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AS 1670.1-1995 Fire detection, warning, control and intercom systems - System
design, installation and commissioning - Fire
Licensed to LUU MINH LUAN on 25 Feb 2002
AS 1670.11995
(Incorporating Amendment Nos 1, 2, 3 and 4)
Australian Standard
Fire detection, warning control and

intercom systemsSystem design,
installation and commissioning
Part 1: Fire
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This Australian Standard was prepared by Committee FP-002, Automatic Fire
Detection and Alarm Systems. It was approved on behalf of the Council of
Standards Australia on 13 March 1995 and published on 5 June 1995.
The following interests are represented on Committee FP-002:
Asset ServicesDepartment of Administrative Services
Australian Building Codes Board
Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry
Australian Chamber of Manufactures
Australian Electrical and Electronic Manufacturers Association
Australian Fire Authorities Council
Australian Fire Protection Association
Commonwealth Fire Board
CSIRODivision of Building, Construction and Engineering
Federal Bureau of Consumer Affairs
Fire Protection Industry Association of Australia
Insurance Council of Australia
New Zealand Fire Equipment Association
N.S.W. Fire Brigades
Standards New Zealand
Telecom Australia
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NSW 2001.
This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 94182.
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AS 1670.11995
(Incorporating Amendment Nos 1, 2, 3 and 4)
Australian Standard
Fire detection, warning control and

intercom systemsSystem design,
installation and commissioning
Part 1: Fire
Originated as part of AS CA151961.
Previous edition AS 16701986.
Fourth edition 1995.
Reissued incorporating Amendment Nos 1, 2, 3 and 4 (November 2001).
COPYRIGHT
Standards Australia International
All rights are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any
means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without the written permission of the
publisher.
Published by Standards Australia International Ltd
GPO Box 5420, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia
ISBN 0 7262 9754 2
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AS 1670.11995 2
PREFACE
This Standard was prepared by the Joint Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand
Committee FP/2 on Automatic Fire Detection and Alarm Systems, to supersede AS 16701986.
Its preparation is concurrent with the issue of AS 1603 in a number of parts to cover the
requirements for specific items of equipment used in an automatic fire detection and alarm
system and installed in accordance with this Standard.
This Standard incorporates Amendment No. 1 (June 1997), Amendment No. 2 (June 1998),
Amendment No. 3 (May 2001) and Amendment No. 4 (November 2001). The changes
required by the Amendments are indicated in the text by a marginal bar and amendment
number against the clause, note, table, figure or part thereof affected.
This Standard is the result of a consensus among the members of the Joint Committee to
produce it as an Australian Standard.
Maintenance requirements for fire detection and alarm equipment are included in
AS 1851.8, Maintenance of fire protection equipment, Part 8: Fire detection and alarm
systems.
In this edition, sections have been arranged to provide users of the Standard with a logical
sequence as they work through the design, installation and commissioning of a fire alarm
system.
This Standard has been considerably expanded to include many practices that are in current
use and embrace additional scenarios where the previous edition was silent.
Appendix B Guidance for the selection of detectors assists personnel engaged in the
design, installation and commissioning of fire protection and suppression systems.
The commissioning section encompasses Appendices F and G which are report forms to
indicate the installation content and its compliance with this Standard.
The terms normative and informative have been used in this Standard to define the
application of the appendix to which they apply. A normative appendix is an integral part
of a Standard, whereas an informative appendix is only for information and guidance.
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AS 1670.11995 3
CONTENTS
Page
SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
1.1 SCOPE .............................................................................................................. 5
1.2 APPLICATION.................................................................................................. 5
1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS .......................................................................... 5
1.4 DEFINITIONS................................................................................................... 5
1.5 COMPLIANCE WITH OTHER STANDARDS ................................................... 7
1.6 INTERPRETATION OF SPECIFIED LIMITING VALUES ................................ 7
SECTION 2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
2.1 COMPONENTS ................................................................................................. 8
2.2 SEPARATION OF SYSTEMS............................................................................ 8
SECTION 3 ALARM ZONE LIMITATIONS
3.1 GENERAL....................................................................................................... 10
3.2 ADDRESSABLE SYSTEMS ............................................................................ 10
3.3 DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS .............................................................................. 11
3.4 INTERMIXING OF ACTUATING DEVICES................................................... 14
SECTION 4 LOCATION OF DETECTORS
4.1 GENERAL....................................................................................................... 16
4.2 SPECIFIC LOCATIONS .................................................................................. 16
4.3 LOCATIONS WHERE PROTECTION IS NOT REQUIRED............................. 19
SECTION 5 HEAT DETECTION SYSTEMS
5.1 GENERAL....................................................................................................... 21
5.2 SPACING AND LOCATION OF DETECTORS................................................ 21
5.3 LINE-TYPE SYSTEMSTUBULAR OR CABLE............................................ 23
SECTION 6 SMOKE DETECTION SYSTEMS
6.1 GENERAL....................................................................................................... 27
6.3 MULTIPOINT ASPIRATED SMOKE DETECTORS ........................................ 30
SECTION 7 FLAME DETECTION SYSTEMS
7.1 GENERAL....................................................................................................... 37
7.3 FIXING OF DETECTORS................................................................................ 37
7.4 DETECTOR LENSES ...................................................................................... 37
7.5 PROTECTION FROM WEATHER................................................................... 37
SECTION 8 INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS
8.1 GENERAL....................................................................................................... 38
8.2 POWER SOURCE............................................................................................ 38
8.3 CONNECTION OF EXISTING INSTALLATIONS........................................... 40
8.4 FIRE INDICATOR PANEL.............................................................................. 40
8.5 SUBINDICATOR PANEL................................................................................ 42
8.6 ALARM VERIFICATION FACILITY.............................................................. 42
8.7 WARNING SYSTEMS..................................................................................... 42
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AS 1670.11995 4
Page
8.8 MANUAL CALL POINTS ............................................................................... 43
8.9 REMOTE INDICATORS FOR FIRE DETECTORS .......................................... 43
8.10 SMOKE AND FIRE DOOR RELEASE CONTROL .......................................... 44
8.11 FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM....................................................................... 44
8.12 FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM SUPERVISION .............................................. 45
8.13 CONTROL OF ANCILLARY DEVICES .......................................................... 45
8.14 VALVE MONITORING DEVICES .................................................................. 45
8.15 FLOW/PRESSURE SWITCHES....................................................................... 45
8.16 FIP INDICATORS ........................................................................................... 45
8.17 WIRING .......................................................................................................... 46
8.18 MONITORING SERVICE................................................................................ 47
8.19 WIRE FREE ALARM ZONE CIRCUITS.......................................................... 48
SECTION 9 COMMISSIONING
9.1 GENERAL....................................................................................................... 49
9.2 COMMISSIONING OF INSTALLATION ........................................................ 49
9.3 STATEMENT OF COMPLIANCE.................................................................... 51
9.4 CIE DOCUMENTATION................................................................................. 51
APPENDICES
A LIST OF REFERENCED AND RELATED DOCUMENTS ............................... 53
B GUIDANCE FOR THE SELECTION OF DETECTORS.................................... 55
C WIRING SYSTEMS RATING.......................................................................... 65
D EXAMPLES OF POWER SOURCE CAPACITY CALCULATIONS ................. 67
E FIRE ALARM SYMBOLS ............................................................................... 70
F COMMISSIONING TEST REPORT................................................................. 72
G STANDARD FORM OF STATEMENT OF COMPLIANCE FOR
FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS ................................................................................ 76
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AS 1670.11995
www.standards.com.au Standards Australia
5
STANDARDS AUSTRALIA
Australian Standard
Fire detection, warning control and intercom systemsSystem
design, installation and commissioning
Part 1: Fire
S E C T I O N 1 S C O P E A N D G E N E R A L
1.1 SCOPE
This Standard sets out requirements for the design, installation, and commissioning of
automatic fire detection and alarm systems comprising components complying with the
requirements of the appropriate product Standards.
1.2 APPLICATION
All installations of automatic fire detection and alarm systems shall comply with the
general requirements of Section 2 and specific requirements of Section 3, Section 4 and
Section 8 with the additional requirements of Section 5, Section 6, or Section 7 according to
the actuating device type, and the commissioning requirements of Section 9. Manual call
points installed in conjunction with an automatic fire detection and alarm system or as a
separate system shall comply with the general installation requirements of this Standard.
Where an automatic fire detection and alarm system is ancillary to an automatic fire-
extinguishing installation, the detection system shall comply with the appropriate
requirements of this Standard.
1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
A list of the documents referred to in this Standard is given in Appendix A.
1.4 DEFINITIONS
For the purpose of this Standard, the definitions given in AS 2484.2 and those below apply.
1.4.1 Addressable system
Fire detection and alarm system that can identify the location of individual actuating
devices on an alarm zone circuit (AZC).
1.4.2 Alarm investigation facility (AIF)
That part of the control and indicating equipment (CIE) which delays the transmission of a
fire alarm to provide time for manual acknowledgment and investigation.
1.4.3 Alarm signalling equipment (ASE)
Equipment designed to communicate alarm and fault signals and other information between
a fire alarm system and a monitoring service.
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AS 1670.11995
Standards Australia www.standards.com.au
6
1.4.4 Alarm verification facility (AVF)
That function of the CIE that verifies an alarm signal so that a spurious signal does not
initiate an alarm signal to the monitoring service or ACF functions and alarm warning
systems.
1.4.5 Approved and approval
Approved by, or the approval of, the regulatory authority.
1.4.6 Collective indication
Indication that is common to a group of actuating devices within a single alarm zone
without identification of the individual device.
1.4.7 Corridor
A narrow enclosed thoroughfare, other than a lift lobby, not exceeding 3.5 m in width, and
not used for trade or storage purposes.
1.4.8 Cupboard
An enclosure with a door or doors, which is an integral part of the building.
1.4.9 Distributed system
A fire detection and alarm system where sections of the CIE are remotely located from the
fire indicator panel or where subindicator panel(s) communicate with a main fire indicator
panel.
1.4.10 Extra-low voltage (ELV)
That voltage defined in AS 3000.
1.4.11 Level surface
Any surface, roof, or ceiling which has a slope of less than 1 in 20.
1.4.12 Low voltage (LV)
That voltage defined in AS 3000.
1.4.13 Monitoring service
A remote controlling station which receives fire alarm signals and transfers the signals to a
firefighting service via a permanently connected telecommunications link.
1.4.14 Occupied area
An area which is readily accessible for occupation, transit or service.
1.4.15 Power supply
That portion of the CIE which supplies voltages necessary for operation of the CIE.
1.4.16 Protected area
An area of a building equipped with an automatic fire detection and alarm system installed
in accordance with this Standard or an approved automatic fire suppression system.
1.4.17 Protected building
A building equipped throughout with an automatic fire detection and alarm system installed
in accordance with this Standard or an approved automatic fire suppression system.
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AS 1670.11995
7
1.4.18 Remote controlled equipment (RCE)
Remotely located parts of CIE that provide the connection of alarm zone circuits and other
status monitoring circuits, or the connection of ancillary control and warning devices or any
combination thereof without required visual and audible indications and user control
facilities. Such facilities are provided at the FIP or SIP.
1.4.19 Sole occupancy unit
As defined in the Building Code of Australia (BCA) for a Class 2 and 3 building, and
Class 4 part of a building.
1.5 COMPLIANCE WITH OTHER STANDARDS
The fire detection and alarm system shall comply with the appropriate electrical safety
requirements specified in AS 3000 and the individual parts of the installation shall comply
with the appropriate Australian Standards listed in Appendix A.
1.6 INTERPRETATION OF SPECIFIED LIMITING VALUES
For the purpose of assessing compliance with this Standard, the specified values herein
shall be interpreted in accordance with the rounding method described in AS 2706, i.e. the
observed or calculated value shall be rounded to the same number of figures as in the
specified limiting value and then compared with the specified limiting value. For example,
for specified limiting values of 2.5, 2.50, and 2.500, the observed or calculated value would
be rounded respectively to the nearest 0.1, 0.01, 0.001.
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AS 1670.11995
8
S E C T I O N 2 G E N E R A L R E Q U I R E M E N T S
2.1 COMPONENTS
The individual equipment items shall be selected in order to achieve stable and reliable
performance. The selection of detectors, and their location, shall be such as to minimize
false operation. The components in the system shall be used in accordance with the
manufacturers specifications and shall be shown to be compatible in the configuration as
designed. Individual alarm indicators shall be latching, except where the detector is
required to be non-latching, e.g. supply air detection associated with smoke management,
and shall be provided by one of the following means:
(a) Fire detectors selected to suit the particular hazard and risk to life or property, or
both. Detectors shall comply with the relevant product Standards.
NOTES:
1 The type of detectors recommended for use in various locations is described in
Appendix B.
2 For wire-free alarm zone circuits, installers need to be aware of the possibility of the
existence of neighbouring wire-free systems and select appropriate components to
minimize the risk of interaction between systems. It is recommended that signal
propagation and in-band noise and signals are measured at the proposed receiver
location(s) before installation to ensure that the system will be able to be operated
within the manufacturers specified limits.
(b) Individual alarm indicators provided by one of the following means:
(i) Integral with the detector, except where specific installation requirements
preclude their use, such as hazardous areas.
(ii) Remote from the detector, except where specific installation requirements
preclude their use, such as hazardous locations, in accordance with Clause 8.9.
(iii) As unique alarm indication at the CIE, except where specific installation
requirements preclude their use, such as hazardous areas.
Where the detector is not required to latch in an alarm state (for example, supply air
detectors associated with a smoke management system), the indicator may be non-
latching.
(c) Control and indicating equipment complying with AS 1603.4 or AS 4428.1.
(d) A fire warning system as specified in Clause 8.7.
(e) A manual call point complying with AS 1603.5.
2.2 SEPARATION OF SYSTEMS
The fire detection and alarm system shall be independent of any building monitoring and
control systems (BMCS), and the control and indicating equipment shall be contained
within its own enclosure(s). Interfacing is permitted to provide data to the building
monitoring system or to initiate automatic testing of the fire detection and alarm system
(see Figure 2.1 for typical arrangement). Alarm and fault signals shall be displayed
independently of the BMCS.
Controls, indicators and equipment which form part of an associated fire protection system,
such as monitoring and control of
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AS 1670.11995
9
(a) fire detectors;
(b) fire extinguishing systems;
(c) air handling plant; or
(d) fire warning systems as required by Clause 8.7
may be housed within the CIE enclosure provided all such controls, indicators and
equipment are segregated from other AS 1603 equipment.
NOTE: Metal enclosures, earthed screen cabling or 50 mm separation distance is taken to be
adequate segregation. Associated equipment installed in the same enclosure must not interfere
with the serviceability of and access to the field wiring. Any heat generated by associated
equipment must not cause any of the equipment within the enclosure to operate outside the
manufacturers specifications.
Where the fire detection and alarm system is used to control a smoke hazard management
system or a fire suppression system, additional consideration shall be given to cable
integrity and reliability in excess of the requirements of Clause 8.17, in accordance with the
operational requirements of the system under control.
FIGURE 2.1 EXAMPLE OF INTERFACE WITH BMCS
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AS 1670.11995
10
S E C T I O N 3 A L A R M Z O N E L I M I T A T I O N S
3.1 GENERAL
An alarm zone shall be limited to a maximum 2000 m
2
of contiguous floor area and shall be
confined to one storey.
