You are on page 1of 16

, (), -

Journal of Psychology & Education


2010, 40(4), 29-44


Effect of cooperative learning on students academic achievement on the topic of algebra
in math course
*

Mohammad Reza Keramati

University of Tehran

Abuzar heydari rafat and

Aghil ghasemi khashab

Educational Planning

Ali Tahmasebi

History and Philosophy of Education

Abstract
Cooperative learning is an effective educational
strategy in improving the academic achievement of
students. Academic achievement in cooperative
groups is accomplished via promoting other
[students] success, through assisting, sharing,
mentoring and encouragement. The goal of a
cooperative learning group is to maximize all
members learning. To this end, this study examines
the impact of cooperative learning on the topic of
Algebra in math course between eight-graders in
Marvdasht city. 131 student (62 boys, 69 girl)
participated in this study. Cooperative learning was
employed to test groups and Conventional teaching
method was used for control groups. Previous
knowledge of students evaluated using a researcher
developed algebra academic achievement scale
(SAAA). The same scale was employed to determine
academic achievement after the implementation of
teaching methods. The results of this study revealed a
significant effect of cooperative learning method on
students academic achievement in algebra concept
in the test groups than control. In addition,
cooperative learning methods have similar effect on
academic achievement of male and female students
in test groups. This result indicates the success of
cooperative learning versus conventional teaching
methods.
Keywords:
cooperative
achievement, math, algebra

learning,

academic


.

.
.


) .
.(

.
( SAAA)
.
.

.

.

.
:

- )( :*
mkeramati47@yahoo.com :
Received: 02 Jun 2010
Accepted: 01 Feb 2011
// :
// :

/30

)( )(


.

) .(


.
)

.(
.
.

) ( .
.
.
.



.
.
) .(

.
1. mathematic

/31

)
.(
) .(
-
.

)
.(


) (
) (
.
) .(
.

) .(

) .(

) ( .


)
.(

) .(
1. Gokal

/32


) (
)
.(

) .( :
- :

- :

- :

-

- :

).(


)

.( ) (
.

.

) ( )
1. Onwubuzie

/33

( )
( )
... ( .
)
( .
.
. ) (

.

.
)
.(

. )
(
. ) (

. ) (

.
.


.
) ( .
.
.

/34

. ) (
.
) (

. ) (



.

) .(

) .(
:

.

.


) (

.

. .

. .

.

/35

.
.
.
.
.
.
.


) (

)(


:
(
- : -
- - .
(
.

) .(
.
:
- - .

- .
.

/36

:
- - .
- .

- .
.


:
SAAA)
( .
.
.

.


. /
.

.


.
.
.
1. Scale of Algebra Academic Achievement
2. reliability

/37




.
)(

.
.
.

.
) (
.
.
) (
.


.
F = / /
.


.
)( ) ( .
. F
/ /

/38

.
.


) (

)(


M2
M1
/
/
/
/

SD2
/
/

M1
/
/

M2
/
/

SD2
/
/

.
)(
.



/
/
/
/

/
/
/
/

/
/
/
/

P < /
/
P < /
/

/
/
/
/

/
/
/
/

.
/
.


.
.

.

/39


.
.

/
/
/
/ .
/ . )(
) ( .



.


.

/

. ) (

.
.
) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )(
) ( ) ( .

/ /
.

/40


.
) ( ) (
.
) ( .
.

.
.

- -


.
.

.


.

.


.
.

.

/41


.

.
.

.

.

. . . .() .
. . -
.
. .() . . : .
. .() . . : .
. .() . .
.-
. .() . .
.-
. .() . .
.-

References

Abdullah, S., & Abbas, M. (2006). The effects of inquiry-based computer simulation
with cooperative learning on scientific thinking and conceptual understanding.
Malaysian Online Journal of Instructional Technology (MOJIT), 2, 1-16.
Acar, B., & Tarhan, L. (2007). Effect of cooperative learning strategies on students
understanding of concepts in electrochemistry. International Journal of Science and
Mathematics Education, 5, 349-373.
Alkhateeb, H. M., & Jumaa, M. (2002). Cooperative learning And Algebra Performance
Of Eighth Grade Students United Arab Emirates. Psychological Reports, 90, 91-100.
Bernhard, Net. (2005). Measuring virtual student-student cooperation. A case study on
the evaluation of cooperative learning in a virtual distributed computer and law
course. Educational Computing Research, 33, 269-284.

