THE ENLIGHTENMENT SPREADS

p.202-205
Objectives
Explain how Enlightenment ideas spread
through Europe
Describe changes in art, music, and literature
during the Enlightenment
Show how Enlightenment ideas reformed
monarchies in Prussia, Austria, and Russia
Remember Salon Baroque Neoclassical
Enlightened
Despot
Catherine the
Great
Understand
Why must rulers balance their philosophical goals with practical concerns
about support?
Apply How does neoclassicism reflect the ideas of order and reason?
Analyze
Even though criticism of the church and government was prohibited,
Enlightenment ideas spread quickly. What does this tell you about their
appeal?
Create
As we have talked about, new ideas could
cause trouble.
It was illegal in France to criticize either the
Church or the government.
Books, magazines, and word of mouth helped
the Enlightenment spread.
A WORLD OF IDEAS
Paris is the cultural center of the world
Salons
Large gatherings where
philosophers, writers,
artists, scientists, and
other great intellects
gather
Denis Diderot
Created large set of books
Many leading scholars contributed
Encyclopedia receives backlash
French Gov/Church ban the work
Under minds royal authority,
encourages spirts of revolt, fosters
moral coruption
Diderots Encyclopedia
NEW ARTISTIC STYLES
Neoclassical Style
Baroque
Grande, ornate design
Neoclassical
Simple, elegant; Greek, Roman
NEW ARTISTIC STYLES
Changes in Music and Literature
Classical Music
Lighter, elegant style
Mozart
Beethoven
Classical Literature
Carefully plotted
Suspense
Thoughtful characters
ENLIGHTENMENT AND THE MONARCHY
Some monarchs embraced Voltaire's ideas of ruling justly
Enlightened Despots
Wanted to make countries
stronger
Rule more effectively
ENLIGHTENMENT AND THE MONARCHY
Frederick the Great of Prussia
Reduced censorship
More religious freedom
Improved education
Established a justice system
Abolished torture
Thoughts serfdom was wrong, but did not stop it
ENLIGHTENMENT AND THE MONARCHY
Joseph II of Austria
Legal reforms
Freedom of press
Religious freedom
Abolished serfdom
Paid in cash
Changes reverted after death
ENLIGHTENMENT AND THE MONARCHY
Catherine the Great of Russia
Proposed reforms based on
Montesquieu and Beccaria
Religious tolerance
Abolished torture/capital punishment
Only limited reforms pass
Little was done to help peasents
Russia along with England continued to expand
their empires during the Enlightenment.
England would soon have to deal with radical
change in North America based on
Enlightenment ideas.