Appendix A

TRIGONOMETRIC RELATIONS,
CONSTANTS AND CONVERSION
FACTORS, AND ABBREVIATIONS
TRIGONOMETRIC RELATIONS
(
21t) (21t) 3
cos
2
X + cos
2
X - 3" + cos
2
X +"3 = 2"
. 2 . 2( 21t) . 2( 21t) 3
sm x + sin x - 3 + sin x + "3 = 2"
. ( 21t) ( 21t) . ( 21t) ( 21t)
Slnxcosx+ sin x-"3 cos x-3" + sin x+
3
cos x+
3
=0
cos x+ cos (x - 2
3
lt)+ cos (x +2
3
lt)=0
. . ( 21t) . ( 21t) 0
sin x + sin x - 3 + sm x +3 =
. ( 27t) ( 21t) . ( 21t) ( 27t) 3. ( )
smr cosy + sin x - 3" cos y - 3" + sin x +3" cos x +3" == 2: sin x - y
.. . ( 21t). ( 21t) . ( 21t). ( 21t) 3 ( )
sm,r smy + sin x - 3" sin y - -:3 + sin x +3" sin y +"3 == 2: cos x - y
. (27t) . (21t) (21t) . ( 21t) 3.
cosx smy + cos x - 3" sin y - 3" + cos x +3" sin y +"3 == -"2 sm (x - y)
(
21t) (21t) (21t) ( 21t) 3
cosxcosy+ cos x-
3
cos y-3 + cos x+"3 cos Y+"3 =2"cos(x-y)
. ( 21t) ( 21t) . ( 21t) ( 21t) 3. ( )
smr cos y -l sin x+
3
cos y-3" + sm x-
3
cos Y+"3 =2 sln x+y
.. . ( 21t). ( 21t) . ( 21t). ( 21t) 3 ( )
sin r smy + sin x +"3 sin y - 3 + sin x -"3 sm y +"3 = - 2" cos x +y
. (21t) . (21t) (21t) . ( 21t) 3. ( )
cosx smy + cos x +"3 sm y - 3" + cos x -"3 sin y +"3 == 2sin x +y
(
21t) (21t) (21t) ( 21t) 3
cosxcosy+ cos x+
3
cos y-3 + cos x-"3 cos Y+"3 =2 cos(x+y)
603
604 CONSTANTS AND CONVERSION FACTORS, AND ABBREVIATIONS
CONSTANTS AND CONVERSION FACTORS
Permeabilityof free space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. J.1o == 41t X 10-
7
Wbl At m
Permittivity(capacitivity) of free space eo == 8.854 x 10-
12
C
2
/N . m
2
Accelerationof gravity g == 9.807m1s
2
Length 1m== 3.281 ft
== 39.37 in
Mass. . . . 1 kg == 0.0685 slug
== 2.205 lb (mass)
Force 1N== 0.225 lb
== 7.23 pdl
Torque 1N m== 0.738 lb-ft
Energy 1J (W.s) == 0.738 lb- ft
Power 1W== 1.341 X 10-
3
hp
Moment of inertia 1kg- m
2
== 0.738 slug- ft
2
== 23.7Ib. ft
2
Magnetic flux 1Wb== 10
8
Mx (lines)
Magnetic flux density 1Wb/m
2
== 10,000G
== 64.5klines/in"
Magnetizing force 1At/m== 0.0254 At/in
==0.01260e
ABBREVIATIONS
alternating current ac megawatt MW
ampere A meter m
ampere-tum At microfarad
JlF
coulomb C millihenry mH
direct current dc newton N
foot ft newton meter Nm
gram g oersted Oe
henry H pound lb
hertz Hz poundal pdl
horsepower hp power factor PF
inch in pulse-width modulation PWM
joule J radian rad
kilogram kg revolutionper minute r/min (rpm)
kilovar kvar second s
kilovolt kV voltamperereactive var
kilovoltampere kVA volt V
kilowatt kW voltampere VA
magnetomotive force MMF watt W
maxwell Mx weber Wb