Protected areas to which there is no access from inside the building shall have separate
alarm zone facilities from those having internal access.
The maximum number of actuating devices in an alarm zone shall be as approved for that
facility and in any case shall not exceed 40.
Detectors protecting concealed spaces not exceeding 500 m
2
may be connected to the alarm
zone circuit on the same storey provided that the total protected area and the number of
detectors required do not exceed the alarm zone limits specified above. Remote visual
indicators shall comply with the requirements of Clause 8.9.
A mezzanine level may be connected to the alarm zone facility associated with the storey
from which access to the mezzanine is gained, provided that the total protected area and the
number of actuating devices required do not exceed the alarm zone limits specified above.
Point type detectors shall be arranged and indicate as alarm zones. Individual detectors
shall not be displayed as separate alarm zones unless representing the only detector within a
compartment.
3.2 ADDRESSABLE SYSTEMS
Alarm zone circuits with more than one alarm zone shall comply with the following:
(a) A single open circuit shall register as a fault.
(b) A single open circuit shall not prevent an alarm transmission from more than one
alarm zone.
(c) Any condition including short or open circuit which prevents the transmission of an
alarm shall register as a fault on all alarm zones affected.
(d) Any wire-to-wire short circuit shall disable not more than 250 devices on the alarm
zone circuit and in any case not more than one building.
(e) Any wire-to-wire short circuit may register no more than a single alarm.
(f) Unless the wiring of the alarm zone circuit is installed in two separate cable paths,
and each is protected against mechanical damage, WSX2 in accordance with
AS 3013, the alarm zone circuit shall not serve more than 10 storeys or more than a
20 000 m
2
floor area in one building.
NOTE: Separation of cable paths should be that which is sufficient to protect the separate cables
from the anticipated mechanical damage in a likely single incident.
Addressable systems shall contain not more than 1000 devices on each alarm zone circuit
and such alarm zone circuit shall be limited to those buildings located on one site, under
one ownership.
Where addressable devices other than detectors are used on an addressable alarm zone
circuit, such as ancillary control devices, each such device shall count as one device.
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AS 1670.11995
11
Where addressable systems are used to control other essential services such as a smoke
hazard management system or a fire suppression system, the integrity and reliability of the
addressable system shall be subject to the requirements of the relevant Standard.
3.3 DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS
3.3.1 Classifications
Distributed systems are classified as follows:
Class 1 non-data transfer based system with subindicator panels.
Class 2 data transfer based system with subindicator panels.
Class 3 data transfer based system with remote control equipment (RCE).
3.3.2 General
Subindicator panels (SIPs) shall only be connected directly to the fire indicator panels
(FIPs) and not via any other SIP or remote part of the CIE unless the failure of such an
intermediate unit does not prevent the transmission of an alarm to the FIP. Such a failure
shall also indicate as a signal path fault (see Table 1).
Where a separate signal from an SIP is not provided to indicate a common isolated,
common AZC fault, and power supply failure, these signals shall also indicate as a signal
path fault at the FIP (see Table 1).
TABLE 1
FAULT TOLERANCE AND INDICATION REQUIREMENTS
FOR DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS
Fault Single open circuit Single short circuit
Class 1 2 3 1 2 3
FIP signal
Not more than
10 alarm zones
and not more
than 250
devices
Fault Fault
not
applicable
Alarm or
fault
Fault
not
applicable
FIP signal
More than 10
alarm zones or
250 devices
Fault Fault Fault Fault Fault Fault
SIP signal
More than 10
alarm zones or
250 devices
Fault Fault Fault Fault Fault Fault
Alarm loss
Not more than
10 alarm zones
or 250 devices
10 alarm
zones
maximum
10 alarm
zones
maximum
1 alarm
zone
maximum
10 alarm
zones or
250
devices
maximum
10 alarm
zones or
250
devices
maximum
10 alarm
zones or 250
devices
maximum
Alarm loss
More than 10
alarm zones or
250 devices
None None None None None None
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AS 1670.11995
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3.3.3 Class 1 systems
The following applies to the signal path or signal paths between the FIP and the SIP:
(a) A single open circuit shall indicate as a signal path fault at the FIP.
(b) A single open circuit shall indicate as a signal path fault at SIPs with more than
10 alarm zones or 250 devices.
(c) A short circuit shall indicate as either a signal path fault or an SIP alarm at the FIP
for SIPs with no more than 10 alarm zones or 250 devices.
(d) SIPs with more than 10 alarm zones or 250 devices shall be interconnected using two
separate cable paths. These cable paths shall be individually and suitably protected
against mechanical damage in accordance with AS 3013, the category being specified
in Appendix C.
(e) A single short circuit on any of the cable paths from SIPs with more than 10 alarm
zones or 250 devices shall not prevent the transmission of alarm, and shall indicate as
a signal path fault at the FIP and the SIP.
(f) Only one SIP shall be connected to each set of signal paths. Multiple SIPs mounted
adjacent to each other shall be considered as one SIP for the purpose of this
requirement.
The connection between the FIP and the SIP may be as shown in Figure 3.1(a) and (b).
FIGURE 3.1 CLASS 1 SYSTEMS
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AS 1670.11995
13
The following applies to the signal path or signal paths between the FIP and the SIP:
(a) Any signal path fault shall indicate as a signal path fault at the FIP.
(b) SIPs on a common path totalling more than 10 alarm zones or 250 devices shall be
interconnected using two separate cable paths. These cable paths shall be individually
and suitably protected against mechanical damage in accordance with AS 3013, the
category being specified in Appendix C.
(c) A fault on any of the signal paths from SIPs with more than 10 alarm zones or
250 devices shall not prevent the transmission of an alarm and shall also indicate as a
signal path fault at the SIP.
(d) Only one SIP shall be connected to a single signal path. Multiple SIPs mounted
directly adjacent to each other with a combined total not exceeding 10 alarm zones or
250 devices shall be considered as one SIP.
The connection between the FIP and the SIP may be as shown in Figure 3.2(a) and (b).
The following applies to the signal path or signal paths between the FIP and RCE:
(a) Any signal path fault, or remotely supplied power supply fault, shall indicate as a
signal path or power supply fault respectively, at the FIP.
(b) RCEs on a common path totalling more than 10 alarm zones or 250 devices shall be
interconnected using two separate cable paths. These cable paths shall be individually
and suitably protected against mechanical damage in accordance with AS 3013, the
category being specified in Appendix C.
(c) A single open circuit on any of the signal paths or remotely supplied power supply
lines for RCEs, shall not prevent the transmission of an alarm from more than one
alarm zone.
(d) A single short circuit on any of the signal paths, or remotely supplied power supply
lines for RCEs, shall not prevent the transmission of an alarm from more than
10 alarm zones or 250 devices.
The connection between the FIP and the RCE may be as shown in Figure 3.3(a), (b) and (c).
3.3.6 Signal path fault indication
Where required by Clauses 3.3.3, 3.3.4 and 3.3.5, a fault in the FIP to SIP signal path shall
be indicated by a dedicated yellow/amber LED suitably labelled, or by the common fault
LED, provided the nature of the fault can be determined by other means, such as from an
alphanumeric display. The fault shall also indicate audibly as per AS 1603.4. Facilities to
silence or isolate the fault sounder shall be provided. A fault in the signal path shall
indicate within 60 s of such a fault occurring.
3.3.7 Signal path protection
Where the signal path is not duplicated or is not routed via separate fire-rated paths, the
signalling cables shall have a rating of not less than WS5XW in accordance with AS 3013.
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AS 1670.11995
14
Mechanical protection where required shall comply with Appendix C. Where installed
underground the signal path shall also comply with the requirements for category B systems
underground wiring (see AS 3000).
Where two separate paths are used and a single short circuit does not affect the alarm signal
from any zone or device, mechanical protection shall only be required where cables may be
subject to impact from equipment, vehicles or ladders, in the course of normal building
operation and maintenance. Hence cabling in false ceiling, roof spaces and the like will not
require mechanical protection to WSX2.
3.4 INTERMIXING OF ACTUATING DEVICES
Intermixing of the various devices on one alarm zone circuit is permitted, provided that the
devices are suitably rated for the system voltages and are compatible.
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AS 1670.11995
15
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AS 1670.11995
16
S E C T I O N 4 L O C A T I O N O F D E T E C T O R S
4.1 GENERAL
Detectors shall be located throughout all areas. Smoke detectors shall be installed in all
sleeping areas and egress paths serving sleeping areas, where no fixed cooking facilities are
installed. The following considerations shall apply in determining the location of detectors
to be installed:
(a) Where an area is divided into sections by walls, partitions, or storage racks, reaching
within 300 mm of the ceiling (or the soffits of the joists where there is no ceiling),
each section shall be treated as a room, and shall be protected.
(b) A clear space of at least 300 mm radius, to a depth of 600 mm, shall be maintained
from the detector or sampling point.
(c) Detectors shall be mounted such that their indicators are visible from the path of
normal entry to the area they protect.
NOTE: Additional protection may be required where any special structural features or conditions
exist (see Appendix B).
4.2 SPECIFIC LOCATIONS
4.2.1 Accessible service tunnels
Accessible service tunnels, not fire-isolated, which provide communication between
buildings or sections thereof shall be protected (see Clause 4.2.8).
4.2.2 Air-handling systems
Detectors mounted in each air-handling system shall be connected to a separate alarm zone
facility (AZF) on the CIE.
Each smoke detector installed in a duct shall be fitted to an air-sampling device. Detectors
installed in air-handling systems shall be provided with permanent indelible labels, stating
fire alarm zone circuit designation and detector number, affixed adjacent to the detectors.
All self-indicating devices on smoke detectors located in air-handling systems shall be
clearly visible. Where this condition cannot be met, remote indicating devices are required,
and they shall be labelled appropriately.
Detectors shall be provided in the following locations within air-handling systems:
(a) Return-air system Buildings with a return air-handling system serving more than one
room shall have at least one smoke detector to sample air from each return air
opening for each storey in the building.
NOTE: Where return air smoke detectors are installed to comply with AS 1668.1 and they
meet the requirements of this Standard, then those detectors may be used to satisfy this
requirement.
(b) Supply-air ducts Air-handling plant supplying air to more than one storey within the
building shall have a smoke detector installed as close as practicable to the plant to
detect smoke downstream of the supply air fan.
NOTE: Where supply-air smoke detectors are installed to comply with AS 1668.1 they may
be considered to satisfy this requirement. It is recommended that where AS 1668.1 does not
apply, the operation of any detector associated with the air-handling systems within the
building should shut-down the air-handling equipment to prevent the spread of smoke
throughout the building.
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AS 1670.11995
17
(c) Exhaust ducts Ducts that are used for exhausting cooking fumes, flammable
vapours, lint material and the like shall have at least one detector at the furthest
practicable downstream point of the duct.
NOTE: Detectors for this application should be carefully selected to suit the environment so
that spurious alarms are minimized. A fully sealed heat detector would normally be used.
4.2.3 Concealed spaces
4.2.3.1 General
Protection shall be provided in all concealed spaces, except those areas specified in
Clause 4.3. Access for maintenance of detectors in concealed spaces shall be provided.
Where personnel entry to the concealed space is required the access dimensions shall be not
less than 450 mm 350 mm.
4.2.3.2 Electrical equipment
Where a concealed space contains electrical lighting or power equipment that is fully within
the concealed space, and is connected to an electrical supply in excess of extra low voltage,
a detector shall be mounted on the ceiling of the concealed space within 1.5 m measured
horizontally from the equipment (see Clause 4.3(b)). An exception to this is when light
fittings are not rated above 100 W and power equipment with moving parts is not rated
above 100 W and stationary power equipment is not rated above 500 W.
For the purpose of this Standard, electrical wiring installed in accordance with AS 3000,
and any enclosures of light fittings not deemed combustible which protrude into a false
ceiling, are not regarded as electrical equipment.
NOTE: The detector used in the protection of the equipment in concealed spaces does not
necessarily constitute protection of the concealed space.
4.2.3.3 Remote indicators
Detectors installed in concealed spaces shall have remote indicators located in a position
clearly visible from the occupied area and close to or clearly indicating the location of the
detector. Remote indicators are not required where the concealed space is readily accessible
and
(a) has a height exceeding 2 m;
(b) is beneath removable flooring (such as computer flooring); or
(c) the detectors location is indicated at the CIE.
Where detectors are mounted under removable flooring such as computer rooms, a label
shall be affixed to the ceiling or ceiling grid immediately above the detector indicating the
location of the detector below.
4.2.4 Cupboards
Any walk-in type cupboard with a floor area exceeding 2 m
2
, or used for the storage of
flammable materials shall be internally protected.
Cupboards containing electrical or electronic equipment having voltages greater than extra-
low voltage shall be protected internally if in excess of 1 m
3
.
NOTE: For electrical cubicles not requiring protection, see Clause 4.3.
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AS 1670.11995
18
4.2.5 External walls
Where the external walls of protected buildings are clad with combustible material they
shall be protected. The spacing of detectors shall be in accordance with the corridor spacing
specified in Clause 5.2.1. Detectors shall be located under the eaves or at the roof level.
NOTE: Heat detectors mounted under the eaves would normally be used for the protection of
external walls. Where eaves are not available to mount the detectors, line-type detectors should be
used at the top of the wall.
4.2.6 Intermediate horizontal surfaces
Protection shall be provided under intermediate horizontal surfaces such as ducts, loading
platforms, and storage racks in excess of 3.5 m in width and whose undersurface is in
excess of 800 mm above the floor.
Where the distance from the underside of the intermediate surface to the ceiling is less than
800 mm, the underside of the intermediate surface may be considered as the ceiling.
If the side of the duct or structure is in excess of 800 mm from the wall or other ducts or
structures, detectors shall be provided at the highest accessible point on the ceiling.
Where a concealed space is formed above or below the intermediate surface, such as ducts
above false ceilings in corridors, Clause 4.3 applies.
4.2.7 Monitor, sawtooth, or gable ceilings or roofs
Where a structure has a monitor ceiling or roof, a sawtooth ceiling or roof, or a gable
ceiling or roof, a row of detectors shall be installed between 0.5 m and 1.5 m from the apex
measured horizontally (see spacing requirements and typical detector locations in
Sections 5, 6, and 7).
4.2.8 Near doors
Where a door is permitted to be held open, and separates a protected area from an
unprotected area, a detector shall be placed inside the protected area not more than 1.5 m
from the door, see Clause 8.10.
NOTE: Additional detectors may be required for the control of automatic door closures.
4.2.9 Open grid (or egg crate) ceilings
Detectors may be omitted from the underside of open grid portions of the ceiling which
have not less than two-thirds of the ceiling area open to the free flow of air and have
detectors installed on the ceiling above the open grid.
Where any solid portion of the ceiling has a dimension in excess of 2 m and has an area in
excess of 5 m
2
, normal protection shall be provided on the underside of the solid portion of
the open grid ceiling.
Where flame detectors are used they shall be installed both above and below the open grid
ceiling. The space above the open grid ceiling shall be protected, if required by this
Standard.
4.2.10 Restricted access
Where detectors are installed in areas to which fire brigade access is restricted, each area
shall be a separate alarm zone, or have a suitably labelled remote indicator installed outside
the entry to the area.
NOTE: Examples of restricted access may include, vaults, strongrooms, lift motor rooms, lift
shafts, locked cool rooms, freezers and high voltage switch rooms.
