Rgmo Operation Procedure

JULY-2013 REV 0
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Page No
1. General:01
2. Network Security and System Operation.:05
3. Demand Monitoring & Control Procedure..:16
4. Outage Planning.:20
5. Defence Mechanisms .................:24
6. Collective Transaction Procedures...:27
7. Scheduling & Despatch Procedures..:30
8. Grid Disturbances & Revival Procedure..:34
9. Event Information & Reporting Procedure.....:37
10. Switching Coordination.:39

ANNEXURES

Page No

I. Frequency Linked Despatch Guidelines..:42
II. FRC-CERC Approved Procedure and Formats:44
III. Surge Impedance Loading(SIL) of Transmission Lines....:73
IV. Thermal loading-As per CEA Planning Criteria.:74
V. NLDC Advisory on High capacity 765kV corridors...:76
VI. Congestion Formats..:84
VII. UI Price Vector..:91
VIII. List of important Grid Elements...:94
IX. Procedure for Outage Planning - Proposed....:115
X. UFR & df/dt Load Shedding.:129
XI. System Protection Schemes-All India Level:136
XII. Islanding Schemes..:168
XIII. Multiple Element Outage Circular ..:178
XIV. Regional Power Maps....:179
XV. Glossary and Definitions...:192

ACRONYMS
CERC - Central Electricity Regulatory Commission
SERC - State Electricity Regulatory Commission
IEGC - Indian Electricity Grid Code
NLDC - National Load Despatch Centre
RLDC - Regional Load Despatch Centre
SLDC - State Load Despatch Centre
TTC - Total Transfer Capability
ATC - Available Transfer Capability
TRM - Transmission Reliability Margin
ISGS - Inter State Generating Stations
ISTS - Inter State Transmission System
CEA - Central Electricity Authority
STU - State Transmission Utilities
CTU - Central Transmission Utility
RPC - Regional Power Committee
STOA - Short-term Open Access
MTOA - Medium-term Open Access
OCC - Operation Coordination Committee
IPP - Independent Power Producer
DR - Disturbance Recorder
AVR - Automatic Voltage Regulator
SVC - Static VAR Compensator
UI - Unscheduled Interchange
NER - North Eastern Region
RGMO - Restricted Governor Mode of Operation
FGMO - Free Governor Mode of Operation
HVDC - High Voltage Direct Current
MCR - Maximum Continuous Rating (MCR)
UFR - Under Frequency Relay
FRC - Frequency Response Characteristic
N L D C - O p e r a t i n g P r o c e d u r e s F o r N a t i o n a l G r i d - J u l y 2 0 1 3 - R e v 0
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1. General

1.1 Objective:-

1.1.1 Operating Procedures of National Load Despatch Centre (NLDC) document has been developed
by NLDC as per Cl. 5.1(e) of Indian Electricity Grid Code (IEGC) in consultation with the
RLDCs for the guidance of the staff of NLDC. This document is brought out in line with IEGC,
2010. After that Honble CERC issued amendment to IEGC principal regulation (2010) on
05/03/12.

The revision/updation of this procedure is based on amendment in various regulations, recent
Orders/Regulations issued by Honble Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC) and
recent changes in the power sector. CERC amended IEGC, UI Regulations, Grant of Connectivity,
LTA & MTOA in ISTS and related matters Regulations, Terms & Conditions of Tariff
Regulations, Procedure, Terms and Conditions for Grant of Trading Licence and other related
matters Regulations. Also the procedure for relieving congestion in real time operation has also
been revised by NLDC and approved by CERC vide its order dated 22.04.2013, Procedure for
assessment of Frequency Response Characteristic (FRC) of Control Areas was approved by
CERC and Manual on Transmission Planning Criteria was revised by CEA in Jan 2013. CERC
has approved the detailed "Procedure for the Implementation of the Mechanism of Renewable
Regulatory Fund" under Regulation 6.1 (d) of Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (Indian
Electricity Grid Code), Regulations 2010 vide its order dt 09-07-13.

This procedure supersedes the earlier procedure issued by NLDC in June, 2012.

1.1.2 The real time operation of National Grid is one of the important functions of NLDC. As more and
more inter regional links are coming up and more number of 765kV lines are coming, demand
rising rapidly, the task of real time grid operation is becoming more and more complex. The
Indian Grid has interconnections with neighbouring countries like Bhutan and Nepal also. In
India, two power exchanges are in operation as per the regulations of CERC for collective
transactions and the approved procedure prepared by NLDC. The need was felt to develop the
written document for the guidance of real time operator of National Grid and to develop the
reference manual for day to day operation.

1.1.3 Objective of this document is to clearly spell out the procedures adopted for the integrated system
operation and roles of each agency and their responsibilities in grid operation in compliance of
IEGC. This document aims at operation and development of national power system in the most
efficient, economic, secure and reliable manner. This document also aims to facilitate beneficial
trading opportunities to harness bottled up power.

These procedures are to be read in conjunction with the Central Electricity Regulatory
Commission (Indian Electricity Grid Code) Regulations, 2010 IEGC and its first amendment-
2012, CEA (Grid Standards) regulation, 2010 and respective RLDCs Operating Procedures. If any
ambiguity arises in interpretation of this operating procedure, the meaning, intent and the purpose
of clauses as provided in IEGC and CEA (Grid Standards) shall prevail.

1.2 Role of NLDC:-
1.2.1 National Load Despatch Centre (NLDC) has been constituted as per Ministry of Power (MOP)
notification, Government of India, under section 26(2) of the Act, dated 2nd March 2005 and is
the apex body to ensure integrated operation of the national power system.

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1.2.2 The main functions assigned to NLDC as per the above notification are:
a) Supervision over the Regional Load Despatch Centres.

b) Scheduling and despatch of electricity over inter-regional links in accordance with grid
standards specified by the Authority and Grid Code specified by Central Commission in
coordination with Regional Load Despatch Centres.

c) Coordination with Regional Load Despatch Centres for achieving maximum economy
and efficiency in the operation of National Grid.

d) Monitoring of operations and grid security of the National Grid.

e) Supervision and control over the inter-regional links as shall be required for ensuring
stability of the power system under its control.

f) Coordination with Regional Power Committees for regional outage schedule in the
national perspective to ensure optimal utilization of power resources.

g) Coordination with Regional Load Despatch Centres for the energy accounting of inter-
regional exchange of power.

h) Coordination for restoration of synchronous operation of national grid with Regional Load
Despatch Centres.

i) Coordination for trans-national exchange of power.

j) Providing operational feedback for national grid planning to the Authority and Central
Transmission Utility.

k) Levy and collection of such fee and charges from the generating companies or licensees
involved in the power system, as may be specified by the Central Commission.

l) Dissemination of information relating to operations of transmission system in accordance
with directions or regulations issued by Central Government from time to time.

1.2.3 NLDC shall also carry out the following functions as per directions issued
from time to time.

a) NLDC is the nodal agency for collective transactions as per CL.5 of CERC (Open Access in
Inter-State Transmission) Regulations, 2008.

b) NLDC is the implementing agency for (Sharing of Inter-State Transmission Charges and
Losses) Regulations as per Cl 18.1 of the above regulation.

c) NLDC is the Central Agency for Renewable Energy Certificate(REC) mechanism vide
CERC Order dated 29.01.2010.

d) NLDC would act as the Central control room in case of natural & man made
Emergency/disaster where it affects the power system operation vide MOP letter dt 27-05-
2009.
e) Any other function as may be assigned by the Commission by order or regulations from time
to time.

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1.3 Role of RLDC:-

According to Sections 28 and 29 of Electricity Act, 2003, the functions of RLDCs are
as follows:
a) The Regional Load Despatch Centre shall be the apex body to ensure integrated
operation of the power system in the concerned region.

b) The Regional Load Despatch Centre shall comply with such principles, guidelines and
methodologies in respect of wheeling and optimum scheduling and despatch of electricity as
may be specified in the Grid Code.

c) The Regional Load Despatch Centre shall
a. be responsible for optimum scheduling and despatch of electricity within the
region, in accordance with the contracts entered into with the licensees or the generating
companies operating in the region;
b. monitor grid operations;
c. keep accounts of quantity of electricity transmitted through the regional grid;
d. exercise supervision and control over the Inter State Transmission System ; and
e. be responsible for carrying out real time operations for grid control and
despatch of electricity within the region through secure and economic
operation of the regional grid in accordance with the Grid Standards and the Grid Code.

d) The Regional Load Despatch Centre may give such directions and exercise such supervision
and control as may be required for ensuring stability of grid operations and for achieving the
maximum economy and efficiency in the operation of the power system in the region under its
control.

e) Every licensee, generating company, generating station, sub-station and any other
person connected with the operation of the power system shall comply with the directions
issued by the Regional Load Despatch Centers.

f) All directions issued by the Regional Load Despatch Centers to any transmission licensee of
state transmission lines or any other licensee of the state or generating company (other than
those connected to interstate transmission system) or substation in the state shall be issued
through the State Load Despatch Centre and the State Load Despatch Centers shall ensure that
such directions are duly complied with by the licensee or generating company or sub-station.

g) If any dispute arises with reference to the quality of electricity or safe, secure and integrated
operation of the regional grid or in relation to any direction given by the Regional Load
Despatch Centre, it shall be referred to Central Commission for decision. However, pending
the decision of the Central Commission, the directions of the Regional Load Despatch Centre
shall be complied with by the State Load Despatch Centre or the licensee or the generating
company, as the case may be.

The following are contemplated as exclusive functions of RLDCs
1) System operation and control including interstate transfer of power, covering contingency
analysis and operational planning on real time basis;
2) Scheduling / re-scheduling of generation;
3) System restoration following grid disturbances;
4) Meter Data Processing;
5) Compiling and furnishing data pertaining to system operation;
6) Operation of regional UI pool account, regional reactive energy account and Congestion
Charge Account, provided that such functions will be undertaken by any entity(ies) other than
RLDCs if the Commission so directs.

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7) Operation of ancillary services

In cases of Short Term Open access bilateral transaction in Inter State Transmission, the Regional
Load Despatch Centre of the region where point of drawal of electricity is situated, shall be the
nodal agency for the short-term open access. The procedure and modalities in regard to short-term
Open Access shall be in accordance with the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (Open
Access in Inter State Transmission)\Regulations, 2008, as amended from time to time.

1.4 Role of SLDC:-

In accordance with section 32 of Electricity Act, 2003, the State Load Despatch Centre

a) The State Load Despatch Centre shall be the apex body to ensure integrated operation of the
power system in a State.

b) The State Load Despatch Centre shall -
a. be responsible for optimum scheduling and despatch of electricity within a State, in
accordance with the contracts entered into with the licensees or the generating companies
operating in that State;
b. monitor grid operations;
c. keep accounts of the quantity of electricity transmitted through the State grid;
d. exercise supervision and control over the intra-State transmission system; and
e. be responsible for carrying out real time operations for grid control and despatch of electricity
within the State through secure and economic operation of the State grid in accordance with
the Grid Standards and the State Grid Code.

In accordance with section 33 of the Electricity Act 2003, the State Load Despatch Centre in a
State may give such directions and exercise such supervision and control as may be required for
ensuring the integrated grid operations and for achieving the maximum economy and efficiency in
the operation of power system in that State. Every licensee, generating company, generating
station, sub-station and any other person connected with the operation of the power system shall
comply with the directions issued by the State Load Depatch Centre under subsection (1) of
Section 33 of the Electricity Act,2003. The State Load Despatch Centre shall comply with the
directions of the Regional Load Despatch Centre.

In case of inter-state bilateral and collective short-term open access transactions having a state
utility or an intra-state entity as a buyer or a seller, SLDC shall accord concurrence or no
objection or a prior standing clearance, as the case may be, in accordance with the Central
Electricity Regulatory Commission (Open Access in Inter-State Transmission) Regulations, 2008,
amended from time to time.

1.5 Maintenance of Operating Procedures:-

These procedures shall be maintained and reviewed periodically. However, in case of urgent need
arising due to operating problems, the procedures can be reviewed / revised expeditiously. NLDC
will be the coordinating agency for updating/review of Operating Procedures.

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2. Network Security and System Operation

2.1 Introduction:

This chapter highlights the actions required to be undertaken by system operators to keep the
network secured at all times against contingencies arising in the grid due to outage of critical
lines, bus, generating units or other important elements of the grid. It also describes the actions
required to maintain system parameters close to nominal values in day-to-day operation.

2.2 Network Security

2.2.1 Background

i) At present, the Indian power system has two asynchronous grids i.e., NEW grid comprising
Northern, Eastern, North-Eastern & Western regions and SR (Southern region) grid. The NEW
grid and SR Grid together caters about 120 GW of demand with a peak shortage in the range of
6000 to 10000 MW with about 2700 MU energy consumption. The NEW grid has already yielded
various benefits by taking advantage of diversity of time, surplus/deficit management due to
demand forecast errors/ weather variations, increased economic transactions, improvement in
overall system security and efficiency due to increase in stability margin and a stiffness of about
3500 MW/Hz. The stiffness of SR grid is of the order of 2000 MW/Hz.

ii) However, synchronisation of regional grids has also resulted in evolution of different contingencies
of critical nature in the grid, which has a potential to snowball in to credible contingency in the
grid In addition, system may operate at times beyond the assumptions of the planner in line with
various transmission security standards and associated criteria mentioned in section 3.5 of IEGC
due to following reasons:

a. Planned maintenance programme of the generators and transmission lines/elements. It is
imperative to ensure that such maintenance programmes are properly coordinated and do not
result in reduced redundancy not envisaged during planning.

b. The events beyond the control of operators such as extreme weather conditions affecting the
reliability of transmission system, uneven demand growth or delay in commissioning of
generators/transmission elements.

2.2.2 Measures to ensure Network Security and Reliability
For safe and secure grid operation, it is imperative that system parameters i.e. frequency, voltage
etc., remain close to nominal values. This section highlights the measures to be adopted by the
System Operators at NLDC/ RLDCs / State Load Despatch Centres (SLDCs) / Inter State
Generating Stations (ISGS) / substations for frequency and voltage control.

2.2.3 Frequency Control

2.2.3.1 Frequency Band:-All the regions would make all possible efforts to ensure the maintenance of
grid frequency within the normal IEGC band that is 49.7 Hz to 50.2 Hz currently as per IEGC
Clause. 5.2(m) and as specified by the IEGC from time to time. The nominal frequency of
operation in Indian grid is 50.0 Hz.

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This would be ensured by implementing following measures:

i) Each RLDC shall regulate the load / generation under its control so that the region may not
draw more than its schedule whenever the system frequency is below 49.8 Hz and less than its
schedule drawl whenever frequency is above 50.1 Hz and has rising trend.

ii) Each regional entity shall maintain generation under its control such that it may not generate
more than its schedule whenever the system frequency is above 50.1 Hz and has rising trend
and less than its schedule whenever frequency is below 49.8 Hz.

iii) In no case, entities in a region would resort to over drawl at a frequency of 49.7 Hz and below.
Similarly, entities in the region should not under draw / generate more than schedule at
frequency above 50.2 Hz.

iv) PRIMARY RESPONSE :- All regional entities shall ensure that the generating units
synchronised with the grid provide primary response in line with sections 5.2 (f), 5.2 (g), and
5.2 (h) of IEGC.

v) SUPPLEMENTARY CONTROL:- All regional entities shall provide supplementary control
in line with regulation 5.2 (i) of IEGC. Whenever frequency falls below 49.8 Hz, all partly
loaded generating units, particularly of overdrawing regional entities shall pick up additional
generation to control declining system frequency. The Frequency Linked Despatch Guidelines
is attached as Annexure I.

vi) Sudden reduction in generator output by any entity by more than 100 MW (20 MW in case of
North Eastern Region (NER)) shall be avoided particularly when frequency is falling or is
below 49.7 Hz unless, under an emergency condition or, to prevent an imminent damage to the
equipment.

vii) Sudden increase/decrease in load by any regional entity by more than 100 MW shall be
avoided to minimize frequency fluctuation. Sudden increase in load by more than 100 MW by
any regional entity, particularly when frequency is falling below 49.7 Hz. and reduction in load
by such quantum when frequency is rising above 50.2 Hz. shall be avoided.

2.2.3.2. NLDC shall exchange the power between the NEW and SR grid to minimise the frequency
differential between the grids in consultation with the concerned Regional Load Despatch Centre
(RLDC) on opportunity basis in real-time in addition to the Inter-regional scheduled power.

2.2.3.3 Measures during high frequency conditions

Based on the scheduled load shedding programme, hydro pick up, change in STOA schedules and
load ramp ups, NLDC shall anticipate possible frequency rises at the beginning of each hour and
initiate advance actions.

When the system frequency is above 50.1 Hz and in the rising trend:-

i) NLDC will co-ordinate with WR, ER to export the power to SR region in case the NEW grid
frequency is above 50.1 Hz and margin is available in the inter regional links and associated
lines of the regions & vice versa in case the SR grid frequency is above 50.1Hz.

ii) NLDC will coordinate with all the regions to maximize the load in case of under drawl and
minimise the generation based on merit order after ensuring that all pumped storage schemes
are in operation in pumping mode.

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iii) Advise all RLDCs to endeavour to restrict their actual net injection to within their scheduled
dispatch. All regions shall follow frequency linked dispatch guidelines.

iv) All the regions shall endeavour to ensure that their drawl from the grid is not less than their
schedule by following actions:-

a. Instruct SLDCs to Phase out scheduled load shedding
b. Advise constituents to surrender relatively high cost entitled power from ISGS through
revision of schedules.

c. Follow merit order and conserve fuel by reducing or shutting down high cost generators
including IPPs.

d. Explore additional export through Short-term Open Access (STOA).
v) All regions shall stagger their rostering pattern in a manner so as to arrest stiff high frequency
excursions during load changeover period.

vi) In case of persistent (based on merit order) high frequency, all regions may resort to shutting
down/ backing down of generators in the event of threat to grid security as per directions of
NLDC.

2.2.3.4 Measures during low frequency conditions

All regions shall carry out day ahead operational planning by balancing availability from all
sources and expected demand.

When the system frequency is below 49.8 Hz and in the decaying trend:
i) All regions shall endeavour to ensure the actual net injection of ISGS generation as per their
scheduled dispatch.

ii) All the regions shall ensure that their drawl from the grid is not more than their schedule by
maximizing generation in line with frequency linked dispatch guidelines.

iii) NLDC would advise RLDCs for further instructing to SLDC to restrict the over drawl at 49.8
Hz, within its schedule as per the Clause 5.4.2(a) IEGC-2010.

iv) If frequency further deteriorates and goes below 49.7 Hz and the over drawl of the region
continues then NLDC shall advise the RLDCs to make arrangements that will enable manual
demand disconnection to take place as instructed by RLDC/ SLDCs.

v) The measures undertaken to reduce the drawl from the grid shall not be withdrawn as long as
the frequency / voltage remain at a low level unless specifically permitted by NLDC/RLDC.

vi) In case of certain contingencies and / or threat to system security, NLDC may direct RLDCs
to ensure reduction of drawl by particular regional entity by a certain quantum. Such
directions shall immediately be acted upon.

vii) NLDC will co-ordinate with WR, ER to import the power from SR region in case the NEW
grid frequency is below 49.8 Hz and margin is available in the inter regional links and
associated lines of the regions & vice versa in case the SR grid frequency is below 49.8Hz.

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2.2.3.5 Governor Operation

a) In accordance to the Clause 5.2(f), 5.2(g), 5.2(h), 5.2(i) of IEGC, all thermal generating units of
200 MW and above and all hydro units of 10 MW and above (except those with upto three hours
pondage), which are synchronized with the grid, irrespective of their ownership, shall have
restricted governor mode of operation (RGMO) with effect from 01.08.2010.

b) The restricted governor mode of operation shall essentially have the following features.

i There should not be any reduction in generation in case of improvement in grid frequency
below 50.2 Hz. ( for example if grid frequency changes from 49.3 to 49.4 Hz. then there
shall not be any reduction in generation). Whereas for any fall in grid frequency, generation
from the unit should increase by 5% limited to 105 % of the Maximum Continuous Rating
(MCR) of the unit subject to machine capability.

ii Ripple filter of +/- 0.03 Hz. shall be provided so that small changes in frequency are ignored
for load correction, in order to prevent governor hunting.

iii If any of these generating units is required to be operated without its governor in operation as
specified above, the RLDC shall be immediately advised about the reason and duration of such
operation. All governors shall have a droop setting of between 3% and 6%.

iv Provided that if a generating unit cannot be operated under restricted governor mode operation,
then it shall be operated in free governor mode operation with manual intervention to operate
in the manner required under restricted governor mode operation.

v All thermal generating units of 200 MW and above and all hydro units of 10 MW and above
operating at or up to 100% of their Maximum Continuous Rating (MCR) shall normally be
capable of (and shall not in any way be prevented from) instantaneously picking up to 105%
and 110% of their MCR, respectively, when frequency falls suddenly. After an increase in
generation as above, a generating unit may ramp back to the original level at a rate of about
one percent (1%) per minute, in case continued operation at the increased level is not
sustainable. Any generating unit not complying with the above requirements, shall be kept in
operation (synchronized with the Regional grid) only after obtaining the permission of
RLDC.

vi The recommended rate for changing the governor setting, i.e., supplementary control for
increasing or decreasing the output (generation level) for all generating units, irrespective of
their type and size, would be one (1.0) per cent per minute or as per manufacturers limits.
However, if frequency falls below 49.7Hz, all partly loaded generating units shall pick up
additional load at a faster rate, according to their capability.

c) If any of the generating units are required to be operated without its governor in operation as
specified above, the RLDC shall be immediately advised about the reason and duration of such
operation.

d) Procedure to monitor primary response through Frequency Response Characteristic (FRC) from
different control areas was submitted by NLDC and it is approved by the Honble CERC
through its order dt.03-05-2013. The detailed procedure is attached as Annexure II

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2.2.4 Voltage Control

2.2.4.1 Operating Range
As defined in the IEGC Section 5.2(s), the operating range of the voltages at various voltage levels
of the grid is as follows:

Voltage (kV-rms)
Nominal Minimum Maximum
765 728 800
400 380 420
220 198 245
132 122 145
110 99 121
66 60 72
33 30 36

The maximum and minimum values in the above table are the outer limits and all the regions shall
endeavour to maintain the voltage level within the above limits. NLDC operators should monitor
the above voltage limits across all inter regional links& important nodes and should interact with
RLDCs for keeping the system voltage within the above specified limit.

As defined in the IEGC Section 5.2(J), all users and SEBs shall ensure that temporary over voltage
due to sudden load rejection and the maximum permissible values of voltage unbalance
shallremain within limits specified under Central Electricity Authority (Grid Standards)
Regulations, 2010.
Reactive Power manual of NLDC may be referred for detailed Reactive power management and
voltage control procedures.

2.2.4.2 AVRs of Generators

Generating units of all the region shall keep their Automatic Voltage Regulators (AVRs) in
operation and power system stabilizers (PSS) in AVRs shall be tuned in line with clause 5.2(k) of
IEGC.

2.2.4.3 VAR Exchange by regional constituents for Voltage and Reactive Control

Each constituent shall provide for the supply of its reactive requirements including appropriate
reactive reserves, and its share of the reactive requirements to support safe and secure power
transfer on interconnecting transmission circuits. The RLDC and constituent states shall take
action in regard to VAR exchange with the grid looking at the topology and voltage profile of the
exchange point. In general, the beneficiaries shall endeavour to minimize the VAR drawl at
interchange point when the voltage at that point is below the nominal value and shall not inject
VARs when the voltage is above the nominal value. In fact, the beneficiaries are expected to
provide local VAR compensation so that they do not draw any VARs from the grid during low
voltage conditions and do not inject any VARs to the grid during high voltage conditions.

2.2.4.4 VAR generation / absorption by generating units

In order to improve the overall voltage profile, the generators shall run in a manner so as to have
counter balancing action corresponding to low/high backbone grid voltage and to bring it towards the
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nominal value. In order to achieve the same, all generators shall generate reactive power during low
voltage conditions and absorb reactive power during high voltage conditions as per the capability limit
of the respecting generating units. The online tap changers (OLTC) on the generator transformer
wherever possible should also be used to achieve this. Off load tap changes should be used to take care
of the seasonal variations in the voltage profile.

2.2.4.5 Transformer Taps

In line with IEGC clause 6.6.5 & 6.6.4,
the transformer tap positions on
different 765kV, 400kV, 220kV &
132kV class ICTs shall be changed as
per requirements in order to improve the
grid voltage. RLDCs shall coordinate
and advise the settings of different tap
position and any change in their
positions shall be carried out after
consultation with RLDC. The modified
tap position shall be informed to NLDC
by RLDCs. The tap settings shall be
reviewed and changed before the start
of monsoon and winter and based on
system requirement.
NLDC shall review and advise RLDCs
on the tap position of 765/400kV ICTs
periodically.