/42

Bryant, R. R. (1981). Effects of team assisted individualization on the attitudes and


achievement of third, fourth and fifth grade students of mathematics. Dissertation
Abstract International, 43, 70.
Brown, J. S., Collins, A., & Duguid, P. (1989). Situated Cognition and the Culture of
Learning. Educational Researcher, 1, 32-42.
Dekker, R., & Elshout-Mohr, M. (2004). Teacher interventions aimed at mathematical
level raising during collaborative learning, Educational Studies in Mathematics, 56,
39-65.
Cohen, E. G. (1994). Designing group work. Strategies for the Heterogeneous
Classroom (2nd ed.). New York, Teachers College Press.
Effandi, Zakaria., & Zanaton, Iksan. (2007). Promoting Cooperative Learning in
Science and Mathematics Education: A Malaysian Perspective. Eurasia Journal of
Mathematics, Science & Technology Education, 3, 35-39.
Emley, W. P. (1986). The effects of cooperative learning versus individualized
instruction in a college level remedial mathematics course, with relation to attitudes
toward mathematics and Myers-Briggs personality type. Dissertation Abstracts
International, 48, 70-83.
Fiore, G. (1999). Math abused students: Are we prepared to teach them. The
Mathematics Teacher, 92, 403-406.
Gillies, R. M. (2007). Cooperative Learning. Integrating Theory and Practice. Los
Angeles: Sage Publications.
Gomleks, M. N. (2007). Effectiveness of cooperative learning (jigsaw II) method in
teachin English as a foreign language to engineering students (Case of Firat
University, Turkey). European Journal of Engineering Education, 5, 613-625.
Greeno, J. G., Collins, A., & Resnick, L. B. (1996). Cognition and learning. D.C. & R.
C. Calfee (Eds.), Handbook of educational psychology. New York: Macmillan.
Hnze, M., & Berger, R. (2007). Cooperative learning, motivational effects, and student
characteristics: An experimental study comparing cooperative learning and direct
instruction in 12th grade physics classes. Learning & Instruction, 1, 29-41.
Hong, M. (2008). An Effective Way of Cooperative Learning-group work. Journal of
Liaoning Administration College, 10, 199-200.
Jacobs, G. M. (1997). Cooperative learning or just grouping students: The difference
makes a difference. Paper presented at the RELC Seminar, Singapore.
Jacobs, G. M. & McCafferty, S. G. (2006) Connections between cooperative learning
and second language learning and teaching, in: S. G. McCafferty, G. M. Jacobs &
A. C. DaSilva Iddings (Eds.), Cooperative Learning and Second Language
Teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (1981). Effects of cooperative and individualistic
learning experiences on interethnic interaction. Journal of Educational Psychology,
73, 444-449.
Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (1989). Cooperation and competition, (2nd ed.)
Edina, Minnesota: Interaction.
Johnson, D., & Johnson, R. T. (1990). Cooperative learning and achievement. In S.
Sharan (Ed.), Cooperative learning: Theory and research. New York: Praeger.

/43

Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (1991). Learning mathematics and cooperative


