UNIVESIDAD TECNICA DE AMBATO

PHONOLGY III MODULE

LCDA. DORYS CUMBE
NOUNS
-Notional definition:
people, places,
animals, thing.
-Abstract ideas:
death
-Emotional states:
happiness
-Bodily sensations:
pain


-Word endings:
ance, hood, tion,
ness, ship.
-plural endings
-genitive ending:
indicates possession


SUBCLASES:
Common nouns
Proper nouns
Numerals: cardinal
ordinal
The group divide in
twos.
Pronouns: personal,
possessive,
reflexive, etc

Determiners
The, this,
these,that, those,
which whose,
Adjectives
-Suffixes: ful, less, ive
- Prefix: un

-comparative and
superlative

Adjectives have 2
possitions:
1. Attributive
position=adj. Preceed a
noun

2. Predicative position=
After a linking verb

VERBS
-Inflections= present tense
inflection and the past tense
inflection

1. FINITE: carry a tense,
stand on their own in a
sentence.(present past)

2. NON-FINITE: 4 Types
- to-infinite: to dance
-bare infinitive: I saw him
dance
-present participle: ing
-past participle
AUXILIARY VERBS
-MODAL AUXILARY
Will, would, can
coud, etc.

-ability,
permission,
obligation,
necessity,
intention,
prediction
ASPECTUAL
AUXILIARY
(Be, have)
1. Progressive
aspect:ongoing
process
They are studying

2. Perfective
aspect: currect
relevance
She has broken
two wine glasses.

PASSIVE AUXILIARY
BE
My house was
painted by my
father.

THE DUMMY
AUXILIARY

Do

Grammatical
function but not a
lexical meaning

Negative and
interrogative
sentences
EXERCISE

The company is being taxed three times
this year.

The company has been taxed three
times this year.

The company has been being taxed
three times this year.

The company will have being taxed
three times this year
Preposition
-SIMPLE :1 2
words

-COMPLEX: 3
words

PREPOSITIONAL
OBJECT
(On her bicycle)

Noun phrase
ADVERB
Modify verbs, adjectives, adverbs
ADVERB ENDIGNS:
- ly, wards, wise, ways
- Some adverbs also take
compartive and superlative
form: eg. fast

ADVERB SUBCLASES
- Circumstancial adv. Often,
intentionally,

- Degree adverbs: extremely,
extraordinaly, less, more

- Sentence adv. However,
probably
:

CONJUNCTIONS
COORDINATING
CONJUCTION
And, or, but
SUBORDINATING
CONJUNCTION
That, if,
whether, for,
because, when
INTERJECTION
Expressions of emotion, physical
state,agreement, disagreement
Ah, erh, hmm, no ,
oh, ouch, phew,
shit, yes, yuck