Fig:- Typical Transformer

2.2.4.6 Control of Voltage at grid substations/generating stations

Following corrective measures shall be taken in the event of voltage going high / low:-
i) In the event of high voltage (when the bus voltage going above 410 kV), following specific
steps would be taken by the respective grid substation/generating station at their own, unless
specifically mentioned by NLDC/RLDC/SLDCs.

a. The bus reactor be switched in
b. The manually switchable capacitor banks be taken out
c. The switchable line/tertiary reactor are taken in
d. Optimize the filter banks at HVDC terminal
e. All the generating units on bar shall absorb reactive power within the capability curve
f. Operate synchronous condensers wherever available for VAR absorption
g. Operate hydro generator / gas turbine as synchronous condenser for VAR absorption
wherever such facilities are available

h. Bring down power flow on HVDC terminals so that loading on parallel EHV network goes
up resulting in drop in voltage.

i. Open lightly loaded lines in consultation with RLDC/SLDC for ensuring security of the
balanced network.

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ii) In the event of low voltage (when the bus voltage going down below 390kV), following
specific steps would be taken by the respective grid substation/generating station at their
own, unless specifically mentioned by NLDC/RLDC/SLDCs.

a.Close the lines which were opened to control high voltage in consultation with
RLDC/SLDC.
b. The bus reactor be switched out
c. The manually switchable capacitor banks are switched in.
d. The switchable line/tertiary reactor are taken out
e. Optimize the filter banks at HVDC terminal
f. All the generating units on bar shall generate reactive power within capability curve.
g. Operate synchronous condenser for VAR generation
h. Operate hydro generator / gas turbine as synchronous condenser for VAR generation
wherever such facilities are available
i. Increase power flow on HVDC terminals so that loading on parallel Extra High Voltage
(EHV) network goes down resulting in rise in voltage.

2.2.4.7 Load Management for controlling the Voltage

All the regions shall identify the radial feeders in their areas in consultation with SLDCs which
have significant reactive drawls and which can be disconnected in order to improve the voltage
conditions in the event of voltage dropping to low levels.
The details of all such feeders shall be kept ready in the respective control rooms of
RLDC/SLDC and standing instruction would be given to the operating personnel to ensure the
relief in the hour of crisis by disconnecting such feeders. Automatic under voltage load
shedding shall commence at 380kV.

2.2.4.8 Switching off the line reactors in case of low voltage

In the event of persistent low voltage conditions, some of the line reactors are to be selected on
the basis of line length, grid conditions, network topology etc. by each region which can be
switched off in order to improve the system voltage profile. The switching off of such line
reactors and reviving them back would be carried out as per the instructions issued by
RLDCs/SLDCs.

2.2.4.9 Switching off of the lines in case of high voltage

In the event of persistent high voltage conditions when all other reactive control measures as
mentioned earlier including opening of redundant HT lines with in the state system by the
concerned SLDCs have been exhausted, selected 765 / 400 / 230 / 220 / 132 / 110 KV lines shall
be opened for voltage control measures. The opening of lines and reviving them back in such an
event would be carried out as per the instructions issued by RLDC/NLDC in real time and as per
the standing instructions issued from time to time. While taking such action, RLDC/NLDC
would duly consider that to the extent possible the same does not result in affecting ISGS
generation as well as the system security & reliability is not affected.

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2.2.5 Line loading

In addition to frequency & voltage control measures outlined above, each system operator
would also have before him the thermal loading limits, surge impedance loading and the loading
permitted from stability considerations for each line listed under important elements. RLDC
would endeavour to keep the line/ ICT loadings within limits and inform NLDC in case of
overloading of any element. Special emphasis would be paid by each system operator in
identifying credible system contingencies & continuously evaluating the system under his
control against these contingencies.
In addition to monitoring the loading of critical individual elements, the power flow across the
identified flow gates shall also to be monitored and controlled with in the value specified based
on the study results. All the regions hence would extend the necessary cooperation in
maintaining network reliability and security.
Surge Impedance Loading of the transmission lines is given in Annexure III.
Thermal Loading limits of different conductors is given in Manual on Transmission Planning
Criteria- Jan 2013. It is attached as Annexure IV.
The advisory issued by NLDC for secure operation of the grid consequent to commissioning of
the high capacity 765 kV corridors in the NEW grid is enclosed as Annexure V

2.2.6 System Protection Scheme

As per IEGC, System Protection schemes are required to take care of some special
contingencies like tripping of important corridor/flow gates etc to avoid the voltage collapse,
cascade tripping, load generation mismatch and finally blackouts in the system.
It will have pre identified load shedding, generation backing down/tripping of generators and
inter tripping features. To ensure the healthiness of SPS, necessary checking / testing will be
done by RPC secretariat periodically.

Several SPS schemes have been implemented in different regions and several schemes are being
planned. It is explained in Chapter on Defense Mechanisms.

2.2.7 Islanding Scheme

In order to isolate the healthy subsystems following a large-scale disturbance, islanding schemes
have been implemented by few generating stations/Users and State Utilities. This is a system
requirement under contingency conditions according to which the power network may be split
into healthy and self-sustaining zones so that cascade tripping of all generating stations in the
entire region is avoided. It is explained in Chapter on Defense Mechanisms.
.

2.2.8 Security of Grid

In line with Central Electricity Authority (Technical Standards for Connectivity to Grid)
Regulations 2007, the utilities shall make arrangements for integration of the controls and
telemetering features of their system in to the automatic generation control, automatic load
shedding, system protection scheme, energy management system and supervisory control & data
Acquisition System of the respective State or the region.

2.2.9 Congestion Management in real time operation

Congestion management in real time operation is tackled as per CERC Regulation dated 22
nd

December 2009 on Measures to relieve congestion in real time operation. The revised
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procedure (Detailed Procedure for Relieving Congestion in Real Time Operation) has been
prepared by NLDC and approved by CERC vide its order dated 22.04.2013 may be referred for
further details.

2.2.9.1 Transfer Capability

i) Total Transfer Capability (TTC) means the amount of electric power that can be transferred
reliably over the inter-control area transmission system under a given set of operating conditions
considering the effect of occurrence of the worst credible contingency.

ii) Transmission Reliability Margin (TRM) means the amount of margin kept in the total transfer
capability necessary to ensure that the interconnected transmission network is secure under a
reasonable range of uncertainties in system conditions.

iii) Available Transfer Capability (ATC) means the transfer capability of the inter-control area
transmission system available for scheduling commercial transaction (through long term access,
medium term open access and short term open access) in a specific direction, taking into account
the network security. Mathematically ATC is the Total Transfer Capability less Transmission
Reliability Margin

The updated ATC, TRM & ATC of all inter regional corridors and Intra Regional corridors shall
be available to NLDC operator for facilitating optimum utilization.

Sample format for declaration of TTC/TRM/ATC is enclosed as Format-I is given in Annexure VI
.

2.2.9.2 Declaration of congestion in real-time

a) SLDCs/ RLDCs/ NLDC shall have a display available in their web-sites showing TTC, TRM,
ATC declared in advance. Real time power flow in the corridor for which TTC has been declared
shall be displayed alongside for comparison. The voltage of the important nodes in the grid
downstream/ upstream of the corridor shall also be displayed. The display is available in the
NLDC SCADA system. The same is attached as Format II in Annexure VI

A corridor shall be considered congested under the following circumstances:

i) Grid voltage in the important nodes downstream/ upstream of the corridor is beyond the
operating range specified in the IEGC and/or

ii) The real time power flow along a corridor is such that n-1 criteria may not be satisfied.

iii) One or more transmission lines in the corridor are loaded beyond the normal limit specified
in CEA Manual on Transmission Planning Criteria.

Whenever actual flow on inter/ intra regional link/ corridor exceeds ATC and security criteria as
mentioned above are violated NLDC, RLDC may issue a warning notice. In case SLDC
observes congestion within the intra State grid it shall inform the respective RLDC which in turn
shall inform the NLDC. The notice for congestion shall be communicated to all the Regional
entities telephonically or through fax/ voice message/ e-mail and through postings on website and
making the same available on the common screen at NLDC/ RLDCs/ SLDCs. The format III of
the notice is enclosed in Annexure VI

b) If the power flow on the corridor is as per the schedule, but the congestion has been caused by
forced outages of a transmission line in the corridor, which occurs after the drawal schedule has
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been fixed, then open access transactions shall be curtailed in the priority given in the Central
Electricity Regulatory Commission (Grant of Connectivity, Long-term Access and Medium-term
Open Access in inter-State Transmission and related matters) Regulations, 2009(as indicated
below) followed by revision of TTC, TRM and ATC.

c) If the power flow on the corridor is as per the schedule and the corridor is congested due to either
of the circumstances mentioned in clauses 2.2.9.2 (a) i & iii, then TTC, TRM and ATC shall be
revised accordingly.

d) If violation of TTC limits persists for 2 time-blocks not counting the time-block in which warning
notice was issued by RLDC and no affirmative action by the defaulting agency is taken, NLDC/
RLDC(s) shall issue a notice for application of congestion charge. This notice shall be
communicated to all the concerned Regional entities telephonically or through fax message and
through postings on website and making available the same at the common screen at NLDC/
RLDCs/ SLDCs. The format IV is enclosed as Annexure VI

2.2.9.3 Applicability of Congestion Charge

a) Congestion Charge shall be applicable to Regional entities as per the CERC (Measures to relieve
congestion in real time operation) Regulations and orders on rate of congestion charge as
applicable from time to time.

b) At Congestion charge would be levied for
a) over drawal or under-injection in the importing control area and
b) under drawal or over-injection in the exporting control area.

c) Congestion charges may also become applicable for an intra-regional corridor of one region, if the
congestion is attributable to other regional entities of other region. Congestion charge shall be
applicable only after two time blocks from the time of issuing the notice, not counting the time
block in which notice is issued.

c) Congestion charge shall be withdrawn after the power flow on the affected transmission link/
corridor has come down to the ATC and remains at this level for one time block. NLDC/ RLDC
shall communicate to all concerned Regional entities telephonically or through fax message/ e-
mail and through postings on website and making available the same on the common screen
available at NLDC/ RLDCs/ SLDCs for lifting of congestion charge. The format V of the notice
is enclosed as Annexure VI. The various formats may be referred in the Detailed procedure for
relieving congestion in real time operation also.

e) As per CERC notification, the congestion charge is currently at Rs.5.45 per kwh which will be
applicable to all regions. The Commission may, from time to time, by order specify the rate of
congestion charge applicable to whole or a part of the region.

2.2.10 Inter-regional Exchanges
NLDC shall endeavour to exchange power between the regions on opportunity basis in real-time
in addition to the Inter-regional scheduled power. NLDC shall exchange power with the
neighboring region on Unscheduled Interchange (UI) basis for the following.

i) In case of Grid disturbance / Grid Incidents
ii) Network contingent conditions in either of NEW and SR regions
iii) Wheeling of other regions power during contingencies
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iv) Testing / maintenance of important elements
v) Providing power assistance during emergency
vi) Load changeover period in either of NEW grid and SR regions

2.2.11 Contingency Evaluation

In addition to frequency and voltage control measures outlined above, each system operator at
NLDC/RLDCs/ SLDCs would continuously run the Real Time Contingency Analysis (RTCA)
application to identify credible contingencies, evaluate the system under his control against
these contingencies and ensure immediate remedial measures for revival. All the constituents of
each region should implement network applications under EMS at the earliest to facilitate the
contingency evaluation. Pre-requisite for this is however the updation of network of models
alongwith availability of real-time data from all the sub-stations / generating stations. Intense
efforts are required from all SLDCs/RLDCs/NLDC in this direction.

2.2.12 Requirements for Solar & Wind generator

System operator(RLDC/SLDC) shall make all efforts to evacuate the available power from
solar and wind and treat as a must run station. SLDC/RLDC may direct solar/wind generator to
back down its generation for system security purpose or safety of personnel/equipments.

SLDC/RLDC may direct a wind farm to curtail its VAr drawal/Injection on consideration of
system security or safety of personnel/equipments.

2.2.13 HVDC SET points

NLDC shall inform to all RLDCs the optimum setting of the HVDC set points of all inter-
regional HVDC system.
Ramping up/down of all intra-regional Bipole and Back-Back HVDC has to be done with prior
intimation of NLDC/RLDCs. .

2.2.14 Operating Manpower

The Control Rooms of NLDC, RLDCs, SLDCs, Power plants, Grid Substations shall be manned
/ monitored round the clock by qualified and adequately trained manpower who would remain
vigilant and cooperative at all the times so as to maintain safe and secure grid operation.

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3. Demand Monitoring & Control Procedures

3.1 Objective

This chapter describes the procedures / responsibilities of the SLDCs for all India demand
monitoring and also the steps to be taken by SLDCs for reduction of demand in the event of
inadequate generating capacity and in the event of breakdown or operating problems (such as
frequency, voltage levels or network elements overloading) on any part of the grid.

3.2 Overview

Demand monitoring plays a very important role in grid operation. Long term demand data (five
years and beyond) is an important input for generation / transmission planning. Medium term
demand data (one year and below) constitutes an important input for outage planning of
generating units and transmission lines. The short term demand forecast (spanning from one
week to next time block) facilitates an important input for generation scheduling. Variation in
demand in real time operation from the estimated values should be within +-2% limits to ensure
that the grid is not affected adversely.
Demand estimation and control is essentially the responsibility of SLDCs and RLDC/NLDC
would generally not have a major role in this area except for integrating the demand value from
the regions and projecting the same as national demand. NLDC however, would give instructions
to RLDCs on demand control whenever the same has a bearing on the security of the national
grid and such instructions would have to be complied by the SLDCs through their respective
RLDCs.

3.3 Demand estimation

3.3.1 The SLDCs would forecast demand on an annual, quarterly, monthly, weekly and ultimately on
daily basis which would be used in the day ahead scheduling.

3.3.2 In line with the clause 5.3(c & d) of IEGC-2010, each SLDC shall maintain a historical database
and develop methodologies / mechanism for demand estimation. The data for the estimation shall
also include load shedding, power cuts etc. Similar database should be available at RLDCs and
NLDC level.

3.3.3 Each State / SLDCs shall utilize the forecasting modules suitable for their system and compatible
for transfer of forecasted data in the form required by RLDCs.

3.3.4 The historical database to be maintained by SLDCs/RLDCs shall also include major events vis-
-vis effect of weather forecast on the actual demand, grid disturbances and loss of major
generation. Effect of weekends and other basis of historical data.

3.3.5 The annual, quarterly and monthly demand forecast would be finalized in the respective sub-
committee meetings of RPCs and used in the outage plan prepared by respective RPC
Secretariats in consultation with all the constituents.

3.3.6 Attention would also be paid by SLDCs in demand forecasting for special days such as important
festival and national holidays having different crest and troughs in the daily load curve as
compared to normal days.

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3.3.7 The load forecast utility based on Similar Day Forecast (SDF) technique is available at all the
SLDCs and RLDC as a part of the EMS function. SDF can take two approaches for demand
forecast i.e., Profile Based Forecast (PBF) and Weather Based Forecast (WBF).

3.3.8 In the PBF technique, historical demand profile contains hourly demand data for 96 profiles
consisting of recent past seven days of every calendar month and 12 special days (holidays like
15th August, 26th January etc.). In the WBF technique, a composite weather parameter
representing temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind speed, wind direction, rainfall and relative
humidity and corresponding demand data are stored on hourly basis in history as profile.

3.3.9 Presently, the SDF technique based on PBF is in vogue in all the region which calls for each
SLDC to upload the demand forecast data for the next day by 15 hours on daily basis. It also
facilitates SLDCs to incorporate changes on online basis and upload.

3.3.10 The SLDC shall take into account the wind and other renewable energy forecasting to meet
active and reactive power requirement.

3.3.11It is also important that, the reactive power / Mvar requirements are forecasted right from
substation level by each SLDC. The reactive power planning exercise and program for
installation of reactive compensation equipments should take care of these requirements also.

3.4 Demand Control

3.4.1 The need for demand control arises on account of following conditions:
a) Variation in demand from the estimated value (by more than 2%) which can not be absorbed
by the grid.

b) Unforeseen generation / transmission outages resulting in reduced power availability.
c) Heavy reactive power demand, particularly during Rabi crop season (agricultural load) / high
industrial activity causing low voltages

d) Critical loading on inter-regional corridors/flow gates

e) Sudden variations in Wind power generation

f) Commercial reasons such as payment default leading to regulation of power supply by
generating companies

3.4.2 In line with section 5.3.(c) of IEGC, the SLDCs would regularly carry out the necessary exercises
to estimate short term and long term demand to facilitate planning so as to ensure that they meet
their load without overdrawing from the grid. The deviations of drawl from the schedule have to
be controlled by the SLDCs in the following cases:

a) Overdrawl at frequency below 49.7 Hz
b) Underdrawal at frequency above 50.2 Hz
c) Over/under drawl in line with real time advice from NLDC/RLDCs during critical
contingencies in inter-regional corridors / flow gates

d) Reactive power drawls / injections causing low voltage / high voltage.
3.4.3 The constituents shall endeavour to restrict their net drawl from the grid to within their respective
drawl schedule whenever the system frequency is below 49.8 Hz in line with section 5.4.2(a) of
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IEGC. However, when the frequency falls below 49.8 Hz, requisite load shedding (manual) shall
be carried out in the concerned State to curtail the over drawl in order to avert the drop in
frequency below 49.7 Hz.
3.4.4. All regions shall endeavour to maintain the system frequency above 49.7 Hz and would cooperate
for helping optimum utilization of regional hydro resources so as to ensure maximum availability
during peak hours.

3.4.5. All regions shall ensure the availability of the defence mechanism in place .

3.4.6. Demand control would have to be exercised under low frequency conditions by taking the
following actions by regions.

a) Scheduled load shedding as decided in OCCM/Board meetings.
b) Un-scheduled load shedding for the load generation balancing exercise which is
planned for the following day. Unscheduled load shedding accounts for fluctuations in
availability due to forced outages, transmission outages, fuel related problems,
demand fluctuations due to weather related factors and other important events

c) Distress load shedding due to load generation imbalance in real time leading to
frequency going below 49.7 Hz. This will be carried out through already identified radial
feeders. Loads may be shed under any System Protection Schemes, UFR and df/dt relays.

3.4.7. During the demand control by scheduled load shedding as well as unscheduled load shedding by
staggering in different groups, the changeover from one group to another shall be carried out in a
gradual & scientific manner so as to ensure that the change in load at any point of time does not
exceed 100 MW so as to avoid excursions in system parameters.

3.4.8 In the case of low voltage pockets, RLDC/SLDCs would disconnect the preidentified radial
feeders drawing heavy quantum of reactive power which are not feeding the important loads like
Traction, Hospital, Defence etc. when voltage goes below 380kV.

3.4.9 Each User/STU/SLDC shall formulate contingency procedures and make arrangements that will
enable demand disconnection to take place, as instructed by the RLDC/SLDC, under normal
and/or contingent conditions. These contingency procedures and arrangements shall regularly be
/ updated by User/STU and monitored by RLDC/SLDC. RLDC/SLDC may direct any User/STU
to modify the above procedures/arrangement, if required, in the interest of grid security and the
concerned User/STU shall abide by these directions.

3.4.10 The SLDC through respective State Electricity Boards/Distribution Licensees shall also
formulate and implement state-of-the-art demand management schemes for automatic demand
management like rotational load shedding, demand response (which may include lower tariff for
interruptible loads) etc. before 01.01.2011, to reduce overdrawl in order to comply para 5.4.2 (a)
and (b) . A Report detailing the scheme and periodic reports on progress of implementation of the
schemes shall be sent to the Central Commission by the concerned SLDC.

3.4.11 In order to maintain the frequency within the stipulated band and maintaining the network
security, the interruptible loads shall be arranged in four groups of loads, for scheduled power
cuts/load shedding, loads for unscheduled load shedding, loads to be shed through under
frequency relays/ df/dt relays and loads to be shed under any System Protection Scheme
identified at the RPC level. These loads shall be grouped in such a manner , that there is no
overlapping between different Groups of loads. In case of certain contingencies and/or threat to
system security, the RLDC may direct any SLDC/ SEB/distribution licensee or bulk consumer
connected to the ISTS to decrease drawal of its control area by a certain quantum. Such
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directions shall immediately be acted upon, SLDC shall send compliance report immediately
after compliance of these directions to RLDC.

3.5 Operational planning on day ahead basis

3.5.1 In line with clause 6.5 of IEGC under the head of Scheduling & Despatch Procedure,plant-
wise requisitions from the States are compiled at each RLDCs to draw up scheduled for
each ISGS. The day ahead operational planning exercise helps the state with large deficit to
opt for un-requisitioned power in some of the ISGS plants within or outside the region.

3.5.2 The state utilities bridge the anticipated shortfall by day-ahead Short Term Open Access
transactions/collective transactions (PX trades).

3.6 Day Ahead Balancing

3.6.1 The day ahead power balance cannot be obtained without planning for load shedding in case
of deficient power region. Out of the total deficits for the following day, the scheduled load
shedding takes care of a major portion of the deficits and is planned and frozen atleast a
month in advance and announced to public. The balance part of the deficit is taken care of
through planning of unscheduled load shedding.

3.6.2 Unscheduled load shedding accounts for fluctuations in a v a i l a b i l i t y due to forced
outages, transmission outages, fuel related problems, demand fluctuations due to weather
related factors and other important events

3.7 Same Day Operational Planning

3.7.1 On the day of operation, due to errors in demand forecast, forced outage of units, some of the
States or Central Sector Plants, sellers/buyers of Short Term Open Access transactions (advance
reservations and first-cum-first serve basis only) may revise their schedules one and half
hour ahead for planned deviations and one hour ahead for unforeseen problems.

3.7.2 The deviations from schedules in any region may require purchase/sell of balancing power from
the other power surplus regional to power deficit regional pool at a rate determined by UI price
vector. This price vector is given in Annexure VII.

3.8 Load Crash
In the event of load crash in the system due to weather disturbance or other reasons, the situation
would be controlled by SLDCs / ISGS by the following methods:-

a) Lifting the load restrictions, if any.
b) Exporting the power to neighbouring regions by STOA
c) Phasing out hydro
d) Backing down or closing down of generating units

Further in case of hydro generation linked with irrigation requirements, the actual backing down
or closing down of units shall be subject to limitations on such account.

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4. Outage Planning

4.1 Introduction
a) This section brings out the process for preparation of outage schedules for generators and
transmission lines at the national level subject to network security, constraints and reliability. The
general guidelines shall be as per section 5.7 of the IEGC. NLDC operator should be familiar with
all important transmission lines given in Annexure VIII and generation units covering the entire
national grid and effecting the operation of the national grid concerning its security, integrity and
economy facilitating optimum utilization of all national resources. While planning for generation
outages and transmission line outages due consideration shall have to be made for long term
commitments, medium and short term commitments including transactions that are settled through
multiple Power Exchanges.

b) Outages effecting network security on a Pan-India scale shall have to be planned meticulously and
Power System Studies have to be carried out for this purpose.

c) Annual outage plan shall be prepared in advance for the financial year by the RPC Secretariat in
consultation with NLDC and RLDC and reviewed during the year on quarterly and Monthly basis.
All users, CTU, STU etc shall follow these annual outage plans. If any deviation is required the
same shall be with prior permission of concerned RPC and RLDC. The outage planning of run-of-
the-river hydro plant, wind and solar power plant and its associated evacuation network shall be
planned to extract maximum power from these renewable sources of energy. Outage of wind
generator should be planned during lean wind season, outage of solar, if required during the rainy
season and outage of run-of-the river hydro power plant in the lean water season.

4. 2 Objective

a) To produce a coordinated generation and transmission outage programme for the
National/Regional grid, considering all the available resources and taking into account
transmission constraints, as well as, irrigational requirements.

b) To minimise surplus or deficits, if any, in the system requirement of power and energy and help
operate system within Security Standards.

c) To optimize the transmission outages of the elements of the National/Regional grid without
adversely affecting the grid operation but taking into account the Generation Outage Schedule,
outages of User/STU/CTU systems and maintaining system security standards.

4.3 Scope

This section is applicable to NLDC, RLDC, SLDCs, CTU, STU, RPCs and all Users

4.4 Outage Planning Process

a) The RPC Secretariat shall be primarily responsible for finalization of the annual outage plan for
the following financial year by 31
st
January of each year.

b) All SEBs/STUs, transmission licensees, CTU, ISGS IPPs, MPPs and other generating stations
shall provide RPC Secretariat their proposed outage programmes in writing for the next financial
year by 30
th
November of each year. These shall contain identification of each generating
unit/line/ICT, the preferred date for each outage and its duration and where there is flexibility, the
earliest start date and latest finishing date.
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c) RPC Secretariat shall then come out with a draft outage programme for the next financial year by
31st December of each year for the Regional grid taking into account the available resources in an
optimal manner and to maintain security standards. This will be done after carrying out necessary
system studies and, if necessary, the outage programmes shall be rescheduled. Adequate balance
between generation and load requirement shall be ensured while finalising outage programmes.
The same shall be uploaded by the RPCs on their website.

d) The outage plan shall be finalized in consultation with NLDC, RLDCs and SLDCs. The final
outage plan shall be intimated to NLDC, Users, STUs, CTU, other generating stations connected
to ISTS and the RLDC for implementation by 31st January of each year.

e) The above annual outage plan shall be reviewed by RPC Secretariat on quarterly (March, June,
September & December) and monthly basis in coordination with all parties concerned, and
adjustments made wherever found to be necessary. Monthly review of the outage plan for the
current month and consecutive month would be done in the Operation Coordination Committee
(OCC) of RPC meeting and RPC would issue the revised outage plan to all constituents and
RLDC/NLDC/SLDC.

f) In case of emergency in the system, viz., loss of generation, break down of transmission line
affecting the system, grid disturbances, system isolation, RLDC may conduct studies again before
clearance of the planned outage.

g) The NLDC/RLDC shall be authorized to defer/ cancel any planned outage involving
lines/elements in case of any of the following taking into account statutory requirements:

i. Grid disturbances
ii. System isolation
iii. Partial Black out in a state
iv. Any other event in the system that may have an adverse impact on the system security by the
proposed outage.

h) The detailed generation and transmission outage programmes shall be based on the latest annual
outage plan (with all adjustments made to date).

i) Each User, CTU and STU shall obtain the final approval from RLDC/NLDC prior to availing an
outage.

j) RPCs shall submit quarterly, half-yearly reports to the Commission indicating deviation in outages
from the plan along with reasons. These reports shall also be put up on the RPC website.

k) A Draft procedure for coordinated transmission element outage planning is proposed by NLDC to
all RPCs through letter dt. 28
th
February 2013. Subsequently, a letter dt 05-07-2013 also sent to
RPCs. It is given in Annexure IX. And after getting approval from all the RPCs, it should be
implemented. The draft procedure aims to streamline the process of outage coordination between
SLDCs, RLDCs, NLDC, RPCs and Indenting Agencies.

