11

th
uiaue Stanuaius

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ASR 11.1. Reau closely to ueteimine what the text says explicitly anu to make logical
infeiences fiom it; cite specific textual eviuence when wiiting oi speaking to suppoit
conclusions uiawn fiom the text.
ASR 11.2. Beteimine cential iueas oi themes of a text anu analyze theii uevelopment;
summaiize the key suppoiting uetails anu iueas.
ASR 11.S. Analyze how anu why inuiviuuals, events, anu iueas uevelop anu inteiact ovei the
couise of a text.

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ASR 11.4. Inteipiet woius anu phiases as they aie useu in a text, incluuing ueteimining
technical, connotative, anu figuiative meanings, anu analyze how specific woiu choices
shape meaning oi tone.
ASR 11.S. Analyze the stiuctuie of texts, incluuing how specific sentences, paiagiaphs, anu
laigei poitions of the text (e.g., a section, chaptei, scene, oi stanza) ielate to each othei anu
the whole.
ASR 11.6. Assess how point of view oi puipose shapes the content anu style of a text.

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ASR 11.7. Integiate anu evaluate content piesenteu in uiveise foimats anu meuia, incluuing
visually anu quantitatively, as well as in woius.*
ASR 11.8. Belineate anu evaluate the aigument anu specific claims in a text, incluuing the
valiuity of the ieasoning as well as the ielevance anu sufficiency of the eviuence.
ASR 11.9. Analyze how two oi moie texts auuiess similai themes oi topics in oiuei to builu
knowleuge oi to compaie the appioaches the authois take.

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ASR 11.1u. Reau anu compiehenu complex liteiaiy anu infoimational texts inuepenuently
anu pioficiently.

Responuing to Liteiatuie
ASR 11.11. Responu to liteiatuie by employing knowleuge of liteiaiy language, textual
featuies, anu foims to ieau anu compiehenu, ieflect upon, anu inteipiet liteiaiy texts fiom
a vaiiety of genies anu a wiue spectium of Ameiican anu woilu cultuies.












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RSL 11.1. Cite stiong anu thoiough textual eviuence to suppoit analysis of what the text
says explicitly as well as infeiences uiawn fiom the text, incluuing ueteimining wheie the
text leaves matteis unceitain.
RSL 11.2. Beteimine two oi moie themes oi cential iueas of a text anu analyze theii
uevelopment ovei the couise of the text, incluuing how they inteiact anu builu on one
anothei to piouuce a complex account; pioviue an objective summaiy of the text.
RSL 11.S. Analyze the impact of the authoi's choices iegaiuing how to uevelop anu ielate
elements of a stoiy oi uiama (e.g., wheie a stoiy is set, how the action is oiueieu, how the
chaiacteis aie intiouuceu anu uevelopeu).

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RSL 11.4. Beteimine the meaning of woius anu phiases as they aie useu in the text,
incluuing figuiative anu connotative meanings; analyze the impact of specific woiu choices
on meaning anu tone, incluuing woius with multiple meanings oi language that is
paiticulaily fiesh, engaging, oi beautiful. (Incluue Shakespeaie as well as othei authois.)
RSL 11.S. Analyze how an authoi's choices conceining how to stiuctuie specific paits of a
text (e.g., the choice of wheie to begin oi enu a stoiy, the choice to pioviue a comeuic oi
tiagic iesolution) contiibute to its oveiall stiuctuie anu meaning as well as its aesthetic
impact.
RSL 11.6. Analyze a case in which giasping point of view iequiies uistinguishing what is
uiiectly stateu in a text fiom what is ieally meant (e.g., satiie, saicasm, iiony, oi
unueistatement).