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AS 1670.11995
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4.2.11 Sole occupancy units
Sole occupancy units consisting of one main room and water closet/shower/bathroom, with
a bounding FRL minimum of 60/60/60 may be protected by one detector located in the main
room provided that the total area of the whole unit is less than 46 m
2
. The water
closet/shower/bathroom and the ceiling space containing a fan coil unit need not be
protected.
Detector(s) installed in each sole occupancy unit room shall be connected to a separate
alarm zone facility. Common alarm zone facilities may be used, provided that a clearly
labelled separate remote indicator is provided in the common access area outside each sole
occupancy unit.
NOTE: The location of the detector should take into account airflows and airstream.
4.2.12 Stairways
Non-fire isolated stairways shall be protected at each floor level within the stairway.
4.2.13 Vertical shafts and openings
Vertical risers, lift shafts, and similar openings between storeys, which exceed 0.1 m
2
in
area, shall be protected within the riser at the top and as follows:
(a) Where vertical shafts penetrate any storey and are not fire-isolated, a detector shall be
located on the ceiling of each storey not more than 1.5 m horizontally distant from
where the vertical shaft penetrates the storey above.
(b) Any ceiling which contains openings exceeding 9 m
2
and permitting free travel of fire
between storeys shall have detectors located within 1.5 m of the edge of the opening,
and spaced not more than 7.2 m apart around the perimeter of the opening. Such
detectors may be regarded as part of the general protection for the area below the
opening. If the opening is less than 0.5 m from a wall no detectors are required
between the wall and the opening.
4.2.14 Walkways
Enclosed covered walkways, irrespective of the type of construction, shall have a detector
in the covered way within 1.5 m of the adjoining protected area, except where the total
covered way is, itself, protected in accordance with this Standard. A covered walkway shall
be considered as enclosed if 90% of wall area above the height of the doorway into the
protected building is enclosed within 3 m of the building.
4.3 LOCATIONS WHERE PROTECTION IS NOT REQUIRED
Notwithstanding the foregoing requirements, detectors are not required in the following
locations:
(a) Air locks Air locks, opening on both sides into protected areas, provided that they do
not contain electrical equipment, are not used for the storage of goods or for access to
cupboards and are not used as washrooms.
(b) Concealed spaces Concealed spaces as follows (see Clause 4.2.3):
(i) Concealed spaces other than between intermediate floors, which are less than
800 mm high, do not contain electrical lighting and power equipment and are
not used for storage.
(ii) Concealed spaces between intermediate floors having a fire-resistance level of
not less than 120/60/30 and the ceiling below, which are less than 800 mm high
and which do not contain electrical lighting and power equipment.
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AS 1670.11995
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(iii) Concealed spaces to which there is no access and which are fire-isolated with a
minimum fire-resistance level 60/30/15.
(iv) Concealed spaces to which there is no access and which are less than 350 mm
high, irrespective of construction.
(v) Concealed spaces which are less than 2.8 m
3
, do not contain electrical lighting
and power and are not used for storage.
(c) Covered ways Verandas, balconies, colonnades, open-sided covered walkways
(except as required by Clause 4.2.14), overhanging roof areas, and the like
constructed of non-combustible material and not used for the storage of goods or as a
car park.
(d) Cupboards containing water heaters If a cupboard, opening off a protected area is
solely for the use of a water heater and does not exceed 2 m3 in volume, protection is
not required.
(e) Exhaust ducts In ducts exhausting from toilets, or rooms containing single ironing
and laundry facilities.
(f) Fire suppression system Any area protected by an approved automatic fire
suppression system (applies to heat detectors only).
(g) Sanitary spaces Any water closet or shower-recess or bathroom, with a floor area of
less than 3.5 m
2
and opening off a protected area.
(h) Skylights Skylights as follows:
(i) With an opening on the ceiling of less than 0.5 m2 and not used for ventilation.
(ii) Installed in areas not requiring detection (such as sanitary spaces).
(iii) That have less than 4.0 m2 area, have a recess height of not more than 800 mm
and are not used for ventilation.
(iv) With an opening on the ceiling of less than 0.15 m
2
.
(i) Switchboards Any non-recessed or freestanding switchboard or switchboard cubicle
protected by the normal protection of the area in which it is contained.
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AS 1670.11995
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S E C T I O N 5 H E A T D E T E C T I O N S Y S T E M S
5.1 GENERAL
Each detector shall be installed so that no part of the sensing element is less than 15 mm or
more than 100 mm below the ceiling or roof. Where roof purlins inhibit the free flow of
heat to the detector, the detector may be installed on the purlin provided that the sensing
element is not further than 350 mm from the roof. (See Section 3 for the maximum number
of detectors per alarm zone facility and alarm zone limitations.)
The maximum spacing and location of detectors shall comply with the requirements of
Clause 5.2 (see Figures 5.1, 5.2, and 5.3 for detector locations).
Detectors shall be installed in the highest point of the ceiling (see Figure 5.2); however,
where the ceiling is constructed with beams or joists or a step less than 300 mm deep, the
detector may be installed on the underside of the beam or joist.
Heat detectors, beneath roofs and ceilings subject to solar radiation, shall be installed with
the sensing element between 180 mm and 350 mm vertically below the roof or ceiling.
NOTE: The type of detector for use in various locations is described in Appendix B.
5.2 SPACING AND LOCATION OF DETECTORS
5.2.1 Spacing between detectors for level surfaces
For level surfaces, excluding corridors, detectors shall be arranged so that the distance from
any point on the ceiling of the protected area to the nearest detector does not exceed 5.1 m
(see Figure 5.1(a)). In addition, the distance between any detector and the nearest detector
to it shall not exceed 7.2 m.
For corridors, the distance between detectors shall not be more than 10.2 m
(see Figure 5.1(b)).
5.2.2 Spacing between detector for sloping surfaces
The spacing between heat detectors for sloping surfaces in the longitudinal direction from
the heat detectors near the apex shall not exceed 7.2 m. The lower rows of heat detectors
shall be spaced not greater than 7.2 m measured horizontally from adjacent rows, the
outside wall or partition. The spacing between heat detectors in a longitudinal direction may
extend to 14.4 m in the lower rows, where the slope of the ceiling is 1 in 10 (see
Figure 5.2).
DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETRES
FIGURE 5.1 (in part) TYPICAL DETECTOR SPACINGLEVEL SURFACES
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AS 1670.11995
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FIGURE 5.1 (in part) TYPICAL HEAT DETECTOR SPACINGLEVEL SURFACES
5.2.3 Spacing in concealed spaces requiring protection
Concealed spaces for which protection is required under Clause 4.2.3 shall be protected in
accordance with Clauses 5.2.1 to 5.2.5, subject to the following exceptions:
(a) Concealed spaces with level upper surfaces in excess of 2 m high shall have detectors
spaced in accordance with Clauses 5.2.1 and 5.2.4.
(b) For concealed spaces with level upper surfaces less than 2 m high and having
downward projections, such as beams and ducts not exceeding 300 mm from the
upper surface of the space, the spacing between detectors shall not exceed 10 m, and
the distance between any wall or partition to the nearest detector shall not exceed
5 m.
Where downward projections exceed 300 mm, the spacing of detectors shall be in
accordance with Clauses 5.2.1 and 5.2.5.
(c) For concealed spaces with apices, the spacing between detectors in the longitudinal
direction at the apex shall not exceed 7.2 m. In a sloping surface, the lowest row of
detectors shall be located not more than 7.2 m measured horizontally towards the
apex from a position where the vertical height, between the upper and lower surfaces
of the space, is 800 mm. The spacing between detectors in a longitudinal direction
may be extended to 14.4 m in the lower rows. The distances between intermediate
rows parallel to the apex shall not exceed 7.2 m. The longitudinal spaces between the
detectors on the lower rows shall be arranged so that the detectors are spaced equally
between the detectors on the adjacent rows. (See Figure 5.2.)
5.2.4 Spacing from walls, partitions, or air supply openings
The distance from the nearest row of detectors to any wall or partition shall not exceed
3.6 m, or be less than 300 mm (see Figure 5.1(a)). For corridors, the distance between the
end wall and the nearest detector shall not exceed 5 m (see Figure 5.1(b)).
Detectors shall not be installed closer than 400 mm to any air supply opening.
5.2.5 Reduced spacing
For all types of heat detector, closer spacing may be required to take account of special
structural characteristics of the protected area. In particular, the following requirements
shall be observed:
(a) Where the ceiling of the protected area is segmented by beams, joists, or ducts, and
the vertical depth of such members is greater than 300 mm, spacing between detectors
shall be reduced by 30% in the direction perpendicular to the direction of
segmentation.
(b) The maximum coverage of a Type E detector shall be 9 m
2
.
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AS 1670.11995
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5.3 LINE-TYPE SYSTEMSTUBULAR OR CABLE
Installations of line-type detectors shall comply with the appropriate requirements of
Clauses 5.2.1 to 5.2.5, and with the following requirements:
(a) The maximum length for each line detection circuit shall be in accordance with the
area limitation specified in Section 3.
The line detection circuit activating devices associated with the tube or cable shall not
exceed the area specified in Clause 3.1 for each alarm zone facility.
(b) The bore of the tubing shall be not less than 1.5 mm, and the thickness of the wall
shall be not less than 0.3 mm.
(c) All line detection circuits shall be installed so that they are not subject to mechanical
damage.
The heat-sensing portion of the line-type detection circuit shall not be installed in
more than one alarm zone unless adequate precautions are taken to prevent incorrect
alarm zone identification.
(d) Line detection circuits shall be disposed throughout the protected area so that there is
not more than 7.2 m between any two adjacent lines and within 3.6 m of any wall or
partition. In the roof bays, there shall be a line detection circuit for each apex, even
though these apices may be less than 7.2 m apart (see Appendix B, Paragraph B2).
Where the line-type detector is made up of a number of individual single elements, each
element should be considered as a point-type detector for spacing purposes.
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AS 1670.11995
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NOTES:
1 Alternate rows offset.
2 Lowest row measurement taken from 800 mm height, applies to concealed spaces only.
3 Apex detectors should comply with Clause 4.2.7 and Figure 5.3.
FIGURE 5.2 TYPICAL HEAT DETECTOR LOCATIONS FOR SLOPING SURFACES
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AS 1670.11995
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NOTE: Detector always on side with least slope.
FIGURE 5.3 (in part) TYPICAL DESIGN CRITERIA FOR POINT-TYPE AND LINE-
TYPE DETECTORS
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AS 1670.11995
26
NOTE: Infra-red scans of a building have shown heat pockets at spaces of roof structures due to solar radiation.
Therefore, to obtain effective fire detection, the detectors should be located below these pockets.
FIGURE 5.3 (in part) TYPICAL DESIGN CRITERIA FOR POINT-TYPE AND LINE-
TYPE DETECTORS
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AS 1670.11995
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S E C T I O N 6 S M O K E D E T E C T I O N S Y S T E M S
6.1 GENERAL
The location of detectors shall be to the best advantage for detecting a fire. Where the
ceiling or roof height is more than 20 m from the floor, the detector location shall be based
on engineering considerations of the fire plume within the building environment.
6.2.1 General
The opening to the sensing element for ceiling-mounted point-type detectors shall be not
less than 25 mm and normally not more than 600 mm below the ceiling or roof. Where the
detector mounting height is over 4 m and less than 20 m from the floor, see Figure 6.5 for
minimum distance below the ceiling line.
For the purpose of this Standard, CO point type fire detectors, complying with the
requirements of AS 1603.2, shall be installed in accordance with the requirements for point
type smoke detectors (see also Appendix B).
NOTE: See Appendix B for guidance for the selection of smoke detectors.
Beam type smoke detectors shall be mounted not less than 300 mm and not more than
600 mm below the ceiling or roof. Additional beam type detectors may be installed in
vertical shafts, e.g. atria, at lower levels.
NOTE: Where high temperatures are experienced close to ceilings and roofs, such as unlined
roofs, it may be necessary to extend the location of the detector down below the ceiling to obtain
the earliest response. The lower limit of the mounting position of the detector may be changed to
suit the individual application as determined by smoke tests. Care should be taken to ensure that
beam receiver units are not exposed to strong light, especially direct sunlight.
Other Standards or Codes may mandate the use of specific types of smoke detectors for specific
application. Direct substitution of another type may not be permitted.
The maximum spacing and location of detectors shall comply with the requirements of
Clauses 6.2.2 to 6.2.7 and Figures 6.4 to 6.6.
6.2.2 Spacing between detectors for level surfaces
For level surfaces, detectors shall be arranged so that the distance from any point on the
level surface of the protected area to the nearest detector does not exceed 7.2 m, (see
Figures 6.1(a) and (b)). In addition, the distance between any detector and the nearest
detector to it shall not exceed 10.2 m.
For beam type detectors, the distance shall not exceed 14.0 m.
Aspirated systems shall be so arranged that sampling points have the same spacings as
required for point-type detectors.
6.2.3 Spacing between detectors for sloping surfaces
The spacing between smoke detectors for sloping surfaces in the longitudinal direction from
the smoke detectors near the apex shall not exceed 10.2 m. The lower rows of smoke
detectors shall be spaced not more than 10.2 m measured horizontally from adjacent rows,
from the outside wall or partition. The spacing between the smoke detector in a longitudinal
direction may extend to 20.4 m in the lower rows where the slope of the ceiling is 1 in 10
(see Figure 6.2).
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AS 1670.11995
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6.2.4 Spacing in concealed spaces requiring protection
Concealed spaces for which protection is required under Clause 4.2.3 shall be protected in
accordance with Clauses 6.2.2 and 6.2.5, subject to the following:
(a) Concealed spaces with level upper surfaces in excess of 2 m high shall have detectors
spaced in accordance with Clauses 6.2.2 and 6.2.5.
(b) For concealed spaces with level upper surfaces less than 2 m high and having
downward projections, such as beams and ducts not exceeding 300 mm from the
upper surface of the space, the spacing between detectors shall not exceed 15 m, and
the distance between any wall or partition to the nearest detector shall not exceed
10.2 m.
Where downward projections exceed 300 mm, the spacing of detectors shall be in
accordance with Clause 6.2.7.
(c) For concealed spaces with apices, the spacing between detectors in the longitudinal
direction at the apex shall not exceed 10.2 m. In a sloping roof, the lower row of
detectors shall be located at a maximum of 10.2 m measured horizontally towards the
apex from a position where the vertical height between the upper and lower surfaces
of the space, is 800 mm. The spacing between detectors in a longitudinal direction
may be extended to 20.4 m in the lower rows. The longitudinal spaces between
detectors on the lower rows shall be arranged so that the detectors are spaced equally
between the detectors on the adjacent rows. (See Figure 6.2.)
6.2.5 Spacing from walls, partitions, or air supply openings
The distance from the nearest row of detectors to any wall or partition shall not exceed
5.1 m or be less than 300 mm (see Figure 6.1(a)). For corridors, the distance between the
end wall and the nearest detector shall not exceed 5.1 m (see Figure 6.1(b)).
Detectors shall not be installed closer than 400 mm to any air-supply opening.
Where ceiling fans are installed smoke detectors shall not be installed within 400 mm of the
blades of the fan.
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AS 1670.11995
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FIGURE 6.1 TYPICAL SMOKE DETECTOR SPACINGFOR LEVEL SURFACES
6.2.6 Areas of high airflows
For computer rooms or similar applications where the number of air changes exceeds 15 per
hour, the spacing between detectors shall be not more than 7.2 m or more than 3.6 m from
walls and partitions.
