Introduction

•Vibration of earth surface cause wave

coming from a source of distance inside the
earth are described as “EARTHQUAKE”
•Earthquake loading consist of the inertial
forces of the building mass that result from
the shaking of its foundation by a seismic
disturbance.
•Other severe earthquake forces may exit,
such as those due to land
sliding,subsidence,active faulting below
foundation or liquefaction of local subgrade as
a result of vibration.
Characteristics of earthquake force
• Magnitude of Earthquake.
• Time period.
• Frequency of Earthquake.
• Foreshocks &
Aftershocks

• 0.5g=0.5 times the

acceleration due to
gravity
 Motion of tall building during earth

• Motion of a tall building • Fundamental seismic

during an earthquake response of building
 Structural behaviour
• Displacement • Acceleration sensitive

sensitive
• Stiffness more
• Stiffness less
• Deformation decrease

• Deformation increase
• Acceleration increase

• Acceleration
decrease
Load transfer mechanism for
Eq.loads (lateral load)
Why tall structure need analyses
for eq. loading?
Analyses for static and dynamic
condition by code
IS:1893Part1(2002)
• Static coefficient method
• Dynamic Analyses
 Static coefficient method
• Find Seismic weight of building- lump mass at
each storey and make summation.

• Find design horizontal acceleration spectrum Ah

• Base shear Vb=Ah*W

• Distribution of design force

Zone factor
Fundamental time period
Sa/g
 Dynamic Analyses
• Mass of each storey
• Mode shape coefficient for diff. natural
time period
• Find Store shear and Storey forces and
make combinations as per diff. methods
• Absolute
• SRSS
• CQC
 Combinations of results
• Absolute
Add quantity with out considering sign
CQC
SRSS
 EXAMPLES
• Static
• Dynamic
Design philosophy of eq. resistance
building
1. Resist moderate eq. without structural damage but
accepting the probability of nonstructural damage
2. Resist minor eq. without damage.
3. Resist avg. eq. with the probability of structural as
well as non-structural damage, but with out
collapse.
 Major failure due to Eq. loads
• Torsion
• Shear
• Over topping
Torsion failure
Example
Shear fail ours
Toppling
Thank you