4.5 Availing Outage

a) NLDC/RLDC would review the outage schedule on daily basis and in case of any contingency or
any conditions described under IEGC clause 5.7.4(g), defer any planned outage as deemed fit. The
revised dates in such case would be finalized in consultation with the concerned constituents or
OCC meetings.
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b) In case of any outage affecting more than one constituent in one or more than one region, the
information about the approval / deferment shall be communicated by RLDC to all such affected
constituents in consultation with NLDC.

c) Before availing any planned or unforeseen outage of any important elements as per Annexure VIII
the indenting utility shall request for a code on real-time from NLDC through respective RLDC
under whose supervisory area the utility remains. NLDC shall issue a common code to concerned
RLDCs involving regional grids on either end of the line. Respective RLDCs may convey their
final code to NLDC as well as their respective utilities involved on either ends of the transmission
line/equipment. All preparatory works for availing outage must be done in advance before actually
availing code. In the same manner code must be obtained in real-time from NLDC by concerned
utility through its RLDC before restoration/revival of the line/element. Respective RLDCs shall
convey their final code to NLDC for confirmatory exchange with other RLDCs involved. RLDC
would ensure that the outage availed should come into service as per the scheduled time. Delays
with reasons thereof if any should be immediately reported to NLDC in advance. During shutdown
RLDC may concur for extension of such shutdown after reviewing the grid conditions and status
of shutdown.

d) The code issued by NLDC / RLDCs for opening / restoration of line / element is consent from
operational point of view notwithstanding anything contained in respect of safety measures and
switching operations that may be carried out locally. All safety measures related to sub-station
and/or transmission lines shall be the responsibility of the personnel authorized to execute the
work.

e) During the approved shutdown of line/ICT, any other opportunity based maintenance work by the
concerned agencies to be carried out only after getting the consent of RLDC/NLDC.

4.6 Outage Planning Procedures for NLDC Important elements

i) In order to maintain the security of the Integrated power system, it is important that the planned
outage of generation and transmission system particularly in the important flow-gates, Important
grid elements and inter regional transmission links are properly coordinated.

ii) Reliable operation of the All India grid is important from the view point of Quality Of Service
(QoS) to the customers and other stakeholders. Proper co-ordination of transmission outages in
the system is one of the key aspects to ensuring reliability. Outages in the transmission network
could either be on account of planned maintenance activities or construction related activities or
any emergency conditions arising in the field. Since these may have an impact across two or
more regions and hence needs to be planned by the concerned regions in consultation with
NLDC. Proper coordination of the same is important mainly due to the following factors:

a. Reliability of operation of the All India grid
b. Certainty to the electricity markets.
c. Proper crew resource mobilization at the work sites to ensure that outage time is minimized.

iii) In order to ensure the same, the following procedures may kindly be followed by all
RLDCs/NLDC.

1) Following outages might be approved only after concurrence of NLDC. This is enclosed as
Annexure VIII

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All inter-regional links irrespective of voltage level.
HVDC systems and all lines operating at 765kV, & 765kV ICTS, Reactors.
All outages necessitating change in TTC and/or curtailment of transactions.
Trans National Links

2) At the RPC level, outages are finalized in the Operation Coordination sub Committee (OCC). A list
of the shutdowns approved by OCC may be forwarded by each RLDC to the Reliability
Coordinators of each RLDC and NLDC by email immediately after OCC approval.

3) On a daily basis (say day D), by 1030 hours each RLDC would forward a list of outages planned for
their respective regions for the D + 3
rd
day by email to the Reliability Coordinators of each
RLDC/NLDC along with the study results.

4) The NLDC Reliability Coordinators would further assess the impact of these outages on the overall
reliability of the all India grid and concurrence of outages under categories listed at (1) above would
be conveyed by NLDC within a day.

5) All planned shutdowns on the next day would be reviewed a day in advance of the shutdown.
RLDCs would try to ensure that no new element gets added to the list provided three days in
advance at Sl. no. 3 above as far as possible, unless the outage is of an emergency nature.

6) A list of all the outages approved for the next day would be readily available at each RLDC/NLDC
control room along with simulation results, if any and the precautions required to be taken.

7) In real time if any emergency requirement of outage occurs in real time, RLDCs would inform
NLDC and actions taken accordingly in real time. RLDCs/NLDC might devise separate internal
procedures for fast co-ordination between their respective Control Rooms and Reliability Co-
ordinators in real time.

8) Any deviation in the outage from the schedule can affect other planned outages as well as affect
reliability and also the electricity markets. RLDCs may impress on the agencies intending for an
outage to strictly adhere to the shutdown timings.

9) A record may be kept of outage overshooting the approved time of return to bring in seriousness
and to avoid market distortion.

10) It is therefore necessary to carry out operational studies in order to assess the grid security and
network stability while finalizing the annual outage plan of these important elements.

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5. Defence Mechanisms

5.1 General

5.1.1 Well designed and healthy defence mechanism is a pre requisite for secure operation of the
interconnected system. Despite the utmost caution exercised during operational planning and
implementing all the above steps for improvement of network security and reliability, the
possibility of a contingent situation cannot be totally eliminated.

5.1.2 It calls for suitable defence mechanism to be available in the system to take care of such
contingencies. Following are the minimum schemes which should be operational to ensure safe
and secure grid operation

5.2 Unit Protection System

5.2.1 In line with the regulation 3 (e) of the CEA (Grid Standards) regulation 2010 all regional entities
shall provide standard protection systems having reliability, selectivity, speed and sensitivity to
isolate the faulty equipment and protect all components from any type of faults, within the
specified fault clearance time and shall provide protection coordination as specified by the
Regional Power Committee.

5.2.2 Protection audit of the substations shall be carried out by the respective utilities on a regular basis
as advised in Protection coordination committee meetings.

5.2.3 As per 3 (e) of CEA (Grid Standard) regulation 2010, the fault clearance time shall be within the
time mentioned in table below:
Table 1: Fault Clearance time
Sl.
No
Nominal System
Voltage in kV rms
Maximum time of fault
clearing in ms
1 765 and 400 100
2 220 and 132 160

All substations of 220 kV and above shall be equipped with breaker fail protection and bus bar
protection scheme. Non clearance of the fault by a circuit breaker within the time limit mentioned
above, the breaker fail protection shall initiate tripping of all other breakers in the concerned bus-
section to clear the fault in next 200 milliseconds.

5.3 Flat Frequency and Rate of Change of Frequency Relay

5.3.1 In line with clause 5.2(n) of IEGC, all regional entities shall provide Automatic Under Frequency
Load Shedding in their respective system to arrest frequency decline that could result in a
collapse / disintegration of the grid as per the scheme formulated by concerned RPC forum and
shall ensure its effective application and functionality at all times to prevent cascade tripping of
generating units in case of any contingency.

5.3.2 All Entities shall set their under frequency (UF) Relays and rate of change of frequency with time
Relays in their respective systems, in accordance with the plan made by the Regional Power
Committee, to provide adequate load relief for grid security and ensure the operation of these
relays at the set frequencies.

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5.3.3 Under-frequency and rate of change of frequency (UFR & df/dt) are envisaged to take care of
sudden contingencies arising out of outage of generation stations or separation of inter-regional
lines. UFRs setting are for steady state operation of the grid at considerably low frequency and
df/dt settings are for fast change in frequency due to large generation outage.

5.3.4 SLDCs shall submit a detailed report of operation of these Relays at different frequencies to
Regional Load Despatch Centre and Regional Power Committee on monthly basis and the
Regional Power Committees shall carry out inspection of these Relays as and when required.

5.3.5 In line with regulation 5.4.2 (e) of IEGC, the interruptible loads in a control area shall be arranged
in four groups of load,
For scheduled power cuts/load shedding,
loads for unscheduled load shedding,
loads to be shed through under frequency relays/(df/dt) relays and
Loads to be shed under any System Protection Scheme identified at the RPC level.

These loads shall be grouped in a manner, that there is no overlapping between different groups of
loads. This would ensure that the automatic relief through these relays would be available to the
system under all conditions.

Under Frequency Relay ( UFR) Load shedding, df/dt load shedding in different regions is given in
Annexure X. CEA has revised the UFR settings for NEW grid as per the discussion at the 2
nd
meeting
of National Power Committee(NPC) held on 16
th
July, 2013. It is to be implemented within three
months. It is also given in the Annexure X.

5.4 Under Voltage Load Shedding Scheme

As per Cl. 5.3 (t) of IEGC, all Users, CTU and STUs shall provide adequate voltage control
measures through voltage relay as finalized by RPC, to prevent voltage
collapse and shall ensure its effective application to prevent voltage collapse/ cascade tripping.

5.5 System Protection Scheme

5.5.1 The complexities in Indian electric power system operation are increasing day by day. The size of
the grid has expanded manifold and is on a high growth phase.
As per Cl. 5.3 (t) of IEGC, All Users, STU/SLDC, CTU/RLDC and NLDC, shall also facilitate
identification, installation and commissioning of System Protection Schemes (SPS) (including
inter-tripping and run-back) in the power system to operate the transmission system closer to their
limits and to protect against situations such as voltage collapse and cascade tripping, tripping of
important corridors/flow-gates etc. Such schemes would be finalized by the concerned RPC
forum, and shall always be kept in service. If any SPS is to be taken out of service, permission of
RLDC shall be obtained indicating reason and duration of anticipated outage from service

5.5.2 As per Indian Electricity Grid Code(IEGC), interstate transmission system(ISTS) shall be capable
of withstanding and be secured against the certain outages without necessitating load shedding or
rescheduling of generation during steady state operation. These include outage of a 132 kV D/C
line or Outage of a 220 kV D/C line or Outage of a 400 kV S/C line or Outage of a single ICT or
Outage of one pole of HVDC bipole or Outage of 765 kV S/C line.

5.5.3 The aforesaid contingencies would be superimposed over a planned outage of another 220kV D/C
line or 400 kV S/C line in another corridor and not emanating from the same substation. ISTS
shall be capable of withstanding the loss of most severe single system infeed without loss of
stability. It has also been stated that any one of the aforesaid events shall not cause loss of supply,
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abnormal Disturbances cause discomfort to the people as well as results into huge economic
loss. Therefore, in addition to conventional unit protection system few System Protection
Schemes (SPS) are also desirable for safe and reliable operation of the power system.
The main objective of SPS is to preserve the integrity of the electric system by using automatic
measures that are simple, reliable and safe for the system as a whole and to provide the most
extensive coverage against all possible extreme credible contingencies. frequency on sustained
basis, unacceptable high or low voltage, system instability, unacceptable overloading of ISTS
elements.

5.5.4 As per the IEGC or transmission planning criteria, the system is not designed for 400 kV double
circuit line or outage of HVDC bipole. In practice it has been observed that there are some
contingencies happening in the system resulting in outage of multiple elements for which
system is not designed.

5.5.5 Outage of a large capacity link between two distant nodes in a synchronously interconnected
system may result into excessive loading on parallel AC lines, severe drop in voltage profile,
power oscillations and finally leading to a major blackout or brown out in the system, in case
instantaneous corrective actions are not in place. On the other hand similar outage in an
asynchronously connected system may result into load generation imbalance on either side of
the link.

5.5.6 Disturbances like loss of load, loss of generation or loss of transmission line in large grid may
cause wide variations in frequency, voltage & load angles. Originating causes of grid failure may
be due to equipment failure (including those of protective systems), human error and cascade
tripping or large scale disturbances due to weather and/or natural calamities.

In view of the above System Protection Schemes have been designed and implemented. These
involve predefined generation backing down as well as load shedding under selected
contingencies.

The details of SPS schemes have been described in detail in Annexure XI.

5.6 Islanding Scheme

5.6.1 In order to isolate the healthy subsystems following a large-scale disturbance, few generating
stations/Users and State Utilities have implemented islanding schemes. To avoid total black out of
the grid during system disturbances and for early normalisation, the procedure for islanding of
systems and major generating stations with associated loads need to be developed constituent
wise/system wise.
5.6.2 As per CEA grid standards, the Regional Power Committees shall prepare Islanding schemes for
separation of systems with a view to save healthy system from total collapse in case of grid
disturbance.
5.6.3 As per CEA grid standards, Islanding Scheme means a scheme for the separation of the Grid into
two or more independent systems as a last resort, with a view to save healthy portion of the Grid
at the time of grid disturbance.

Users/utilities intending to implement any islanding schemes for their station may do so in
consultation with RLDC and RPCs secretariat.
The details of islanding schemes have been described in detail in Annexure XII.

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6. Collective Transaction Procedures

6.1.0 Introduction

6.1.1 With the implementation of Honble CERC order on Short Term Open Access(STOA), bilateral
exchanges / collective transactions have provided a suitable edge to constituents in planning and
minimizing the gaps in demand and availability. As per CERC, Open Access regulations dated
25.01.2008 and subsequent (Amendment) Regulations, 2009 dated 20.5.2009, CTU has
prepared a detailed procedure for scheduling of bilateral and collective transactions
(Available on website of all RLDCs/ NLDC and CTU).

6.1.2 The Procedures shall apply to the Applications made for Scheduling of Collective Transactions
by availing of Short-Term Open Access for use of the transmission lines or associated facilities
with such lines on the inter- State transmission system.

6.2.0 Collective Transaction Procedure
6.2.1 Collective transactions are implemented through power exchanges. National Load Dispatch
Center is the nodal agency for such transactions. Applications under collective transactions are
day ahead.
6.2.2 State Utilities and intra state entities participating in trading through Power Exchange shall
obtain standing Standing Clearance / No Objection Certificate from respective State Load
Despatch Centres (SLDCs) as per format PX-I specified by CTU in the procedure of scheduling
of collective transactions.
6.2.3 List of regional entities shall be displayed on the website of RLDC. Similarly each SLDC shall
display the list of intra state entities of their state on their website.
6.2.4 Final schedule for collective transactions is obtained after coordinated operations between
NLDC, RLDC and Power Exchange.
6.2.5 All data between NLDC and Power Exchange(s) shall be exchanged electronically through a
dedicated communication channel.
6.3.0 Time Line For Submission / Processing
i) RLDCs shall furnish Available Transmission Capacity (ATC) of respective Region for next day
to NLDC at 0900 Hrs of each day. NLDC shall convey the same to Power Exchange by 11:00
Hrs.
ii) Power Exchange shall furnish provisional interchange on various interfaces/regions/control areas
as intimated by NLDC and information of total drawal and injection in each of the regions by
1300Hrs to NLDC.
iii) PowerExchange(s) shall ensure that Scheduling Request for Collective Transactionis within the
limits for each time block as intimated by NLDC. Further, Power Exchange(s) shall ensure that
the Scheduling Request is within the limits for each time block specified by respective SLDCs
in the Concurrence or No Objection or Prior Standing Clearance (submitted by State
Utilities/intra-State Entities to Power Exchange(s)).
iv) NLDC shall check for congestion. In case of congestion NLDC shall intimate Power Exchange
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regarding the period of congestion and available margins at 14.00 hrs.
v) If there is no congestion, at 1600 Hrs. Power Exchanges to send the application for scheduling
of collective transaction to NLDC.(As per Format-PX-II of procedure of scheduling of
collective transactions). Details of scheduling request for collective transaction shall also be
submitted by Power Exchange to NLDC (as per Format-PX-III of procedure of scheduling of
collective transactions).
vi) At 1600 Hrs. NLDC shall send details to RLDC for final checking.
vii) At 1700 Hrs. RLDC will confirm its acceptance.
viii) At 1730 Hrs. NLDC shall convey acceptance of scheduling to Power Exchange.
ix) At 1800 Hrs. RLDC shall incorporate schedule of collective transaction in the day-ahead
schedule.
6.4.0 Implementation of Collective Transaction
6.4.1 Schedule of collective transaction shall be accommodated by RLDC in the day ahead schedule.
All buyers within a particular state are clubbed together as one group and all sellers within a
state are clubbed together as another group.
6.4.2 Individual transactions for state utilities / intra state entities shall be scheduled by the respective
SLDCs.
6.4.3 While finalizing the drawal schedule / injection schedule of entities, each transaction shall have a
resolution of 0.01 MW at each state / inter regional boundaries.
6.5.0 Payment Terms For Collective Transaction
6.5.1 Power Exchanges shall pay collective transaction charges to NLDC.
6.5.2 Following charges for use of inter-state transmission system and scheduling at regional level
shall be payable to NLDC:
(i) Application fees: Non-refundable application fee of Rs. 5000/- to be paid along with the
application
(ii) Operating charges: Rs. 5000/- per entity. All Buyers within a state is clubbed together into
one group and all Sellers within a State are clubbed together into another group. Each Buyer
group and each Seller group is considered as separate entities.

(iii) In case of default in payment, NLDC at its discretion may suspend scheduling of transaction
and/or terminate already scheduled transaction and/or may not consider any such application in
future. Simple interest at the rate of 0.04% for each day of default shall be payable by Power
Exchange to NLDC.

6.5.3 NLDC reconciles the Open Access charges collected during the previous month and shall disburse
the same by 10
th
day of the current month.

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6.6.0 Curtailment of Short Term Open Access Transaction
6.6.1 Curtailment of STOA transactions becomes necessary in the event of real time congestion in
transmission corridor. Bilateral transactions are curtailed first followed by collective
transactions and long-term transactions.
6.6.2 Bilateral Transaction shall also be curtailed or cancelled by RLDC, if the Central Government
allocates power from ISGS in one region, to an entity in another region and such allocation
cannot otherwise be implemented due to congestion in the Inter-regional corridor.
6.6.3 Transmission charges in case of curtailment of bilateral transactions shall be payable on pro-rata
basis. Operating charges shall not be revised.
6.6.4 In case of Collective transactions curtailment is done in consultation with NLDC by respective
RLDC at the periphery of regional entities. SLDCs shall further incorporate the curtailment of
intra-state entities to implement the curtailment.
6.6.5 Transmission charges in case of curtailment of collective transactions shall be payable on pro-
rata basis in accordance with the finally implemented schedule. Operating charges shall not be
revised.
6.6.6 Settlement of charges in case of curtailment shall be directly between Power Exchange and the
participants. NLDCs/RLDCs/SLDCs shall only interact with Power Exchange.

6.7.0 Bilateral Short Term open access:- The detailed procedure of Short Term Open Access
bilateral transaction is available in the operating procedure of each RLDC. STOA bilateral
transactions are scheduled according to this procedure.
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7. Scheduling and Despatch Procedures

7.1 Overview
7.1.1 This scheduling and despatch code will be applicable to NLDC, RLDC/SLDCs, ISGS,
Distribution Licensees / SEBs/ STUs / regional entities, Power Exchanges, wind and solar
generating stations and other concerned persons in the National and Regional grid.

This code deals with the procedures to be adopted for scheduling of the net injection / drawals of
concerned regional entities on a day ahead basis with the modality of the flow of information
between the NLDC / RLDCs / SLDCs/Power Exchange and regional entities
In context to the Indian electrical grid, apart from scheduling Inter State Generating Stations
(ISGS), drawal schedules of SLDCs are also required to be in place. Under decentralized market
mechanism practiced in India, the power system under each SLDC constitutes a notional control
area in which the states have full operational autonomy and their SLDCs shall have the total
responsibility for scheduling and despatch of their own generation including generation of their
captive licensees, regulating the demand of their customers, scheduling their drawal from ISGS,
arranging any bilateral exchanges and regulating their real-time drawal from the regional grid.

7.1.2 The revised IEGC 2010 facilitates methodology for scheduling of wind and solar power also.
This code provides the methodology for rescheduling of wind and solar energy on three (3)
hourly basis and the methodology of compensating the wind and solar energy rich State for
dealing with the variable generation through a Renewable Regulatory charge.

7.1.3 Section 6.4 of the IEGC details the demarcation of responsibilities and principles and
guidelines to be followed for the purpose of scheduling and despatch. This chapter describes
the procedure for scheduling with the treatment to be accorded for special conditions.

7.1.4 As per section 28(3)(a), the Electricity Act 2003, the RLDCs shall be responsible for optimum
scheduling and despatch of electricity within the region, in accordance with the contracts entered
into with the licensees or generating companies operating in the region. The system of each
regional entity shall be operated as a notional control area and the regional grids shall be
operated as power pools with decentralized scheduling and despatch [IEGC-6.4.5 and 6.4.6].
7.2 .0 General
7.2.1 For the purpose of scheduling, each day(24 hours) would be divided into 96 blocks of 15-
minutes duration each and for each block, RLDCs would intimate each SLDCs the drawl
schedule and to each ISGS the generation schedule in advance as outlines below:

7.2.2 The net drawl schedule of any Regional Entity would be the sum of the ex-PP schedule from
different ISGS and the total Open Access (both long term, medium term and short term)
exchanges agreed with other constituent States in the region or outside the region minus the
estimated transmission loss. The power system under each Regional Entity constitutes a
notional control area and hence the Regional Entity would be required to maintain their
actual drawl from the grid close to such net drawl schedule by regulating own generation
and / or customers load particularly when frequency is going below 49.7 Hz or going above
50.2 Hz.

7.2.3 The despatch schedule of each ISGS / UMPP / ISTS shall be some of the requisitions made by
each of the beneficiaries, restricted to their entitlements and subject to the maximum and
minimum value criteria and any other technical constraints as indicated by RLDC.

7.2.4 Clause 5.2.(m) of IEGC stipulates the grid frequency operation in the band of 49.7-50.2 Hz.
Regions shall endeavour to maintain their drawl in such a manner such that they do not
overdraw from the grid whenever the frequency is below 49.8 Hz and do not under draw
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whenever the frequency is above 50.2 Hz. Similarly, each ISGS shall also endeavour to
maintain their generation in such a manner that they do not generate above schedule at
frequency above 50.2 Hz and do not generate below schedule at frequency below 49.7 Hz.

7.2.5 RPCs Secretariat would ensure that any change in the allocations from each ISGS is finalized
and intimated to all concerned at least 24 hours in advance to facilitate trading of such
capacity if required. This is in line with spirit of clause 5.1.3 of the ABT order of CERC.

7.2.6 The scheduling and despatch procedure for the generating stations of Bhakra Baes Management
Board (BBMB) shall be as per the procedures formulated by the BBMB in consultation with
NRLDC.
7.2.7 Similarly, the scheduling and despatch procedure for the generating stations of Sardar Sarovar
Project (SSP) shall be as per the procedures formulated by the WRLDC in consultation with
Narmada Control Authority (NCA).

7. 3 Scheduling and Despatch Procedure
7.3.1 By 0800 hrs of every day, each ISGS shall advise RLDCs the station-wise ex-PP MW and
MWh capabilities foreseen for the next day in 96 time blocks.

7.3.2 RLDC shall intimate the MW and MWh entitlements for each State during the following day
by 1000 hrs in 96 time blocks.

7.3.3 RLDC will communicate to NLDC, the ATC Margins for Export and Import of complete 96 time
blocks to facilitate Collective Transactions by Power Exchanges (PX) as per STOA Regulations.

7.3.4 All the drawing regional entities shall review their availability including Short Term Open
Access (STOA) vis--vis foreseen demand and by 1500 hours would advise RLDC their
requisition in each of the regional ISTS Control Area generating stations along with the
already approved STOA transactions. While indicating their station-wise requisitions RLDCs
must ensure that the step change should not cause ramp-up / ramp-down of the ISGS / HVDC
in order to avoid sudden steep excursions in system frequency.

7.3.5 NLDC will send the trade schedule details to respective RLDCs for final checking and for
accommodating them in their final schedule at 1600 hrs. RLDCs shall prepare final schedule for
the collective transactions and communicate to NLDC by 1700 hrs.
7.3.6 AT 17.30 hrs. NLDC shall confirm the acceptance of collective transactions schedule prepared by
RLDCs to Power Exchange. At 1800 hrs. PXs shall send the detailed break up of each point of
injection and each point of drawal within the state to concerned SLDC for scheduling.