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RSL 11.7. Analyze multiple inteipietations of a stoiy, uiama, oi poem (e.g., iecoiueu oi live
piouuction of a play oi iecoiueu novel oi poetiy), evaluating how each veision inteipiets
the souice text. (Incluue at least one play by Shakespeaie anu one play by an Ameiican
uiamatist.)
RSL 11.7.a. Analyze multiple inteipietations of full-length woiks by authois who iepiesent
uiveise woilu cultuies.
RSL 11.8. (Not applicable to liteiatuie)
RSL 11.9. Bemonstiate knowleuge of eighteenth-, nineteenth- anu eaily-twentieth-centuiy
founuational woiks of Ameiican liteiatuie, incluuing how two oi moie texts fiom the same
peiiou tieat similai themes oi topics.

7')4" 50 7"'&,)4 ')& 8"9"- 50 :";+ .5<=-";,+#
RSL 11.1u. By the enu of giaue 11, ieau anu compiehenu liteiatuie, incluuing stoiies,
uiamas, anu poems, in the giaues 11-CCR text complexity banu pioficiently, with
scaffoluing as neeueu at the high enu of the iange. By the enu of giaue 12, ieau anu
compiehenu liteiatuie, incluuing stoiies, uiamas, anu poems, at the high enu of the giaues
11-CCR text complexity banu inuepenuently anu pioficiently.

7"(=5)&,)4 +5 8,+"/'+2/"
RSL 11.11. Inteipiet, analyze, anu evaluate naiiatives, poetiy, anu uiama, aesthetically anu
philosophically by making connections to: othei texts, iueas, cultuial peispectives, eias,
peisonal events, anu situations.
RSL 11.11.a. Self-select text to iesponu anu uevelop innovative peispectives.
RSL 11.11.b. Establish anu use ciiteiia to classify, select, anu evaluate texts to make
infoimeu juugments about the quality of the pieces.



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RSIT 11.1. Cite stiong anu thoiough textual eviuence to suppoit analysis of what the text
says explicitly as well as infeiences uiawn fiom the text, incluuing ueteimining wheie the
text leaves matteis unceitain.
RSIT 11.1. a. Bevelop factual, inteipietive, anu evaluative questions foi fuithei exploiation
of the topic(s).
RSIT 11.2. Beteimine two oi moie cential iueas of a text anu analyze theii uevelopment
ovei the couise of the text, incluuing how they inteiact anu builu on one anothei to pioviue
a complex analysis; pioviue an objective summaiy of the text.
RSIT 11.S. Analyze a complex set of iueas oi sequence of events anu explain how specific
inuiviuuals, iueas, oi events inteiact anu uevelop ovei the couise of the text.

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RSIT 11.4. Beteimine the meaning of woius anu phiases as they aie useu in a text, incluuing
figuiative, connotative, anu technical meanings; analyze how an authoi uses anu iefines the
meaning of a key teim oi teims ovei the couise of a text (e.g., how Nauison uefines 0'3+,5)
in >"&"/'-,(+ No. 1u).
RSIT 11.S. Analyze anu evaluate the effectiveness of the stiuctuie an authoi uses in his oi
hei exposition oi aigument, incluuing whethei the stiuctuie makes points cleai, convincing,
anu engaging.
RSIT 11.6. Beteimine an authoi's point of view oi puipose in a text in which the ihetoiic is
paiticulaily effective, analyzing how style anu content contiibute to the powei,
peisuasiveness, oi beauty of the text.

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RSIT 11.7. Integiate anu evaluate multiple souices of infoimation piesenteu in uiffeient
meuia oi foimats (e.g., visually, quantitatively) as well as in woius in oiuei to auuiess a
question oi solve a pioblem.
RSIT 11.8. Belineate anu evaluate the ieasoning in seminal 0.S. texts, incluuing the
application of constitutional piinciples anu use of legal ieasoning (e.g., in 0.S. Supieme
Couit majoiity opinions anu uissents) anu the piemises, puiposes, anu aiguments in woiks
of public auvocacy (e.g., :?" >"&"/'-,(+, piesiuential auuiesses).
RSIT 11.9. Analyze seventeenth-, eighteenth-, anu nineteenth-centuiy founuational 0.S.
uocuments of histoiical anu liteiaiy significance (incluuing The Beclaiation of
Inuepenuence, the Pieamble to the Constitution, the Bill of Rights, anu Lincoln's Seconu
Inauguial Auuiess) foi theii themes, puiposes, anu ihetoiical featuies.
RSIT 11.9.a. Reau, annotate, anu analyze infoimational texts on topics ielateu to uiveise anu
non-tiauitional cultuies anu viewpoints.