learning lesson plans for teacher. Edina, Minnesota: Interaction.
Johnson, D., Johnson, R., & Smith, K. (1991). Active learning: Cooperation in the
college classroom. Edina, MN: The Cooperative Learning Center at the University
of Minnesota.
Johnson, D., Johnson, R., & Holubec, E. (1993). Circles of learning: Cooperation in the
classroom. Edina, MN: Interaction Book Company.
Kagan, S. (1992). Cooperative practice. Learning. Resources for Teachers. San Juan:
Capistrano, Calif.
Kazembe, T. (2010). Combining Lectures With Cooperative Learning Strategies To
Enhance Learning Of Natural Products Chemistry. Chemistry, 2, 1-15.
Kieran, C. (1992). The Learning and Teaching Of School Algebra. In D.A. Groups,
Handbook of Research on Mathematics Teaching And Learning. New York:
Praeger.
King, A. (1992). Facilitating Elaborative Learning through Guided Student-Generated
Questioning. Educational Psychologist, 27, 111-126.
Kolawole, E. (2008). Effects of competitive and cooperative learning strategies on
academic performance of Nigerian students in mathematics. Educational Research
and Review, 3, 33-37.
Kramarski, B., & Mevarcch, Z. R. (2005). Enhancing mathematical reasoning in the
classroom: The effects of cooperative learning and meta cognitive training.
American Educational Research, 40, 281-310.
Lave, J., & Wenger, E. (1991). Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Leikin, R., & Zaslavsky, O. (1999). Cooperative learning in mathematics. Mathematics
Teacher, 92, 240-246.
Nicholas, J. D., & Miller, R. B. (1994) Cooperative learning and student motivation.
Contemporary Educational Psychology, 19, 167-178.
Oishi, S. S. (1983). Effects of team-assisted individualization in mathematics on
cross-race and cross-sex interaction of elementary school children. Dissertation
Abstracts International, 44, 22-36.
Oludipe, D., & Awokoy, J. O. (2010). Effect of Cooperative Learning Teaching
Strategy on the Reduction of Students Anxiety for Learning Chemistry. Journal of
Turkish Science Education, 1, 30-36.
Shachar, H., & Fischer, S. (2004). Cooperative learning and the achievement of
motivation and perceptions of students in 11th grade chemistry classes. Learning &
Instruction, 1, 69, 19.
Sharan, S. (1980). Cooperative learning in small groups: recent methods and effects on
achievement attitudes and ethnic relations. Review of Educational Research, 50,
241-271.
Slavin, R. E. (1987). Cooperative learning and cooperative school. Educational
Leadership, 45, 7-13.
Slavin, R. E. (1980). Cooperative learning. Review of Educational Research, 50,
315-342.

/44

Slavin, R. E., Leavey, M. B., & Madden, N. A. (1984). Combining cooperative learning
and individualised instruction: Effects on student mathematics achievement,
attitudes,
and
behaviors.
The
Elementary
School
Journal,
84,
409-422.
Slavin, R. E., & Karweit, N. L. (1985). Effects of whole class, ability grouped and
individualized instruction on mathematics achievement. American Educational
Research Journal, 22, 351-367.
Slavin, R. (1990). Cooperative learning: Theory, research, and practice. Englewood
Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Slavin, R. E. (1991). Are Cooperative Learning and Untracking Harmful to the Gifted?,
Educational Leadership, 6, 68-71.
Slavin, R. E. (1995). Cooperative learning: Theory, research, and practice (2nd
edition). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
Slavin, R. E., & Cooper, R. (1999). Improving intergroup relation: lessons learned from
cooperative learning programs. Journal of Social Issues, 55, 647-663.
Tanel, Zafer., & Mustafa, Erol. (2007). Influence of Cooperative Learning Techniques
on Student Self-Confidence and Factors Affecting Learning Physics. CP899, Sixth
International Conference of the Balkan Physical Union, edited by S. A. Cetin and I.
Hikmet.
Tarim, K., & Akdeniz, F. (2008). The effects of cooperative learning on Turkish
elementary students mathematics achievement and attitude towards mathematics
using TAI and STAD methods. Educational Studies of Math, 67, 77-91.
Tarim., K. (2009). The effects of cooperative learning on preschoolers mathematics
problem-solving ability. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 3, 325-340.
Tinker Sachs, G., Candlin, C. N., & Rose, K. R. (2003). Developing cooperative
learning in the efl/esl secondary classroom. RELC Journal, 34, 338-369.
Tsai, P., Hwang, G., Judy, T., C. R., & Hwang, G. (2008). A Computer- Assisted
Approach to Conducting Cooperative Learning Process. International Journal of
Distance Education Technologies, 1, 49-66.
Usiskin, Z. (1995). Why Is Algebra Important To Learn? American Educator, 19,
30-37.
Walmsley, A. L. E. & Muniz, J. (2003). Cooperative learning and its effects in a high
school Geometry classroom. Mathematics Teacher, 96, 112-116.
Webb, N. M. (1986). Problem-Solving Strategies and Group Processes in Small Group
Learning Computer Programming. American Educational Research Journal, 23,
243-261.
Webb, N. M., Troper, J. D., & Fall, R. (1995). Constructive Activity and Learning in
Collaborative Small Groups. Journal of Educational Psychology, 87, 406-423.
Zakaria, E. & Zanagon, I. (2007). Promoting cooperative learning in science and
mathematics education: A Malaysian perspective. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics,
Science & Technology Education, 3, 35-39.

You might also like