7.3.7 By 1800 hours, RLDC shall convey to each regional ISTS Control Area generating stations
the generation schedule i.e., ex-PP despatch schedule and to each drawing Regional Entities
the net drawl schedule that is the schedule at the periphery of the State after deducting the
apportioned estimated transmission losses.

7.3.8 RLDCs shall club together all buyers within a State and all seller within a State for the
purpose of scheduling of regional entities.

7.3.9 The SLDCs / Regional ISTS Control Area generating stations / drawing Regional Entities may
inform the modifications / changes to be made if any in the above schedule to RLDCs by 2200
hrs.

7.3.10 RLDCs shall issue the final generation / drawl schedule to each Regional ISTS Control
Area generating stations / drawing Regional Entities by 2300 hrs.

7.3.11 RLDCs will ensure following points while preparing the schedule:

7.3.11.1 The final drawl / despatch schedule shall not give rise to any transmission constraints.
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In case of such constraints, RLDCs shall moderate the schedule to the required extent.

7.3.11.2 The final drawl /despatch s c h e d u l e s shall b e o p e r a t i o n a l l y r e a s o n a b l e particularly
in terms of ramping up / ramping down rates and ratio between minimum and maximum
generation levels. In case of such problem, RLDCs shall moderate the schedule to the
required extent.

7.3.11.3 The procedure to be followed for STOA collective agreements has already been indicated in
Chapter-6.
7.3.11.4 NLDC will continuously check the schedules of all interregional exchange received from
each RLDCs and ensure that they are matching to each other. If any mismatch, then NLDC
will communicate to corresponding RLDCs to rectify the same.

7.4 . Revision of Schedules
7.4.1 In case of a forced outage of a unit, RLDC will revise the schedules on the basis of revised
DC. The revised schedule will become effective from the 4
th
time block counting the time
block in which the revision is advised by the generator to be the first one.

7.4.2 In the event of a situation arising out of bottle neck in evacuation of power due to transmission
constraints, RLDC shall revise the schedule which shall become effective from the 4
th
time
block counting the time block in which the transmission constraint has been brought to the
notice of RLDCs as a first one. During the first three time blocks, the schedules shall deem
to have been revised to be equal to the actual generation of ISGS and drawl by the States.

7.4.3 In case of transmission constraints, curtailment shall be done by RLDC in following
priority:

i) Inter-regional UI if any.

ii) STOA, if any on pro-rata basis
iv) Collective transactions
v) Medium term customers
iv) Long term customers on pro-rata basis

Only the curtailments relieving congestion will be done.

7.4.4 Revision of declared capability by generator and requisition by the beneficiaries
for the remaining period of the day shall be permitted with advance notice. Revised
schedules / declared capability in such cases shall become effective from the 6
th
time block
counting the time block in which the request for revision has been received by RLDC to be the
first one.

7.4.5 If at any point of time, RLDCs observes that there is need for revision of schedules in the
interest of better system operation, it may do so on its own and in such cases, the revised
schedules shall become effective from the 4
th
time block counting the time block in which the
revised schedule is issued by RLDC to be the first one.

7.4.6 On completion of the operating day, the final schedule as implemented shall be issued by
RLDCs after incorporating all before the fact changes during the day of operation.

7.5 Exchange of Information

In order to avoid any adverse commercial effect on the ISGS/SLDCs, the need for a reliable
and fast communication arrangements for exchange of information in respect of
scheduling need not be over emphasized.

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7.5.1 The revision of schedule would be required under the following conditions as detailed at 7.4

i) Forced outage of an Regional ISTS Contro Area generating stations

ii) Transmission constraints resulting in output reduction in any ISGS

iii) Revision of DC by any Regional ISTS Control Area generating stations

iv) Revision of requisition by any beneficiary Regional Entity

v) Suo Moto revision by RLDC in the interest of better system operation

As the time available for schedule revision is limited (half an hour to one hour only), some of
the steps mentioned above would be skipped for e.g., in cases i), ii) & iii) above, there need
not be any fresh requisition from the beneficiaries and RLDC would assume as follows:

a) On occasions of downward revision:

The beneficiary Regional Entity requisition will be deemed as earlier MW requirement or
maximum revised entitlement whichever is less.

b) On occasion of upward revision:

The beneficiary Regional Entity requisition will be deemed as earlier MW requirement if
there was under-requisition by the constituents prior to the revision otherwise the
constituents requirement will be deemed as full revised entitlement.

7.5.2 In view of large volume of information needed to be exchanged in a time bound manner,
the transfer of information between RLDCs and other constituents i.e., constituent States
and ISGS will be carried out on internet only. However, in case of contingencies like
internet failure etc., the transfer of information could be effected through alternate mode i.e.,
fax / telephone on request of concerned SLDC/ISGS.

7.5.3 The ISGS and all beneficiaries shall get the information at the RLDCs website with
regard to scheduling by continuous access to RLDC website and download the generation /
drawl / STOA schedules.

7.5.4 At the end of the day, the final schedule as implemented after incorporating all before the fact
changes during the day of operation shall be made available by RLDCs in the website and can
be downloaded by the constituents.

7.5.5 Scheduling of Wind and Solar generation shall be done as per IEGC clause 6.5.23 & CERC
Order No 209/2011. w.e.f 01.07.2013

7.5.6 The conventional voice / fax arrangement would act as back-up in case of failure of PC -to-PC
communication link through INTERNET.

7.5.7 No link wise schedule at inter regional level.

7.6 Inter Regional Schedule

NLDC would be separately working out a mechanism for approval of interregional STOA
transactions at NLDC level, for preparing net interregional schedules and inter regional UI
computations. This would however involve need for amending the Open Access Regulations of
CERC for dispersing with path specific approvals, amendments to IEGC & UI Regulation so as
to have a National Pool Account etc..

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8. Grid Disturbances and Revival Procedures

8.0 Objective

The objective of this chapter is to facilitate restoration and resynchronization of affected
systems in the wake of grid disturbance in the shortest possible time taking into consideration
all essential requirements like traction loads, Hospital loads, core sector industrial loads,
Nuclear power stations, generation capability and the operational constraints of transmission
system.

8.1 Overview

a) A grid disturbance is a power system state under which a set of generating units /
transmission elements trip in an abrupt and unplanned manner affecting the power supply in a
large area and / or causing the system parameters to deviate from the normal values in a
wide range. In the event of a grid disturbance, highest priority is to be accorded to early
restoration / revival of the system.

b) As per CEA regulations on Grid standards 2010,
(a)Grid disturbance means tripping of one or more power system elements of the grid like a
generator, transmission line, transformer, shunt reactor, series capacitor and Static VAR
Compensator, resulting in total failure of supply at a sub-station or loss of integrity of the
grid, at the level of transmission system at 220 kV and above.
(b) Grid incident means tripping of one or more power system elements of the grid like a
Compensator, which requires re-scheduling of generation or load, without total loss of
supply at a sub-station or loss of integrity of the grid at 220 kV and above.

c) During restoration, it is possible that system may have to be operated with reduced
security standards and under suspension of all commercial incentives / penalties. This
chapter forms the guidelines for classifications of disturbances into different categories
for the purpose of analysis and reporting. In case of a Grid disturbance in any of the
region/regions, NLDC shall inform to the other regions about the disturbance and extent all
possible support to the affected region.

d) List of generating stations with black start facility, inter-State/interregional ties, synchronizing
points and essential loads to be restored on priority, shall be prepared and be available with
NLDC, RLDC and SLDC.

e) Detailed plans & procedures for restoration of the regional grid under partial/total blackout shall
be developed by RLDC in consultation with NLDC, all users, STU, SLDC, CTU and RPC
Secretariat and shall be reviewed /updated annually.

f) Detailed plans and procedures for restoration after partial/total blackout of each
Users/STU/CTU system within a Region, will be finalized by the concerned Users/STU/CTU
in coordination with the RLDC. The procedure will be reviewed, confirmed and/or revised once
every subsequent year. Mock trial runs of the procedure for different subsystems shall be carried
out by the Users/CTU/STU at least once every six months under intimation to the RLDC.

g) Diesel Generator sets for black start would be tested on weekly basis and test report shall be sent
to RLDC on quarterly basis.

h) Detailed Restoration Procedures for restoration of integrated/national grid prepared by NLDC
shall be made available at NLDC control room. RLDCs Restoration manual also be available at
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NLDC control room and referred during grid disturbances for reliable and quick restoration.

8.2 Classification of Grid disturbances/Incidents

8.2.1 The classifications of grid disturbances in increasing order of severity as per CEA Grid Standards
is given below:-
i) Category-GD-1: When less than ten percent of the antecedent generation or load in a regional
grid is lost;
ii) Category-GD-2: When ten percent. to less than twenty percent of the antecedent generation or
load in a regional grid is lost.
iii) Category-GD-3: When twenty percent. to less than thirty per cent. of the antecedent generation
or load in a regional grid is lost
iv) Category-GD-4: When thirty percent. to less than forty per cent. of the antecedent
generation or load in a regional grid is lost
v) Category-GD-5: When forty percent. or more of the antecedent generation or load in a regional
grid is lost.

8.2.2 The classifications of grid incidents in increasing order of severity as per CEA Grid Standards is
given below:-

i) Category-GI-1: Tripping of one or more power system elements of the grid like a
Compensator, which requires re-scheduling of generation or load, without total loss of
supply at a sub-station or loss of integrity of the grid at 220 kV (132 kV in the case of
North-Eastern Region);
ii) Category-GI-2: Tripping of one or more power system elements of the grid like a generator,
transmission line, transformer, shunt reactor, series capacitor and Static VAR Compensator,
which requires re-scheduling of generation or load, without total loss of supply at a sub-station
or loss of integrity of the grid at 400 kV and above (220 kV and above in the case of North-
Eastern Region).

8.2.3 In any case, if only one state system or one ISGS is affected, the schedules would not be
suspended but only revised.

8.2.4 In case of transmission constraints, curtailment shall be done by RLDCs on following
priority:

First : Inter Regional UI, if any
Second : STOA, if any on pro-rata basis, bilateral transactions
Third : Collective transactions
Last : Medium term & Long Term Customers on pro-rata basis

8.2.5 All communication channels required for restoration process shall be used for operational
communication only, till grid normalcy is restored.

8.3 System Revival

8.3.1 The general guidelines and precautions to be followed during system revival are
indicated below:

i) While building up the system, it would be ensured that the voltage at the charging end
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remains within limits.

ii) Security of the network being built up would be strengthened at the earliest b y c l o s i n g t h e
pa r a l l e l lines available in the restoration path.

iii) Priority would be accorded for extending supply to Railway tractions, Mines and
installations where safety is of paramount important such as Nuclear power stations

iv) All swi t chi ng i nst r uct i ons f or a particular system have to emanate from a single
agency i.e. SLDC/CPCC as the case may be. For synchronization of two systems within a
region, RLDC would be the coordinating agency and for interregional synchronisation NLDC
would be the co-ordinating agency.

v) During revival, only authorized personnel would be present in Control room of substation /
power station / SLDC / RLDC / NLDC so as to expedite restoration.

vi) In l i n e wi t h s e c t i o n 6.8(e) of I E GC, a l l c o mmu n i c a t i o n channels for
restoration process shall be used for operational communication only until the grid normalcy is
restored.

vii) FGMO/RGMO and generators with excitation control would help in proper
frequency/voltage control.

viii) Synchronising facility shall be made available at major grid substations so as to have
flexibility in choosing the point of synchronization.

ix) All SLDCs / ISTS / RLDC / NLDC shall make available a copy of the latest Recovery
Procedures for ready reference to their operating staff in Control room.

x) In case of disturbance or any other contingency in any region, NLDC shall exchange of such
power with the neighbouring region on Unscheduled Interchange (UI) basis, needed to meet the
essential load, start-up-power, railway traction and other such emergent requirements for the
duration of such contingencies.

xi) The RLDC is authorized during the restoration process following a black out, to operate with
reduced security standards for voltage and frequency as necessary in order to achieve the fastest
possible recovery of the grid.

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9. Event Information and Reporting Procedure

9.0 Objective

a) The objective of this section is to define the incidents to be reported, the reporting route to be
followed and information to be supplied in order to ensure consistent approach in reporting of
the events/incidents.

b) This section deals with reporting procedures in respect of events in the system to all Users/STU/
CTU, RPC Secretariat and NLDC/RLDC/SLDC. The reporting procedure shall be in
accordance with the relevant CEA/CERC Regulations.

9.1 Overview

a) Timely and accurate reporting and exchange of information plays an important role in grid
operation. This assumes more importance during a disturbance or crisis. Timely and accurate
information flow under such conditions would help people in making an informed decision
and reduces uncertainty.

b) The RLDC/SLDC shall be responsible for reporting events to the Users SLDC/STU,
CTU/NLDC/RLDC/RPC Secretariat as the case may be.

c) All Users, STU, CTU and the SLDC shall be responsible for collection and reporting of all
necessary data to NLDC,RLDC and RPC Secretariat for monitoring, reporting and event analysis
as the case may be.
9.2 Event Information

9.2.1 The significant and abnormal events which are required to be reported are articulated
in clause 5.9.5 of IEGC as listed below:

i) Violation of security standards
ii) Grid indiscipline
iii) Non compliance of NLDC/RLDCs instructions
iv) System islanding / system split
v) Blackout / partial system blackout
vi) Protection failure on any i mpor t ant element the systems
vii) Power system instability
viii) Tripping of any important element like heavily loaded line,
generating unit, ICTs, Reactor, TCSC, SVC of the grid.
ix) Sudden load rejection by any user

9.2.3 Any operation planned to be carried by region which may have an impact on the grid or
on any of the important element, shall be reported by RLDC in advance to NLDC.
9.2.4 Any operation planned to be carried out on the instructions of RLDC which may have an
impact on the system of a constituent/s shall be reported by RLDC to such constituent/s in
advance.
9.2.6 The intimation and the exact time of revival of any important element whether revived after a
tripping or after a prolonged outage will be furnished to RLDC as early as possible by
regional entities. Subsequently, RLDC shall inform the same to NLDC.

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9.3 Reporting system

The details of event reports, grid disturbance/incident reports and periodic reports
to be prepared and issued by constituents / RLDC are as follows:
9.3.1 Event Report and Grid Disturbance/Incident Report (RLDC to NLDC)

Event Reporting
In the event of tripping of important elements of RLDCs/NLDC, whether manual or
automatic, shall be intimated by RLDCs to NLDC in a reasonable time say within 10 to 30
minutes of the incident. Along with the tripping intimation, the reasons for tripping (to the
extent known) and the likely time of restoration shall also be intimated. Such information can
be on telephone, fax or e-mail. The preliminary event report to be submitted by RLDCs to
NLDC within 4 to 6 hours of the occurrence of the event. The detailed event report to be
submitted on next day.

Grid Disturbance/Incident Report
In the event of grid disturbance/grid incidents and any other significant and abnormal events as
per Cl. 9.2.1 above, the constituents whose area / stations get affected in the
Incident/disturbance shall submit a report to RLDC within 24 hours. Along with the report,
clear copies of disturbance recorder (DR), sequential event recorder (SER), data acquisition
system (DAS) outputs, relay flag indications and restoration sequence would be sent to
RLDCs. RLDCs would send the above informations along with detailed tripping analysis to
NLDC not later than three working days of the incident.
RLDCs would send the preliminary report within 4- 6 hours of the Grid Disturbance/Incident to
NLDC.
It is observed that multiple element outages in the system are quite common leading to Grid
Disturbances/Incidents of different severity as per CEA Grid standards. Multiple element
outages are beyond N-1 and N-1-1 criteria. Hence all RLDCs would record all such events. All
delayed fault clearance on system to be flagged and taken up appropriately. Letter issued to all
RLDCs in this regard is attached as Annexue 13.

9.3.3 Weekly Report and Daily Report

A weekly report covering performance of the national/integrated grid in previous week is
prepared by NLDC and the same report shall be available on the website of NLDC for 12 weeks.
NLDC is preparing and uploading the daily report of previous day of performance of All India
System Operation based on the inputs received from RLDCs.

9.3.4 Monthly Report

NLDC is preparing the monthly report covering the performance of national/integrated grid
NLDC sends this report to CERC, CEA, RLDCs and RPCs and it is uploaded in website also.

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10. Switching Coordination

10.1. Overview

Coordination of switching operations in the grid is important for ensuring safety of personnel and
equipment as well as for ensuring adequacy and security of the grid. Before any operation of
important elements under NLDC perspective, is carried out on a User/STU system, the Users,
SLDC, STU, CTU, licensee shall inform RLDC and RLDCs would inform to NLDC.
Before any operation of important elements of the Regional Grid is carried out on a User/STU
system, the Users, SLDC, STU, CTU, licensee shall inform RLDC.

10.2. Switching of System Elements for the First Time

10.2.1 In line with Regulation 6 (1) of the Central Electricity Authority (Grid Standards) regulations
2010, no entity shall introduce or take out an element in the ISTS of Regional Grid without the
concurrence of RLDCs in the form of an operation code. In case a new power system element in
Regional grid is likely to be connected with the Inter-State Transmission System or is to be
energized for the first time, from the ISTS, the applicant User/STU/CTU/licensee shall send a
separate request in advance along (at least one week) with the confirmation of the following:

Acceptance of RLDC with regards to registration as regional entity
Signed Connection Agreement if applicable
Availability of telemetry of station/Element at the RLDC/SLDC
Availability of voice communication with the station at RLDC/SLDC
Interface meter installed and tested by downloading data and forwarding it to RLDC
Single Line Diagram
Healthiness of Protection System/Protection Setting
Statutory clearance has already been obtained

10.2.2 Also NLDC approval to be obtained by respective RLDCs before introducing any new inter
regional elements, 765kV elements, HVDC elements and any element will effect the TTC/ATC in
Inter/Intra Reginal levels and Trans- national elements. Those details to be sent in advance along
with protection details, Telemetry and voice communication details, Single Line Diagrams, Study
details.

10.3. Switching of Important Elements

10.3.1 In line with regulation 5.2 (a, b, c), of the IEGC no part of the Regional grid shall be deliberately
isolated from the rest of the National/Regional grid except under an emergency and conditions in
which such isolation would prevent a total grid collapse and would enable early restoration of
power supply or safety of human life; when serious damage to a costly equipment is imminent and
such isolation would prevent it; when such isolation is specifically instructed by RLDC/NLDC.

10.3.2 Important elements under NLDC perspective is given in Annexure VIII. RLDCs shall obtain
operation code from NLDC before carrying out any switching operation on any of the important
elements under NLDC perspective. RLDCs would ensure that the outage availed should come into
service as per the scheduled time. Delays with reasons thereof if any should be reported to NLDC
in advance.
10.3.3 Important elements of the regional grid, which have a bearing on the network security, is
compiled and issued by respective RLDCs as a separate document. The regional entities, users,
STU, CTU, licensee shall obtain operation code from RLDCs before carrying out any switching
operation on any of the important elements of the Regional grid. Shut down of any 400 kV bus at
substation needs approval of RLDCs.
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10.3.4 In respect of double main and transfer switching scheme at 400 kV substations, RLDCs shall be
informed whenever the 400 kV transfer breaker at any substation is utilized for switching any
line/ICT. In a 400 kV substation/power station switchyard having breaker and a half switching
scheme, outage within the substation (say main or tie circuit breaker) not affecting power flow on
any line/ICT can be availed by the constituents under intimation to RLDCs. However, while
availing such shutdowns or carrying out switching operations it must be ensured that at least two
Dias are complete even after such outage from the view point of network reliability. Any outage
not fulfilling the above conditions needs the approval of RLDCs.
If above mentioned elements are coming under NLDC important elements, RLDCs should
inform/get approval from NLDC.

10.3.5 Whenever any protection system such as Bus Bar protection, LBB protection, Auto reclose etc. at
generating station or grid substation is required to be taken out of service for any maintenance
work, an operational code would be taken from SLDC/RLDCs. NLDCs approval is required if it
comes under NLDC important elements category.

10.3.6 Emergency switching if any have to be carried out and immediately informed to RLDC within a
reasonable time, of ten minutes. Likewise, tripping of any of these important elements should also
be informed to RLDCs within a reasonable time indicating the likely time of restoration. In case
of single phase to ground fault (with low fault current level say <4 kA) one attempt to close the
line would be taken by the transmission utility without waiting for an operation code from
RLDCs. However the tripping and restoration would be intimated to RLDC immediately. Before
charging, all necessary precaution shall be taken care by substation and in coordination with other
end substation. If above mentioned elements are coming under NLDC important elements,
RLDCs should inform/get approval from NLDC.

10.4. Other Precautions to be taken during Switching

In addition to the above, it is necessary that special attention to be paid to maintaining the
reliability of the system. The following areas need careful implementation by the concerned
constituents / stations:

(i) In case of a two-bus system at any substation it must be ensured that the segregation of
feeders on the different buses is uniform. This would help in minimizing the number of
elements lost in case of a bus fault. This is assuming the availability of bus-bar protection
at such substation(s).

(ii) In 400 kV substations having a breaker and a half scheme, it must be ensured that the two
buses at such substation remain connected at least by two parallel paths so that any line /
bus fault does not result in inadvertent multiple outages. In case any element, say a line or
an ICT or a bus reactor, is expected to remain out for a period say beyond two hours at
such substation, the main & tie breakers of such elements should be closed after opening
the line side isolator. This should be done after taking all suitable precautions to avert
inadvertent tripping. This of course assumes that no maintenance is planned on such
breakers / isolators.

(iii) In case when circuit breaker controlling the line is under lockout it is not advisable to
interrupt the changing current through an isolator the following practice to be adopted in
such cases :-

a) De-energise the bus connecting the line with lockout CB and then open the isolator.

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b) If due to some reason it is not possible to open the isolator in above mentioned way,
then open the isolator so that no charging current is interrupted through the isolator
and the charging current is diverted to other parallel path. Such switching sequence
could be possible in case of breaker and half scheme or Double breaker Scheme,
which is as follows:

Open the line from remote end first with direct trip (DT) disabled. With this now
line remains charged from the end where CB has problem.

In case of breaker and half scheme open the isolator so that charging current is
diverted to the parallel path and after that open the CB of parallel path.

In case of double breaker scheme open the isolator of the lockout breaker
diverting the charging current to other CB and then open the CB.

In case of double main and transfer scheme open the isolator of lockout breaker
so that divert the charging current through transfer bus coupler and then open the
line through TBC circuit breaker.

It is also recommended that while vacating a bus in such cases, the operators need to check
the switching arrangement for individual feeders so as to avoid unintended loss of any
feeder.

(iv) The substation operators must ensure the above condition even when any lightly loaded
line is opened to control overvoltage. Such opening of lines is generally superimposed over
other line outages on account of faults created by adverse weather conditions resulting in
reduced security of the system.

(v) Single pole auto-reclose facility on 400 kV / 220 kV lines should always be in service.
RLDCs/NLDCs approval would be required for taking this facility out of service.

(vi) All precautions should be taken to avoid switching on to fault particularly in case of
Interconnecting Transformers. In order to avoid fault current through costly equipment
generally the line shall be charged from the far end, wherever possible.

(vii) A transmission line side shall preferably be charged from the grid substation. Dead line
charging by a generator shall normally be avoided except during system restoration, black
start, or in case where both ends of the transmission line are terminating at a generating
station.

(viii) During test charging of transmission line for the first time, all safety precautions shall be
taken and the transmission utility owning/operating the line shall satisfy the substation
utility at either ends with regards to statutory/safety clearances. During test charging if the
line does not hold even after two attempts, thorough checking of protection settings and
line patrolling shall be carried out.

(ix) Operation code issued by NLDC/RLDC for switching shall become invalid if the
switching is not completed within half an hour of issue of code. In case the switching
operation is not completed within half an hour of the issue of operation code from
RLDCs/NLDC, and if there is a probability of further delay same code could be
revalidated by RLDC/NLDCs within that half an hour. The utility obtaining at one end
shall intimate the other end utility.

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NLDC Operating Procedures for National Grid July 2013-Rev 0

ANNEXURE I

Frequency Linked Despatch Guidelines
All generating units above 200 MW should participate in primary regulation wherein the output
of the generator increases or decreases as per droop characteristics of the turbine without any
manual action when the frequency decreases or increases respectively. However as per IEGC
regulation 6.4.15, all regional entities should abide by the frequency linked dispatch
guidelines. This implies that each generating stations is expected to maintain its scheduled
generation till a threshold frequency where the UI rate is more than the variable cost of
generation of that unit. Therefore when the output of the generating unit has changed as a
result of mandatory primary response, its output may be readjusted depending upon the
system frequency and the variable charge of the station.

For this purpose, the threshold frequency for ISGS unit shall be determined from the
prevailing design of the Unscheduled Interchange vector and the variable charge of the
station. The threshold frequency for the generating units within the State control area will be
specified by SLDCs. The generator on its own can reduce generation when frequency goes
above this cut-off frequency. For frequency below cut-off frequency, the generator would
respond to frequency changes but would come back to its set point in a slow manner with
ramp rates of 1% MW per minute. This may be further understood by the illustration given
below.

Consider a generator of 500 MW capacity with 5% droop setting, operating at 100 % load
when the frequency is 49.6 Hz (Operating point A in figure 1).