NOTE: Special engineering consideration is required for areas where air velocities are 3 m/s.
6.2.7 Spacing where additional protection is required
Where roofs or level surfaces are compartmented by structural features which could have
the effect of restricting the free flow of smoke, the detectors shall be located so that early
detection is ensured, subject (for point-type detectors) to the following (see Figure 6.6):
(a) For areas with ceiling height not exceeding 4 m and deep beam depth not exceeding
300 mm (see Area 1, Figure 6.6), the spacing of detectors shall be in accordance with
Clauses 6.2.2 and 6.2.5.
(b) For areas with ceiling height not exceeding 2 m and deep beam depth exceeding
300 mm (see Area 2, Figure 6.6), the spacing of detectors shall be in accordance with
Clauses 6.2.2 and 6.2.5.
(c) For areas with ceiling height greater than 2 m and not exceeding 4 m, deep beam
depth exceeding 300 mm (see Area 3, Figure 6.6), and the interbeam area less than
4 m
2
, detectors shall be mounted on the underside of the beams and spaced in
accordance with Clause 6.2.6.
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AS 1670.11995
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(d) For areas such as Item (c) above, where the interbeam area is equal to or greater than
4 m
2
, at least one detector shall be placed in each interbeam area, and the spacing
shall be in accordance with Clauses 6.2.2 and 6.2.5.
(e) For areas with ceiling heights equal to or greater than 4 m and deep beam depth
exceeding 100 mm (see Area 4, Figure 6.6), detectors shall be mounted on the
underside of the beams and spaced in accordance with Clauses 6.2.2 and 6.2.5.
NOTE: Where airflow reduces the response of the detector located in these areas, the
detectors should be relocated in a more favourable position. Notwithstanding, the spacing
requirements of Clause 6.2.7 should not be exceeded.
6.3 MULTIPOINT ASPIRATED SMOKE DETECTORS
6.3.1 General
A point-type detector with an associated single point sampling device similar to that used
for sampling air from a duct is not covered by this Section.
Not applicable.
Failure of either the airflow through the sensing head or the electronic functions of the
system which could cause the total alarm zone to be unprotected, shall be indicated both
audibly and visually at the CIE.
6.3.2 System design
The design (size and airflow) of air-sampling pipes shall ensure that the system has a
sensitivity equal to or greater than normal sensitivity point-type smoke detectors covering
the same area.
The air-sampling network design shall be such that the amount of airflow drawn from the
penultimate sampling point is at least 50% of that drawn from the sampling point nearest
the detector.
NOTE: Manufacturers design calculations showing the sampling network design according to the
above criteria, may be provided as a means of indicating compliance.
The sensitivity required in this Clause shall be the static sensitivity as determined by the
design tool specified in AS 1603.8.
The system shall respond within 90 s from smoke entering the least favourable sampling
point.
The system shall comply with the following:
(a) The system shall be designed to ensure dust particles of 30 microns or more do not
adversely affect system performance.
NOTE: Certain environmental conditions or applications may warrant this value to be
adjusted.
(b) The installation and alignment of any part of the system shall be such that it can be
easily maintained and the sampling point orientation does not jeopardize the long
term reliability and performance of the system.
(c) The power supply for an aspirated smoke detector system (including air pumps,
sensing heads, indicators and similar) shall comply with the relevant parts of
AS 1603.4.
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AS 1670.11995
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(d) Each sampling point shall have an orifice sized to facilitate the correct operation of
the system in accordance with the system design data.
The spacing of sampling points shall not exceed the spacing requirements of single
point-type smoke detectors given in Clauses 6.2.2 to 6.2.7.
Each single compartment or room in excess of 46 m
2
shall have a minimum of two
sampling points.
(e) Sampling points shall not be painted or coated with any substance that will reduce the
size of the opening. Sampling points shall be deburred internally.
(f) The location of the sampling point shall be marked in a contrasting colour.
(g) Where non-metallic conduit is used for sampling systems and capillary tubes, it shall
comply with the following:
(i) Where subject to damage, it shall be of a type which has a mechanical strength
equivalent to heavy-duty PVC conduit complying with AS 2053.
(ii) Where not subject to damage, it shall be of a type which has a mechanical
strength equivalent to light-duty PVC conduit complying with AS 2053.
(iii) It shall be installed in accordance with AS 3000.
(iv) The joints shall be airtight and permanently bonded.
(h) All sampling pipes shall be coloured red, or have visible red markers at least 2 mm
wide, longitudinally along the pipe length. The sampling pipes shall be marked with a
word or words at intervals not exceeding 1 m, which describes the purpose such as
FIRE DETECTION SYSTEMDO NOT PAINT, in letters not less than 5 mm in
height.
(j) Capillary tubes used to branch from the main sampling pipe shall be fixed at both
ends so that the joints have a withdrawal force of not less than 100 N.
Capillary tubes shall not restrict the airflow by changes of direction or reduction in
cross-sectional area. Non-metallic capillary tubes shall comply with AS 1159.
(k) Where the system piping is concealed, the air-sampling points attached to the
capillary tubes shall be clearly identifiable by a labelled plate of not less than
1900 mm
2
, with the words FIRE DETECTION SYSTEMDO NOT PAINT, in letters
not less than 3 mm high.
(l) Sampling points for room protection shall be not more than 300 mm or less than
25 mm from the ceiling.
NOTE: The lower limit of the mounting position of the sampling point may be changed to suit
individual applications as determined by smoke tests.
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AS 1670.11995
32
NOTES:
1 Alternate rows offset.
2 Lowest row measurement taken from 800 mm height applies to concealed spaces only.
3 Apex detectors should comply with Clause 4.2.7 together with Figure 6.4.
FIGURE 6.2 TYPICAL POINT-TYPE AND SAMPLING SYSTEMS SMOKE
DETECTOR LOCATIONS FOR SLOPING SURFACES
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AS 1670.11995
33
NOTE: Lowest row measurement taken from 800 mm height applies to concealed spaces only.
FIGURE 6.3 TYPICAL BEAM TYPE SMOKE DETECTOR LOCATIONS FOR SLOPING
SURFACES
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AS 1670.11995
34
NOTE: Detector always on side with least slope.
FIGURE 6.4 (in part) TYPICAL SMOKE DETECTOR (POINT-TYPE, BEAM TYPE AND
SAMPLING SYSTEMS) LOCATIONS AT APEX OF CEILING, ROOF OR SURFACE
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AS 1670.11995
35
NOTES:
1 X = 10 200 for point and sampling tube type detectors
X = 14 000 for beam type detectors
Y = distance in accordance with Figure 6.5.
2 Infra-red scans of a building have shown heat pockets at apices of roof structures due to solar radiation.
Therefore, to obtain effective fire detection, the detectors should be located below these pockets.
FIGURE 6.4 (in part) TYPICAL SMOKE DETECTOR (POINT-TYPE, BEAM TYPE AND
SAMPLING SYSTEMS) LOCATIONS AT APEX OF CEILING, ROOF OR SURFACE
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AS 1670.11995
36
NOTE: Fire aerosols are transported by means of warm air from the fire source and their vertical progress is
impeded when the temperature of the smoke equals that of the surrounding air; therefore, for high ceilings a larger
fire source is necessary to transport the smoke to the detector. For this reason, it is necessary for smoke detectors to
be installed below the warm air pockets at roof levels as indicated by the graph.
FIGURE 6.5 SMOKE DETECTOR LOCATIONS
FIGURE 6.6 DESIGN CRITERIA FOR POINT-TYPE DETECTORS AND
SAMPLING SYSTEMS IN STRUCTURES WITH DEEP BEAMS
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AS 1670.11995
37
S E C T I O N 7 F L A M E D E T E C T I O N S Y S T E M S
7.1 GENERAL
The operating principles of flame detectors (infra-red or ultraviolet) need to be understood
to enable the correct selection and location of a particular device to suit the risk and the
level of protection required. Particular attention shall be given to the manufacturers
installation instructions for the type of detector selected.
Flame detectors shall be located so that their field of view is not blocked by structural
members of buildings or other objects, and so that they can be easily reached for
maintenance, particularly the cleaning of lenses. Flame detectors shall not be located near
bright lights nor behind glass or other transparent panels which prevent the transmission of
radiation from flames.
Detectors shall be spaced to ensure that the risk areas are protected with a minimum of
shadowing or blind spots. Where significant unprotected areas exist because of the presence
of objects such as aircraft or equipment high-pile storage racks, additional detectors to
cover these areas shall be installed (see Paragraph B5.4 and Figures B1 to B3 of
Appendix B).
7.3 FIXING OF DETECTORS
Detectors shall be rigidly fixed to a stable support so that vibration or shocks shall not
cause spurious alarm signals or misalignment of the detector leading to loss of protection.
7.4 DETECTOR LENSES
Lenses of flame detectors through which flame radiation is received shall be appropriately
designed for the coverage required. Where detectors are placed in environments likely to
lead to the depositing of particles on the lens, appropriate baffles or purging equipment
shall be fitted to ensure that the detectors sensitivity is retained between service periods.
7.5 PROTECTION FROM WEATHER
Detectors mounted out of doors shall be housed in weatherproof enclosures of corrosion-
resistant material. They shall be fixed and supported so that they are not liable to movement
because of wind or other causes.
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AS 1670.11995
38
S E C T I O N 8 I N S T A L L A T I O N
R E Q U I R E M E N T S
8.1 GENERAL
All equipment installed shall comply with the relevant standards of design and construction
referred to in Clause 1.5. Equipment shall be installed in locations that will not prejudice its
performance and reliability. Equipment shall be selected which is suited to the environment
in which it is to be located. If environmental conditions such as high temperature,
dampness, corrosion, vibration, shock, flammable atmosphere or explosive atmospheres can
be experienced, the equipment shall be of a type complying with the appropriate Australian
Standard.
Equipment shall be installed so that the correct performance is maintained. Where the
sensitivity of the fire detection system can be varied by the control and indicating
equipment, the range of variation shall be limited to that specified by the appropriate
Australian Standard.
Access for servicing all equipment shall be provided, and detectors shall be located in
accordance with the spacing requirements of Sections 5, 6, and 7.
NOTE: Where special installation arrangements are required, the equipment manufacturers
recommendations should be followed.
8.2 POWER SOURCE
8.2.1 Power source (primary)
The CIE shall be energized by a reliable source of supply and shall be connected in
accordance with AS 3000. The power source shall be either
(a) an a.c. supply from an electricity authority; or
(b) a source equal in quality and reliability to Clause 8.2.1(a).
The primary power source shall be capable of operating the system in the event of failure of
the secondary power source.
NOTE: In AS 1603.4 the equipment is assessed for reliable performance with nominated primary
supply voltage +6% to 10%. The nominated supply voltage is normally 240 V 50 Hz a.c. and
where equipment is connected to other primary supply voltages, care must be taken to ensure the
equipment is compatible with the primary supply voltage.
8.2.2 Power source (secondary)
The system shall be provided with a secondary power source, which is capable of operating
the system should the primary power source fail.
The secondary power source shall consist of rechargeable stationary batteries of the type
which are compatible with the CIE. Applicable Standards are AS 2191, AS 4029 or
AS 1603.4 (sealed lead acid).
NOTE: Automotive-type batteries are not normally suitable for stationary battery use.
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AS 1670.11995
39
8.2.3 Power source rating
The sum of the worst case of the following loads shall not exceed the power supply rating
of the CIE
(a) the total load of the CIE with five actuating devices in alarm state in each of two
alarm zones or the quiescent load of the CIE, whichever is greater;
NOTE: The total load of the CIE includes all equipment powered by the CIE power source,
e.g. warning system, ancillary controls and similar.
(b) two fire suppression systems in an activated state, or 20% of such connected systems,
whichever is the greater, where they are powered from the CIE; or
(c) the maximum battery charger current required to recharge the battery within 24 h
from fully discharged condition, to a capacity capable of maintaining the system for
5 h in normal working condition (quiescent) and 30 min in alarm condition.
8.2.4 Battery capacity
The capacity of the battery shall be such that in the event of failure of the primary power
source the batteries shall be capable of maintaining the system in normal working
(quiescent) condition for at least 24 h, after which sufficient capacity shall remain to
operate two worst case AZFs and associated ACFs for 30 min.
When calculating battery capacity, allowance shall be made for the expected loss of
capacity over the useful life of the battery. A new battery shall be at least 125% of the
calculated capacity requirements, based on a loss of 20% of its capacity over the useful life
of the battery.
NOTE: Where the fire control station will not receive the systems total power supply failure
signal, the battery should have sufficient capacity to maintain the system for 96 h.
8.2.5 Batteries and enclosure
The battery enclosure shall be readily accessible for inspection. For non-sealed batteries,
the battery enclosure shall not be above the enclosure for the fire indicator panel. The
connecting leads to the battery shall be clearly labelled to reduce the possibility of reverse
connections to the battery. The battery shall not be tapped for intermediate voltages and all
connections shall be made using suitable connectors. Overload protection shall be provided
on auxiliary loads connected to the battery supply.
8.2.6 Power source calculations
All devices, facilities or equipment external or internal which utilize the fire system power
source in either quiescent or alarm state shall be considered in the calculations of both the
battery and charger capacities.
Battery capacity shall be derived using
Battery capacity required at end of life (in Ah) = (I
Q
T
Q
) + (I
A
0.5)
where
I
Q
= total quiescent current
T
Q
= hours standby requirement
I
A
= total current in alarm state
0.5 = hours in alarm
Battery capacity required for new battery [(I
Q
T
Q
) + (I
A
0.5)] 1.25
NOTE: For typical battery capacity calculations see Appendix D.
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AS 1670.11995
40
8.2.7 Precaution against failure
Where the various component parts of the control and indicating equipment are installed in
separate locations, they shall be connected so that the wiring is supervised in accordance
with relevant requirements of AS 1603.4.
8.2.8 Ancillary loads
In addition to those specified in this Standard, other ancillary loads may be connected to the
CIE power supply provided they are current limited, and the total current drawn by such
ancillary loads do not exceed 2A.
Ancillary control devices or isolation relays external to the CIE shall be installed within a
protective enclosure and shall be marked or labelled with the words FIRE ALARM
SYSTEM.
NOTE: Normally energized ancillary loads, such as door holders, may be disconnected in the
event of failure of the primary power source.
8.3 CONNECTION OF EXISTING INSTALLATIONS
Where the work is an extension of an existing installation, the combined installation shall
be thoroughly tested to ensure that all parts of the installation and equipment are compatible
and that it will satisfactorily perform the required function. The new part of the installation
shall comply with the installation requirements of this Standard.
Where work involves the replacement of CIE, the wiring to the primary supply shall
conform to the latest edition of AS 3000 and the wiring to the fire control station
connection shall conform to this Standard.
Where existing actuating device wiring is required to be joined at the CIE, fixed terminal
strips utilizing clamp-type connectors shall be used. Where these joins are made outside the
CIE, they shall be housed in a suitable enclosure and labelled FIRE ALARM in a
contrasting colour with lettering size of not less than 25 mm.
NOTE: Care should be exercised to ensure that only compatible detectors are connected as
extensions to existing systems.
8.4 FIRE INDICATOR PANEL
8.4.1 General
The fire indicator panel shall be clearly visible and readily accessible within the main
entrance area or the fire control room.
8.4.2 Covering door
Where the fire indicator panel is obscured by a door, then that door shall be marked in a
contrasting colour to the general colour scheme with the words FIRE INDICATOR PANEL
in letters not less than 50 mm high. No other lettering shall be on the door. The door shall
not be lockable.