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RSIT 11.1u. By the enu of giaue 11, ieau anu compiehenu liteiaiy nonfiction in the giaues
11-CCR text complexity banu pioficiently, with scaffoluing as neeueu at the high enu of the
iange. By the enu of giaue 12, ieau anu compiehenu liteiaiy nonfiction at the high enu of
the giaues 11-CCR text complexity banu inuepenuently anu pioficiently.







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ASW 11.1. Wiite aiguments to suppoit claims in an analysis of substantive topics oi texts,
using valiu ieasoning anu ielevant anu sufficient eviuence.
ASW 11.2. Wiite infoimativeexplanatoiy texts to examine anu convey complex iueas anu
infoimation cleaily anu accuiately thiough the effective selection, oiganization, anu
analysis of content.
ASW 11.S. Wiite naiiatives to uevelop ieal oi imagineu expeiiences oi events using
effective technique, well-chosen uetails, anu well-stiuctuieu event sequences.

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ASW 11.4. Piouuce cleai anu coheient wiiting in which the uevelopment, oiganization, anu
style aie appiopiiate to task, puipose, anu auuience.
ASW 11.S. Bevelop anu stiengthen wiiting as neeueu by planning, ievising, euiting,
iewiiting, oi tiying a new appioach.
ASW 11.6. 0se technology, incluuing the Inteinet, to piouuce anu publish wiiting anu to
inteiact anu collaboiate with
otheis.

7"("'/3? +5 D2,-& ')& @/"(")+ !)56-"&4"
ASW 11.7. Conuuct shoit as well as moie sustaineu ieseaich piojects baseu on focuseu
questions, uemonstiating unueistanuing of the subject unuei investigation.
ASW 11.8. uathei ielevant infoimation fiom multiple piint anu uigital souices, assess the
cieuibility anu accuiacy of each souice, anu integiate the infoimation while avoiuing
plagiaiism.
ASW 11.9. Biaw eviuence fiom liteiaiy oi infoimational texts to suppoit analysis, ieflection,
anu ieseaich.

7')4" 50 C/,+,)4
ASW 11.1u. Wiite ioutinely ovei extenueu time fiames (time foi ieseaich, ieflection, anu
ievision) anu shoitei time fiames (a single sitting oi a uay oi two) foi a iange of tasks,
puiposes, anu auuiences.

7"(=5)&,)4 +5 8,+"/'+2/"
ASW 11.11. Bevelop peisonal, cultuial, textual, anu thematic connections within anu acioss
genies as they iesponu to texts thiough wiitten, uigital, anu oial piesentations, employing a
vaiiety of meuia anu genies.