In case the frequency falls from 49.6 Hz, the generator would pick up load say up to 105 %
(i.e. 525 MW and limited by load limiter set at 525 MW; Operating point B in figure 1). After
the primary response by the generator, the load on the generator may be reduced in a gradual
manner and may be brought back to its original level of 100% (i.e. 500 MW; operating point C
in figure 1) in about 5 minutes time. At point C, the machine can once again respond to
frequency change from C with droop of 5 % (along dotted line CD).

In case of frequency increases from 49.6 Hz, the generator would reduce its output
instantaneously as per droop characteristics (Operating point would change from A to E).
After the primary response by the generator, the load on the generator may be increased in a
gradual manner to the desired level (Operating point would change from E to F).

Alternatively, if the generator is operating at threshold level say at point G in figure 1 and the
frequency rises further, then the machine can drop generation as per droop characteristics
(operating point G to H and then from H to J ).

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Figure 1: Frequency linked despatch for supplementary regulation
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Annexure II

Power System Operation Corporation Ltd
In association with
Forum of Load Despatchers (FOLD)

Procedure for Assessment of
Frequency Response Characteristic (FRC)
Of
Control Areas
in
Indian Power System

Annexure II - FRC Procedures
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This Page has been Intentionally Left Blank

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INDEX

1. Background
2. Definitions
3. Frequency Response
4. Control Area Wise Frequency Response
5. Procedure to calculate Frequency response Characteristic (FRC)
6. Limiting Factors

Annexure-1(A): Regions under Jurisdiction of NLDC/RLDC
Annexure-1(B): Regional Entities of Gujarat Under Jurisdiction of
SLDC
Annexure-2: Illustrative Example for Calculation of FRC
References

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1. Background
1.1. The objective of this procedure is to develop a common understanding
among all the control areas and other entities responsible for the reliable
operation of each Interconnection in India for computation of FRC.
1.2. This procedure has been developed to monitor the compliance of
Regulation 5.2. (f) of the Indian Electricity Grid Code, 2010.

2. Definitions

2.1. As per IEGC Control Area means an electrical system bounded by
interconnections (tie lines), metering and telemetry which controls its
generation and/or load to maintain its interchange schedule with other
control areas whenever required to do so and contributes to frequency
regulation of the synchronously operating system.
In Indian context, the geographical area of a state under the jurisdiction of
SLDCs, Inter State Generating Stations (ISGS) and regional entities whose
scheduling is coordinated by RLDCs are deemed control areas for the
purpose of this procedure.
2.2. Net Interchange of the Control Area is the algebraic sum of its Imports (+)
and Exports (-) with other control areas.
2.3. Demand means the demand of Active Power in MW.
2.4. Frequency response is defined as the automatic, sustained change in
the power consumption by load or output of generators that occurs
immediately after a change in the control areas load-generation balance
and which is in a direction to oppose a change in the Interconnections
frequency.
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2.5. System Inertia is the ability of power system to oppose changes in
frequency. Physically, it is loosely defined by the mass of all the
synchronous rotating generators and motors connected to the system.
2.6. Interconnection refers to one synchronous system operating at a
common frequency. In the Indian context, NEW Grid/Bhutan and Southern
Grid would be two interconnections.
2.7. Historical Data Recording (HDR) refers to the facility to archive and
retrieve data at periodic intervals (typically 10 seconds or lower) from the
Systems available at each SLDC, RLDC, NLDC or at Generating Station.

3. Frequency Response

During a contingency, such as the tripping of a generator or a loss of load block, the
frequency changes due to the mismatch in load and generation. The level to which the
frequency drops depends on the starting operating point as well as the system inertia. It is
the system inertia, which provides the initial ability of power system to oppose change in
the frequency. If the system inertia is high, then the frequency will fall slowly and vice
versa, during any system contingency. It is the natural frequency response of a control
area, which provides self healing immediately after occurrence of a contingency.
The various sources that contribute to the response of a control area are shown in the
resources pyramid (Figure-1).

TIME
Frequency
Response
Regulation (Secs to Mins)

Operating reserves (10 -15 min)

Load Following (15 min-30 min-Hourly)
Market (15 min Hourly - Daily)
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Figure-1: Frequency Response

Frequency response is an inherent property of the system and influences the
interconnection frequency change post-contingency and well before any secondary
actions, manual or automatic take place. In Indian context, a change in frequency post-
contingency provides a price signal to all generators in the system through the frequency
linked Unscheduled Interchange (UI) mechanism. The generators may respond to these
price signals & vary their generation accordingly. This could happen over the next few
minutes (commonly known as secondary response) or over the next half-hour (commonly
known as tertiary response. As tight control on net interchange of a control area is not
mandated, it can be stated that secondary control is absent by design in the Indian power
system. Primary response is however mandated as per the Indian Electricity Grid Code
(IEGC). There are two groups of resources which contribute to the frequency response
namely load response and governor response of generators.
3.1. Load Response:
Loads also respond to these frequency fluctuations though in an uncontrolled fashion. In
general, loads can be grouped into two major categories: motoring loads and non-
motoring loads. A Motor load in particular is affected by frequency. When a frequency
drops, the motors slow down and they produce less work and therefore consume less
energy. Typically for rotating loads such as motors, a 1% change in frequency leads to a
3% change in load [load being approximately proportional to cube of frequency] i.e., a 1.0
Hz change in frequency (2 % of 50 Hz) leads to the motor load changing by 6%. (Source:
NERC Training Document Understand and Calculate Frequency Response). However
lighting loads such as resistive (non-motoring) are insensitive to frequency.
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Figure-2: Load Characteristics with 5% droop
The total load in the grid comprise of different kind of load and thus the frequency
behavior of the load would depend on the composition of load viz. rotating and non-
rotating. Frequency response from loads is declining and has been a cause for concern
world-wide. Primary reason for the same is a reduction in industrial load (comprising
rotating motor loads) over the years. The modern variable speed drives installed also do
not provide the traditional load rejection. In India also there has been a gradual reduction
in industrial load. Extract from the Economic Survey 2010-11 is indicated in Table 1
below.

Table 1: Percentage electricity consumption across different sectors in India over the years
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From Table 1 it would be seen that the electricity consumption across industry, traction
and agricultural (which would be mainly rotating loads) has fallen from 73.9% in 1950-51
to 59.7% in 2008-09.

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Figure-3: Pattern of Electricity Consumption

In contrast, the domestic and commercial consumption has increased from 20.1% in
1950-51 to 34.9% in 2008-09. There is an increasing trend in all silicon load (electronic
devices) component not only in the domestic and commercial segments but also in the
industry. These electronic loads do not provide the desired frequency response. This has
a bearing on the frequency response from loads. Thus a frequency response of around 3-
4% per Hz could be expected from loads due to its inherent nature.

On the other hand, decrease in the System Inertia is also contributing to the decline in the
frequency response. Inertia is the stored rotating energy in the system. Physically, it may
loosely be defined by the mass of all the synchronous rotating generators and motors
connected to the system.

0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1
9
5
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7
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8
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Domestic+ Commercial Industry Agriculture
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The inertia constant H for rotating machines is denoted by

Where, J = combined inertia of the generator and turbine
w = rated angular velocity in mechanical radians per second.
Following a contingency, the higher system inertia (assuming no frequency response) the
longer it takes to reach a new steady state operating frequency i.e., frequency falls slowly.
Directly connected synchronous generators and Induction generators will contribute
directly to system inertia. A trend in decline of system inertia on account of new generator
designs having less inertia and increasing renewable resources are contributing to the
decline in the frequency response.

Source
210 MW
Singrauli-I
500 MW
Singrauli-II
800 MW
CGPL-I
Dehar
Hydro
Nathpa
Jhakri
Machine Rating (MW) 210 500 830 165 250
Rated MVA 247 588 960 173.7 278
Inertia Constant H (Sec) 2.73 3 2.71 4.56 4

From the above table it would be observed that inertia constant of 830 MW thermal
generator commissioned in March 2012 is less than 500 MW thermal generating units
commissioned in mid 1980s. Likewise a 250 MW hydro generator commissioned in 2003
has less inertia constant than a unit commissioned in early eighties.

The issue of inertia is particularly important for high wind power penetration levels in
synchronized systems. Most of the wind turbine generators are Standard variable speed
wind turbines which are connected to the grid based on non-synchronous interfaces, e.g.
power electronic converters. This gives variable speed wind turbines virtually zero inertia
in power systems.

53 OF 198


3.2. Generator Response:

As per regulation 5.2.(f) of IEGC
All thermal generating units of 200 MW and above and all hydro units of 10 MW
and above, which are synchronized with the grid, irrespective of their ownership,
shall have their governors in operation at all times in accordance with the following
provisions:

Governor Action

i) Following Thermal and hydro (except those with upto three hours pondage)
generating units shall be operated under restricted governor mode of
operation with effect from the date given below:

a) Thermal generating units of 200 MW and above,
1) Software based Electro Hydraulic Governor (EHG) system: 01.08.2010
2) Hardware based EHG system 01.08.2010
b) Hydro units of 10 MW and above 01.08.2010

ii) The restricted governor mode of operation shall essentially have the
following features:
a) There should not be any reduction in generation in case of improvement in
grid frequency below 50.2 Hz. (for example if grid frequency changes from
49.3 to 49.4 Hz. Then there shall not be any reduction in generation).
Whereas for any fall in grid frequency, generation from the unit should
increase by 5% limited to 105 % of the MCR of the unit subject to machine
capability.
b) Ripple filter of +/- 0.03 Hz. shall be provided so that small changes in
frequency are ignored for load correction, in order to prevent governor
hunting.
c) If any of these generating units is required to be operated without its
governor in operation as specified above, the RLDC shall be immediately
54 OF 198


advised about the reason and duration of such operation. All governors
shall have a droop setting of between 3% and 6%.
d) After stabilization of frequency around 50 Hz, the CERC may review the
above provision regarding the restricted governor mode of operation and
free governor mode of operation may be introduced.
iii) All other generating units including the pondage upto 3 hours Gas
turbine/Combined Cycle Power Plants, wind and solar generators and
Nuclear Power Stations shall be exempted from Sections 5.2 (f) ,5.2 (g), 5.2
(h) and ,5.2(i) till the Commission reviews the situation.

All generators have some type of governor control. The governor senses a change in
speed and regulates the energy to be delivered to the generators prime mover. The
changes in the generator output (MW) are in response to the change in frequency and
occurs in the 3-10 seconds time frame. Primary response is responsible for the initial
arrest of frequency variations.
System Protection Schemes (SPS), Under frequency and df/dt relay operation
occurs in the millisecond time frame, even before the primary response comes into play.

3.2.1. Generator Droop

The ratio of frequency deviation to change (in per unit terms) in power output (in
per unit terms) is defined as droop. What actually decides governor response is the
generators droop setting. This is the governor function that dictates the relationship
between speed and power output. As per Regulation 5.2 (f) of Indian Electricity Grid Code
(IEGC), all thermal units of 200 MW & above and all hydro units of 10 MW and above
(except those up to three hours pondage), which are synchronized with the Grid,
irrespective of their ownership shall have a droop setting between 3% and 6%.
55 OF 198


FREQUENCY (HZ)
50.0 51.0 52.0 49.0
50
75
0
100
25
120
P
O
W
E
R

(
%

M
C
R
)
52.5
5% droop

Figure-4: Generator Characteristics with 5% droop

For example, a 5% droop or regulation means that a 5% (2.5 Hz) frequency
deviation causes 100% change in power output. That is, for a unit operating at 50 Hz and
full load, a 2.5 Hz rise in frequency would cause the governor to attempt to take the unit to
no load.

3.2.2. Deadband
Dead_band is the minimum amount of frequency change a governor must
see before it starts to respond. As per the regulation 5.2.(f) of IEGC, Ripple
filter of +/- 0.03 Hz. shall be provided so that small changes in frequency are
ignored for load correction, in order to prevent governor hunting.

56 OF 198


4. Control Area Wise Frequency Response
4.1. India follows a decentralized philosophy in which functions like scheduling,
accounting, monitoring and control follow a hierarchical structure. Demand
estimation, demand management, load generation balance, scheduling etc.
are being carried out on control area basis by State Load Despatch Centres
(SLDCs). At the regional level, the function is being carried out by Regional
Load Despatch Centres (RLDCs). The National Load Despatch Centre
(NLDC) is the apex body at National level which coordinates the load
dispatch functions with RLDCs and neighboring countries.
4.2. The national installed generating capacity as on 30
th
April 2012 is of the
order of 201 GW with nearly 1800 generating units. The power system in
India has been demarcated into smaller control areas for monitoring and
control. A control area has its own generator or group of generators and it is
responsible for its own load and scheduled interchange with neighboring
areas. Each control area contains different kinds of uncertainties and
various disturbances due to increased complexity, changing power system
structure like sudden load/generation loss. Because of interconnectivity of
control areas through tie lines any sudden change in load or generation
affects the entire system. Therefore, monitoring of frequency response
characteristics (FRC) at control area level is most suitable as it gives a good
idea about the frequency response of the Control Area.
4.3. Annexure-1 gives the details of the Control Areas under jurisdiction of each
RLDC/NLDC.

57 OF 198


5. Procedure to Calculate Frequency Response Characteristics
5.1. Frequency Response Characteristics (FRC) computations
Frequency Response Characteristics (FRC) will be computed for all events
involving a sudden 1000 MW or more load/generation loss or a step change in
frequency by 0.50 Hz shall be worked out by NLDC, RLDCs and SLDCs to
compute each interconnection/region/control areas FRC. Currently, India has large
number of 600/660 MW units and this is rapidly increasing. Tripping of one
600/660 MW unit is fairly common. The present maximum size generating unit is
800 MW (UMPP Mundra) and very soon there would be units of 1000 MW size i.e.,
after commissioning of Kudankulam Nuclear Power Station. Hence 1000 MW
change is expected to be an optimal one for the purpose monitoring FRC. Any
lower value would lead to more efforts at LDC without commensurate benefit.
The following steps would be followed for computation FRC
(a) After every event involving a sudden 1000 MW or more load/generation loss
or a step change in frequency by 0.5 Hz, NLDC would get the PMUs
frequency data wherever available, from all the RLDCs. NLDC would also
get the exact quantum of load/generation lost from the RLDC of the affected
region.
(b) NLDC would plot the frequency graph and determine the initial frequency,
minimum/maximum frequency, settling frequency and time points (points A,
C and B of the Figure-5). Accordingly frequency difference points &
corresponding time to be used for FRC calculations would be informed to all
RLDCs.
(c) NLDC would also work out region wise, NEW grid, Southern grid and
Neighboring countries (Bhutan and Nepal) FRC (Format FRC-3) based on
10 second or 30 second Historical Data Recording (HDR) data available at
NLDC and inform all RLDCs as well as post the same on its website within
three (3) working days. RLDCs would inform the SLDCs in their region.
(d) RLDCs shall also work out each control area wise FRC (Format FRC-2)
based on HDR data available at RLDCs and post the same on its website
within six (6) working days.
58 OF 198


(e) All the SLDCs shall work out FRC for all the intrastate entities for events
indicated by the Regional Load Despatch Centres based on the HDR data
available at their respective SLDCs and post the same on its website within
six (6) working days. (Format FRC-1).
(f) In cases where SLDCs do not have any website, the FRC (FRC-1) would be
sent to RLDC within one week.

5.2. Input data for FRC:

i. The data for Frequency Response Characteristic Calculations should
be taken from the real time telemetered data recorded by the SCADA
systems installed at Control Areas / Regional Load Despatch Centres
/ National Load Despatch Centre.
ii. All control area interconnection (tie) points are expected to be
equipped to telemeter MW power flow to respective control center.
iii. Bad quality of data would be flagged / mentioned by the control
centre and reasonable assumptions made for FRC computation.
Details of these may be mentioned.
iv. In cases of load/generation loss through action of System Protection
Schemes (SPS) the exact quantum must be determined so that the
FRC computations are correct. SLDCs/RLDCs/NLDC must therefore
make efforts to get telemetered data of all such SPS locations.

5.3. Instructions for computation of FRC:

The FRC -1 is the Control Area Frequency Response Characteristic Survey
form. A Sample frequency chart is shown in Figure-5 with points A, B, and C
labeled. Figure-5 depicts a typical frequency excursion caused by a loss of
a large generator on an Interconnection. Point A denotes the
interconnection frequency immediately before the disturbance. Point B
represents the Interconnection frequency at the point immediately after the
59 OF 198


frequency stabilizes due to governor action but before the contingent control
area takes any corrective actions, automatic or manual. Point C represents
the interconnection frequency at its maximum deviation due to the loss of
rotating kinetic energy from the interconnection.

Figure-5: Frequency excursion caused by a loss of a large generator

Guidelines to work out Frequency Response Characteristics of Control Area (FRC
- 1) are as follows (Refer FRC-1):-

Step-1
Actual net interchange of the control area immediately before the disturbance
(Point - A) = P
A
. Sign convention for net power imported into a CONTROL AREA is
positive (+) and net power exported out of a control area is negative (-).

Step-2
Actual net interchange of the control area immediately after the disturbance (Point -
B) = P
B
. Use the same sign Convention as Step-1.

Step-3
The Net interchange of the CONTROL AREA = (P
B
- P
A
). For a disturbance that
causes the frequency to decrease, this value should ideally be negative except for
the contingent CONTROL AREA, in which case it is positive and conversely.
49.2
49.3
49.4
49.5
49.6
49.7
49.8
49.9
50
50.1
1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y

(
H
z
)

Time (Sec)
Frequency Response
A = 49.984
B = 49.546
C = 49.302
60 OF 198


Step -4
If the control area has suffered the loss, then Load or generation lost by the control
area = P
L
. Otherwise, the loss (P
L
) is zero. Sign convention for Load Loss is negative
(-) and Generation Loss positive (+).

Step-5
The Control Area Response = P = (P
B
- P
A
) - P
L

Step -6
The Frequency immediately before the disturbance = f
A
.

Step -7
The Frequency immediately after the disturbance = f
B
.

Step -8
Change in Interconnection Frequency from Point A to Point B = f = (f
B
- f
A
)

Step -9
Frequency Response Characteristic (FRC) of the Control Area = P/f

Step -10
Net Demand met by Control Area before the disturbance = P
DEMAND

Step -11
Internal Generation of the Control Area before the disturbance = (P
DEMAND
-P
A
).

Step -12
Ideal Load Response assuming 4% per Hz = P
Ideal Load
= (0.04* P
DEMAND
).

Step -13
Assuming 5% droop means 5% (2.5 Hz) change in frequency causes 100% change in
generation. So for 1 Hz change in frequency requires (1/2.5)*100% change in
generation. Ideal generator Response = P
Ideal gen
= 0.4* (P
DEMAND
- P
A
).

Step -14
Composite Ideal response = P
composite
= (P
Ideal Load
+ P
Ideal gen
)

Step -15
Percentage Ideal response = ((P/f)*100/ Pcomposite)

61 OF 198


5.4. FRC Review
The FRC data received shall be reviewed for uniformity, completeness, and
compliance to the instructions. The frequency response for the control areas shall
be reviewed periodically (Quarterly or Half-yearly). National Load Despatch Centre
shall submit the Frequency Response Characteristics of Control areas/Regions
Quarterly to the Commission.
i. NLDC would assess the composite FRC for the five regional grids,
Bhutan and Nepal.
ii. RLDCs would assess the composite FRC for the Regional Entity control
areas.
iii. SLDCs would assess the composite FRC for intra state entity control
areas.

5.5. Duration of submission of Reports

SLDC shall give FRC report
within six (6) working days
of the incident.
Within Six (6) working days
of the incident.
Control Area-1 Control Area-n SLDC-1 SLDC-n
RLDCs
NLDC
Within three (3) working
days of the incident.
NLDC
NLDC
SLDC shall give FRC report
within six (6) working days
of the incident.
Within Six (6) working days
of the incident.
Within three (3) working
days of the incident.
Control Area-1 Control Area-n SLDC-1 SLDC-n
RLDCs
NLDC
BHUTAN
NEPAL
BANGALDESH
62 OF 198


6. LIMITING FACTORS
The factors affecting the accuracy of the calculation of the FRC are:
a) Identification of the exact point of disturbance and interpretation of the time window
to be measured. Immediately before and Immediately after are subject to
interpretation.
b) Limitation of the sampling rate of the data recorded by the SCADA system
(normally 10 second samples are available in the SCADA). At times, there is also a
loss in part of the telemetered data due to various reasons and this causes
inaccuracies. Moreover some of the data points are received through ICCP from
Sub-LDC/SLDC to RSCC which imposes an additional time delay.
c) A large number of events must be captured and subjected to statistical treatment
before a reasonably accurate figure can be obtained. This is also necessary to rule
out the impact of high variability of the load.
d) Both load and generation are continuously changing naturally.
e) System size, generator loading, losses, distance of generators from the point of
loss, load composition, number of generators in service at the time of the incident,
type of generation, governor action, time of day, season and interconnections with
the neighbors significantly influence FRC calculations.
f) SPS, Under frequency relays (UFR) and df/dt relays are installed in all the regions
to take care of contingencies. Such actions are in millisecond timeframe and are
the first to provide relief by way of load shedding.

63 OF 198


STATE LOAD DESPATCH CENTRE
FRC -1
FREQUENCY RESPONSE CHARACTERISTIC (FRC) OF CONTROL AREA

DATE: CONTROL AREA:
EVENT : REGION:
Loss of generation (+)/ Load (-) in MW
Particulars Dimension
TOTAL
STATE
INTRA
STATE
ENTITY-1
INTRA
STATE
ENTITY-2
1. Actual net interchange immediately before the disturbance P
A
MW

2. Actual net interchange immediately after the disturbance P
B
MW
3. Change in Net interchange (P
B
- P
A
) MW
4. Generation Loss (+) / Load Throw off (-) during the Event P
L
MW
5. Control Area Response (P ) (P
B
- P
A
) - P
L
MW
6. Frequency before the Event f
A
HZ

7. Frequency after the Event f
B
HZ
8. Change in Frequency (f ) (f
B
- f
A
) HZ

9. Frequency Response Characteristic (FRC) P/f MW/HZ
10. Net System Demand met before the Event P
DEM
MW
11. Internal Generation before the Event (P
gen
) (P
DEM
- P
A
) MW

12. Ideal load response assuming 4% per Hz (P
Ideal Load
)

0.04* P
DEM
MW/Hz
13. Ideal generator response assuming 5% droop (P
Ideal gen
) 0.40* (P
DEM
- P
A
) MW/Hz
14. Composite ideal response (P
composite
) P
Ideal Load
+ P
Ideal gen
Mw/Hz

15. Percentage of ideal response (P/f)*100/ P
composite
%

NOTES :

1. Net Power delivered out of a Control Area (Export) is negative (-).

2. Net Power Import of the Control Area (Import) is positive (+).

64 OF 198


REGIONAL LOAD DESPATCH CENTRE
FRC -2
FREQUENCY RESPONSE CHARACTERISTIC (FRC) OF REGION

DATE:
EVENT : Loss of generation (+)/ Load (-) in MW
Particulars Dimension
Region
Control
Area-1
Control
Area-2
Control
Area-3
Control
Area-4
Control
Area-5
Control
Area-6

1. Actual net interchange immediately before the disturbance (P
A
) MW
2. Actual net interchange immediately after the disturbance (P
B
) MW
B
- P
A
) MW
4. Generation Loss (+) / Load Throw off (-) during the Event (P
L
) MW
5. Control Area Response (P =(P
B
- P
A
) - P
L
) MW
6. Frequency before the Event (F
A
) HZ
7. Frequency after the Event (f
B
) HZ
8. Change in Frequency (f = f
B
- f
A
) HZ
9. Frequency Response Characteristic (FRC = P/f) MW/HZ
10. Net System Demand met before the Event (P
DEM
) MW
gen
= P
DEM
- P
A
) MW
Ideal Load
=0.04* P
DEM
)

MW/Hz
Ideal gen =
0.40* (P
DEM
- P
A
)) MW/Hz
composite
) =P
Ideal Load
+ P
Ideal gen
Mw/Hz
15. Percentage of ideal response = ((P/f)*100/ Pcomposite) %

NOTES :

1. Net Power delivered out of the Region (Export) is negative (-).

2. Net Power received into the Region (Import) is positive (+).

65 OF 198


FRC -3
NATIONAL LOAD DESPATCH CENTRE
FREQUENCY RESPONSE CHARACTERISTICS

DATE & Time of the Event:
EVENT ID: EVENT : ; Loss of Generation(+)/Load(-) in MW
Particulars Dimension INDIA
NEW
GRID
SR
GRID
NR ER WR NER BHUTAN
1. Actual net interchange immediately before the disturbance (P
A
) MW

2. Actual net interchange immediately after the disturbance (P
B
) MW

B
- P
A
) MW

4. Generation Loss (+) / Load Throw off (-) during the Event (P
L
) MW

5. Control Area Response (P =(P
B
- P
A
) - P
L
) MW

6. Frequency before the Event (f
A
) HZ

7. Frequency after the Event (f
B
) HZ

8. Change in Frequency (f = f
B
- f
A
) HZ

9. Frequency Response Characteristic (FRC = P/f) MW/HZ

10. Net System Demand met before the Event (P
DEM
) MW

gen
= P
DEM
- P
A
) MW

Ideal Load
=0.04* P
DEM
)

MW/Hz

Ideal gen =
0.40* (P
DEM
-P
A
)) MW/Hz

composite
) =P
Ideal Load
+ P
Ideal gen
Mw/Hz

15. Percentage of ideal response = ((P/f)*100/ Pcomposite) %

NOTES :

1. Net Power delivered out of the Region (Export) is negative (-).

2. Net Power received into the Region (Import) is positive (+).

66 OF 198


Annexure-I
A. Regions under Jurisdiction of NLDC: (As on July-2012)
Northern Region, Eastern Region, Western Region, Northeastern Region, Southern
Region, Bhutan and Nepal.
B. Control Areas Under Jurisdiction of RLDCs
Control Areas Under Jurisdiction of RLDCs
NRLDC
31 Salal 16
Lanco Pathadi
6
Nagaland
1 Punjab 32 Bairasiul 17
KAWAS
7
Tripura
2 Haryana 33 Tanakpur 18
GANDHAR
8
AGBPP
3 Rajastan 34 Dhauliganga 19
SSP
9
AGTPP
4 Delhi 35 Dulhasti 20
CGPL
10
Khandong
5 Uttar Pradesh 36 Sewa-II 21
RGPPL
11
Kopili
6 Uttarkhand 37 AD Hydro 22
TAPS
12
Doyang
7 Chandigarh 38 Karcham Wangtoo 23
KAPP
13
RHEP
8
Himachal
Pradesh
39 Malana-2
ERLDC
14
Loktak
9
Jammu &
Kashmir
40 Tehri
1 Bihar SRLDC
10 Singrauli 41 Koteswar 2
Jharkhand
1 Andhra Pradesh
11 Rihand-1 42 Jhakri 3
DVC
2 Karnataka
12 Rihand-2 43 BBMB complex
4 Orissa
3 Kerala
13 Dadri-1 44 Dehar 5
West Bengal
4 Tamilnadu
14 Dadri NCR 45 Pong 6 FSTPP* 5 Puducherry
15 Unchahar WRLDC 7 KhSTPP1 6 Ramagundam-NTPC
16 Dadri-Gas 1 Gujarat 8 KhSTPP2 7 Simhadri-NTPC
17 Anta 2 Maharastha 9 TSTPS-I 8 Neyveli-II
18 Auraiyya 3 Madhya Pradesh 10 TSTPS-II (SR) 9 Neyveli-I Exp
19 Badarpur 4 Chattisgarh 11 MPL 10 Kaiga
20 Tanda 5 Goa 12 Sterlite 11 MAPS
21 Faridabad Gas 6 DD 13 Teesta

22 NAPS 7 DNH 14 RHEP

23 RAPP-B 8 KSTPS Stage-I 15 THPS

24 RAPP-C 9 KSTPS Stage-II 16 CHPS

25 RAPP-A 10
VSTPS Stage-I
NERLDC

26 Jhajjar 11
VSTPS Stage-II
1
Arunachal Pradesh

27 Sree Cement 12
SIPAT Stage-I
2
Assam

28 Chamera-1 13
SIPAT Stage-II
3
Manipur

29 Chamera-2 14
NSPCL
4
Meghalaya

30 Uri-1 15
JPL,TAMNAR
5
Mizoram

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Annexure-2

Illustrative Example for Calculation of FRC

The example explains about how to calculate Frequency Response Characteristics of a
Region. In this example Southern Region is taken for Illustrative Purpose only.

