. ) 75 RTS (
.
.
-10-3-2-3

) (6-3 ) (7-3
.
: OPGW
.
) (6-3 .
1 .Soak time

OPGW .
:

.
OPGW
. 75 RTS
.
OPGW : OPGW
.
OPGW .
) (7-3 .
.
.

:1-3 ) (RTS
: dc
): (RTS ) ( .
OPGW Ax/Syz Ax Ax/Ay RTS IEC 61089 .
RTS 90
.
Z : :
)(2-3

A = (D 2o D i2 )( / 4)f

:
= A )(mm2
= Do )(mm
= Di )(mm

= f
0/9 0/92.
): (E :
)(3-3
:

) (E n .A n
An

=E

: En (N/mm2) n
: An (mm2) n

_ .
) (1-3-2-3 .
): ( :
)( 4-3
:
: En (N/mm2) n
: An (mm2) n

) ( n .E n .A n
) (E n .A n

: n (K-1) n.
: dc :
)( 5-3
:
: R dc OPGW )(/km

1
1

n R
n

=R

: Rn dc (/km) n Rn . :
)( 6-3
:
: )(.mm2/km
: Ai i )(mm2

: Fi i .
OPGW Fi=1 .

A i / Fi

= Rn

:2-3
_ :
) (1-3 .
100 .
1
. OTDR
OTDR .

:1-3

: :
) 30 : ( .

15 : RTS .

) 10 : (.

: .

1. Power meter

: 5 OPGW .
. .
OPGW MAOC
.
_ :
: ) (2-3 .
.

:2-3

: :
30 : .

15 : RTS .

: L .
: 50 OPGW 15 RTS . 30

OPGW .
.
. OPGW MAOC
.

:3-3
) (3-3 .

:3-3

OPGW . 1 2
OPGW .
.
30 .
20 . OPGW
1/5 0/5 .
OPGW 3 .
4 OPGW .
OPGW .
6 .
1.Load cell
2 .Calibrated beam

3 .Antinode
4 .An electronically controlled shaker

100 .

.
: :
:

: 107

40 10 :

20 5 : OPGW RTS

100 micro strain : OPGW

:
( OPGW .
( .
:

: 107

830
10 :
d

20 5 : OPGW RTS

OPGW :

d
10% (mm) :
3
d
10% (mm) :
5

d OPGW .
:
.
: 15
.
.
2 .

:4-3
) (4-3 .

:4-3

40 .
OPGW .
OPGW .
OPGW . 2 RTS
.
.
.
) ( 1 .
.
2 3 .
OPGW .
OPGW .
1 .Back span
)2.Mid-loop (antinode
3 .Single loop

100 .

.
: OPGW 105 . 1 4
.
1/25 .
: 500 15 .
2
.

) : (5-3
:
:
. A

. B OPGW
OPGW .
.
) (5-3 .

:5-3

:
.
OPGW .
OPGW OPGW .
.

: :

15 5 : RTS

: 10
: 100

: .

: .

: 2.

: 3 .

55 10 :
OPGW 40 5 .

OPGW .
2 5
. OPGW .

) : (6-3
: OPGW . 10 .
100 .

.
: .
.
:1-3

120KA

10 %

2(KA) .sec

10 %

<500 sec

<25 sec

2KA

10 %

<5msec

10c

10 %

*A

*msec

*c

10 %

100 KA

10 %

0.25 (KA) .sec

10 %

<500 sec

* .

: OPGW 405 .
OPGW .
OPGW
.

) :(7-3 OPGW
: ) (6-3 .
OPGW . OPGW
51 . OPGW

2 RTS 2 ) (.

:6-3 OPGW

:
. OPGW
.

