Professional Documents
Culture Documents
FOUNDATIONS
WAQAS RIAZ
08-NOV-2007
INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENTS:
• HORIZONTAL VESSELS
• VERTICAL VESSELS
• PACKAGE EQUIPMENTS
• MACHINERY EQUIPMENTS
HORIZONTAL VESSELS:
• General Overview
• Foundation Type & Shape
• Design Data
• Loads Applied to Pedestal
HORIZONTAL VESSELS:
General Overview:-
• Horizontal Vessels mainly Includes Heat Exchangers &
Drums. Foundation Type is similar for both of them.
• A heat exchanger is a device used to transfer heat from one
fluid to another while preventing the two from intermingling.
• The three main types are
Shell & Tube HE’s
Air-cooled HE’s
Plate HE’s
kWop kWop
Ex Ex kWop
FE SE FE SE
Fb Fb Wb
FE SE FE SE
4. MOMENTS
• Moment arm for moments
working on pedestal surfaces
due to horizontal forces
applied in axial and transverse
direction is “h” .
• However, for bundle pulling
force, moment arm is the
“hmax”.
HORIZONTAL VESSELS:
Foundation Design:-
Data Sheet
PACKAGE EQUIPMENTS:
• Package Equipments are the one in which only governing load is the DEAD LOAD. No significant vibrations are imparted.
• Foundations for Package Equipment are referred as SKID FOUNDATIONS.
• Skid Foundations are only checked for the Stability.
• Weight Check, rebar volume check and thickness check is not required for package equipments.
MACHINERY EQUIPMENTS:
• General Overview
• Foundation Type & Shape
• Static Design Loads
• Static Design
MACHINERY EQUIPMENTS:
General Overview:-
• Reciprocating Machinery
Machinery with reciprocating masses as major moving parts. This machinery
should be supported as close to grade elevation as possible directly on rigid block.
MACHINERY EQUIPMENTS:
General Overview:-
• Rotating Machinery
Machinery with rotating masses as major parts. This machinery may be supported on a rigid block
or on an elevated structure.
MACHINERY EQUIPMENTS:
Foundation Type & Shape:-
1. Foundation Type
• Foundations for these equipments are referred as Machine Foundations.
• Reinforced Concrete Spread or Pile Foundations are recommended.
• Machine Foundations are grouped as follows:
MACHINERY EQUIPMENTS:
Foundation Type & Shape:-
2. Foundation Shape
• Block foundations should be rectangular.
• Thickness of the rigid block for machinery shall not be less than:-
0.60 + L/30 where L (in meters) is the length or breadth.
Where two or more machines are on a common foundation, L shall be the
greater of :
– The breadth of the common foundation.
– Then length of the longest segment assigned to any one machine.
MACHINERY EQUIPMENTS:
Static Design Loads:-
• Weight Check
– For Reciprocating Machines:
Weight of Rigid Block should be 3 - 5 times the weight of Machine.
Weight of Pile Cap should be 2.5 – 4 times the weight of Machine.
– For Rotating Machines:
Weight of Rigid Block should be 2 - 3 times the weight of Machine.
Weight of Pile Cap should be 1.5 – 2.5 times the weight of Machine.
• Stability Check
– Rigid block should be check against Soil Bearing, Sliding & Overturning.
– However, for spread footings 50% reduction in allowable soil pressure
should be considered.
MACHINERY EQUIPMENTS:
Static Design:-