Event: At 1748 hours on 01
st
May 2012, Pole-1 of TalcherKolar HVDC bipole got
blocked due to HVDC line fault. The bipole was carrying 1976 MW from the NEW grid
(Talcher) to Southern grid (Kolar). The Pole-2 came on Ground return mode and power
came down to 125 MW.
During this tripping, SPS operated at Kolar end resulting in load throw off or load loss of
990MW in Southern region i.e.., Andhra Pradesh 223 MW, Karnataka 350 MW,
Kerala- 0 MW, Tamilnadu 417 MW and Pondicherry- 0 MW.

Figure-A: Frequency of Southern Region during Tripping of Talcher-Kolar Pole-1

49
49.2
49.4
49.6
49.8
50
50.2
50.4
17:44:10 17:45:36 17:47:02 17:48:29 17:49:55 17:51:22 17:52:48 17:54:14 17:55:41 17:57:07 17:58:34
Point-A
Point-B
Point-C
68 OF 198


From the Figure-A, it can be noted that,
Start Time (Point-A) = 17:48:20; Frequency = f
A
=49.74 Hz.
End Time (Point-B) = 17:51:10; Frequency = f
B
= 49.26 Hz
Sign Conventions:
Sign convention for net power into a Control Area (Import) is positive (+)
Sign convention net power out of a Control Area (Export) is negative (-).
Sign convention for Load Loss/Load Throw off is negative (-)
Sign convention for Generation Loss positive (+).
TIME SR FREQ T-K FLOW
GAZUWAKA
FLOW
BHADRWATI SR Import

17:47:30 49.75976563 1979 109 701 2789
17:47:40 49.73535156 1979 109 701 2789
17:47:50 49.73535156 1979 109 701 2789
17:48:00 49.73535156 1976 109 701 2786
17:48:10 49.79589844 1976 109 701 2786
17:48:20 49.73535156 1976 109 701 2786 Point-A
17:48:30 49.77148438 1197 109 701 2007
17:48:40 49.80761719 1197 109 701 2007
17:48:50 49.83203125 1208 109 701 2018
17:49:00 49.8203125 1220 109 701 2030
17:49:10 49.79589844 1220 109 701 2030
17:49:20 49.75976563 1220 109 701 2030
17:49:30 49.69824219 1026 109 701 1836
17:49:40 49.39453125 1026 109 701 1836
17:49:50 49.20019531 821 109 701 1631
17:50:00 49.17578125 125 109 701 935
17:50:10 49.12695313 125 109 701 935 Point-B
17:50:20 49.12695313 114 109 701 925
17:50:30 49.10253906 114 109 701 925
17:50:40 49.10253906 117 109 701 927
17:50:50 49.13964844 117 109 705 931
17:51:00 49.21191406 117 144 705 966
17:51:10 49.26074219 117 144 705 966 Point-C
17:51:20 49.2734375 121 144 705 970
17:51:30 49.296875 121 144 705 970
17:51:40 49.30957031 117 144 701 962
17:51:50 49.34570313 117 144 701 962
17:52:00 49.37011719 117 144 701 962
17:52:10 49.40722656 117 144 701 962
17:52:20 49.44335938 123 144 701 968
17:52:30 49.46777344 123 144 701 968

Table-2: SCADA data for Talcher-Kolar Pole-2 tripping on 01.05.2012
69 OF 198


Step -1 Actual net interchange of Southern Region immediately before the disturbance i.e., Point A (start
time = 17:48:20) = P
A
= 2786 MW.

Step -2 Actual net interchange of Southern Region immediately after the disturbance i.e., at Point B (End
time = 17:51:10) = P
B
= 966 MW.

Step -3 The Net interchange of Southern Region= (P
B
- P
A
) = 966-2786 = -1820 MW.

Step -4 Due to SPS action there was a load throw off of 990 MW. So, Load throw off of Southern
Region = P
L
= -990 MW.

Step -5 Southern Region Response = P = (P
B
- P
A
) - P
L
= (966-2786) - (-990) = -830 MW.

Step -6 The Frequency immediately before the disturbance = f
A
=49.74 Hz.

Step -7 The Frequency immediately after the disturbance = f
B
= 49.26 Hz.

Step -8 Change in Frequency from Point A to Point B = f = (f
B
- f
A
) =(49.26-49.74) = -0.48 Hz.

Step -9 Frequency Response Characteristic (FRC) of Southern Region = P/f = (-830)/(-0.48) =1729 MW/Hz

Step -10 Net Demand met by Southern Region before the disturbance i.e., Point A (start time = 17:48:20) =
P
DEMAND
= 23728 MW.

Step -11 Internal Generation of Southern Region before the disturbance i.e., at Point B (End time =
17:51:10) = P
DEMAND
- P
A.
= (23728-2786) = 20942MW.

Step -12 Ideal Load Response of Southern Region assuming 4% per Hz = P
Ideal Load
= (0.04* 23728) =949
MW/Hz.

Step -13 Assuming 5% droop means 5%; Ideal generators Response of Southern Region = P
Ideal gen
= 0.4*
(23728-2786) = 0.4*20942 = 8377 MW/Hz.

Step -14 Composite Ideal response = P
composite
= (P
Ideal Load
+ P
Ideal gen
)= (949.1+8376.8) = 9326 MW/Hz.

Step -15

Percentage Ideal response = ((P/f)*100/ Pcomposite) = ((-830/-0.48)*100/ 9326) =18.5%.
70 OF 198


Step by step procedure shown above is summarized in the Table-3:

Particulars

Dimension
Southern
Region
1. Actual net interchange immediately before the disturbance P
A
MW
2786
2. Actual net interchange immediately after the disturbance P
B
MW
966
B
- P
A
) MW
-1820
4. Generation Loss (+) / Load Throw off (-) during the Event P
L
MW
-990
5. Control Area Response (P ) (P
B
- P
A
) - P
L
MW
-830
6. Frequency before the Event f
A
HZ
49.74
7. Frequency after the Event f
B
HZ
49.26
8. Change in Frequency (f ) (f
B
- f
A
) HZ
-0.48
9. Frequency Response Characteristic (FRC) P/f MW/HZ 1729
10. Net System Demand met before the Event P
DEM
MW
23728
gen
) (P
DEM
- P
A
) MW
20942
Ideal Load
)

0.04* P
DEM
MW/Hz
949
Ideal gen
) 0.40* (P
DEM
- P
A
) MW/Hz
8377
composite
) P
Ideal Load
+ P
Ideal gen
Mw/Hz
9326
15. Percentage of ideal response (P/f)*100/ P
composite
%
18.5%

Table-3: Summary of FRC of Southern Region for Talcher-Kolar Pole-1 tripping

71 OF 198


References:
1. http://www.cercind.gov.in/Regulations/Signed-IEGC.pdf, Central Electricity
Regulatory Commission (Indian Electricity Grid Code) Regulations, 2010.
2. http://www.wecc.biz/Standards/Development/wecc0044/Shared%20Documents/
FRR%20Report%203-10-09.doc, White Paper on Frequency Response
Standard, by Reserve Issues Task Force, November 24, 2005.
3. http://www.nerc.com/docs/oc/rs/Frequency_Response_White_Paper.pdf ,
Frequency Response Standard White Paper, by Frequency Task Force of the
NERC Resources Subcommittee, April 6, 2004.
4. http://www.nerc.com/docs/standards/sar/opman_12-13Mar08_Frequency
ResponseCharacteristicSurveyTrainingDocument.pdf, Frequency Response
Characteristic Survey Training Document, January 1, 1989.
5. http://www.nrldc.org/docs/documents/Papers/frc.pdf, S. K. Soonee and S. C.
Saxena, Frequency Response Characteristics of an Interconnected Power
System-A Case Study of Regional Grids in India, 6
th
International R&D
Conference on Sustainable Development of Water and Energy Resources-Needs
and Challenges, Feb 13-16, 2007, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
6. http://stage-icourseplayer.360training.com/courses/Course100718/nerc_cert_
prep_sco2/content/pdf/NERC_Hz_Training.pdf, NERC Training Document
Understand and Calculate Frequency Response, by NERC Training Resources
Working Group, February 20, 2003.
7. Power System Stability and Control, Page No: 581-623 by Prabha Kundur.
8. http://consultkirby.com/files/TM2003-41_Freq_Control.pdf, Frequency Control
Concerns In The North American Electric Power System, B. J. Kirby, J. Dyer, C.
Martinez, Dr. Rahmat A. Shoureshi, R. Guttromson and J. Dagle, December
2002.

72 OF 198
ANNEXURE III
Surge Impedance Loading(SIL) of Transmission Lines
73 of 198
Extracts from CEA Manual on Transmission Planning Criteria- Jan 2013

Annexure IV - Thermal Loading
NLDC Operating Procedures for National Grid
74 of 198
July 2013-Rev 0

Annexure IV - Thermal Loading
75 of 198
July 2013-Rev 0
qrcrEfrd
sfrqterq orzciterq ftltrrts
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+t
Wf
Frftrds urw rr6rq6 dq-fr)
POWER SYSTEM OPERATION CORPORATION LIMITED
(A wholly owned subsidiary of POVI/ERGRID)
q-trq-iT
(rd dfiq orqlq-o : fr - 9,
EgE
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(rtrqr,
o-arEqr sil-q, r{ n-m - 110 016
Registered & Gorporate Office : B - 9, Qutab lnstitutionalArea, Katwaria Sarai, New Delhi - 110 016
Website: www.nldc.in, www.nldcindia in, Tel. : 011-26536832,26524522,Fax:011-26524525. 26536901
NLDC/765 kV Dated:8th May 2013
Sub: Operation of 765 kV transmission system in the NEW grid in the coming months
Reliable operation of the high capacity corridor from Sipat in Chhattisgarh to Moga in Punjab over the
755 kV Sipat-Bilaspur-Seoni-Bina-Gwalior-Agra-Jhatikara-Bhiwani-Moga route is very important in the
coming months, particularly up to the end of September when Northern Region demand is expected to
be high. This high capacity corridor would no doubt enhance the transfer capability from the West to
North direction; however outage of any of the following links would significantly impact the transfer
capability.
o
765 kV Agra-Jhatikara
o
One of the 765/400 kV 1500 MVA ICT at Agra
o
765 kV Gwalior-Agra one circuit
o
765 kV Bina-Gwalior one circuit
A self- contained note on the subject along with the details of the actions to be taken by the different
agencies under varied conditions is enclosed.
Following actions are expected from RLDCs/NLDC:
i. Sensitizing stakeholders to the nature of the above operation of 765 kV corridors.
ii. Taking all precautions both for planned and emergency outages of the above sections including
arrangements for quick curtailment of transactions and manual actions for feeder opening.
iii. Monitoring the quantum of loads wired for SPS action and taking up the issue of optimizing it
appropriately.
iv. Voltage control through suitable actions of reactor switching, reactive power absorption by
generators, line switching.
v. Handling special situations such as load crash.
The following actions are expected from POWERGRID end:
i. Preventive maintenance and minimizing both planned and emergency outages on the above corridor
(lines as well as bay shutdowns) so as to improve reliability as well as enhanced transfer capability.
ii. Ensuring that overvoltage settings on the system are properly graded both in terms of magnitude and
time delay. Details of settings to be forwarded to NLDC.
iii. Commissioning automatic tripping of the 22O kV Gwalior
(PG)-Malanpur (PG) D/C from Gwalior(PG)
end in case of tripping of both circuits of 765 kV Gwalior-Agra and automatic tripping of the 22O kV
Page 1 of 8
Tdtrd tri d J'qf
q-dru
Save Energy for Benefit of Self and Nation
Annexure V - NLDC Advisory on High Capacity 765kV Corridor
76 of 198
July 2013-Rev 0
i)
ii)
Gwalior(F,G)-Gwalior(MP) D/C frqm Gwalior(
This feature would generally be
Qf
i
Western Region load acting as a drag on
tv.
V.
In situ teSting of System Protecfion
keeping it armed and healthy conflition.
Sensitizing the operators at the different 765
network and the availability of re4l time data a
Following agtions are required at RQgional Powe
Sensitizing stakeholders to the strptegic im
Ensuring that the outage plan is properly
reliable fqphion.
Monitoring the relief obtained through
constituents for any shortfall in loFd relief.
Ensure that all trippings in the trBnsmission
and the lessons learned and actions taken
monitored.
v) Ensure thpt all defence plans sucfr as Under
are in plaqe.
Encl: as above
Copy for kind information and necetsary action
iii)
iv)
1.)
2l
3)
4l
s)
6)
7l
Mep ber Secreta
ry
N RPC/WRPC/ERPC/SR
ED (PS), POWERGRID, Gurgqon
ED (NR-1), POWERGRID, Nery Delhi
ED (NVR-ll), POWERGRID, Vaflodara
ED (NVR-|), POWERGRID, Nagpur
ED SRLDC, Bengaluru
G M WRLDC/N RLDC/ERLDC/]N E RLDC
Copy for kind information to:
8) Member (GO & D), CEA, NeW Delhi
9) CMD POWERGRTD
10) Director (Operations), POW$RG RlD,
11.) CEO POSOCO
)
end in case both the 765 kV Bina-Gwalior lines trip.
from June to September and is to avoid a situation of
Region in case of any tripping.
(SPS)
at Agra(PG) and Gwalior(PG) and continuously
substations on the strategic importance of the 765 kV
the RLDCs/NLDC.
Committee level.
of 755 kV corridors.
so that the system is able to operate in a
kV Gwalior-Agra SPS actions and taking up with
are discussed at the Protection Committee level
inated across all utilities and its implementation
uency Load Shedding (UFLS)
scheme, df/dt and SPS
(V. K. Agrawal)
Executive Director, NLDC
Page 2 of 8
77 of 198
July 2013-Rev 0
Page3of8
PowerSystemOperationCorporationLimited
NationalLoadDespatchCentre
NewDelhi
8
th
May2013
Sub:Operationof765kVtransmissionsystemintheNEWGrid
InMarch2013,theBinaGwaliorAgrasectionwasupgradedto765kVlevelfromtheearlier400kV.On
29
th
April2013,the765kVAgraJhatikaralinewascommissioned.Thesedevelopmentshaveresultedin
a 1600 kilometres stretch of high capacity 765 kV transmission highway from Sipat in Chhattisgarh to
Moga in Punjab over SipatBilaspurSeoniBinaGwaliorAgraJhatikaraBhiwaniMoga route. 765 kV
SasanSatnaBinaD/CisanothervitalinfeedtoBina.Thisisanimportanttransitionthattheentiregridis
passingthrough.
ThishighcapacitycorridorisexpectedtobeloadedheavilyduringtheJunetoSeptemberperiodwhen
there is heavy power demand in the Northern Region due to weather beating and agricultural loads
while the demand in Western Region is expected to be low. Secure operation of the system would
become very important under these conditions. The following aspects would become important under
theseconditions:
1) Operationalplanning
a. Evaluationoftransfercapabilityofthenetwork.
b. Outageplanningofthe765kVhighcapacitycorridor
c. Overvoltagesettingsofthe765kVlines
d. Minimizingforcedoremergencyoutages
e. Operationofunderlying400kVand220kVnetwork
f. OperationofSystemProtectionScheme(SPS)duringcontingenciesandsettingsthereof.
g. AvailabilityofrealtimedataatWRLDC/NRLDCandNLDC.
2) Realtimeoperation
a. Handlingemergencyoutages
b. Curtailmentoftransactions
c. Manualopeningoffeedersincaseofcontingency
d. Voltagecontrol
e. Handlingspecialsituationssuchasloadcrashetc.inNorthernRegion

78 of 198
July 2013-Rev 0
Page4of8
A. OperationalPlanning:
i) TransfercapabilityintheWesttoNorthdirection:
The transfer capability has been assessed based on the network conditions in May 2013 and would be
uploaded on NLDC website as well as periodically revised based on the system conditions. The Total
Transfer Capability (TTC) in the West to North direction is expected to be of the order of 5700 MW
which is considering the availability of all main 765 kV and 400 kV transmission elements and includes
1500 MW on the dedicated APL MundraMohindergarh HVDC bipole. Loading on the following
importantcorridorsneedsclosemonitoring:
1) 765kVSipatBilaspurPoolingstationD/C:
2) 765kVBilaspurPoolingstationSeoniD/C:
3) 765kVSeoniBina :
4) 765kVBinaGwaliorD/C :
5) 765kVGwaliorAgraD/C :
6) 765kVAgraJhatikara :
7) 765kVJhatikaraBhiwani :
8) 765kVBhiwaniMoga :
9) 765kVSasanSatnaD/C :
10) 765kVSatnaBinaD/C :
11) 765kVFatehpurAgraD/C :
12) 765/400kV,2x1500MVAICTsatAgra:
Therewouldbeareductionoftransfercapabilityincaseofoutageofanyoneofthefollowingsections:
765kVAgraJhatikara
Oneofthe765/400kV1500MVAICTatAgra
765kVGwaliorAgraonecircuit
765kVBinaGwalioronecircuit
Consideringthatstudiesinvolvevariousassumptions,thereisaneedforhavingadequateTransmission
ReliabilityMargin(TRM)totakecareoftheseuncertaintiesandaccordinglyamarginof500MWisbeing
keptonWRNRcorridorand8001000MWforimportbyNRasawhole.
ii) Outageplanningofthe765kVtransmissioncorridor:
Asthe765kVBinaGwaliorAgraJhatikaralinesandthe765/400kVICTsatAgrahaveamajorimpacton
security of the grid as well as economy transfers between the regions; outages on the above section
needtobeplannedcarefullyafterdiscussionatthedifferentRegionalPowerCommittee(RPC)/National
79 of 198
July 2013-Rev 0
Page5of8
Power Committee (NPC) level. In cases of unforeseen changes in the maintenance program or any
urgent requirement of outages, at least 48 hour notice needs to be given to RLDCs/NLDC by
POWERGRIDsothattheoutageiscoordinatedandthegridsecurityaswellasopenaccesstransactions
isregulatedinaproperfashion.
It is also important that 765 kV bay shutdowns at all the intermediate substations are coordinated so
thatthereisnounintendedtrippingonthisaccount.Thisisimportantasthenumberof765kVelements
in many substations are less in number and ensuring that at least two parallel paths are available
betweenthetwo765kVbusesunderallconditionsbecomesveryimportant.
Inmanyofthetrunkinterregionallinesaswellasimportantintraregionallines,thereareanumberof
agenciessuchasStateTransmissionUtilities(STUs),GeneratingCompanieswhoareresponsibleforline
switchingin/outwhoneedtobesensitizedontheneedforquickexecutionoflineswitchinginstructions
issued by RLDCs/NLDC and avoid any prolonged outage of the line sections. Availability of the 400 kV
and220kVparallelnetworkbetweenWesternandNorthernRegionwouldbeimportant.
iii) Overvoltagesettingsofthe765kVlines:
POWERGRID might also ensure that the overvoltage settings of the 765 kV lines in the entire corridor
above are properly graded in terms of magnitude as well as time delay so as to obviate inadvertent
tripping on account of high voltage. Confirmation in this regard may please be forwarded by
POWERGRIDtoNLDCalongwiththeovervoltagesettingsoneach765kVline.
iv) Minimizingforcedoremergencyoutages:
Considering the heavy power flow on the above sections, it is important that the monitoring of these
lines through thermo vision scanning as well as condition monitoring of equipment at the substation
level is intensified so that forced or emergency outages are minimized. POWERGRID may take actions
accordingly.
v) Underlying400kVand220kVnetwork:
The765kVBinaGwaliorAgrasectionhasthefollowing220kVsectionrunninginparallelandisthefirst
instanceofthe765kVand220kVsectionsrunninginparallelwithoutany400kVsystem.
220kVBina(MP)Gwalior(MP)D/C
220kVGwalior(MP)Gwalior(PG)D/C
220kVGwalior(PG)Malanpur(MP)D/C
80 of 198
July 2013-Rev 0
Page6of8
220kVMalanpur(MP)Auraiya(NTPC)and
220kVMalanpur(MP)Mehgaon(MP)Auraiya(NTPC)
The power flow in 220 kV section is less when the 765 kV system is running in parallel. Even when a
single765kVlineontheBinaGwaliorAgrasectiontrips,theparallellinetakes8085%oftheloadand
there is not much increase at the 220 kV level. However outage of both the 765 kV lines under heavy
power flow conditions would lead to cascade outage of the appropriate 220 kV section. The following
twooptionswereanalyzed.
Keeping the 220 kV system in radial mode only viz. feeding Gwalior (MP) load from Bina (MP)
andMalanpur(MP)/Mehgaon(MP)loadsfromGwalior(PG)
OR
Trippingthe220kVGwalior(PG)Gwalior(MP)D/CfromGwalior(PG)endincasethe765kV
BinaGwaliorD/Cbothcircuitstrip
AND
Tripping the 220kV Gwalior(PG)Malanpur (PG)D/CfromGwalior(PG)endincasethe765kV
GwaliorAgraD/Ctrips.
Considering the overall reliability of the system and the voltage profile at Gwalior/Malanpur, it is
recommended to operate the 220 kV system in parallel with the 765 kV system and go for the second
option of automatic tripping of the respective 220 kV lines indicated above. The automatic tripping
option would be required to ensure that in the rare eventuality of loss of WestNorth corridor, the
WesternRegionloadatGwalior/MalanpurshouldnotactasadragonNorthernRegion.
vi) SystemProtectionScheme(SPS)settingsatAgraandGwalioranditstesting:
The present settings are 1000 MW each on 765 kV GwaliorAgra D/C line OR 1500 MW on S/C 765 kV
Gwalior to Agra line leading to SPS action of load shedding in Northern Region. These settings would
havetobeoptimizedtakingcareofgridsecurityaswellasfacilitatingeconomyinterchange.Furtherthe
SPS needs to be tested periodically and the identified load relief feeders should be telemetered to the
NRLDC/WRLDC/NLDCattheearliest.
vii) AvailabilityofrealtimedataatRLDCs/NLDC:
Since power flow on the corridor is expected to be high, it is important that the monitoring at
RLDCs/NLDC is effective. This is possible only is the real time data (both analog as well as digital) is
availableattheRLDCs.