8.4.3 Remote location
Where the fire indicator panel is mounted in a remotely located control point acceptable to
the regulatory authority, a mimic panel or repeater panel shall be installed in a position
clearly visible within the main entrance area. The mimic panel or repeater panel shall
identify the location of the fire indicator panel.
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AS 1670.11995
41
8.4.4 Clearance
A minimum clearance shall be maintained from the enclosure as shown in Figure 8.1 to
provide access to the fire indicator panel.
All indicators and controls shall be not less than 750 mm or more than 1850 mm from the
floor.
To prevent water entry, equipment enclosures shall be at least 50 mm above the floor.
8.4.5 Detector location description
Where, because of the size of the building and the location of the detectors, it is not
possible to adequately describe all alarm zone locations concisely on the fire indicator
panel, the location of the alarm zones associated with each indicator may be described on a
durable material which is permanently fixed adjacent to the fire indicator panel, provided
that the indicator is readily identifiable with the relevant alarm zone.
In the case of alarm zone facilities associated with an air-handling system, the area from
which the air is being returned or supplied shall be described.
8.4.6 Documentation storage
The fire indicator panel enclosure shall have an adequate space to contain the system
logbook; the as-installed single line drawings (see Clause 9.4) and operators manual,
unless separate storage is provided within the fire control room. Areas within the fire
indicator panel enclosure which contain cable terminations and equipment or equipment
only, are not suitable locations.
8.4.7 CO labelling
Where CO detectors are installed, a clearly visible label shall be provided on or
immediately adjacent to the FIP/SIP. Lettering height shall be a minimum of 5 mm and in a
contrasting colour.
The label shall contain the following:
(a) Note CO fire detectors installed.
(b) In case of alarm, check area thoroughly. If no fire is apparent check adjacent areas.
(c) Special maintenance requirements may apply. Test and Service detectors in strict
accordance with the manufacturers specification.
FIGURE 8.1 MINIMUM ENCLOSURE CLEARANCE
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AS 1670.11995
42
8.5 SUBINDICATOR PANEL
A subindicator panel (SIP) may be installed in an area of a building requiring special
protection, such as a computer room, or a remote building on a site.
Subindicator panels shall only protect areas on one level of a building unless that SIP serves
the whole of the building. If the subindicator panel serves the complete building then it
shall be installed in accordance with the requirements for a main FIP. If the subindicator
panel serves a specific area it shall be located at the main point of entry into that area
covered by the connected AZCs.
The subindicator panel shall be connected to the main FIP, in compliance with Clause 3.3
as a separate AZF and be monitored for alarm, fault, isolate and power supply failure.
A subindicator panel classified as Class 1 (see Clause 3.3) shall not be connected to another
subindicator panel, unless one of the SIPs serves the complete building.
8.6 ALARM VERIFICATION FACILITY
Alarm zone facilities used for the following shall not be subject to alarm verification:
(a) Manual call points.
(b) Subindicator panels.
(c) Detectors used to activate fire suppression systems.
(d) Detectors installed in hazardous areas.
(e) Fire suppression systems.
(f) Beam detectors where a beam-interrupt fault overrides the alarm state.
(g) AZFs containing fixed temperature detectors only.
(h) Detectors that have integral alarm confirmation delays such as some multipoint
aspirated smoke detector systems.
NOTE: Since the provision of alarm verification delays transmission of a signal to the monitoring
service, it is desirable that it only be provided where other efforts to eliminate unwanted alarm
signals have been unsuccessful.
8.7 WARNING SYSTEMS
A fire warning system shall be provided to alert building occupants to a fire alarm situation.
The warning system shall be one of the following:
(a) An emergency warning system in accordance with AS 2220, initiated by the fire
detection system. The fire alarm system shall monitor the emergency warning system
for fault signals required by AS 2220.
(b) Electronic sounders or speakers capable of producing evacuation tones (with or
without verbal message) as specified in AS 2220. At any location within the signal
reception area, the A-weighted sound pressure level of the audible signals, measured
with the time weighted F (fast), shall exceed by a minimum of 10 dB the noisiest
background sound pressure level averaged over a period of 60 s. This level shall not
be less than 65 dB and not more than 105 dB. These values are to be determined in
accordance with AS 2659.1. The signal path to electronic sounders or speakers shall
be supervised for open and short circuit conditions.
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AS 1670.11995
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For audible signals intended to arouse sleeping occupants, the sound pressure level
signals shall not be less than 75 dB when measured at the sleeping position with any
intervening doors closed.
(c) Where the warning system is required to alert persons who are hearing impaired or in
areas having high ambient noise levels, the audible warning system shall be
reinforced by a system of visual alarm units or other devices, to provide sensory
stimulation adequate to the needs of the persons at risk.
NOTE: Research has indicated that bells or tones by themselves do not provide sufficient
stimulus for occupants to react and verbal messages should also be provided.
The system shall also be arranged to operate one bell located on the outside of the building.
This bell shall comply with the requirements of AS 1603.6, be audible and visible at the
main approach to the building, and shall be as near as practicable to the building entrance
through which fire brigade access is made to read the fire indicator panel, mimic panel, or
repeater panel information.
The bell shall be mounted in the orientation in which it was tested and approved. The word
FIRE, marked on the bell, shall be upright and clearly legible when the bell is installed.
A visible and audible indicator shall be provided to indicate short circuit or open circuit
faults. Such indication shall occur within 60 s. The visual indicator shall be yellow. The
aural CIE fault indicator shall be audible in a normally occupied area.
8.8 MANUAL CALL POINTS
A manual call point shall be installed in a clearly visible and readily accessible location
inside the main entrance area of the building. It may be located on the FIP within this area.
Manual call points may be connected to the alarm zone circuit protecting the area where
they are installed provided that the alarm zone circuit supervision is maintained and the
operation of the manual call point does not extinguish a previously lit detector indicator on
that circuit. Where MCPs activate a smoke hazard management or fire suppression system,
they shall be configured to operate the smoke hazard management or fire suppression
system applicable to the area in which they are installed.
NOTE: Where a manual call point (MCP) is connected to the same alarm zone circuit as actuating
devices which control smoke management or fire suppression systems, it should be ensured that
the activation of the MCP does not degrade the performance of any other system.
Each manual call point shall have its alarm zone number indelibly marked on the unit so
that it is clearly visible.
Where MCPs are subject to outdoor weathering, they shall comply with the weathering test
of AS 1603.5.
8.9 REMOTE INDICATORS FOR FIRE DETECTORS
The remote indicator shall provide a red light, and shall comply with the requirements of
AS 2362.25.
The remote indicator shall be fitted to a plate indelibly labelled with the wording FIRE
ALARM and the location. The lettering height shall be a minimum of 5 mm and in a
contrasting colour.
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AS 1670.11995
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The location is to be unambiguous and the following descriptions shall be included:
IN ROOF Accessible area between ceiling and roof.
IN CONCEALED SPACE Area between the ceiling and the floor above or an
inaccessible roof space.
IN CUPBOARD Small enclosure housing equipment or stores.
IN ROOM Large area used for working or habitable purposes.
RETURN AIR
SUPPLY AIR
The location of the remote indicator shall be in an area accessible at all times.
Remote indicators for rooms, cupboards or similar shall be installed on the wall above the
door giving access to the detector(s).
Remote indicators for roof or concealed spaces are to be installed on the underside of the
ceiling as close as practicable to the detector.
In the event of an alarm from a single actuating device, the associated remote indicator
shall remain ON until manually reset.
An open or short circuit fault in the indicator circuit shall not prevent the transmission of an
alarm.
8.10 SMOKE AND FIRE DOOR RELEASE CONTROL
Smoke and fire doors held open by door hold-open devices shall close upon receipt of an
alarm from fire protection systems protecting either side of the door.
Where the access path on both sides is not protected by smoke detectors in accordance with
this Standard, smoke detector(s) shall be installed in line with the centre of the door
opening no less than 300 mm and no more 1.5 m from the wall section above the door.
Where the wall section above the door exceeds 300 mm in height, then smoke detectors
shall be provided on each side of the door.
Detectors installed to control doors shall be connected to a separate AZF for each door set.
Where the building has a system installed in accordance with this Standard then the smoke
detectors may be connected to the AZC for the associated area.
Non-locking manual release switches shall be provided for door hold-open devices and
shall be visible and accessible with the door(s) in the open position. The release switch
shall be labelled DOOR RELEASE unless it is integral with the hold-open device. The
lettering height shall be a minimum of 5 mm and in contrasting colour.
Where more than one door panel is fitted to one opening, then one switch shall release all
door panels.
8.11 FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM
Where the protected building includes a fire indicator panel complying with AS 1603.4 and
a fire suppression system installed in accordance with AS 2118, the actuating device from
the suppression system shall be connected as a separate alarm zone to the FIP. Unless direct
fire control station connection is provided from the suppression system, alarm zone circuit
wiring shall comply with AS 3013 designation WS51W, with the mechanical rating
upgraded dependent on the hazard (see Appendix C).
NOTE: The suppression system may also be directly connected to the fire control station.
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AS 1670.11995
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Where the fire suppression system is not directly connected to the fire control station, a
separate AZF shall be provided at the FIP for each suppression system.
NOTE: Particular attention should be paid to the location of the FIP to minimize the delay to the
Brigade when it is responding to a fire alarm. On large sites the FIP should be placed close to the
site entrance or within a building adjacent to the entrance.
A clear indelible route map showing the path from the FIP to the control valves shall be
permanently affixed adjacent to the FIP.
Within a building, signs indicating the route to the control valves shall be placed on doors
and tunnel walls leading to the valves. A direction arrow shall be included where
appropriate.
NOTE: The signs should read SPRINKLER CONTROL VALVES in lettering no less than
50 mm high in a contrasting colour to the surrounding decor. Where lettering colour is not
important to the aesthetics of the building, red letters on a white background are preferred.
8.12 FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM SUPERVISION
Each ancillary control device circuit used to actuate a fire suppression system shall be
supervised for open or short circuit to cause the CIE to initiate an audible and visible fault
indication.
8.13 CONTROL OF ANCILLARY DEVICES
Circuits controlling ancillary devices shall be either electrically isolated or current-limited
to prevent a fault on the external wiring from ancillary control facilities inhibiting the
operation of other CIE functions or the transmission of an alarm signal.
8.14 VALVE MONITORING DEVICES
Where only valve monitoring devices are connected to a fire indicator panel, the fire
indicator panel may be located in the sprinkler valve room. In this instance, the parallel
wiring connection to the fire control station connection point may be made in the sprinkler
room.
Where monitored valves are intermixed on a fire indicator panel with other actuating
devices, they shall be segregated and have a separate alarm output signal.
All wiring to valve monitoring devices shall be supervised.
8.15 FLOW/PRESSURE SWITCHES
Each flow switch, pressure switch and the like used to initiate a fire alarm signal at the CIE,
shall be connected to a separate alarm zone facility of the CIE.
NOTE: Where the CIE does not provide adequate alarm delay facilities, the flow/pressure
switches used should incorporate retard or time delay devices to prevent false alarms due to
surges in the water supply.
8.16 FIP INDICATORS
Where sprinkler flow switches, firepumps or other devices associated with fire suppression
systems are connected to the CIE for indication only, their indicators shall be grouped
separately and distinct from other fire detection indicators.
All circuit wiring to these devices shall be supervised.
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AS 1670.11995
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8.17 WIRING
8.17.1 General
The wiring of the fire detection and alarm system and its associated extra-low voltage
circuits shall be kept separate and distinct from all other systems. Associated fire protection
systems within the CIE enclosure may share the same mains circuit and mains isolation
switch as the CIE. It shall be in accordance with the appropriate requirements of AS 3000.
The wiring between the main electrical switchboard and the control and indicating
equipment shall be in accordance with AS 3000.
Where the power supply unit is separate from the CIE, it shall be installed in accordance
with the requirement for CIE as specified in AS 3000.
8.17.2 Conductors
Except where mineral insulated metal sheathed (MIMS) conductors or telephone-type
cables are used, all conductors shall be stranded and have a minimum cross-sectional area
of 0.75 mm
2
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The maximum voltage drop specified by the equipment manufacturer shall not be exceeded.
Notwithstanding the above requirements, other communication methods such as optical
fibres are permitted provided that the integrity of the installation is equivalent to the
requirements of this Standard and such circuits are dedicated to the fire protection functions
of a building.
8.17.3 Cable colour
Sheathed cables shall comply with the following colour requirements:
(a) The outer sheath shall be coloured red or have permanent red markers of at least
25 mm in width spaced at intervals of not more than 2 m along the cable length.
(b) The insulation of each conductor shall be permanently coloured or marked so that
each conductor is readily identifiable at each termination.
8.17.4 Telephone-type cable
Where telephone-type cable is used to interconnect various components of the detection
system, it shall be double-insulated, Australian Telecommunications Authority (Austel)
approved and protected from mechanical damage (see Appendix C). The cables in
underground cable runs between buildings shall either be a type approved for direct burial
and suitably protected against mechanical damage, or be suitably enclosed in accordance
with AS 3000 and AS 3013.
The use of telephone type cables is permitted for wiring to
(a) mimic panels;
(b) repeater panels; and
(c) on multi-building sites to connect building SIPs to the FIP provided the cables are
installed underground. Where telephone-type cable exits the underground, the cable
shall be terminated to a cable complying with AS 3013 with a minimum rating of
WS51W and the mechanical rating upgraded dependent on the hazard as defined in
AS 3013 (see Appendix C).
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AS 1670.11995
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Where telephone type cabling is not segregated from the telecommunications network the
following is required:
(i) The line interfaces at both ends are AUSTEL approved.
(ii) Fire alarm cables and terminations are grouped together on telecom frames and
suitably marked.
(iii) The cable installed between buildings is underground.
8.17.5 Underground wiring
All underground wiring shall be installed to comply with category B as detailed in AS 3000.
8.17.6 Aerial reticulation
Aerial reticulation of alarm zone circuit wiring is acceptable provided that the cables are
tied to a separate catenary wire in accordance with AS 3000 or tied to a cable tray. The
minimum separation distance requirements of AS 3000 shall be observed.
NOTE: Particular attention shall be given to the cable run to ensure that the fire service cables are
not subject to mechanical damage. In areas where this damage can occur, mechanical protection is
to comply with AS 3013.
8.17.7 Joints and terminations
Wiring to all actuating devices shall be supervised to the extent that removal of any devices
from the AZC will cause a fault signal at the AZF. Each incoming and outgoing conductor
of the same potential shall be connected to the separate screw or clamping facility provided
on the same terminal connection.
Joints in conductors shall not be permitted except in runs in excess of 100 m. Joints and
terminations shall be made in a terminal box with fixed, clamp-type terminations, located in
an accessible space. All such terminal boxes shall be clearly identified on the as-installed
drawings.
All terminations shall have appropriate circuit markings within the terminal box and the
terminal box shall be marked FIRE ALARM in a contrasting colour.
Where a detector is connected by flexible cord, the cord shall have grips at each end to
relieve the terminals of stress.
Where actuating devices have separate fault signalling facilities, they shall be connected in
such a way to ensure that a fault in any actuating device does not prevent the transmission
of a fire alarm signal.
8.17.8
Not applicable
8.18 MONITORING SERVICE
8.18.1 General
Unless otherwise required by the regulatory authority, every fire detection and alarm system
shall be connected to a monitoring service with a permanently connected
telecommunications link to a firefighting service.