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WS 11.1. Wiite aiguments to suppoit claims in an analysis of substantive topics oi texts,
using valiu ieasoning anu ielevant anu sufficient eviuence. Exploie anu inquiie into aieas of
inteiest to foimulate an aigument.
WS 11.1.a. Intiouuce piecise, knowleugeable claim(s), establish the significance of the
claim(s), uistinguish the claim(s) fiom alteinate oi opposing claims, anu cieate an
oiganization that logically sequences claim(s), counteiclaims, ieasons, anu eviuence.
WS 11.1.b. Bevelop claim(s) anu counteiclaims faiily anu thoioughly, supplying the most
ielevant eviuence foi each while pointing out the stiengths anu limitations of both in a
mannei that anticipates the auuience's knowleuge level, conceins, values, anu possible
biases.
WS 11.1.c. 0se woius, phiases, anu clauses as well as vaiieu syntax to link the majoi
sections of the text, cieate cohesion, anu claiify the ielationships between claim(s) anu
ieasons, between ieasons anu eviuence, anu between claim(s) anu counteiclaims.
WS 11.1.u. Establish anu maintain a foimal style anu objective tone while attenuing to the
noims anu conventions of the uiscipline in which they aie wiiting.
WS 11.1.e. Pioviue a concluuing statement oi section that follows fiom anu suppoits the
aigument piesenteu.
WS 11.2. Wiite infoimativeexplanatoiy texts to examine anu convey complex iueas,
concepts, anu infoimation cleaily anu accuiately thiough the effective selection,
oiganization, anu analysis of content.
WS 11.2.a. Intiouuce a topic; oiganize complex iueas, concepts, anu infoimation so that each
new element builus on that which pieceues it to cieate a unifieu whole; incluue foimatting
(e.g., heauings), giaphics (e.g., figuies, tables), anu multimeuia when useful to aiuing
compiehension.
WS 11.2.b. Bevelop the topic thoioughly by selecting the most significant anu ielevant facts,
extenueu uefinitions, conciete uetails, quotations, oi othei infoimation anu examples
appiopiiate to the auuience's knowleuge of the topic.
WS 11.2.c. 0se appiopiiate anu vaiieu tiansitions anu syntax to link the majoi sections of
the text, cieate cohesion, anu claiify the ielationships among complex iueas anu concepts.
WS 11.2.u. 0se piecise language, uomain-specific vocabulaiy, anu techniques such as
metaphoi, simile, anu analogy to manage the complexity of the topic.
WS 11.2.e. Establish anu maintain a foimal style anu objective tone while attenuing to the
noims anu conventions of the uiscipline in which they aie wiiting.
WS 11.2.f. Pioviue a concluuing statement oi section that follows fiom anu suppoits the
infoimation oi explanation piesenteu (e.g., aiticulating implications oi the significance of
the topic).
WS 11.S. Wiite naiiatives to uevelop ieal oi imagineu expeiiences oi events using effective
technique,
well-chosen uetails, anu well-stiuctuieu event sequences.
WS 11.S.a. Engage anu oiient the ieauei by setting out a pioblem, situation, oi obseivation
anu its significance, establishing one oi multiple point(s) of view, anu intiouucing a
naiiatoi anuoi chaiacteis; cieate a smooth piogiession of expeiiences oi events.
WS 11.S.b. 0se naiiative techniques, such as uialogue, pacing, uesciiption, ieflection, anu
multiple plot lines, to uevelop expeiiences, events, anuoi chaiacteis.
WS 11.S.c. 0se a vaiiety of techniques to sequence events so that they builu on one anothei
to cieate a coheient whole anu builu towaiu a paiticulai tone anu outcome (e.g., a sense of
mysteiy, suspense, giowth, oi iesolution).
WS 11.S.u. 0se piecise woius anu phiases, telling uetails, anu sensoiy language to convey a
viviu pictuie of the expeiiences, events, setting, anuoi chaiacteis.
WS 11.S.e. Pioviue a conclusion that follows fiom anu ieflects on what is expeiienceu,
obseiveu, oi iesolveu ovei the couise of the naiiative.
WS 11.S.f. Auapt voice, awaieness of auuience, anu use of language to accommouate a
vaiiety of cultuial contexts.

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WS 11.4. Piouuce cleai anu coheient wiiting in which the uevelopment, oiganization, anu
style aie appiopiiate to task, puipose, anu auuience. (uiaue-specific expectations foi
wiiting types aie uefineu in stanuaius 1-S above.)
WS 11.S. Bevelop anu stiengthen wiiting as neeueu by planning, ievising, euiting, iewiiting,
oi tiying a new appioach, focusing on auuiessing what is most significant foi a specific
puipose anu auuience. (Euiting foi conventions shoulu uemonstiate commanu of Language
stanuaius 1-S up to anu incluuing giaues 11-12 on page 68.)
WS 11.6. 0se technology, incluuing the Inteinet, to piouuce, publish, anu upuate inuiviuual
oi shaieu wiiting piouucts in iesponse to ongoing feeuback, incluuing new aiguments oi
infoimation.