81 of 198
July 2013-Rev 0
Page7of8
B. Realtimeoperation:
i) Handlingemergencyoutages:
In the rare eventuality that an emergency occurs on the 765 kV BinaGwaliorAgraJhatikara

corridor or the 765/400 kV Agra ICTs and when there is heavy transfer on the above corridor,
thefollowingactionsmightberequired:
o Impositionofcongestioncharge.
o CurtailmentofShortTermOpenAccess(STOA)aswellascollectivetransactions.Ifrequired,
even long term transactions from Sasan and CGPL Mundra to Northern Region would have
to be curtailed as nearly 2500 MW reduction in power transfer in the West to North
directionwouldberequired.
o Rescheduling of generation, particularly at hydro stations and costlier generation in
Northernregionneedstobecarriedout.
o AfterthephysicalflowsreduceintheWesttoNorthdirection,the765kVaffectedlinemay
beopened.Subsequenttothis,afew765kVlinesintheWesternregionwouldalsoneedto
beopenedtocontrolvoltages(suchasonecircuitof765kVSatnaBinaor765kVSeoniBina
andBinaGwaliorifAgraGwaliorsectionoutageisthere).
o Undernormalsituationthisprocessitselfwouldtakesometimeandthisaspectneedstobe
keptinmindwhilepermittingevenplannedshutdownsandreductionofTTC.
o Beforerestorationofthecircuittheabovestepsneedtoberepeatedinthereverseorder.
ii) Curtailmentoftransactions:
Theinformationsystembetween the differentagenciesinvolvedneedstobe takencareof

so that information regarding curtailments is disseminated to all concerned and physical
actionsforreschedulinggenerationorloadistakencareof.
iii) Manualopeningoffeedersincaseofcontingency:
Pending the availability of any automatic defense plans or Grid Security Expert System
(GSES), NRLDC would have a list of radial feeders with significant quantum of load which
could be manually opened readily in case of contingencies under heavy transfers from
Western Region to Northern Region. This would also help in case SPS does not provide
adequaterelief.

82 of 198
July 2013-Rev 0
Page8of8
iv) Voltagecontrol:
With 765 kV high capacity corridors in operation, the voltage profile would significantly
dependonthelineloadings.Incasetheloadingislow,highvoltageswouldbeexperienced.
POWERGRIDandotherutilitiesareadvisedtoensurethatallthebusreactorsareavailable
at both 765 kV and 400 kV level. RLDCs are advised to closely monitor the power plants
reactive power absorption under such conditions. The HVDC power order settings and
765/400kVtransformertapchangingmayalsobeemployedtocontrolthevoltage.
Incaselightlyloadedlinesareopenedtocontrolhighvoltagethentheymustberestoredat
theearliestopportunity.Inmanyinstancesitisseenthatthelinereactorofthelinewhichis
keptoffisusedasbusreactor.Incasethelineneedstobeurgentlytakenintoservice,the
processgetsdelayedasadditionalswitchingoperationsarerequired.Hencethelinereactor
of a line which is kept off might be taken into service as bus reactor only if the line is
expectedtobekeptoffforprolongedperiodsforwhichNLDC/WRLDC/NRLDCwouldadvise
appropriately.
v) HandlingspecialsituationssuchasloadcrashinNorthernRegion:
Under such situations there would be flows in the reverse direction viz. Northern to
Western region. Since the Northern Region would experience high voltage, the 765 kV
networkinNorthernRegionmighthavetobeopenedtocontrolvoltage.
The power flow on HVDC MundraMohindergarh bipole might also need to be reduced in
casetheloadcrashisinHaryana.NRLDCwouldadviseHaryanaSLDCaccordinglysothatthe
scheduleisrevised.
xxx
83 of 198
July 2013-Rev 0

ANNEXURE-VI - Congestion Formats

84 of 198

85 of 198


Format II

86 of 198

Format III
National/_________Regional Load Despatch Centre

Notice Number: (NLDC/RLDC)/yyyy/mm/. Date: dd/mm/yy
Time of Issue: hh:mm

To

WARNING NOTICE

The actual transfer of electricity on following corridors has crossed the ATC

Corridor/Control Area ATC (MW) Actual Flow (MW)

The following regional entities, which are downstream of the congested corridor, are
advised to reduce their drawl/increase their generation to decongest the system:

1.

m.

The following reginal entities, which are upstream of te congested corridor are advised
to / increase their drawl/reduce their generation to decongest the system:

1.

n.

Shift Charge Manager

This is a warning notice before levying of congestion charges and issued in
accordance with the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (Measures to relieve
congestion in real time operation) Regulations, 2009

NLDC would send this notice to RLDC and RLDC would send this notice to regional
entities

Note: Format may be changed as per requirement with prior approval of the Commission

87 of 198

Format for Notice for Application of Congestion Charge (Format IV)

88 of 198


Format V
National/_________Regional Load Despatch Centre

Notice Number: (NLDC/RLDC)/yyyy/mm/. Date: dd/mm/yy
Time of Issue: hh:mm

To

NOTICE FOR WITHDRAWAL OF CONGESTION CHARGE

Congestion charge on Unscheduled Interchange (UI) energy that was applicable w.e.f hh.mm of
dd/mm/yyyy vide Notice Number Issued at hh:mm of dd/mm/yyyy would be lifted w.e.f
time block no. (hh:mm) of dd/mm/yyyy

Shift Charge Manager

Issued in accordance with the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (Measures to
relieve congestion in real time operation) Regulations, 2009

NLDC would send this notice to RLDC and RLDC would send this notice to regional
entities

Note: Format may be changed as per requirement with prior approval of the Commission

89 of 198


90 of 198

ANNEXURE-VII

UI RATE IMPLEMENTED AS PER CERC ORDER No.L-1(1)/2009-CERC Dt. 28.04.2010 & Its
First & Second Amendment

The charges for Unscheduled Interchanges for all the time-blocks payable for over-drawal by the buyer
or the beneficiary and under-injection by the generating station or the seller and receivable for under-
drawal by the buyer or the beneficiary and over-injection
by the generating station or the seller shall be worked out on the average frequency of the time-block at
the rates given here under

Unscheduled Interchange Cap Rates
The Cap Rate shall be 421.50 Paise/kWh for all generating stations using coal or lignite or gas supplied
under Administered Price Mechanism (APM) as the fuel, in case when actual generation is higher or
lower than the scheduled generation.

The UI Cap Rate shall be 450.00 Paise/kWh for the under drawls by the buyer or the beneficiaries in
excess of 10% of the schedule or 250 MW whichever is less.

The UI Cap Rate shall be 450.00 Paise/kWh for the injection by the seller in excess of 120% of the
schedule subject to a limit of ex-bus generation corresponding to 105% of the Installed Capacity of the
station in a time block and 101% of the Installed Capacity over a day.

The UI Cap Rate shall be 165.00 Paise/kWh for the injection by a generating station other than the
hydro generating station in excess of 105% of the Declared Capacity of the station in a time block or in
excess of 101% of the average Declared Capacity over a day.

The UI Cap Rate shall be 165.00 Paise/kWh for the injection by the seller in excess of ex-bus
generation corresponding to 105% of the Installed Capacity of the station in a time block or 101% of the
Installed Capacity over a day shall not exceed the Cap Rate as specified in the Schedule 'A' of the UI
regulations.

The cap rates for the infirm power injected into the grid by a unit of a generating station during the
testing/commissioning prior to COD of unit shall be as follows corresponding to the fuel used for the
generation:
Domestic coal/ Lignite/Hydro (` / kWh sent out) : 1.65
91 of 198

APM gas as fuel (`/ kWh sent out) : 2.60
Imported Coal/RLNG (`/ kWh sent out) : 3.30
Liquid Fuel (` / kWh sent out) : 9.00

Additional Unscheduled Interchange Charges
The Additional Unscheduled Interchange Charge for over-drawal of electricity for each time-block
when grid frequency is "below 49.7 Hz" and up to "Not below 49.5 Hz" shall be equivalent to 20% of
the Unscheduled Interchange Charge corresponding to grid frequency of "below 49.5 Hz".
The Additional Unscheduled Interchange Charge for under-injection of electricity for each time-block
when grid frequency is "below 49.7 Hz" and up to "Not below 49.5 Hz" shall be equivalent to 20% of
the Unscheduled Interchange Charge of the corresponding grid frequency of "below 49.5 Hz":

Provided that the Additional Unscheduled Interchange Charge for over-drawal of electricity for each
time-block when grid frequency is below 49.5 Hz and up to 49.2 Hz shall be equivalent to 40% of the
Unscheduled Interchange Charge 900.0 Paise/kWh corresponding to the grid frequency of below 49.5
Hz.
when grid frequency is below 49.5 Hz and up to 49.2 Hz shall be equivalent to 40% of the Unscheduled
Interchange Charge of 900.0 Paise/kWh corresponding to the grid frequency of below 49.5 Hz

Provided that the Additional Unscheduled Interchange Charge for over-drawal of electricity for each
time-block when grid frequency is below 49.2 Hz shall be equivalent to 100% of the Unscheduled
Interchange Charge 900.0 Paise/kWh corresponding to the grid frequency of below 49.5 Hz.

when grid frequency is below 49.2 Hz shall be equivalent to 100% of the Unscheduled Interchange
Charge of 900.0 Paise/kWh corresponding to the grid frequency of below 49.5 Hz.

The Additional Unscheduled Interchange Charge for under-injection of electricity during the time-block
when grid frequency is below 49.7 Hz and up to 49.5 Hz for the generating stations using coal or lignite
or gas supplied under Administered Price Mechanism (APM) as the fuel shall be equivalent to 20% of
the UI Cap Rate of 421.50 Paise/kWh:

Provided that the Additional Unscheduled Interchange Charge for under-injection of electricity during
the time-block when grid frequency is below 49.5 Hz for the generating stations using coal or lignite or
gas supplied under Administered Price Mechanism (APM) as the fuel shall be equivalent to 40% of the
UI Cap Rate of 421.50 Paise/kWh.
92 of 198

UI RATE TABLE
Average Frequency of the time block(Hz) UI Rate
Below Not Below (Paise per kWh)
-- 50.20 0.00
50.20 50.18 16.50
50.18 50.16 33.00
50.16 50.14 49.50
50.14 50.12 66.00
50.12 50.10 82.50
50.10 50.08 99.00
50.08 50.06 115.50
50.06 50.04 132.00
50.04 50.02 148.50
50.02 50.00 165.00
50.00 49.98 193.50
49.98 49.96 222.00
49.96 49.94 250.50
49.94 49.92 279.00
49.92 49.90 307.50
49.90 49.88 336.00
49.88 49.86 364.50
49.86 49.84 393.00
49.84 49.82 421.50
49.82 49.80 450.00
49.80 49.78 478.13
49.78 49.76 506.25
49.76 49.74 534.38
49.74 49.72 562.50
49.72 49.70 590.63
49.70 49.68 618.75
49.68 49.66 646.88
49.66 49.64 675.00
49.64 49.62 703.13
49.62 49.60 731.25
49.60 49.58 759.38
49.58 49.56 787.50
49.56 49.54 815.63
49.54 49.52 843.75
49.52 49.50 871.88
49.50 900.00
(Each 0.02 Hz step is equivalent to 16.50 Paise/kWh in the 50.2-50.00 Hz frequency
range, 28.50 Paise/kWh in 50 Hz to 49.8 Hz and 28.12 Paise/kwh in frequency in the
below 49.8 Hz to 49.5 Hz range.)