The alarm monitoring network shall comply with the relevant requirements for a
permanently connected controlled station as specified in AS 1670.3.
NOTE: A permanently connected controlled station includes a requirement for a secondary link
between the controlled and controlling stations.
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AS 1670.11995
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8.18.2 Alarm signalling equipment
Alarm signalling equipment shall comply with AS 4428.6.
8.18.3 Connection
Wiring from alarm signalling equipment to the alarm monitoring network connection point
shall comply with AS 3013 with a minimum rating of WS51W, and the mechanical rating
upgraded dependent on the hazard as defined in AS 3013 (see Appendix C). Where
connection to the alarm monitoring network is duplicated or separate signal paths, the
minimum cable rating shall be WSX1W. Connection to an IDF is permissible only if the
cable from the IDF to the MDF is installed underground.
NOTES:
1 Alarm signalling equipment connected to the telecommunications network requires Austel
approval.
2 Alarm signalling equipment connected to a radio network requires the approval of the
Spectrum Management Agency.
8.19 WIRE FREE ALARM ZONE CIRCUITS
8.19.1 General
Wire free alarm zone circuits shall meet the requirements of AS 4428.9.
8.19.2 Transmitters
Transmitters shall meet the requirements of the statutory body responsible for the allocation
of the spectrum.
8.19.3 Receivers
Receivers shall meet the requirements of the statutory body responsible for the allocation of
the spectrum.
8.20
Not applicable
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AS 1670.11995
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S E C T I O N 9 C O M M I S S I O N I N G
9.1 GENERAL
9.1.1 General
An operators manual for the CIE, as-installed drawings and documentation,
commissioning test report forms (see Appendix F) and the system log shall be available to
facilitate commissioning tests.
NOTE: Detectors which can be contaminated by construction works should not be fitted until the
construction works are completed.
9.1.2 As-installed drawings
Clear and concise as installed line drawings and site plan on a suitable scale shall be
provided for each installation. Standard symbols (see Appendix E) shall be used. These
drawings are to show the following where applicable (see also Figures E1 and E2).
(a) The location and interconnection of all equipment installed in accordance with this
Standard, inclusive of unique detector numbering.
(b) The location of intersystem termination points, such as Building and Energy
Management System (BEMS), AS 2220 and AS 1668.1 controls, fire control station
interface, primary power source circuit breaker and all other ancillary control
functions.
(c) Applicable portion of the alarm zone circuit designation together with a symbol
legend.
(d) System schematic wiring diagram.
(e) Sound pressure level and location of reading.
9.2 COMMISSIONING OF INSTALLATION
9.2.1 Commissioning tests
The following checks and tests shall be performed and recorded for new installations and
those parts of existing installations affected by modifications or additions. (see
Appendix F):
(a) Check that all detectors used in the system are
(i) listed in the operators manual;
(ii) compatible with the installed alarm zone facility, particularly that the permitted
number of detectors for each alarm zone is not exceeded;
(iii) installed in an environment for which they are suitable; and
(iv) not set to a sensitivity outside that prescribed in the relevant product Standard.
(b) Check that the primary power source for the system has been provided in accordance
with AS 3000, and that the isolating switch disconnects all active conductors.
(c) Check that the detector and the FIP locations are in accordance with appropriate
Clauses of this Standard.
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AS 1670.11995
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(d) Measure alarm zone circuit parameters specified in the manufacturers
installation/commissioning instruction and ensure each is within the equipment
specification.
Measure the insulation resistance of all installation wiring measured to earth in
accordance with AS 3000. Record the worst case resistance in the logbook.
NOTE: Where the connected equipment could be damaged by the insulation resistance test above,
other appropriate tests to ensure that the wiring is satisfactory should be applied.
(e) Open circuit and short circuit the end of line device on each alarm zone circuit, or
conduct other appropriate tests to ensure that fault and alarm conditions are operating
correctly on all alarm zone facilities and on other sections of the control and
indicating equipment.
(f) For wire-free alarm zone circuits, ensure that the actuating device parameters meet
the minimum parameters specified by the manufacturer, including that the receiver
responds to alarm, tamper, low standby power signals and gives a fault signal when
the supervisory signal condition is absent.
(g) Operate each alarm test, fault test, isolate and reset facility provided for each alarm
zone to determine their correct operation. Operate the primary power source switch
off and on at least five times to check that the system will not false alarm from
primary power source interruptions.
(h) Check the response of each installed detector or sampling point with an approved in-
situ tester, and ensure that each detector has operated in the correct range and the
alarm has indicated on the FIP and, if applicable, at the tested detector. The response
of the system shall not exceed 6 s from the time the detector operates until the master
alarm facility registers the alarm, or within the period specified for the particular CIE
or actuating device when an AVF is fitted. Check that fixed temperature only devices
and MCPs do not start the AVF function.
(i) Check operation of each manual call point and all other actuating devices. Check that
activation of MCPs on the same circuit as other actuating devices does not cause
existing alarm indications to be extinguished.
(j) For flame detectors, perform the following:
(i) Check that the number and type of detectors provide adequate protection of the
area.
(ii) Check that there are no blind spots in areas protected.
(iii) Check that the detectors are rigidly fixed.
(iv) Check that detectors are properly connected to compatible control and
indicating equipment.
(v) Check that detector lenses are clean and adequately protected from dust and
extraneous radiation sources where these are present.
(vi) Test the detector response to a flame source or simulated flame.
(k) For aspirated smoke detector systems, perform the following:
(i) Measure the response time of all sampling points using smoke, placed at each
sampling point.
(ii) Check the back-up power source capacity.
(iii) Check the operation of alarm settings and indicators.
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AS 1670.11995
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(iv) Check the operation of remote indication of alarm and fault signals.
(v) Check the operation of airflow failure indicators.
(vi) Check the operation of the system (signal) failure indicators.
(vii) Check the isolate/reset functions.
(viii) Check the fault and alarm test facilities.
(l) Check the operation of the alarm investigation facility (AIF), if fitted, and ensure that
the investigation time is appropriate to the installation and satisfactory to the
regulatory authority.
(m) Test each ancillary function by operating the alarm zone facility or facilities
associated with the ancillary function.
(n) Check that the master alarm facility (MAF) is able to receive the alarm signal by
operating each alarm zone facility. Check that the master alarm facility initiates a fire
alarm signal to the fire control station equipment.
(o) Check that both primary and secondary power sources are of a suitable type and
capacity complying with the requirements of Clause 8.2. Perform a float voltage
check according to the battery manufacturers recommendation to ensure that the
charger type and setting is correct for the type of battery.
(p) Check that all alarm zone facilities have been correctly labelled and that the alarm
zone is immediately apparent from the labelling.
(q) Check that as-installed drawings have been correctly marked up and that they are
consistent with the installation. Check that the operators manual is relevant to the
installation.
9.2.2 Test results
Record the results of the commissioning test (i.e. voltages and currents for the battery
charger, detector or sampling point operating times, and other equipment identification) in
the log and restore the system to its normal operating condition.
9.3 STATEMENT OF COMPLIANCE
A statement of compliance with this Standard (see Appendix G) and as-installed drawings
shall be provided at the conclusion of the installation.
9.4 CIE DOCUMENTATION
The following documentation shall be housed with the FIP (see Clause 8.4.7):
(a) Single line drawing(s), showing:
(i) The location and identification number of equipment installed in accordance
with this Standard (see Appendix E).
(ii) Access point to any protected concealed spaces.
(iii) Location of any building plant reset.
NOTE: The as-installed drawing as described in Clause 9.1.2 may be acceptable to the
regulatory authority as complying with the above.
(b) Installers statement and commissioning test report.
(c) The operators manual complying with AS 1603.4, suitably amended to reflect the
installation.
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(d) Software versions and site-specific configuration data.
(e) Subsequent additions, alterations and amendments to components and parameters of
the fire alarm system.
NOTES:
1 For the continuous reliability of the system, provision should be made for the regular
maintenance of the installation.
2 The arrangements for maintenance are to ensure that an adequate service facility is available
to provide service in the event of any fault developing at the installation.
3 It is recommended that the installation be maintained by the manufacturer, the manufacturers
representative or an organization trained in the maintenance of the installed equipment in
accordance with AS 1851.8.
4 The monitoring service and the building owner or agent should be notified when any portion
of a system is isolated for maintenance and likewise when this portion is returned to normal
operation.
9.5
Not applicable
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APPENDIX A
LIST OF REFERENCED AND RELATED DOCUMENTS
(Normative)
REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
AS
1159 Polyethylene pipes for pressure applications
1603 Automatic fire detection and alarm systems
1603.4 Part 4: Control and indicating equipment
1603.5 Part 5: Manual call points
1603.6 Part 6: Fire alarm bells
1603.8 Part 8: Multi-point aspirated smoke detectors
1668 The use of mechanical ventilation and airconditioning in buildings
1668.1 Part 1: Fire and smoke control
1670 Fire detection, warning, control and intercom systemsSystems design,
installation and commissioing
1670.3 Part 3: Monitoring network performance
1851 Maintenance of fire protection equipment
1851.8 Part 8: Automatic fire detection and alarm systems
2053 Non-metallic conduits and fittings
2118 Automatic fire sprinkler systems
2191 Lead-acid batteries of the lead-acid Plante positive plate type
2220 Emergency warning and intercommunication systems in buildings (Parts 1 and 2)
2362 Automatic fire detection and alarm systemsMethods of test for actuating
devices
2484 FireGlossary of terms
2484.2 Part 2: Fire protection and firefighting equipment
2659 Guide to the use of sound measuring equipment
2659.1 Part 1: Portable sound level meters
2706 Numerical valuesRounding and interpretation of limiting values
3000 Electrical installationsBuildings, structures and premises
3013 Electrical installationsWiring systems for specific applications
4029 Stationary batteriesLead-acid
4428 Fire detection, warning, control and intercom systemsControl and indicating
equipment
4428.1 Part 1: Fire
4428.6 Part 6: Alarm signalling equipment
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RELATED DOCUMENTS
Attention is drawn to the following related documents:
AS
1076 Code of practice for selection, installation and maintenance of electrical
apparatus and associated equipment for use in explosive atmospheres (other than
mining applications)
AS
1076.1 Part 1: Basic requirements
2659 Guide to the use of sound measuring equipment
2659.1 Part 1: Portable sound level meters
3116 Approval and test specificationElectric cablesElastomer insulatedFor
working voltages up to and including 0.6/1 kV
3147 Approval and test specificationElectric cablesThermoplastic insulatedFor
working voltages up to and including 0.6/1 kV
AUSTEL
TS 002 Analogue Interworking and Non-Interference Requirements for Customer
Equipment Connected to the Public Switched Telephone Network.
TS 006 General Requirements for Customer Equipment Connected to the Non-switched
Telephone Network.
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APPENDIX B
GUIDANCE FOR THE SELECTION OF DETECTORS
(Informative)
B1 INTRODUCTION
These recommendations should be applied with due regard to the attributes of each type of
detector and its prime function for life safety and property protection.
The fire detection and alarm system should operate before the escape routes become smoke-
logged to such an extent that occupants will have difficulty finding their way out of the
building. Hazardous locations may require special consideration.
Premises where people sleep require different criteria for the selection of the detection and
alarm system, to those premises where occupants are continuously supervising the area.
Smoke detectors would normally provide a suitable level of protection for occupants within
these areas.
B2 GENERAL NOTES ON DETECTORS
Fire detectors are designed to detect one or more of four characteristics of a fire, i.e. heat,
smoke, carbon monoxide (CO), or flame. No one type of detector is the most suitable for all
applications and the final choice will depend on individual circumstances. In some
premises, it may be useful to combine different types of detectors to achieve the best
results.
The likely fire behaviour of the contents of each part of the building, the processes taking
place and the design of the building should be considered. The susceptibility of the contents
to heat, smoke and water damage should also be considered.
Typical areas where special consideration should be given together with suggested
protection devices are:
(a) Sleeping areas smoke or CO
(b) Laundry/bathrooms heat type B or CO
(c) Kitchens heat or CO
(d) Kitchen exhaust duct heat type E
(e) Electrical risers smoke
(f) Autoclave/sterilizer areas heat type B or D or CO
(g) Roof spaces heat type C
(h) Concealed spaces heat type A
(i) Coldrooms/freezers heat type B
(j) Flammable liquid stores heat type A, smoke, flame
(k) Car parks heat type A
(l) Air ducts smoke
(m) Fume cupboards heat type E
(n) Vertical service shaft smoke or CO
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(o) Spray painting booths heat and flame
(p) Boiler room/furnace heat type D
(q) Stables heat or CO
(r) Stages, discotheques or rides
(where theatrical smoke is
used)
CO
(s) High ceilings smoke or CO
In any automatic fire detection system, the detector has to discriminate between a fire and
the normal conditions existing within the building. The system chosen should have
detectors that are suited to these conditions and provide the earliest reliable warning. Each
type of detector responds at a different rate to different kinds of fire. With a slowly
developing smouldering fire, a smoke detector would probably operate first. A fire that
rapidly evolves heat with very little smoke could operate a heat detector before a smoke
detector. With a flammable liquid fire, a flame detector could operate first.
In general, smoke detectors give appreciably faster responses than heat detectors, but care
must be taken in their selection and location.
Heat and smoke detectors are suitable for use in most buildings. Flame detectors are mainly
suitable for supplementing heat and smoke detectors in high compartments provided that an
unobstructed view is possible, and for special applications such as outdoor storage and
chemical processes employing flammable liquids.
The choice of fire detector may also be affected by the environmental conditions within the
premises. In general, heat detectors have a greater resistance to adverse environmental
conditions than other types have.
All fire detectors will respond to some extent to phenomena other than fire and therefore
careful choice of detectors and their location is essential.
B3 HEAT DETECTORS
B3.1 General
There are two main forms of heat-sensitive detector. One is the point type of detector
which is affected by the hot gas layer immediately adjacent to it. The other is the line type
of detector which is sensitive to the effect produced by heated gases along any portion of
the detector line.
There are two main types of heat-sensitive element in each form as follows:
(a) Rate-of-rise temperature elements which are designed to operate when their
temperature rises abnormally quickly.
(b) Fixed-temperature (static) elements which are designed to operate when they reach a
preselected temperature.
It must be appreciated that a rate-of-rise detector will respond to the presence of fire
conditions faster than a fixed-temperature type because of its ability to sense rapid
increases in temperature. Accordingly, the use of rate-of-rise detectors is preferred for
general protection of areas.
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Where a buildings environmental conditions are not conducive to the use of rate-of-rise
detectors due to normally occurring rapid temperature increases, consideration should be
given to the installation of fixed-temperature type detectors to reduce the incidence of
spurious alarms.
Where the ceiling height exceeds 9 m, heat detectors may not be suitable, and the location,
sensitivity and type of detector selected should be specially considered.
Heat detectors are not usually suitable for the protection of places where large losses could
be caused by small fires, e.g. computer rooms. Before final selection of a detector, an
estimate should be made of the likely extent of the damage caused before operation of the
heat detector.
B3.2 Application
Heat detectors should generally be selected as follows:
(a) Type A(White dot) Normal temperature duty, incorporating both fixed-temperature
and rate-of-rise actuation This type of detector is recommended for use in the
majority of moderate temperature applications below 45C where rapid temperature
increases are not normally experienced.
