Prepared by:

Cesar G. Manalo, Jr.

DVD means Digital Versatile Disc.
Replaced the standard CD-R drive because of
its very large capacity and speed and has
become the main choice of consumers.
A DVD disc has the same dimensions as the
CD-ROM disc but can hold much more data.
DVD is a high density optical disc that can
store data up to 28 times the capacity of a
standard CD-ROM.
DVD disc can hold up to 4.7 Gigabytes (GB).
A gigabyte is equal to 1 billion bytes.

Composition is almost
the same as a CD.
It uses the pits and
lands technology in
reading from a disc.
Pits and lands are
stamped with
polycarbonate base and
manufactured the same
way as a CD.
DVD 5
A single sided, single layer DVD that has a capacity
of 4.7 GB and can hold 2 hours of video.
The disc is made from 2 substrates bonded together
with adhesive. One substrate is blank while the
other is stamped with a record layer. The recording
layer is coated with aluminum.
DVD 9
A single sided, single layer DVD that has a capacity
of 8.5 GB and can hold 4 hours of video.
The disc has 2 layers made from 2 stamped
substrates bonded together on one side of the disc.
The first (outer) layer has a semi-transparent gold
coating. With this coating, the laser will reflect once
it is focused on the first layer and pass through it if
the laser is focused on the layer below.
DVD 10
A double sided, single layer DVD that has a capacity
of 9.45 GB and can hold 4.5 hours of video.
The disc has 2 pieces of stamped substrates bonded
together back to back. The record layer is coated
with aluminum and in order to read both side of the
disc, the disc is flipped over.
DVD 18
A double sided, double layer DVD that has a
capacity of 17.1 GB and can hold 8 hours of video.
The disc combines double-sided, double layer
technology of the previous DVD.
DVD-18
A DVD drive has a base speed of 1.385 Mbps,
which means it s is 9 times faster than a CD-
ROM drive.
Although the transfer rate speed of DVD is
much higher than a CD drive, the speed of te
DVD disc rotation is only 2.7 times faster
than that of a CD.
The rotation speed of DVD drive 1,515 rpm
(revolutions per minute) while a CD is 540
rpm.
DVD drives are fully backward compatible, it
can play both CD and audio CD.
The speed of the CD in a DVD drive is 40
times faster than a CD drive. User might
consider getting a DVD drive than upgrading
to a faster CD drive.
Several disc manufacturers are seriously
considering to phase-out CD-ROM technology
in favor with DVD technology.
1. DVD-ROM
DVD drive is used to playback DVD for PC and
laptops.
DVD uses the same optical technology as CD in
reading and storing data but with higher disc
density. The disk combines double-sided,
double layer technology.
2. DVD-RAM
DVD-RAM is a rewritable DVD technology
developed by Panasonic, Hitachi, and Toshiba
in 1998.


With its rewritable capability, it is suited for
large data backup, multimedia presentation
and archiving or records.
It has a capacity of 2.6 (single-sided) GB and
5.2 (double-sided) GB in a single disc.
The disc has two sizes: 80 mm and 120 mm.


3. DVD-R (DVD Recordable)
DVD-R is a write once DVD technology. Once a
data is written (burned) on the disc, it is stored
permanently.
Developed by Pioneer and was released in the
market in 1997.
Can run on a standard DVD drive.
Has two types of format:
DVD-RA (Authoring) used to create a master copy
for a DVD that will be used as commercial DVD.
DVD-RG (General) used for small scale distribution
and is appropriate only for creating a few copies of
disc.