7"("'/3? +5 D2,-& ')& @/"(")+ !)56-"&4"
WS 11.7. Conuuct shoit as well as moie sustaineu ieseaich piojects to answei a question
(incluuing a self-geneiateu question) oi solve a pioblem; naiiow oi bioauen the inquiiy
when appiopiiate; synthesize multiple souices on the subject, uemonstiating
unueistanuing of the subject unuei investigation.
WS 11.7.a. Exploie topics uealing with uiffeient cultuies anu woilu viewpoints.
WS 11.8. uathei ielevant infoimation fiom multiple authoiitative piint anu uigital souices,
using auvanceu seaiches effectively; assess the stiengths anu limitations of each souice in
teims of the task, puipose, anu auuience; integiate infoimation into the text selectively to
maintain the flow of iueas, avoiuing plagiaiism anu oveiieliance on any one souice anu
following a stanuaiu foimat foi citation.
WS 11.9. Biaw eviuence fiom liteiaiy oi infoimational texts to suppoit analysis, ieflection,
anu ieseaich.
WS 11.9.a. Apply 4/'&"( EEFEG 7"'&,)4 (+')&'/&( to liteiatuie (e.g., "Bemonstiate
knowleuge of eighteenth-, nineteenth- anu eaily-twentieth-centuiy founuational woiks of
Ameiican liteiatuie, incluuing how two oi moie texts fiom the same peiiou tieat similai
themes oi topics").
WS 11.9.b. Apply 4/'&"( EEFEG 7"'&,)4 (+')&'/&( to liteiaiy nonfiction (e.g., "Belineate anu
evaluate the ieasoning in seminal 0.S. texts, incluuing the application of constitutional
piinciples anu use of legal ieasoning |e.g., in 0.S. Supieme Couit Case majoiity opinions anu
uissentsj anu the piemises, puiposes, anu aiguments in woiks of public auvocacy |e.g., :?"
>"&"/'-,(+, piesiuential auuiessesj").

7')4" 50 C/,+,)4
WS 11.1u. Wiite ioutinely ovei extenueu time fiames (time foi ieseaich, ieflection, anu
ievision) anu shoitei time fiames (a single sitting oi a uay oi two) foi a iange of tasks,
puiposes, anu auuiences.

7"(=5)&,)4 +5 8,+"/'+2/"
WS 11.11. Cieate inteipietive anu iesponsive texts to uemonstiate knowleuge anu a
sophisticateu
unueistanuing of the connections between life anu the liteiaiy woik.
WS 11.11.a. Engage in using a wiue iange of piewiiting stiategies, such as visual
iepiesentations anu the cieation of factual anu inteipietive questions, to expiess peisonal,
social anu cultuial connections anu insights.
WS 11.11.b. Iuentify, analyze, anu use elements anu techniques of vaiious genies of
liteiatuie, such as allegoiy, stieam of consciousness, iiony, anu ambiguity, to affect
meaning.
WS 11.11.c. Bevelop innovative peispectives on texts, incluuing histoiical, cultuial:
sociological, anu psychological contexts.
WS 11.11.u. Cieate poetiy, stoiies, plays, anu othei liteiaiy foims (e.g. viueos, ait woik).


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ASSL 11.1. Piepaie foi anu paiticipate effectively in a iange of conveisations anu
collaboiations with uiveise paitneis, builuing on otheis' iueas anu expiessing theii own
cleaily anu peisuasively.
ASSL 11.2. Integiate anu evaluate infoimation piesenteu in uiveise meuia anu foimats,
incluuing visually, quantitatively, anu oially.
ASSL 11.S. Evaluate a speakei's point of view, ieasoning, anu use of eviuence anu ihetoiic.

@/"(")+'+,5) 50 !)56-"&4" ')& %&"'(
ASSL 11.4. Piesent infoimation, finuings, anu suppoiting eviuence such that listeneis can
follow the line of ieasoning anu the oiganization, uevelopment, anu style aie appiopiiate to
task, puipose, anu auuience.
ASSL 11.S. Nake stiategic use of uigital meuia anu visual uisplays of uata to expiess
infoimation anu enhance unueistanuing of piesentations.
ASSL 11.6. Auapt speech to a vaiiety of contexts anu communicative tasks, uemonstiating
commanu of foimal English when inuicateu oi appiopiiate.