(b) Type B(Blue dot) Normal temperature duty, fixed-temperature actuation only This
type of detector is recommended where rapid temperature increases are normally
encountered and the maximum temperature does not normally exceed 45C.
(c) Type C(Green dot) High temperature duty incorporating both fixed-temperature
and rate-of-rise actuation This type of detector is recommended for use in high
temperature applications below 75C where rapid temperature increases are not
normally experienced.
(d) Type D(Red dot) High temperature duty, fixed-temperature actuation only This
type of detector is recommended where rapid temperature increases are normally
experienced and the maximum temperature does not normally exceed 75C.
(e) Type E(Yellow dot) Special purpose fixed temperature Type E detectors are
intended to provide protection in areas which cannot be satisfactorily protected by
Types A to D owing to some factor associated with the environment, such as
extremely high ambient temperatures, severe corrosion, and the like.
NOTE: Although Type A or Type C detectors are intended to protect the majority of areas,
special circumstances may prevent or interfere with their reliable operation. Such circumstances
may dictate the use of a Type B, Type D, or Type E detector manufactured to suit the special
environment.
B4 SMOKE DETECTORS
B4.1 General
There are two smoke-sensing principles commonly used for smoke detectors as follows:
(a) Ionization chamber type which operates on the change in current flowing through an
ionization chamber upon entry of smoke particles.
(b) Photoelectric type which operates on the scattering or absorption of light by smoke
particles in a light beam.
The sensitivity identification is in accordance with the requirements of AS 1603.2.
Duct sampling units draw air from a number of positions within the duct to a single-
point type smoke detector.
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Multipoint aspirated smoke detectors sample air from the protected area to a
common sensor via a pipe network. The sensor is designed for very high sensitivity
and responds to optically dense smoke and small particles. Holes drilled in the pipe
network sample air from specific locations as required. Computer aided design tools
are commonly used to determine correct hole size and sampling point sensitivity.
These systems are suitable for applications such as computer rooms where a very
high sensitivity is desirable. They are also suitable for large areas where smoke
detection is required at high and normal sensitivity levels; however, where a large
area is covered the precise location of the smoke sensed cannot be determined.
Optical beam type smoke detectors are effectively line detectors working on the obscuration
principle. Some beam detectors can also detect thermal turbulence by refraction of the beam
at turbulent interfaces between hot and cold air.
Ionization chamber smoke detectors respond quickly to smoke containing small particles
normally produced by clean-burning fires, but may respond slowly to optically dense smoke
containing large particles, which may be produced by smouldering materials.
Photoelectric smoke detectors respond quickly to smoke that is optically dense.
Both photoelectric and ionization detectors have sufficiently wide ranges of response to be
of general use.
B4.2 Application
B4.2.1 General
All types of smoke detectors depend for operation on combustion products entering the
sensing-chamber or light beam. When sufficient concentration is present, operation is
obtained. Since the detectors are usually mounted on the ceiling, response time depends
upon the nature of the fire. A hot fire will drive the combustion products up to the ceiling
rapidly. A smouldering fire produces little heat, therefore the time for smoke to reach the
detector will be increased.
The optical beam-type smoke detector will respond when the light path at the receiver is
interrupted or obscured. It is important therefore that the light path be kept clear of
obstacles at all times.
Smoke detectors other than those incorporating thermal turbulence detectors do not detect
fumes from burning alcohol and other clean-burning liquids which do not produce smoke
particles. This is not a serious disadvantage because a fire will normally involve other
combustible materials at an early stage. Combined photoelectric beam smoke detectors and
thermal turbulence detectors may be suitable for such risks, but heat or flame detectors
should also be considered.
Smoke detectors incorporating thermal turbulence detectors may be unsuitable for
installation immediately above ceiling-mounted blower heaters or industrial processes that
produce appreciable heat.
Where there are production or other processes producing smoke or fumes that may operate
smoke detectors, an alternative type of detector should be considered.
Aspirating-type systems are more effective in detecting smoke than point-type detectors in
many applications. The sensitivity of the actual sampling points is dependent on the
sensing chamber sensitivity and the design of the aspirating pipe network.
Physical or electronic filtration of the air drawn through the sensing chamber and
processing of the output signals has been shown to reduce spurious alarms caused by
pollution, smoking and dust particles.
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B4.2.2
Not Applicable
B4.2.3 Ceiling surfaces
As mentioned in Paragraph B4.2.2, the ceiling surface is one of the factors that shall be
considered before the locations of smoke detectors are established.
Some typical ceiling surfaces where the use of smoke detectors should be evaluated are as
follows:
(a) Smooth ceilings Heated air and smoke usually rise. When they reach smooth
ceilings, they travel along the ceiling. As these products flow along the ceiling, their
concentration decreases as the distance from the source increases.
(b) Other ceilings Where deep beams or other obstructions form pockets in the ceiling,
the products collect in the pocket and, if sufficient products are being generated, will
eventually spill over into adjacent pockets.
Sawtooth, sloping, open joist, beam construction, or other shaped ceilings must
receive special consideration as smoke usually travels in a longitudinal direction at
the highest point.
(c) High ceilings As smoke rises from a fire, it tends to spread out on its way up in the
general form of an inverted cone. Therefore the concentration within the cone varies
approximately inversely as the square of the distance from the source.
In high ceilings, such as high rack storage warehouses, it may be necessary to install
detectors at more than one level to take advantage of the higher concentrations near
the floor to provide faster response.
For atria type constructions, smoke beams at several levels may be necessary
because of stratification (see Paragraph B4.2.4). Natural or forced ventilation assists
the smoke reaching detectors at high ceiling levels (see also Paragraph B4.2.5).
B4.2.4 Stratification
As mentioned in Paragraph B4.2.3, smoke is driven upward by the heat from the fire source.
Smoke released from slow burning or small fires may not be hot enough to penetrate the
normally heated air which collects at the ceiling. This is especially true in warehouses with
metal roofs. During the day the air under the roof is heated by the sun, and a thermal barrier
exists which prevents warm combustion products from reaching the ceiling. The smoke will
then stratify at a level beneath the ceiling. Generally at night this condition will not exist.
Proper protection may require detectors at two levels; one group at the ceiling level and
another some distance below the ceiling.
B4.2.5 Airflow
Smoke can be diluted by airflow caused by updraughts, open windows, forced ventilating
systems, or air-conditioning systems.
It may be necessary to conduct air circulation observation tests in a room to ensure proper
placement of detectors.
For air-conditioned facilities and others where forced ventilation is present, it is good
practice to take advantage of air currents to transport smoke to a detector. However, in such
situations, smoke dilution and high airflow may cause the detector to respond slowly.
The effects of airflow on the detector and the movement of smoke where detectors are
installed near air ducts and in air-conditioned rooms may in some cases require
repositioning of the detector.
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B4.2.6 Ducts
Smoke detectors used for sensing smoke in air-handling ducts should be installed where the
best sample of smoke can be obtained. Air-sampling probes are necessary to achieve
adequate response. Installation of air-sampling probes should be in accordance with the
manufacturers recommendations and tests should be conducted to ensure satisfactory
sampling of the ducted air.
B4.2.7 Special considerations
The location of smoke detectors should take into consideration areas where false operation
or non-operation is likely.
Some typical locations where the use of smoke detectors should be carefully evaluated are
as follows:
(a) In the vicinity of certain materials, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), which when
smouldering produce mainly large particles to which optical detectors are more
responsive.
(b) Areas where gases may be present from exhausts and normal manufacturing
processes.
(c) Kitchens and other areas subject to cooking fumes. Photoelectric detectors are more
suitable for these areas.
(d) Near openings, such as doors, windows, or other inlets, where the introduction of
outside industrial gases or products of combustion may be possible.
(e) Areas where the detector is subject to movement and excessive vibration, in particular
where beam detectors are used.
(f) Dusty areas or in areas where particulate matter, such as aerosols, could enter the
detector.
(g) In areas subject to high velocity air currents, a sampling type detection system may be
more suitable.
(h) In areas where high concentrations of tobacco smoke are expected, ionization
detectors are less susceptible to false operation.
(i) In areas where steam or condensation vapour is expected, ionization detectors are less
susceptible to false operation.
B5 FLAME DETECTORS
B5.1 Flame characteristics
Flames from most fire sources emit electromagnetic radiation which includes ultraviolet
light, visible light, and infra-red radiation in various intensities characteristic of each
particular source. Flames from sources such as petrol and oil tend to generate greater
quantities of infra-red radiation, whereas gas flames and solvents such as methylated spirits
have a much higher ultraviolet component. Other sources, particularly sunlight and building
lighting, generate radiation in the same parts of the spectrum and therefore flame detectors
must be selected to discriminate flame from other radiation sources.
B5.2 Detector characteristics
Flame detectors are sensitive to radiation that travels from the fire to the detector in
negligible time irrespective of distance. They may be of the ultraviolet type or infra-red
type and respond when the radiant energy in their respective sensing bands exceeds a preset
threshold. A clear line of sight to the protected area is desirable, although reflected
radiation, e.g. by mirrors, may actuate a detector with reduced sensitivity.
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The distance from the seat of the fire to the detectors influences radiation intensity. The
intensity of the radiation striking the detector falls by the square of the distance from the
seat of the fire. This means that if this distance is doubled, the intensity of the fire must be
four times greater in order to activate an alarm.
In order to discriminate flames from other sources, many infra-red flame detectors operate
on the flicker principle, i.e. they have a filter which only allows them to respond to
radiation pulsing around a central frequency of 5 Hz to 15 Hz which is characteristic of
many types of flames. Ultraviolet flame detectors mostly discriminate flames from sunlight
by sensing only radiation at wavelengths between 220 nm and 270 nm which is outside the
solar spectrum.
B5.3 Selection
Flame detectors should be chosen for applications where there is the likelihood of rapid
flame development, to overcome the delay of combustion products or heat reaching smoke
detectors or heat detectors.
The choice of infra-red detectors or ultraviolet detectors or some combination will depend
on the typical radiation from the expected fire hazard and the presence of false alarm
sources in the vicinity. For example, in aircraft maintenance hangars where aviation
kerosene is a strong infra-red source and welding is a potential ultraviolet false alarm
source, infra-red detectors would be appropriate. Alternatively, for a store containing
solvents which burn cleanly, with a low infra-red radiation component, and which is lit by
incandescent lamps (good infra-red source), ultraviolet detectors should be selected. The
environment in which the detector is to be installed would also influence the choice, e.g.
contamination of lenses.
Other typical applications of flame detectors are storage tanks and pipework containing
flammable liquids, chemical processes, and large open warehouses.
B5.4 Field of view considerations
Flame detectors are essentially line of sight devices which can sense the presence of
flames in a set field of view. This field is generally described (see Figure B1) by the cone
of vision angle and the maximum sensitivity distance, although other considerations are
important.
Where a flame detector is placed at a fixed height above the floor, then a protected area
within which a particular fire size may be detected, may be determined from the
manufacturers data (see Figure B2).
Figure B3 shows a typical layout of four flame detectors which provide multiple coverage
protecting an aircraft hangar.
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AS 1670.11995
62
FIGURE B1 TYPICAL POLAR DIAGRAM OF A FLAME DETECTOR
FIGURE B2 TYPICAL FLOOR AREA PROTECTED BY ONE FLAME DETECTOR
FIGURE B3 MULTIPLE COVERAGE PROVIDED BY FOUR FLAME DETECTORS
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AS 1670.11995
63
B5.5 Spurious alarms
There are a number of sources of radiation which occur in installations for which some
measures of protection must be taken to prevent spurious alarms.
For ultraviolet flame detectors, potential sources of spurious alarms include the following:
(a) Lightning, electric arcs.
(b) Cutting and welding operations.
(c) Sunlight.
Where ultraviolet detectors must be used in these environments, appropriate shielding may
be required to prevent the non-flame ultraviolet radiation falling on the detector.
For infra-red flame detectors, potential sources of spurious alarm include the following:
(i) Very hot objects.
(ii) Ovens/furnaces.
(iii) Sunlight.
(iv) Incandescent lamps.
Most infrared detectors use the flicker principle to guard against these sources, but, if
rotation of a fan or motor or rippling on a liquid surface causes radiation from the source to
flicker at the same frequency as the flame, a spurious alarm may occur.
Some flame detectors are fitted with a time delay to eliminate the effects of short-term
transient signals. However, where detectors are used to actuate extinguishing or high speed
suppression systems, these time delays should be eliminated or reduced considerably. An
alternative is to use dual sensor operation whereby both sensors must detect the presence of
flames before the suppression system is activated.
B6 CO FIRE DETECTORS
B6.1 General
For the purpose of this Appendix, the guidance and applications given apply to CO fire
detectors complying with the requirements of AS 1603.2.
The CO fire detectors sensor may have a limited service life because, as the sensor ages, it
becomes less sensitive. Hence, detectors are required to be maintained strictly in
accordance with AS 1851 and any additional requirements of the manufacturer.
B6.2 Application
B6.2.1 General
CO fire detectors are suitable for a broad range of fire detection applications. These
detectors may be better suited to applications where certain other smoke detection
techniques are prone to false alarms; e.g. dust, steam and cooking vapours.
CO detectors react promptly to slow smouldering fires involving carbonaceous materials.
Carbon monoxide does not solely depend on convection but also moves by diffusion.
Carbon monoxide may not be suitable for fires involving:
(a) Clean burning liquids.
(b) PVC insulated cables.
(c) Combustible metals.
A4
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AS 1670.11995
64
(d) Certain self-oxidizing chemicals.
(e) Non-carbonaceous fuels.
B6.2.2 Location considerations
CO detectors should not be used for some types of life protection applications, such as on
escape routes, where smoke detectors are used to trigger an alarm during a fire before
smoke levels on the escape routes make them unusable. In some circumstances, CO fire
detectors may be slower to respond. A combination of the two detection types may provide
some advantage depending upon the findings of the risk assessment.
B6.2.3 Airflow
Air movement does not significantly affect the CO fire detectors response. Whilst CO gas
has greater mobility than smoke, it can be diluted by forced ventilation systems and, hence,
the same considerations as for smoke detectors should be taken into account.
Recirculating systems confined to a single room have little effect on dilution, as this is
similar to the natural diffusion of the CO gas.
B6.2.4 Ducts
CO fire detectors are not considered suitable for use with duct sampling units.
B6.2.5 Special considerations
Installations that include CO detectors require labelling at the FIP/SIP (see Clause 8.4.7).
The location of CO fire detectors should take into account areas where false operation or
non-operation is likely. Some typical locations where the use of CO fire detectors should be
carefully evaluated are as follows:
(a) Areas where CO may be present from exhausts and normal manufacturing processes.
Examples include car parks, car park return air plenums, loading docks.
(b) Generally, cigarette smoke will not have sufficient CO present to cause alarms even
though smoke may be clearly visible. In heavy smoking and incense burning areas,
the CO level should be measured before installing CO fire detectors.
(c) Where the environment has a high level of film-forming mists, such as silicone
sprays, which may block the diffusion barrier.
A4
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AS 1670.11995
65
APPENDIX C
WIRING SYSTEMS RATING
(Normative)
C1 PROTECTION AGAINST EXPOSURE TO FIRE
All wiring systems required to have a protection against exposure to fire shall have a rating
of not less than 120 min. This rating is represented as WS5X.