4. DVD-RW (DVD Rewritable)
Allows user to perform record and erase
process multiple times on a single DVD.
It has a capacity of 3.95 GB and is also
supported by the DVD Forum file standard.
Data can be re-written up to 1000 times


5. DVD+R
Is a write once technology for DVD. Has a
capacity of 3.95 GB (single-sided) and 7.9 GB
(double sided), but uses a different file format
compared to DVD-R.
Allows multiple layers structure in a single disc.
Much faster than that of the DVD-R and cost
more.
DVD+R is not compatible with DVD-R drive and
vice versa

6. DVD+/-R
Is the latest DVD technology being released and is
compatible with both DVD-R and DVD+R
technology
The disc can only record data once with a
maximum capacity of 4.3 GB. The disc also adopts
the double layer technology which increases its
capacity.
Its a type of drive that combines the
capabilities of a CD-R, CD-RW, CD-ROM and
capable of reading data on a DVD
Its is a DVD drive capable of reading and
recording data on a CD. The drive has a
multiple speed that varies depending on the
task and type of media it is recording or
reading.
A disc developed by Samsung, Sharp, Sony,
Thomson, Hitachi, Matsushita, Pioneer,
Mitsubishi, LG Electronics and Philips.
Known as a high density DVD because it is
capable of storing 27 GB of data on a single
layer and 50 GB for dual layer disc.
Has a data transfer rate of 36 Mbps and can
hold 12 hours of video or 2 hours of high
definition video.
Uses a blue-violet laser with a wavelength of
405nm, while an ordinary DVD uses a red
laser that has a wavelength of 650 nm.
1. IDE (Integrated Drive Electronic) Interface
It is the most common CD/DVD drive interface
available and more often used on IBM PC and
clones.
Usually when a CD/DVD is connected to the IDE
controller it is assigned as a slave and the
master is the hard disk drive in the PC.
It has a 40 pin connector and is also known as
ATA (AT Attachment)
IDE (Integrated Drive Electronic) Interface
2. Parallel Interface
Generally used for external CD drive. The data
transfer rate is very slow compared to other
interfacing methods.
3. PCMCIA (Personal Computer Memory Card
International Association) Card
Also known as the PC Card.
Used for external CD/DVD drive interface for
laptops and notebook computers.
Portable and provides a faster data access
compared to a parallel port.
PCMCIA Card
External CD/DVD drive
This gets inserted to PCMCIA slot of a laptop or notebook computer
4. SATA (Serial ATA)
Considered the next generation of drive
interface.
Much faster compared to other interface type
More reliable due to tighter data integrity
check.
Has a thinner cable that lets the air circulation
inside the PC move freely
SATA (Serial ATA)
5. SCSI (Small Computer System Interface)
A type of interface that requires a host
adapter card to be attached to the PCs
expansion slot.
PC Expansion slots
SCSI Adapter Card
This inserts to the PC
Expansion slot
This is connected to
the CD/DVD drive via
a SCSI cable
1. Clean disc before loading into the CD/DVD
drive. Clean the bottom surface of the disc
using a soft cotton cloth.
2. Protect both sides of the disc from scratch.
3. Clean the DC drive. Use a can of
compressed air to blow off dust/dirt.
4. Clean the body of the optical drive by
opening the PC.
Optical drive did not work after installing it
Check the drive cables (data and power) if
properly installed/connected to the
motherboards on-board IDE connectors.
Check from the BIOS setting if the drive is
detected. If not detected, the drive could be
defective.
Check from the Device Manager if there is a
device conflict.
Disc drive did not open
The drive may have no power.
The tray may be stuck.

The computer does not boot up after
installing the optical drive.
Check the drive cables. Make sure that pin 1 of
the IDE connector and drive is lined up with the
red edge of the data cable.
Check the drive jumper settings to make sure
that there is only on Master and Slave setting on
each IDE connectors.
Failure reading optical disc
Clean the optical drive lens using soft cloth or
buy cleaning kit.
Check the disc if there are scratches on it.

Make sure that the drive is properly configured in
the system Manager
Use a different CD (make sure its working) to
isolate the problem.
Restart the computer.
Cannot read or access CD-R or CD-RW on
CD/DVD-ROM drive.
Check drives compatibility. Old CD-ROM drive
model cannot read CD-R and CD-RW.
Old DVD drive models are not compatible with
CD-R and CD-RW.