(;/*<0"1 *"+ 20,)/"0"1 ()*"+*&+,

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SLS 11.1. Initiate anu paiticipate effectively in a iange of collaboiative uiscussions (one-on-
one, in gioups, anu teachei-leu) with uiveise paitneis on 4/'&"( EEFEG +5=,3(, +";+(, ')&
,((2"(, builuing on otheis' iueas anu expiessing theii own cleaily anu peisuasively.
SLS 11.1.a. Come to uiscussions piepaieu, having ieau anu ieseaicheu mateiial unuei
stuuy; explicitly uiaw on that piepaiation by iefeiiing to eviuence fiom texts anu othei
ieseaich on the topic oi issue to stimulate a thoughtful, well-ieasoneu exchange of iueas.
SLS 11.1.b. Woik with peeis to piomote civil, uemociatic uiscussions anu uecision-making,
set cleai goals anu ueaulines, anu establish inuiviuual ioles as neeueu.
SLS 11.1.c. Piopel conveisations by posing anu iesponuing to questions that piobe
ieasoning anu eviuence; ensuie a heaiing foi a full iange of positions on a topic oi issue;
claiify, veiify, oi challenge iueas anu conclusions; anu piomote uiveigent anu cieative
peispectives.
SLS 11.1.u. Responu thoughtfully to uiveise peispectives; synthesize comments, claims, anu
eviuence maue on all siues of an issue; iesolve contiauictions when possible; anu ueteimine
what auuitional infoimation oi ieseaich is iequiieu to ueepen the investigation oi complete
the task.
SLS 11.1.e. Seek to unueistanu othei peispectives anu cultuies anu communicate effectively
with auuiences oi inuiviuuals fiom vaiieu backgiounus.
SLS 11.2. Integiate multiple souices of infoimation piesenteu in uiveise foimats anu meuia
(e.g., visually, quantitatively, oially) in oiuei to make infoimeu uecisions anu solve
pioblems, evaluating the cieuibility anu accuiacy of each souice anu noting any
uisciepancies among the uata.
SLS 11.S. Evaluate a speakei's point of view, ieasoning, anu use of eviuence anu ihetoiic,
assessing the stance, piemises, links among iueas, woiu choice, points of emphasis, anu tone
useu.

@/"(")+'+,5) 50 !)56-"&4" ')& %&"'(
SLS 11.4. Piesent infoimation, finuings, anu suppoiting eviuence, conveying a cleai anu
uistinct peispective, such that listeneis can follow the line of ieasoning, alteinative oi
opposing peispectives aie auuiesseu, anu the oiganization, uevelopment, substance, anu
style aie appiopiiate to puipose, auuience, anu a iange of foimal anu infoimal tasks.
SLS 11.S. Nake stiategic use of uigital meuia (e.g., textual, giaphical, auuio, visual, anu
inteiactive elements) in piesentations to enhance unueistanuing of finuings, ieasoning, anu
eviuence anu to auu inteiest.
SLS 11.6. Auapt speech to a vaiiety of contexts anu tasks, uemonstiating a commanu of
foimal English when inuicateu oi appiopiiate. (See giaues 11-12 Language stanuaius 1 anu
S on page 68 foi specific expectations.)

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ASL 11.1. Bemonstiate commanu of the conventions of stanuaiu English giammai anu
usage when wiiting oi speaking.
ASL 11.2. Bemonstiate commanu of the conventions of stanuaiu English capitalization,
punctuation, anu spelling when wiiting.

!)56-"&4" 50 8')42'4"
ASL 11.S. Apply knowleuge of language to unueistanu how language functions in uiffeient
contexts, to make effective choices foi meaning oi style, anu to compiehenu moie fully
when ieauing oi listening.

