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DN XUT HIRCACBON
DN XUT HIROCACBON: phn ng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3
Cht Phn ng :
An e hit : R CHO
Axit fomic : HCOOH
Ankin : R C CH
S Phn ng
CHO Ag
AgNO / NH
CHO AgNO / NH Ag
chc
CHO :
HCHO
S phn ng
CH
CH CH
n Ag
n HCPU
4 Ag
Nu cho hh anehit /c c
AgNO / NH
R C CAg
. AgNO / NH
Nu cho :
AgNO3 / NH 3
RC
AgC CAg
n AgNO
n HCPU
n
n
Ag
hh
58
nAg
n 2
X
Bi 2. Cho 1,74 gam mt ankanal phn ng hon ton vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 thu c 6,48
gam Ag . Cng thc ca ankanal l :
A. CH3CHO
B. HCHO
C. C2H5CHO
D. C3H7CHO
nAg
nX
0, 06
2 M 58
1, 74
M
Bi 3. Ha tan 26,8 gam hn hp hai axit cacboxylic no, n chc, mch h vo nc . Chia dung
dch thnh hai phn bng nhau .
Phn 1: Cho phn ng hon ton vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d thu c 21,6 gam Ag .
Phn 2: Trung ha hon ton vi 200 ml dung dch NaOH 1M
Cng thc ca hai axit l :
A. HCOOH v C2H5COOH
B. CH3COOH v C3H7COOH
C. HCOOH v C3H7COOH
D. CH3COOH v C2H5COOH
DN XUT HIRCACBON
50
2*0, 05
n X : nAg 1: 2 (loi A, C ; v oxi ha to HCHO v B c ancol bc
0, 2
M
nAg
Cu 1. (C 07 )Cho 2,9 gam mt anhit phn ng hon ton vi lng d AgNO3/NH3 thu c 21,6
gam Ag . Cng thc ca anhit l :
A. HCHO
B. CH3CHO
C. CH3CH2 CHO
D. OHC CHO
nAg
2,9 * 2n 2,9 * 2n
2.n M
29n
;n=2D
2,9
n Ag
0, 2
M
Cu 2. (C 09) Cho 0,1 mol hn hp X gm hai anhit no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong dy
ng ng tc dng ht vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, un nng c 32,4 gam Ag .
Hai anhit trong X l :
A. HCHO v C2H5CHO
B. HCHO v CH3CHO
C. C2H3CHO v C3H5CHO
D. CH3CHO v C2H5CHO
Cu 3. (HKA 07) Cho 6,6 gam mt anhit X n chc, mch h phn ng vi lng d
AgNO3/NH3, un nng . Lng Ag sinh ra phn ng ht vi HNO3 long , thot ra 2,24 lt kh
NO (sn phm kh duy nht ktc) . Cng thc ca X l :
A. CH3CHO
B. HCHO
C. CH2=CH-CHO
D. CH3CH2CHO
Cu 4. (HKA 08) Cho 3,6 gam anhit n chc X phn ng hon ton vi mt lng d dung dch
AgNO3/NH3 un nng, thu c m gam Ag . Ha tan m gam Ag bng dung dch HNO3 c, sinh
ra 2,24 lt NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) . Cng thc ca X l :
A. C3H7CHO
B. HCHO
C. C4H9CHO
D. C2H5CHO
Cu 5. (HKB 08) Oxi ha 1,2 gam CH3OH bng CuO un nng, sau mt thi gian thu c hn hp
X gm HCHO, H2O, CH3OH d . Cho ton b X tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3/NH3 ,
c 12,96 gam Ag . Hiu sut ca phn ng oxi ha CH3OH l :
A. 76,6%
B. 80%
C. 65,5%
D. 70,4%
DN XUT HIRCACBON
Cu 6. (HKB 09) Hn hp X gm hai ancol no, n chc , mch h , k tip nhau trong dy ng
ng. Oxi ha hon ton 0,2 mol hn hp X c khi lng m gam bng CuO nhit thch
hp, thu c sn phm hu c Y . Cho Y tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3/NH3, thu
c 54 gam Ag . Gi tr m l :
A. 15,3
B. 8,5
C. 8,1
D. 13,5
nAg
nX
HCHO : a
4a 2b 0,5 a 0,05
0,5
2,5
0, 2
b 0,15
CH 3CHO : b a b 0,2
Cu 7. (C 09) Trung ha 8,2 gam hn hp gm axit fomic v mt axit n chc X cn 100 ml dung
dch NaOH 1,5M. Nu cho 8,2 gam hn hp trn tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch
AgNO3/NH3, un nng th thu c 21,6 gam Ag . Tn gi ca X l :
A. Axit acrylic
B. Axit propionic
C. Axit etanoic
D. Axit metacylic
0,
2
:
2
0,1
m
8,
2
HCOOH
HCOOH
X
Cu 8. (C 08) .Cho hn hp gm 0,1 mol HCHO v 0,1 mol HCOOH tc dng vi lng d dung
dch AgNO3/NH3, un nng . Sau khi cc phn ng xy hon ton, khi lng ca Ag to thnh
l :
A. 21,6g
B. 10,8g
C. 43,2g
D. 64,8 g
HCHO + HCOOH Ag
0,1
0,1
4*0,1 + 2*0,1
mAg = 0,6*108 = 64,8
DN XUT HIRCACBON
X, Y + AgNO3/NH3 X, Y u c nhm CHO
Da vo %O C
Cu 11. (HKA 08). Cho m gam hn hp X gm hai ancol no, n chc, k tip nhau trong dy ng
ng tc dng vi Cu (d) nung nng, thu c mt hn hp rn Z v mt hn hp hi Y (c t
khi hi so vi H2 l 13,75) . Cho ton b Y phn ng vi mt lng d AgNO3/NH3 un nng,
sinh ra 64,8 gam Ag . Gi tr ca m l :
A. 7,8
B. 8,8
C. 7,4
D. 9,2
MY
M andhit 18
2
M andhit 2*13, 75* 2 18 37
HCHO : x
44 37 x
37 30 y
CH 3CHO : y
Cu 12. (HKA 2010 ). Cho m gam hn hp etanal v propanal phn ng hon ton vi lng d dung
dch AgNO3 trong NH3 , thu c 43,2 gam kt ta v dung dch cha 17,5 gam mui amoni ca
hai axit hu c . Gi tr m l :
A. 9,5
B. 10,9
C. 14,3
D. 10,2
Cu 13. (HKA 2010). Oxi ha ht 2,2 gam hn hp hai ancol n chc thnh anehit cn va 4,8
gam CuO . Cho ton b lng anehit trn tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 ,
thu c 23,76 gam Ag . Hai ancol l :
A. CH3OH v C2H5OH
B. CH3OH v C2H5CH2OH
C. C2H5OH v C3H7CH2OH
D. C2H5OH v C2H5CH2OH