2010 Mart

www.guven-kutay.ch

KAYNAK
BALANTILARI
07

zet
M. Gven KUTAY

07_kaynak.doc

INHALTSVERZEICHNIS
0

Genel ............................................................................................................................................5
Parann kaynaklanma zellii........................................................................................................6
0.1.1
Kaynaklanma yetenei.................................................................................................6
0.1.1.1 eliklerin kaynaklanma yetenei.............................................................................6
0.1.1.2 Krdkmn kaynaklanma yetenei ........................................................................8
0.1.1.3 eitli eliklerin kaynaklanma yetenei ..................................................................9
0.1.2
Kaynak emniyeti ..........................................................................................................9
0.1.3
Kaynak imkanlar.........................................................................................................9
0.1.3.1 Is etkisi ..................................................................................................................10
0.1.3.2 Kaynak dikiinde gerilimler...................................................................................11
0.1.4
Kaynak balantlarnn meslek dallarna gre dalm .............................................11
0.1.5
Kaynak balantlarnn kullanma gre dalm .......................................................12
0.1.6
Kaynak balantlarnn yaplmasna gre dalm ....................................................12
0.1.7
Kaynak balantlarnn yaplmalarna gre dalm .................................................12
0.1.8
Kaynak konstrksiyonunda dikkat edilecek baz durumlar .......................................15
0.1.9
Kaynak yntemleri.....................................................................................................16
0.1.9.1 Oksiasetilen kayna ..............................................................................................16
0.1.9.2 Elektrik ark kayna..............................................................................................16
0.1.9.3 Toz alt kayna......................................................................................................16
0.1.9.4 Wolfram inert gaz kayna.....................................................................................17
0.1.9.5 Metal inert gaz kayna..........................................................................................17
0.1.9.6 Basn veya pres kayna.......................................................................................17
0.1.9.7 Gasla eritme pres kayna ......................................................................................18
0.1.9.8 Diren kayna .......................................................................................................18
0.1.9.9 Elektrikle nokta kayna ........................................................................................18
0.1.9.10
Elektrikle makara kayna .................................................................................19
0.1.9.11
Elektron n kayna ........................................................................................19
0.2
Kaynakta kalite ve snflandrma .......................................................................................19
0.3
Kaynaa uygun konstrksiyon...........................................................................................20
0.3.1
Malzemeye uygun konstrksiyon nerileri................................................................21
0.3.2
Zorlanmaya uygun konstrksiyon nerileri ...............................................................21
0.3.3
malata uygun konstrksiyon nerileri ......................................................................21
0.3.4
Hesaplar ve imalata iin zel neriler........................................................................22
1
Makina konstrksiyonunda kaynak balantlar ........................................................................22
1.1
Makinada kaynak balantlarnn konstrksiyonu .............................................................22
1.2
Makinada kaynak balantlarnn hesab............................................................................27
1.2.1
Kaynak konstrksiyonunda dikiler ve boyutlar.......................................................27
1.2.1.1 Aln dikii...............................................................................................................27
1.2.1.2 Ke dikii .............................................................................................................29
1.2.1.3 Basit ke dikileri .................................................................................................29
1.2.1.4 Profile ke dikileri ..............................................................................................30
1.2.2
Makina kaynak konstrksiyonunda mukavemet hesab.............................................31
1.2.2.1 eki ve Bas gerilmesi ...........................................................................................31
1.2.2.2 Eilme gerilmesi ....................................................................................................31
1.2.2.3 Kesme gerilmesi.....................................................................................................31
1.2.2.4 Torsiyon gerilmesi .................................................................................................32
1.2.2.5 Toplam gerilmeler..................................................................................................32

07_kaynak.doc

1.2.2.6 Kaynak konstrksiyonunun kontrol .....................................................................33

1.2.3
Nokta kayna ............................................................................................................39
1.2.3.1 Nokta kaynandaki kesme gerilimi ......................................................................39
1.2.3.2 Nokta kaynandaki izdm bas gerilimi............................................................40
elik konstrksiyonda kaynak balantlar................................................................................41
2.1
Kaynak yerlerinde genel mukavemet incelenmesi.............................................................41
2.2
Stabilite ve iletmede mukavemet incelemesi ...................................................................42
2.3
Merkezi basya zorlanan tek paral ubuk........................................................................42
2.4
Kaynak yerlerinin genel kontrol ......................................................................................44
Basnl kazanlarda kaynak........................................................................................................46
3.1
Kuvvetlerin belirlenmesi....................................................................................................46
3.2
Gerilmeler ..........................................................................................................................47
3.2.1
Boyuna gerilme, eki gerilmesi .................................................................................47
3.2.2
Teetsel gerilme, eki gerilmesi ................................................................................48
3.2.3
Radyal gerilme, eki gerilmesi...................................................................................48
3.2.4
Bileik gerilme ...........................................................................................................49
3.3
Cidar kalnlnn bulunmas..............................................................................................50
rnekler .....................................................................................................................................53
4.1
rnek 1, Pres asisi, makina imalat ..................................................................................53
4.2
rnek 2, Vin tamburu.......................................................................................................56
4.2.1
Kaynak dikiinin emniyetli mukavemet deeri .........................................................57
4.3
rnek 3, Support, elik konstrksiyon...............................................................................58
4.3.1
1. Alternatif, epeevre kapal kaynak dikiinde gerilmeler.....................................58
4.3.2
2. Alternatif, C-eklinde kaynak dikiinde gerilmeler ..............................................59
4.3.3
Kaynak dikilerinin emniyetli kayma mukavemet deeri..........................................60
4.4
rnek 4, Lokma anahtar uzatmas , makina imalat .........................................................61
4.4.1
1. Alternatif, epeevre O-kaynak dikii...................................................................62
4.4.2
2. Alternatif, Kama kaynak dikii ..............................................................................62
4.4.3
Kaynak dikilerinin emniyetli kayma mukavemet deeri..........................................62
4.4.4
Kaynak dikilerinin emniyet katsays .......................................................................62
4.5
rnek 5, Tayc kiri, elik konstrksiyon ......................................................................63
4.5.1
Kaynak dikiindeki gerilmeler ...................................................................................63
4.5.2
Kaynak dikilerinin emniyetli kayma mukavemet deeri..........................................64
4.5.3
Konstrksiyonun analizi ............................................................................................64
4.6
rnek 6, Support, elik konstrksiyon...............................................................................65
4.6.1
Kaynak dikiindeki gerilmeler ...................................................................................65
4.6.2
Kaynak dikilerinin emniyetli mukavemet deeri .....................................................66
4.6.3
Konstrksiyonun analizi ............................................................................................66
4.7
rnek 7, Kazan konstrksiyonu.........................................................................................67
Konu indeksi ..............................................................................................................................71

07_kaynak.doc