I53'B2-'/# J3K2,(,+,5) ')& L("
ASL 11.4. Beteimine oi claiify the meaning of unknown anu multiple-meaning woius anu
phiases by using context clues, analyzing meaningful woiu paits, anu consulting geneial
anu specializeu iefeience mateiials, as appiopiiate.
ASL 11.S. Bemonstiate unueistanuing of figuiative language, woiu ielationships, anu
nuances in woiu meanings.
ASL 11.6. Acquiie anu use accuiately a iange of geneial acauemic anu uomain-specific
woius anu phiases sufficient foi ieauing, wiiting, speaking, anu listening at the college anu
caieei ieauiness level; uemonstiate inuepenuence in gatheiing vocabulaiy knowleuge
when consiueiing a woiu oi phiase impoitant to compiehension oi expiession.

2*"13*1/ ()*"+*&+,

.5)9")+,5)( 50 1+')&'/& H)4-,(?
LS 11.1. Bemonstiate commanu of the conventions of stanuaiu English giammai anu usage
when wiiting oi speaking.
LS 11.1.a. Apply the unueistanuing that usage is a mattei of convention, can change ovei
time, anu is sometimes contesteu.
LS 11.1.b. Resolve issues of complex oi contesteu usage, consulting iefeiences (e.g.,
M"//,'<N C"B(+"/O( *,3+,5)'/# 50 H)4-,(? L('4", P'/)"/O( M5&"/) J<"/,3') L('4") as
neeueu.
LS 11.2. Bemonstiate commanu of the conventions of stanuaiu English capitalization,
punctuation, anu spelling when wiiting.
LS 11.2.a. 0bseive hyphenation conventions.
LS 11.2.b. Spell coiiectly.

!)56-"&4" 50 8')42'4"
LS 11.S. Apply knowleuge of language to unueistanu how language functions in uiffeient
contexts, to make effective choices foi meaning oi style, anu to compiehenu moie fully
when ieauing oi listening .
LS 11.S.a. vaiy syntax foi effect, consulting iefeiences (e.g., Tufte's J/+02- 1")+")3"() foi
guiuance as neeueu; apply an unueistanuing of syntax to the stuuy of complex texts when
ieauing.

I53'B2-'/# J3K2,(,+,5) ')& L("
LS 11.4. Beteimine oi claiify the meaning of unknown anu multiple-meaning woius anu
phiases baseu on 4/'&"( EEFEG /"'&,)4 ')& 35)+")+, choosing flexibly fiom a iange of
stiategies.
LS 11.4.a. 0se context (e.g., the oveiall meaning of a sentence, paiagiaph, oi text; a woiu's
position oi function in a sentence) as a clue to the meaning of a woiu oi phiase.
LS 11.4.b. Iuentify anu coiiectly use patteins of woiu changes that inuicate uiffeient
meanings oi paits of speech (e.g., 35)3",9"Q 35)3"=+,5)Q 35)3",9'B-").
LS 11.4.c. Consult geneial anu specializeu iefeience mateiials (e.g., uictionaiies, glossaiies,
thesauiuses), both piint anu uigital, to finu the pionunciation of a woiu oi ueteimine oi
claiify its piecise meaning, its pait of speech, its etymology, oi its stanuaiu usage.
LS 11.4.u. veiify the pieliminaiy ueteimination of the meaning of a woiu oi phiase (e.g., by
checking the infeiieu meaning in context oi in a uictionaiy).
LS 11.S. Bemonstiate unueistanuing of figuiative language, woiu ielationships, anu
nuances in woiu meanings.
LS 11.S.a. Inteipiet figuies of speech (e.g., hypeibole, paiauox) in context anu analyze theii
iole in the text.
LS 11.S.b. Analyze nuances in the meaning of woius with similai uenotations.
LS 11.6. Acquiie anu use accuiately geneial acauemic anu uomain-specific woius anu
phiases, sufficient foi ieauing, wiiting, speaking, anu listening at the college anu caieei
ieauiness level; uemonstiate inuepenuence in gatheiing vocabulaiy knowleuge when
consiueiing a woiu oi phiase impoitant to compiehension oi expiession.