:
[1] A. R. Hileman, "Insulation coordination for power systems", marcel dekker publisher, 1999, ISBN : 08247-9957-7.
[2] CIGRE working group 33.01, "Guide to procedures for estimating the lightning performance of
transmission lines, "Technical brochure No. 63, Oct.1991.
[3] IEEE working group on lightning performance of transmission lines, "A simplified method for
estimating the lightning performance of transmission lines", IEEE Trans. on PA&S, Apr. 1985, pp.
919-932.
[4] F. S. Young, J. M. Clayton and A.R. Hileman, "Shielding of transmission lines", AIEEE Trans. 61S,
1951, pp. 132-154.
[5] G. E. Brown and E. R. Witehead, "Field and analytical studies of Transmission line shielding-II",
IEEE Trans. on PA&S, 1969, pp. 617-626.
[6] E. R. Love, "Improvements on the lightning stroke modeling and application to design of EHV and
UHV transmission lines, "M. Sc. Thesis, university of Colorado, 1973.
[7] IEEE working group, "Estimating the lightning performance of transmission lines II-Updates to
analytical models", IEEE Trans. on power delivery, Jul. 1993, pp. 1254-1267.
[8] A. M. Mousa and K. D. Srivastava, "A Revised electrogeometric model for the termination of
lightning strokes on grounded objects", proceedings of international aerospace conference on
lightning and static electricity, Oklahoma city, Apr. 1988, pp. 342-352.
[9] IEEE standard 998-1996, "Guide for direct stroke shielding of substations".
[10] A. J. Eriksson, "An improved electrogeometric model for Transmission line shielding analysis",
IEEE Trans. on power delivery, Jul.1987, pp. 871-886.
[11] A. J. Eriksson, "The incidence of lightning strike to Transmission lines", IEEE Trans. on power
delivery, Jul.1987, pp. 859-870.
[12] J. G. Anderson, "Lightning performance of Transmission lines", chapter 12 of Transmission line
reference book, palo alto CA : Electric power research institute.
[13] C. F. Wagner and A. R. Hileman, "The lightning stroke-II", A IEEE Trans. on PA&S, Oct. 1961, pp.
622-242.
[14] R. Lindholm, "Induced over voltages on transmission lines and their bearing on the lightning
performance of medium voltage networks", diploic gotebery, gthenburg, Sweden, 1955, also see
Trans. of Chalmers university of technology (gothenberg, Sweden), 188, 1957, pp.1-17.
[15] S. Rusck, "Induced lightning over voltage on power transmission lines with special reference to over
voltage protection of low voltage networks", Trans. of Royall institute of technology (Stockholm,
Sweden), 120, 1958.
[16] C. F. Wagner, "The relation between stroke current and the velocity of the return stroke", IEEE
Trans. on PA&S, Oct. 1963, pp. 609-617.
[17] "Transmission line reference book 345KV and above", published by EPRI, 3412 Hillview avenue,
palo alto, CA 94304, 1979.
[18] ASTM B416-93, "Standard specification for concentric-lay-stranded aluminum-clad steel
conductors", 1993.
[19] ASTM A475-95, "Standard specification for zinc-coated steel wire strand", 1995.
[20] S. R. Lambert, "Minimum shield wire size-fault current considerations", IEEE Trans. on PAS, vol.
PAS 102, No. 3, March 1983, pp. 572-578.

[21] L. M. Popovice, "Practical method for evaluating ground fault current distribution in station, towers
and ground wires", IEEE Trans. on power delivery, Vol. 13, No.1, January 1998, pp. 123-128.
[22] F. Dawalibi, G. B. Niles, "Measurements and computations of fault current distribution on overhead
transmission lines", IEEE Trans. on PAS, Vol. PAS, No. 3, March 1984, pp. 553-560.
[23] "Current carring capacity of skywires", Ontario hydro research quarterly, fourth quarter, 1965.
[24] R. Kimata, K. Yoshida, T. A. Schehade, Dr. L. Varga, Dr. O. Gunter, "Development of an
application program to calculate short circuit temperature rise in OPGW", Furukaw review No. 18,
1999, pp. 45-50.

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