C2 PROTECTION AGAINST MECHANICAL DAMAGE
Protection against mechanical damage shall be provided as listed below. The areas
indicated should not be considered as a rigid list to be adhered to with no deviations, rather
they should be considered as a guide to the types of areas and causes of damage to be
encountered. Details of ways to achieve the grade of protection can be found in AS 3013.
WS5X Areas where physical damage is considered to be unlikely. Examples of
these areas are
(a) masonry riser shafts with strictly limited access;
(b) non-trafficable ceiling void areas;
(c) inaccessible underfloor areas;
(d) underground installation in accordance with AS 3000; and
(e) internal domestic and office situations where cabling is mounted on
walls at heights above 1.5 m.
WS51 Areas where physical damage by light impact is considered possible.
Examples of these areas are
(a) internal domestic or office situations where cable is mounted on
walls at heights below 1.5 m; and
(b) trafficable ceiling void areas where access to building services for
maintenance purposes is required.
WS52 Areas where physical damage by impact from manually-propelled vehicle
is possible. Examples of these areas are
(a) passageways and storerooms in domestic, office and commercial
locations where hand trucks and barrows may be used, and cables
are mounted at a height of less than 1.5 m;
(b) plant rooms where only minor equipment is installed; and
(c) workshops where repair and maintenance, on small equipment and
furniture or the like, is carried out, and cables are mounted at a
height of less than 2.0 m.
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AS 1670.11995
66
WS53 Areas where physical damage by impact from light vehicles is possible.
Examples of these areas are
(a) car parks and driveways where cars and other light vehicles are
present and cables are mounted at a height of less than 2.0 m;
(b) storage areas where manually-operated devices such as pallet trucks
may be operated and cables are mounted at a height of less than
2.5 m.
WS54 Areas where physical impact from vehicles with rigid frames or rigid
objects, the weight of which does not exceed 2.0 t, is possible. Examples
of these areas are
(a) small delivery docks where the cabling is mounted below a height
of 3.0 m;
(b) warehouses with pallet storage up to 3.0 m and use of forklift
trucks; and
(c) heavy vehicle workshops.
WS55 Areas were physical damage from impact by laden vehicles or objects the
laden weight of which exceeds 2.0 t. Examples of these areas are
(a) loading and delivery docks;
(b) fabrication and maintenance areas for medium to heavy
engineering; and
(c) large high pile storage warehouses with forklift trucks.
Where any WS cabling traverses areas of various protection requirement, and it is neither
viable nor practicable to change the degree of protection at the transition points, the
installed cabling shall comply with the highest requirement of protection.
C3 PROTECTION AGAINST HOSING WITH WATER
Where the wiring system is required to maintain its integrity after exposure to fire and
subsequent hosing with water, it shall have the suffix W appended to its rating,
i.e. WS5XW.
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AS 1670.11995
67
APPENDIX D
EXAMPLES OF POWER SOURCE CAPACITY CALCULATIONS
(Informative)
D1 BATTERY CAPACITY CALCULATIONS
(a) I
Q
calculation:
Item Unit I in mA Quantity Total mA
CIE (base)
AZF
ACF
200.0
20.0
20.0
1
6
2
200.0
120.0
40.0
Detector:
Hard contact heat
Ionization smoke
Photoelectric smoke
IR flame
UV flame
Beam
0.0
0.01
0.1
0.25
2.0
180.0
60
50
40
6
2
4
0.0
0.5
4.0
1.5
4.0
720.0
Ancillary loads
(normally energized)
Aircon relays
Electric locks
20.0
100.0
2
4
40.0
400.0
Total I
Q
(mA) 1530.0 1.53A
NOTE: 1 Ampere (A) = 1000 milliamperes (mA)
(b) I
A
calculation:
All following alarm currents are the values in addition to any quiescent value.
Item Unit I in mA Quantity Total mA
Total I
Q
Sounders (bells)
AZFs
Evac interface relay
Fire control stn interface
ACFs
Warning signs
80.0
100.0
20.0
20.0
300.0
500.0
1
2
2
1
2
2
1530.0
80.0
200.0
40.0
20.0
600.0
1000.0
3470.0 3.47A
Less loads that de-energize on alarm
Aircon relays 20.0 2 40
Electric locks 100.0 4 400.0
440.0
Total alarm load IA (mA) 3030.0 3.03A
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AS 1670.11995
68
Required battery capacity at end of battery life = (I
Q
24) + (I
A
0.5)
= (1.53 24) + (3.03 0.5)
= 36.72 + 1.52
= 38.42 Ah
Therefore required new battery capacity = 38.24 1.25
= 47.8 Ah
Rounded up to nearest available battery = 50.0 Ah
D2 PRIMARY POWER SOURCE CALCULATIONS
(a) Battery charger current calculation:
Battery charger requirement = Battery charged for 24 h to
(see Clause 8.2.3(c)) provide 5 I
Q
+ 0.5I
A
Ah requirement = (5 I
Q
) + (0.5 I
A
)
= (5 1.53) + (0.5 3.03)
= 7.65 + 1.515
= 9.17 Ah
Battery charging current required =
e 24
9.17
= 0.48 A
(e is battery efficiency, say 0.8 for this example)
(b) Power supply requirement:
Choose the greater of
(i) I
A
+ non-battery-backed ancillary alarm loads
Item Unit I in mA Quantity Total A
I
A
3.03
Non-battery-backed ancillary
alarm loads:
Door holders 50.0 4 0.2
3.23A
OR
(ii) I
Q
+ non-battery-backed quiescent loads
Item Unit I in mA Quantity Total A
I
Q
1.53
Non-battery-backed quiescent loads:
Door holders 50.0 6 0.3
1.83A
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AS 1670.11995
69
Therefore the required power supply rating = 3.23A
Where the power supply is also used as the charger, the battery charger requirement must be
added to the minimum power supply requirement to obtain the minimum power supply
rating.
If the power supply is used as the battery charger the rating is:
= I
A
+ battery charger current requirement
= 3.23A + 0.48A
= 3.71A
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AS 1670.11995
70
APPENDIX E
FIRE ALARM SYMBOLS
(Normative)
The following symbols are commonly used to indicate on drawings the various items of
equipment:
Heat detector (exposed or surface
mounted)
Fire indicator panel
Heat detector in concealed
spaces
Repeater panel
Heat detector within air duct Mimic panel
Line detector Subindicator panel
Smoke detector (exposed or
surface mounted)
Remote control
equipment
Smoke detector in concealed
spaces
Addressable device
Smoke detector within air duct Manual call point
Smoke detector with sampling
device
Storage batteries
Remote visual indicator Fire alarm bell
Smoke detector (beam type
transmitter)
Electromagnetic door
holder
Smoke detector (beam type
receiver)
Pressure switch
Flame detector Flow switch
End of line device Smoke sampling system
( = sampling point)
Smoke alarm Alarm zone designation
Heat alarm Device address
Circuit wiring

Sounder
Loudspeaker
* If other than Type A, note B, C, D, or E.
Type of smoke detector, e.g. I = ionization, P = photoelectric, CO = carbon monoxide.
Substitute zone number as appropriate.
Type of flame detector, e.g. IR = infrared, UV = ultraviolet.
A1
A1, A4
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AS 1670.11995
71
FIGURE E1 TYPICAL SINGLE LINE DRAWING
FIGURE E2 TYPICAL ADDRESSABLE SINGLE LINE DRAWING
A1
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AS 1670.11995
72
APPENDIX F
COMMISSIONING TEST REPORT
(Normative)
THE AUTOMATIC FIRE DETECTION AND ALARM SYSTEM
INSTALLED AT:
(Premises) ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
______________________________ Postcode __________________
Owner or Owners Authorized Agent:
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________ Postcode __________________
* NEW
* MODIFICATION TO SYSTEM
* ADDITION TO
(* Cross out those not applicable)
Date of commissioning tests _______________________________________________
Name and address of commissioning company, company stamp, or company name
in BLOCK LETTERS
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________ Postcode _________________
Commissioning person. Name (print) __________________________________
Signature: ____________________________________
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AS 1670.11995
73
N
O
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A
P
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N
O
INSTRUCTIONS:
This form is to be used in conjunction with
(a) operator's manual;
(b) installer's statement(s);
(c) 'as-installed' drawings; and
(d) detector test records,
to provide a complete description of the installed system and its tested performance at
the time of its commissioning into service.
SYSTEM INFORMATION
Tick relevant box
(a) Ensure that all detectors used in the system are
(i) listed in the operator's manual;
(ii) compatible with the installed AZF, particularly ensuring that the
permitted number of detectors on each circuit is not exceeded;
and
(iii) installed in an environment for which they are suitable.
(b) Check that the primary power source for the system has been
provided in accordance with AS 3000, and that the isolating switch
disconnects at active conductors.
(c) Check that the detector and the FIP locations are in accordance with
the appropriate clauses of this Standard, AS 1670.
(d) Alarm zone circuit:
(i) Measure each alarm zone circuit voltage, and ensure each is
within the equipment manufacturer's specifications.
(ii) Insulation resistance of all installation wiring measured in
accordance with AS 3000 or similar approved method and
record the worst case result in the logbook.
(e) Open circuit and short circuit 'the end of line device' on each alarm
zone circuit, or conduct other appropriate tests to ensure that fault
and alarm conditions are operating correctly on all alarm zone
facilities on other sections of the control and indicating equipment.
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AS 1670.11995
74
N
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(f) FIP test to be carried out as follows:
(i) Operate each alarm test, fault test, isolate and reset facility
provided for each alarm zone facility to determine correct
operation.
(ii) Operate the primary power source switch on and off at least
five times to check the system will not cause a false alarm from
primary power source interruptions.
(g) Detector testing to be carried out as follows:
Test each installed detector or sampling point with an approved
in-situ tester, and ensure that each detector has operated in the
correct range, and the alarm has indicated on the control and
indicating equipment and, if applicable, at the detector tested.
(ii) Confirm that response of the system does not exceed 6 s from
the time the detector operates until the master alarm facility
registers the alarm (while in normal mode) on each zone, or
32 s when AVF is fitted.
(iii) Record tests on detector test record as required by AS 1851.8
and attach to the report.
(h) Check the operation of each manual call point and all other actuating
devices.
(i) For flame detectors, perform the following:
(i) Check that the number and type of detectors provide adequate
protection of the area.
(ii) Check that there are no 'blind' spots in areas protected.
(iii) Check that detectors are rigidly fixed.
(iv) Check that detectors are properly connected to compatible
control and indicating equipment.
(v) Check that detector lenses are clean and adequately protected
from dust and extraneous radiation sources where these are
present.
(vi) Test the detection response to a flame source or simulated
flame.
(j) For smoke detection sampling systems, perform the following:
(i) Measure the response time of all sampling points using smoke
placed at each sampling point.
(ii) Check the back-up power supply capacity.
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AS 1670.11995
75
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(iii) Check the operation of alarm settings and indicators.
(iv) Check the operation of remote indication of alarm and fault
signals.
(v) Check the operation of airflow failure indicators.
(vi) Check the operation of the system (signal) failure indicators.
(vii) Check the isolate/reset functions.
(viii) Check the fault and alarm test facilities.
(k) Test each ancillary function by operating the alarm zone facility(ies),
associated with the ancillary function.
(l) Alarm signalling:
(i) Check that the master alarm facility is able to receive the alarm
signal by operating each alarm zone facility.
(ii) Check that the master alarm facility initiates an alarm to the fire
control station equipment.
(m) Battery supply:
(i) Check that both the primary and secondary power sources are
of a suitable type and capacity complying with the requirements
of Clause 8.2.
(ii) Perform a float voltage check according to the battery
manufacturer's recommendation to ensure that the charger type
and setting is correct.
Type of battery connected..........................................................
Float voltage/ required...............................................................
Charger type .............................................................................
Charger set at ...........................................................................
(n) Check that all alarm zone facilities have been correctly labelled and
that the alarm zone is immediately apparent from the labelling.
(o) Check that 'as-installed' drawings have been correctly marked up and
that they are consistent with the installation. Check that the operator's
manual is relevant to the installation.
(p) Ensure that the results of the commissioning tests are recorded in the
system logbook.
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AS 1670.11995
76
APPENDIX G
STANDARD FORM OF STATEMENT OF COMPLIANCE FOR FIRE ALARM
SYSTEMS
(Normative)
1 Name of building ........................................................................................................
2 Situated at .................................................................................................................
3 I/We have installed in the above building
an alteration to the system of ..................................................................
a system of (Brand Name)
4 System connected to the ...........................................................................................
monitoring service provider by a permanent , non-permanent connection
5 Date of connection ....................................................................................................
6 Describe any ancillary equipment installed and connected to the control and
indicating equipment .................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
7 Current drain of ancillary loads powered from the CIE power supply
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
8 Primary power source voltage ....................................................................................
9 Battery type and capacity ........................................................................................
10 Is maintenance agreement held for the system? ........................................................
11 Has operator's handbook been supplied? ..................................................................
12 Has logbook been supplied? ......................................................................................
13 Have 'as-installed' drawings been supplied? .............................................................
14 Portion of building not protected by this system ........................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
A1
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AS 1670.11995
77
15 I/We hereby certify that the installation has been thoroughly tested from each
actuating device and that a test of the transmission of the alarm signal to the
monitoring service provider has been satisfactorily carried out. I/We further certify
that the whole system and all components called up in Clause 1.3 in connection
therewith are installed entirely in accordance with the current requirements of
AS 1670.1, except with regard to the following details which have already been
approved*.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
Dated ......................................................... (Signature) ..............................................
Installing Company .........................................................................................................
Zone of
protection
Number and type of actuating devices
Thermal Smoke Flame
Alarm
zone
Number
of
actuating
devices
per zone
A B C D E Ionization
Photo-
electrical
IR UV
Manual
call
point
Other
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Total
Number
* If no exception strike out the words underlined.
Indicate with a number in brackets the number of actuating devices in concealed spaces.
Add addressable loop number in brackets where applicable.
A1
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Standards Australia
Standards Australia is an independent company, limited by guarantee, which prepares and publishes
most of the voluntary technical and commercial standards used in Australia. These standards are
developed through an open process of consultation and consensus, in which all interested parties are
invited to participate. Through a Memorandum of Understanding with the Commonwealth government,
Standards Australia is recognized as Australias peak national standards body.
Australian Standards
Australian Standards are prepared by committees of experts from industry, governments, consumers
and other relevant sectors. The requirements or recommendations contained in published Standards are
a consensus of the views of representative interests and also take account of comments received from
other sources. They reflect the latest scientific and industry experience. Australian Standards are kept
under continuous review after publication and are updated regularly to take account of changing
technology.
International Involvement
Standards Australia is responsible for ensuring that the Australian viewpoint is considered in the
formulation of international Standards and that the latest international experience is incorporated in
national Standards. This role is vital in assisting local industry to compete in international markets.
Standards Australia represents Australia at both ISO (The International Organization
for Standardization) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).
Electronic Standards
All Australian Standards are available in electronic editions, either downloaded individually from our Web
site, or via on-line and CD ROM subscription services. For more information phone 1300 65 46 46 or
visit us at
www.standards.com.au
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GPO Box 5420 Sydney NSW 2001
Administration Phone (02) 8206 6000 Fax (02) 8206 6001 Email mail@standards.com.au
Customer Service Phone 1300 65 46 46 Fax 1300 65 49 49 Email sales@standards.com.au
Internet www.standards.com.au
ISBN 0 7262 9754 2 Printed in Australia
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As 1670.1-1995 Fire Detection, Warning, Control and Intercom Sys Design, Inst & Commission