93 of 198
Annexure VIII
Important Elements under NLDC Perspective
Sl.No Chapter Page No
1 Inter Regional Links 1
2
HVDC Links
4
3
765kV Lines
5
4 765kV Line Reactors 7
5 765kV ICT and Bus Reactors 9
6
Imporatnt Intra regional lines having Impact on
Transfer capability
11
7 Trans National Links 19
INDEX
94 of 198
Annexure VIII
I/R LINK
Voltage
Level
Inter Regional Lines Circuit ID
Tower
configuration
S/C or D/C
O & M by
Agency at
End 1
Agency at
End 2
line length
in Km
Conductor Type
HVDC
Link
+/- 500 kV, 2 x 250 MW,
Vindhyachal HVDC Back to Back
- - PG PG PG - -
HVDC
Link
+/- 500 kV, 2x1250 MW,
APL Mundra (WR) -
Mohindargarh (NR) HVDC Bipole
- Bipole APL
APL
Mundra
APL
Mohindargarh
1000 Quad Lapwing
Agra - Gwalior 1 S/C PG PG PG 129 Quad Bersimis
Agra - Gwalior 2 S/C PG PG PG 128 Quad Bersimis
Kankroli-Zerda 1 D/C PG PG PG 234 Twin Moose
Bhinmal-Zerda 1 D/C PG PG PG 143 Twin Moose
Kota-Badod 1 S/C RRVPNL MPSEB 191 ACSR Zebra
Modak-Badod 1 S/C RRVPNL MPSEB 151 ACSR Zebra
Auraiya-Mehgaon 1 S/C UPPCL MPSEB 146 ACSR Zebra
Auraiya-Malanpur 1 S/C UPPCL MPSEB 113 ACSR Zebra
Udaipur -Neemuch 1 S/C
RRVPNL -
MPSEB
RRVPNL MPSEB 131 ACSR Panther
Ranapratap Sagar-Gandhi Sagar 1 D/C RRVPNL MPSEB 30 ACSR Panther
Ranapratap Sagar-Gandhi Sagar 2 D/C RRVPNL MPSEB 30 ACSR Panther
Sawai Madhopur - Seopar Kalan 1 S/C
RRVPNL -
MPSEB
RRVPNL MPSEB 47 ACSR Panther
Rihand-Morwa 1 S/C
UPPCL -
MPSEB
UPPCL MPSEB 41 ACSR Panther
Lalitpur - Rajghat 1 S/C
UPPCL -
MPSEB
UPPCL MPSEB 23 ACSR Panther
1. INTER REGIONAL LINK
NR-WR
765KV
400KV
220KV
RRVPNL -
MPSEB
UPPCL -
MPSEB
132KV
RRVPNL -
MPSEB
July 2013-Rev 0
95 of 198
Annexure VIII
I/R LINK
Voltage
Level
Tower
configuration
S/C or D/C
O & M by
Agency at
End 1
Agency at
End 2
line length
in Km
Conductor Type
+/- 500 kV, Sasaram HVDC Back
to Back (500 MW) *
- - PG PG PG - -
Saranath-Sasaram (400KV) 1 S/C PG PG PG 76 Twin Moose
Allahabad - Sasaram (400KV) 1 S/C PG PG PG 271 Twin Moose
765KV Fatehpur-Sasaram/Gaya 1 S/C PG PG PG 337+148=485 Quad Bersimis
765KV Fatehpur-Sasaram 1 S/C PG PG PG 337 Quad Bersimis
Gorakhpur-Muzaffarpur 1 D/C PG PG PG 261 Quad Moose
Gorakhpur-Muzaffarpur 2 D/C PG PG PG 261 Quad Moose
Balia-Patna 1 D/C PG PG PG 198 Quad Moose
Balia- Biharshariff 1 D/C PG PG PG 242 Quad Moose
Balia- Biharshariff 2 D/C PG PG PG 242 Quad Moose
Balia- Sasaram 1 S/C PG PG PG 238
80kM Quad Moose +
158kM Quad Bersimis
220KV Sahupuri-Pusauli 1 S/C
UPPCL+
BSPHCL
UPPCL PG 72 ACSR Zebra
Rihand-Sone nagar 1 S/C
UPPCL+
BSPHCL
UPPCL BSPHCL 139 ACSR Panther
Rihand-Garwah 1 S/C
UPPCL+
JSEB
UPPCL JSEB 30 ACSR Panther
Sahupuri-Karmanasa 1 S/C UPPCL BSPHCL 27 ACSR Panther
Chandauli-Karmanasa 1 S/C UPPCL BSPHCL 25 ACSR Panther
NR-ER
HVDC
Link
400KV
132KV
UPPCL+
BSPHCL
July 2013-Rev 0
96 of 198
Annexure VIII
I/R LINK
Voltage
Level
Tower
configuration
S/C or D/C
O & M by
Agency at
End 1
Agency at
End 2
line length
in Km
Conductor Type
HVDC
Link
+/- 500 kV, Bhadravati HVDC Back
to Back (2x500 MW)
- - PG PG PG - -
Kolhaphur-Chikkodi 1 D/C
MSETCL/
KPTCL
MSETCL KPTCL 65 ACSR Drake
Kolhaphur-Chikkodi 2 D/C
MSETCL/
KPTCL
MSETCL KPTCL 65 ACSR Drake
Ponda-Ambewadi 1 D/C GOA/KPTCL GOA KPTCL 108 ACSR Drake
Xeldom-Ambewadi 2 D/C GOA/KPTCL GOA KPTCL 108 ACSR Drake
Raigarh-Sterlite 1 D/C PG / SEL PG SEL 147 Twin Moose
Raigarh-Sterlite 2 D/C PG / SEL PG SEL 147 Twin Moose
Raigarh-Jharsuguda 1 D/C PG PG PG 110 Twin Moose
Raigarh-Jharsuguda 2 D/C PG PG PG 110 Twin Moose
Sipat-Ranchi 1 D/C PG PG PG 405 Twin Moose
Sipat-Ranchi 2 D/C PG PG PG 405 Twin Moose
Raigarh-Budhipadar 1 S/C
CSPTCL/
GRIDCO
CSPTCL GRIDCO 81 ACSR Zebra
Korba(East)-Budhipadar 2 D/C
CSPTCL/
GRIDCO
CSPTCL GRIDCO 180 ACSR Zebra
Korba(East)-Budhipadar 3 D/C PG CSPTCL GRIDCO 180 ACSR Zebra
+/- 500 kV, Gajuwaka HVDC Back
to Back ( 2 x 500MW)
- - PG PG PG - -
+/- 500 kV, 2x1000 MW,
Talcher(ER) -Kolar(SR) HVDC
Bipole
- Bipole PG PG PG 1368 Quad Bersimis
Binaguri-Bongaigaon 1 D/C PG PG PG 216 Twin Moose
Binaguri-Bongaigaon 2 D/C PG PG PG 216 Twin Moose
220KV Birpara-Salakati 1 D/C PG PG PG 160 ACSR Zebra
220KV Birpara-Salakati 2 D/C PG PG PG 160 ACSR Zebra
* By passed * w.e.f 01.12.08 and operationalised periodically in HVDC mode to ensure healthiness of equipments
ER-NER
400KV
WR-SR
220kV
WR-ER
400KV
220KV
ER-SR
HVDC
Link
July 2013-Rev 0
97 of 198
Annexure VIII
Region
Voltage
Level
Tower
configuration
S/C or D/C
O & M by
Agency
at End 1
Agency
at End 2
line
length
in Km
Conductor Type
RIHAND-DADRI BIPOLE Pole 1 Bipole PG PG PG 815 Quad Moose
RIHAND-DADRI BIPOLE Pole 2 Bipole PG PG PG 815 Quad Moose
BALIA-BHIWADI BIPOLE Pole 1 Bipole PG PG PG 780 Quad Moose
BALIA-BHIWADI BIPOLE Pole 2 Bipole PG PG PG 780 Quad Moose
CHANDRAPUR-PADGE BIPOLE Pole 1 Bipole MSETCL MSETCL MSETCL 752 Twin Moose
CHANDRAPUR-PADGE BIPOLE Pole 2 Bipole MSETCL MSETCL MSETCL 752 Twin Moose
WR
+/- 500KV
HVDC
2.HVDC LINKS ( EXCLUDING INTER REGIONAL LINKS)
NR
+/- 500KV
HVDC
+/- 500KV
HVDC
98 of 198
Annexure VIII
Sl.No Region
Voltage
Level
Tower
configuration
S/C or D/C
O & M by
Agency at
End 1
Agency at
End 2
line
length
in Km
Conductor Type
1 765KV ANPARA C-UNNAO 1 S/C UPPCL LANCO UPPCL 409 Quad Bersimis
2 765KV BALIA-LUCKNOW 1 S/C PG PG PG 316 Quad Bersimis
3 765 KV FATEHPUR-AGRA 1 S/C PG PG PG 178 Quad Bersimis
4 765KV MOGA-BHIWANI(PG) 1 S/C PG PG PG 273 Quad Bersimis
5 765KV JHATIKARA-BHIWANI(PG) 1 S/C PG PG PG 85 Quad Bersimis
6 765KV AGRA-JHATIKARA 1 S/C PG PG PG 245 Quad Bersimis
7 765KV AGRA-MEERUT 1 S/C PG PG PG 260 Quad Bersimis
3. 765kV LINES ( EXCLUDING INTER REGIONAL LINKS)
NR
99 of 198
Annexure VIII
Sl.No Region
Voltage
Level
Tower
configuration
S/C or D/C
O & M by
Agency at
End 1
Agency at
End 2
line
length
in Km
Conductor Type
3. 765kV LINES ( EXCLUDING INTER REGIONAL LINKS)
8 765KV SIPAT-BILASPUR 1 1 S/C PG NTPC PG 22 Quad Bersimis
9 765KV SIPAT-BILASPUR 2 2 S/C PG NTPC PG 22 Quad Bersimis
10 765KV SEONI-BILASPUR 1 1 S/C PG PG PG 337 Quad Bersimis
11 765KV SEONI-BILASPUR 2 2 S/C PG PG PG 338 Quad Bersimis
12 765KV SEONI-WARDHA 1 1 S/C PG PG PG 268 Quad Bersimis
13 765KV SEONI-WARDHA 2 2 S/C PG PG PG 261 Quad Bersimis
14 765KV SATNA-BINA 1 1 S/C PG PG PG 274 Quad Bersimis
15 765KV SATNA-BINA 2 2 S/C PG PG PG 276 Quad Bersimis
16 765KV SEONI-BINA 1 1 S/C PG PG PG 292 Quad Bersimis
17 765KV BINA-GWALIOR 1 1 S/C PG PG PG 234 Quad Bersimis
18 765KV BINA-GWALIOR 2 2 S/C PG PG PG 235 Quad Bersimis
19 765KV SASAN-SATNA 1 1 S/C PG
SASAN
UMPP
PG 243 Quad Bersimis
20 765KV SASAN-SATNA 2 2 S/C PG
SASAN
UMPP
PG 246 Quad Bersimis
WR
100 of 198
Annexure VIII
End 1 End 2 Ckt ID End 1 End 2
1 Gaya Fatehpur 1 1 x 240 1 x 330
330 MVAR Mid
point reactor at
Sasaram
2 Sasaram Fatehpur 1 1 x 330 1 x 330
3 Agra Gwalior 1 - -
4 Agra Gwalior 2 - -
5 Fatehpur Agra 1 1 x 330 1 x 240
6 Balia Lucknow 1 1 x 240 1 x 240
7 Anpara Unnao 1 1 x 330 1 x 330
8 Moga Bhiwani 1 1 x 240 -
9 Bhiwani Jhatikara 1 - -
10 Agra Jhatikara 1 - 1 x 240
11 Agra Meerut 1 - 1 x 240
4. 765kV - LINE REACTORS
Sl.
No
Region
NAME OF THE LINE
Line Reactor
(MVAR)
Remarks
INTER
REGIONAL
NORTHERN
REGION
NLDC
Operating Procedures for National Grid July 2013-Rev 0
101 of 198
Annexure VIII
End 1 End 2 Ckt ID End 1 End 2
12 Sipat Bilaspur 1 1 x 240 -
13 Sipat Bilaspur 2 1 x 240 -
14 Bilaspur Seoni 1 1 x 240 1 x 240
15 Bilaspur Seoni 2 1 x 240 1 x 240
16 Seoni Wardha 1 -- 1 x 240
17 Seoni Wardha 2 -- 1 x 240
18 Seoni Bina 1 1 x 240 1 x 240
19 Satna Bina 1 1 x 240 1 x 240
20 Satna Bina 2 1 x 240 1 x 240
21 Bina Gwalior 1 1 x 240 1 x 240
22 Bina Gwalior 2 1 x 240 1 x 240
23 Sasan Satna 1 - -
24 Sasan Satna 2 - -
Sl.
No
Region
NAME OF THE LINE Line Reactor(MVAR)
Remarks
WESTERN
REGION
NLDC
102 of 198
Annexure VIII
Sl.
No
Region Substation 765/400kV ICT
1 Fatehpur 1500 x 2=3000
2 Agra 1500 x 2=3000
3 Balia 1500 x 2=3000
4 Lucknow 1500 x 2=3000
5 Moga 1500 x 2=3000
6 Bhiwani 1000 x 2=2000
7 Jhatikara 1500 x 4=6000
8 Meerut 1500 x 2=3000
9 Anpara 1000 x 2=2000
10 Unnao 1000 x 2=2000
5. 765kV ICT AND BUS REACTORS
Bus Reactor
MVAR
Remarks
NORTHERN
REGION
1 x 330
2 x 240=480
3x 240=720
1 x 240
2 x 240=480
2 x 240=480
1 x 240=240
1 x 240
1 x 189
1 x 189
NLDC
103 of 198
Annexure VIII
Sl.
No
Region Substation 765/400kV ICT
5. 765kV ICT AND BUS REACTORS
Bus Reactor
MVAR
Remarks
11 Gwalior 1500 x 2=3000
12 Sipat 1000 x 2=2000
13 Bilaspur 1500 x 3=4500
14 Seoni 1500 x 3=4500
15 Wardha 1500 x 3=4500
16 Bina 1000 x 2=2000
17 Satna 1000 x 2=2000
18 Sasan 1000 x 1=1000
19 Gaya 1500 x 3=4500
20 Sasaram 1500 x 1=1500
WESTERN
REGION
-
1 x 240
1 x 240
1 x 240
1 x 240
1 x 240
1 x 240
-
EASTERN
REGION
2 x 240=480
1 x 330
NLDC
104 of 198
Annexure VIII
SL
NO
VOLTAGE
KV
FROM TO
Circuit
ID
Tower
configuration
S/C or D/C
O & M by
Agency at
End 1
Agency at
End 2
LINE LENGTH
CKMs
Conductor Type
TTC / ATC
impact
1 400 KANKROLI RAPP - C & D 1 D/C PG PG NPCIL 199 Twin Moose WR-NR
2 400 KANKROLI RAPP - C & D 2 D/C PG PG NPCIL 199 Twin Moose WR-NR
3 400 BHINMAL KANKROLI 1 D/C PG PG PG 202 Twin Moose WR-NR
4 400 SINGRAULI STPS HVDC VINDHYACHAL 1 S/C PG NTPC PG 3 Twin Moose WR-NR
5 400 SINGRAULI STPS HVDC VINDHYACHAL 2 S/C PG NTPC PG 5 Twin Moose WR-NR
6 400 SINGRAULI STPS ANPARA 1 S/C PG NTPC PG 25 Twin Moose WR-NR
7 400 BHIWANI PG MOHINDERGARH 1 D/C APL PG APL 50 Twin Moose WR-NR
8 400 BHIWANI PG MOHINDERGARH 2 D/C APL PG APL 50 Twin Moose WR-NR
9 400 DHANONDA MOHINDERGARH 1 D/C APL HVPNL APL 5 Quad Moose WR-NR
10 400 DHANONDA MOHINDERGARH 2 D/C APL HVPNL APL 5 Quad Moose WR-NR
6. IMPORTANT INTRA REGIONAL LINES HAVING IMPACT ON TRANSFER CAPABILITY
NORTHERN REGION
July 2013-Rev 0
105 of 198
Annexure VIII
SL
NO
VOLTAGE
KV
FROM TO
Circuit
ID
Tower
configuration
S/C or D/C
O & M by
Agency at
End 1
Agency at
End 2
LINE LENGTH
CKMs
Conductor Type
TTC / ATC
impact
1 400 BHILAI KORADI 1 S/C PG CSPTCL PG 272 Twin Moose ER-W3
2 400 BHILAI SEONI 1 S/C
MPPTCL/
CSPTCL
CSPTCL PG 232 Twin Moose ER-W3
3 400 BINA SHUJALPUR 1 D/C PG PG PG 198 Twin Moose WR-NR
4 400 BINA SHUJALPUR 2 D/C PG PG PG 198 Twin Moose WR-NR
5 400 RAIPUR BHADRAVATI I 1 D/C PG PG PG 333 Twin Moose WR-SR
6 400 RAIPUR BHADRAVATI II 2 D/C PG PG PG 333 Twin Moose WR-SR
7 400 RAIPUR BHADRAVATI III 3 D/C PG PG PG 345 Twin Moose WR-SR
8 400 BHADRAVATI BHILAI 1 S/C PG PG CSPTCL 322 Twin Moose WR-SR
9 400 SOJA ZERDA 1 S/C GETCO GETCO GETCO 135 Twin Moose WR-NR
10 400 RANCHODPURA ZERDA 1 D/C GETCO GETCO GETCO 135 Twin Moose WR-NR
11 400 RANCHODPURA ZERDA 2 D/C GETCO GETCO GETCO 135 Twin Moose WR-NR
12 400 APL MUNDRA SAMI 1 D/C APL APL APL 282 Twin Moose WR-NR
13 400 APL MUNDRA SAMI 2 D/C APL APL APL 282 Twin Moose WR-NR
14 400 APL MUNDRA HADALA 1 S/C GETCO APL GETCO 238 Twin Moose WR-NR
WESTERN REGION
July 2013-Rev 0
106 of 198
Annexure VIII
SL
NO
VOLTAGE
KV
FROM TO
Circuit
ID
Tower
configuration
S/C or D/C
O & M by
Agency at
End 1
Agency at
End 2
LINE LENGTH
CKMs
Conductor Type
TTC / ATC
impact
15 400 APL MUNDRA VARSANA 1 S/C GETCO APL GETCO 166 Twin Moose WR-NR
16 400 CGPL BACHHAU 1 D/C PG CGPL PG 99 Triple snowbird WR-NR
17 400 CGPL BACHHAU 2 D/C PG CGPL PG 99 Triple snowbird WR-NR
18 400 CGPL CHORANIA 1 D/C PG CGPL GETCO 314 Triple snowbird WR-NR
19 400 CGPL CHORANIA 2 D/C PG CGPL GETCO 314 Triple snowbird WR-NR
20 400 CGPL JETPUR 1 D/C PG CGPL GETCO - Triple snowbird WR-NR
21 400 CGPL JETPUR 2 D/C PG CGPL GETCO - Triple snowbird WR-NR
22 400 RAIPUR WARDHA 1 D/C PG PG PG 373 Quad Moose W3
23 400 RAIPUR WARDHA 2 D/C PG PG PG 373 Quad Moose W3
24 400 WARDHA AKOLA 1 D/C PG PG MSETCL 324 Twin Moose W3
25 400 WARDHA AKOLA 2 D/C PG PG MSETCL 324 Twin Moose W3
26 220 GWALIOR PG GWALIOR MP 1 D/C MPPTCL PG MPPTCL 11 ACSR Zebra WR-NR
27 220 GWALIOR PG GWALIOR MP 2 D/C MPPTCL PG MPPTCL 11 ACSR Zebra WR-NR
28 220 GWALIOR PG MALANPUR 1 D/C MPPTCL PG MPPTCL 38 ACSR Zebra WR-NR
29 220 GWALIOR PG MALANPUR 2 D/C MPPTCL PG MPPTCL 38 ACSR Zebra WR-NR
30 220 GWALIOR MP BINA MP 1 D/C MPPTCL MPPTCL MPPTCL 246 ACSR Zebra WR-NR
31 220 GWALIOR MP BINA MP 2 D/C MPPTCL MPPTCL MPPTCL 246 ACSR Zebra WR-NR
WESTERN REGION
July 2013-Rev 0
107 of 198
Annexure VIII
SL
NO
VOLTAGE
KV
FROM TO
Circuit
ID
Tower
configuration
S/C or D/C
O & M by
Agency at
End 1
Agency at
End 2
LINE LENGTH
CKMs
Conductor Type
TTC / ATC
impact
1 400 RAMAGUNDAM BHADRAVATI I 1 D/C PG NTPC PG 178 Twin Moose WR-SR
2 400 RAMAGUNDAM BHADRAVATI II 2 D/C PG NTPC PG 178 Twin Moose WR-SR
3 400 JEYPORE GAjUWAKA I 1 D/C PG PG PG 220 Twin AAAC ER-SR
4 400 JEYPORE GAjUWAKA I I 2 D/C PG PG PG 220 Twin AAAC ER-SR
5 400 VIJAYAWADA NELLORE I 1 D/C PG PG PG 340 Twin Moose ER-SR
6 400 VIJAYAWADA NELLORE II 2 D/C PG PG PG 340 Twin Moose ER-SR
7 400 HOSUR SALEM 1 S/C PG PG PG 126 Twin Moose S1-S2
8 400 SOMANAHALLI SALEM 1 D/C PG PG PG 181 Twin Moose S1-S2
SOUTHERN REGION
July 2013-Rev 0
108 of 198
Annexure VIII
SL
NO
VOLTAGE
KV
FROM TO
Circuit
ID
Tower
configuration
S/C or D/C
O & M by
Agency at
End 1
Agency at
End 2
LINE LENGTH
CKMs
Conductor Type
TTC / ATC
impact
1 400 PURNEA MUZAFFARPUR 1 D/C Powerlinks PG PG 240 Quad Moose
ER-NER &
ER-NR
2 400 PURNEA MUZAFFARPUR 2 D/C Powerlinks PG PG 240 Quad Moose
ER-NER &
ER-NR
3 400 MALDA PURNEA I 1 D/C PG PG PG 167 Twin Moose
ER-NER &
ER-NR
4 400 MALDA PURNEA II 2 D/C PG PG PG 167 Twin Moose
ER-NER &
ER-NR
5 400 PURNEA BINAGURI 1 D/C PG PG PG 168 Twin Moose ER-NER
6 400 PURNEA BINAGURI 2 D/C PG PG PG 168 Twin Moose ER-NER
7 400 PURNEA BINAGURI 3 D/C PG PG PG 160 Quad Moose ER-NER
8 400 PURNEA BINAGURI 4 D/C PG PG PG 160 Quad Moose ER-NER
9 400 FARAKKA MALDA 1 D/C PG NTPC PG 40 Twin Moose
ER-NER &
ER-NR
10 400 FARAKKA MALDA 2 D/C PG NTPC PG 40 Twin Moose
ER-NER &
ER-NR
11 400 BIHARSHARIFF SASARAM - I 1 D/C PG PG PG 195 Twin Moose ER-NR
12 400 BIHARSHARIFF SASARAM - II 2 D/C PG PG PG 195 Twin Moose ER-NR
13 400 BIHARSHARIFF SASARAM - III 3 D/C PG PG PG 195 Quad Moose ER-NR
14 400 FARAKKA KAHALGAON I 1 D/C PG NTPC NTPC 95 Twin Moose ER-NR
15 400 FARAKKA KAHALGAON II 2 D/C PG NTPC NTPC 95 Twin Moose ER-NR
16 400 FARAKKA KAHALGAON III 3 D/C PG NTPC NTPC 95 Twin Moose ER-NR
17 400 FARAKKA KAHALGAON IV 4 D/C PG NTPC NTPC 95 Twin Moose ER-NR
18 400 KAHALGAON BIHARSHARIFF I 1 D/C PG NTPC PG 201 Twin Moose ER-NR
EASTERN REGION
July 2013-Rev 0
109 of 198
Annexure VIII
SL
NO
VOLTAGE
KV
FROM TO
Circuit
ID
Tower
configuration
S/C or D/C
O & M by
Agency at
End 1
Agency at
End 2
LINE LENGTH
CKMs
Conductor Type
TTC / ATC
impact
19 400 KAHALGAON BIHARSHARIFF II 2 D/C PG NTPC PG 201 Twin Moose ER-NR
20 400 KAHALGAON BANKA I 1 D/C PG NTPC PG 47 Twin Moose ER-NR
21 400 KAHALGAON BANKA II 2 D/C PG NTPC PG 47 Twin Moose ER-NR
22 400 BANKA BIHARSHARIFF I 1 D/C PG PG PG 184 Twin Moose ER-NR
23 400 BANKA BIHARSHARIFF II 2 D/C PG PG PG 184 Twin Moose ER-NR
24 400 MAITHON KAHALGAON I 1 D/C PG PG NTPC 172 Twin Moose ER-NR
25 400 MAITHON KAHALGAON II 2 D/C PG PG NTPC 172 Twin Moose ER-NR
26 400 MAITHON KODERMA 1 D/C PG PG DVC 260 Quad Moose ER-NR
27 400 MAITHON KODERMA 2 D/C PG PG DVC 260 Quad Moose ER-NR
28 400 BARH PATNA 1 D/C PG NTPC PG 94 Quad Moose ER-NR
`
29 400 BARH PATNA 2 D/C PG NTPC PG 94 Quad Moose ER-NR
30 400 BARH KAHALGAON I 1 D/C PG NTPC NTPC 217 Quad Moose ER-NR
`
31 400 BARH KAHALGAON II 2 D/C PG NTPC NTPC 217 Quad Moose ER-NR
32 400 KODERMA BIHARSHARIFF I 1 D/C PG DVC PG 111 Quad Moose ER-NR
33 400 KODERMA BIHARSHARIFF II 2 D/C PG DVC PG 111 Quad Moose ER-NR
34 400 STERLITE ROURKELA 1 D/C D/C/SEL SEL PG 114 Twin Moose ER-WR
35 400 STERLITE ROURKELA 2 D/C D/C/SEL SEL PG 114 Twin Moose ER-WR
36 400 JHARSUGUDA ROURKELA 1 D/C PG PG PG 112 Twin Moose ER-WR
37 400 JHARSUGUDA ROURKELA 2 D/C PG PG PG 112 Twin Moose ER-WR
38 400 ROURKELA JAMSHEDPUR 1 D/C PG PG PG 174 Twin Moose ER-WR
EASTERN REGION
July 2013-Rev 0
110 of 198
Annexure VIII
SL
NO
VOLTAGE
KV
FROM TO
Circuit
ID
Tower
configuration
S/C or D/C
O & M by
Agency at
End 1
Agency at
End 2
LINE LENGTH
CKMs
Conductor Type
TTC / ATC
impact
39 400 ROURKELA JAMSHEDPUR 2 D/C PG PG PG 174 Twin Moose ER-WR
40 400 MAITHON MEJIA B 1 D/C PG PG DVC 84 Twin Moose W3-ER
41 400 MAITHON MEJIA B 2 D/C PG PG DVC 84 Twin Moose W3-ER
42 400 MAITHON MEJIA B 3 S/C PG PG DVC 97 Twin Moose W3-ER
43 400 MAITHON MPL 1 D/C PG PG MPL 30 Twin Moose W3-ER
44 400 MAITHON MPL 2 D/C PG PG MPL 30 Twin Moose W3-ER
45 400 JEYPORE BOLANGIR 1 S/C PG PG PG 288 Twin Moose ER-SR
46 400 BOLANGIR ANGUL 1 S/C PG PG PG 199 Twin Moose ER-SR
47 400 ANGUL MERAMUNDALI 1 S/C PG PG OPTCL 25 Twin Moose ER-SR
48 400 TALCHER MERAMUNDALI 1 S/C PG NTPC OPTCL 51 Twin Moose ER-SR
49 400 TALCHER GMR 1 S/C PG NTPC GMR 46 Twin Moose ER-SR
50 400 GMR MERAMUNDALI 1 S/C PG GMR OPTCL 8 Twin Moose ER-SR
51 400 TALCHER ROURKELA 1 D/C NTPC PG PG 171 Twin Moose ER-SR
52 400 TALCHER ROURKELA 2 D/C NTPC PG PG 171 Twin Moose ER-SR
53 400 JEYPORE INDRAVATI 1 S/C PG PG PG 72 Twin Moose ER-SR
54 400 RENGALI KEONJHAR 1 S/C PG PG PG - Twin Moose ER-SR
55 400 KEONJHAR BARIPADA 1 S/C OPTCL PG PG 156 Twin Moose ER-SR
56 400 BARIPADA JAMSHEDPUR 1 S/C PG PG PG 116 Twin Moose ER-SR
57 400 KHARAGPUR BARIPADA 1 S/C
WBSETCL &
OPTCL
WBSETCL PG 98 Twin Moose ER-SR
58 400 KHARAGPUR KOLAGHAT 1 S/C WBSETCL WBSETCL WBSETCL 80 Twin Moose ER-SR
EASTERN REGION
July 2013-Rev 0
111 of 198
Annexure VIII
SL
NO
VOLTAGE
KV
FROM TO
Circuit
ID
Tower
configuration
S/C or D/C
O & M by
Agency at
End 1
Agency at
End 2
LINE LENGTH
CKMs
Conductor Type
TTC / ATC
impact
1 400 BALIPARA BONGAIGAON I 1 D/C PG PG PG 290 Twin Moose ER-NER
2 400 BALIPARA BONGAIGAON II 2 D/C PG PG PG 290 Twin Moose ER-NER
3 400 MISA BALIPARA I 1 D/C PG PG PG 96 Twin Moose ER-NER
4 400 MISA BALIPARA II 2 D/C PG PG PG 96 Twin Moose ER-NER
5 400 BALIPARA RANGANADI I 1 D/C PG PG PG 166 Twin Moose ER-NER
6 400 BALIPARA RANGANADI II 2 D/C PG PG PG 166 Twin Moose ER-NER
7 400 PALLATANA SILCHAR I 1 D/C NETC OTPC PG 247 Twin Moose ER-NER
8 400 PALLATANA SILCHAR II 2 D/C NETC OTPC PG 247 Twin Moose ER-NER
9 400 SILCHAR II KILLING 1 D/C
NETC/
MePTCL
OTPC MePTCL 217 Twin Moose ER-NER
10 220 BTPS SALAKATI I 1 D/C PG AEGCL PG 3 Twin Moose ER-NER
11 220 BTPS SALAKATI II 2 D/C PG AEGCL PG 3 Twin Moose ER-NER
12 220 BTPS AGIA I 1 D/C AEGCL AEGCL AEGCL 63 AAAC Zebra ER-NER
13 220 BTPS AGIA II 2 D/C AEGCL AEGCL AEGCL 63 AAAC Zebra ER-NER
14 220 AGIA SARUSAJAI 1 D/C AEGCL AEGCL AEGCL 131 AAAC Zebra ER-NER
15 220 AGIA BOKO 1 D/C AEGCL AEGCL AEGCL 70 AAAC Zebra ER-NER
16 220 BOKO SARUSAJAI 1 D/C AEGCL AEGCL AEGCL 61 AAAC Zebra ER-NER
17 220 BALIPARA SAMAGURI 1 S/C PG/AEGCL PG AEGCL 65 AAAC Zebra ER-NER
18 220 SAMAGURI SARUSAJAI 1 D/C AEGCL AEGCL AEGCL 130 AAAC Zebra ER-NER
19 220 SAMAGURI SARUSAJAI 2 D/C AEGCL AEGCL AEGCL 130 AAAC Zebra ER-NER
NORTH EASTERN REGION
July 2013-Rev 0
112 of 198
Annexure VIII
I/R LINK
Voltage
Level
Tower
configuration
S/C or D/C
O & M by
Agency at
End 1
Agency at
End 2
line length
in Km
Conductor Type
NR-Nepal 132 KV Tanakpur-Mahendernagar 1 S/C PG NHPC NEP 3
132 KV Balmiknagar (BSEB)-Surajpura 1 S/C BSEB NEP
132 KV Kataiya (BSEB)-Duhabi 1 S/C BSEB NEP
33 KV Thakurganj (BSEB)-Bhadarpur 1 S/C BSEB NEP
33 KV Raxaul (BSEB)-Birganj 1 S/C BSEB NEP
33 KV Kataiya (BSEB) Biratnagar 1 S/C BSEB NEP
33 KV Jaynagr(BSEB)-Siraha 1 S/C BSEB NEP
33 KV Kataiya (BSEB) Rajbiraj 1 S/C BSEB NEP
33 KV Sitamari (BSEB) Jaleswar 1 S/C BSEB NEP
11 KV Jogbani (BSEB)-Biratnagari 1 S/C BSEB NEP
11 KV Bargania (BSEB) Gaur 1 S/C BSEB NEP
7.TRANS NATIONAL LINK
ER-Nepal
113 of 198
Annexure VIII
I/R LINK
Voltage
Level
Tower
configuration
S/C or D/C
O & M by
Agency at
End 1
Agency at
End 2
line length
in Km
Conductor Type
132 KV Salakati - Gelephu 1 S/C PG PG Bhutan 49.2 ACSR Panther
132 KV Rangia -Deothang 1 S/C PG AEGCL Bhutan 49 ACSR Panther
11 KV Bongaigaon -Gaylegphug 1 S/C AEGCL Bhutan
11 KV Tamalpur -SamdrupJongkhar 1 S/C AEGCL Bhutan
11 KV Dampuri-Daifan 1 S/C AEGCL Bhutan
400KV Binaguri -Tala-I ( India portion) 1 D/C PG PG THEP 115 Twin Moose
400KV Binaguri -Tala- II ( India portion) 2 D/C PG PG THEP 115 Twin Moose
400KV Binaguri -Tala- IV ( India portion) 4 S/C PG PG THEP 98 Twin Moose
400KV Binaguri -Malbase-III (India portion) 1 S/C PG PG THEP 121 Twin Moose
220KV Birpara - Chukha - I (India portion) 1 D/C PG PG Bhutan 38 ACSR Zebra
220KV Birpara -Chukha - II (India portion) 2 D/C PG PG Bhutan 38 ACSR Zebra
220KV Birpara - Malbase ( India portion) 1 S/C PG PG Bhutan 40 ACSR Zebra
11 KV kalchini-phuntsholing 1 S/C WBSETCL Bhutan
11 KV Jaldhaka-Sibsoo 1 S/C WBSETCL Bhutan
11 KV Banarhat - Samchi 1 S/C WBSETCL Bhutan
NER-BHUTAN
ER-BHUTAN
114 of 198
ANNEXURE IX

Draft Procedure for Transmission
Elements Outage Planning

March 2013

The procedure aims to streamline the process of outage coordination between SLDCs, RLDCs, NLDC,
RPCs and Indenting Agencies
Annexure IX- Outage Planning Procedure
115 of 198
1. Introduction
Reliable operation of the All India grid is important from the view point of
Quality Of Service (QoS) to the customers and other stakeholders. Proper co-
ordination of transmission outages in the system is one of the key aspects to
ensuring reliability. Outages in the transmission network could either be on
account of planned maintenance activities or construction related activities or
any emergency conditions arising in the field. Proper coordination of
transmission element outage is important mainly due to the following factors:
i. Reliability of operation of the All India grid
ii. Certainty to the electricity markets.
iii. Proper crew resource mobilization at the work sites to ensure that
outage time is minimized.
iv. Proper coordination of works by different entities to ensure that
outage time is optimised.

Outage Coordination has been one of the important functions of Regional
Power Committees (RPCs), Regional Load Despatch Centres (RLDCs) and
National Load Despatch Centre (NLDC) and is the first stage of operational
planning. As per Indian Electricity Grid Code (IEGC), the responsibility to
undertake planning of outage of transmission system has been assigned to
RPCs. The outages of the inter-state transmission lines and intra state elements
which are important for the region are being coordinated by RLDCs. In the
cases where the outages may have an impact across two or more regions,
coordination is in consultation with NLDC. The relevant clauses of IEGC in this
regard are quoted below:
2.4.2 The following functions which go to facilitate the stability and smooth
operation of the systems are identified for the RPC:
(e) To undertake planning of outage of transmission system on annual /
monthly basis.
2.3 Role of RLDC
116 of 198

2.3.1.1The Regional Load Despatch Centre shall be the apex body to ensure
integrated operation of the power system in the concerned region

2.2 Role of NLDC

.. (f) Coordination with Regional Power Committees for regional outage
schedule in the national perspective to ensure optimal utilization of power
resources.

2. Objective
At present, planned outages are being discussed in respective Operation
Coordination Committee (OCC) meeting of RPCs and availed based on the
actual grid conditions and/or any changes requested by transmission system
owner or transmission element outage indenting agency. The approval of
planned as well as emergency outages in the transmission network level in real
time is being coordinated by RLDCs and NLDC based on system conditions. The
procedure aims to streamline the process of outage coordination between
SLDCs, RLDCs, NLDC, RPCs, owners of transmission assets and transmission
element outage Indenting Agencies. As outage planning is an important part of
operational planning, multi-layered checks would help in ensuring reliability of
the power system. These checks need to be at the following levels:
Due diligence between the agencies involved in the transmission asset
maintenance through bilateral discussion.
Study sub-committee of RPCs.
Operation Co-ordination sub-Committee of RPCs
Off-line simulations and planning at RLDCs/NLDC level
Real time check at RLDCs/NLDC level
3. Scope
The procedure is applicable to RPCs, RLDCs, NLDC, SLDCs, STUs, load serving
entities and indenting agency. It would be applicable once the annual outage
117 of 198
plan is finalized by 31
st
December of each year for the next financial year by
the RPCs as per the IEGC.
4. Procedure for discussing outages in OCC meeting.
4.1. Indenting Agency: The agency which gives the requisition for outage
of any transmission element shall be called Indenting Agency. Any of
the following may request for outage of any transmission elements:
4.1.1. Transmission Licensees / State Transmission Utilities
4.1.2. Generating Companies
4.2. Indenting Agency shall submit the proposed shutdown for the next
calendar month latest by 3
rd
day of the current month to the RPC
Secretariat as per Format IA / Format IB.
4.3. In case of shutdown of inter-regional lines and intra-regional lines
affecting the transfer capability of any inter regional corridor, the
Indenting agency shall submit the shutdown proposal in both the
concerned RPCs. To facilitate this broad list of such lines is indicated
at Annexure II which will be reviewed and updated by NLDC from
time to time. The indenting agency may do an internal screening of
its outage plan centrally to avoid multiple outages in the same
corridor simultaneously. Bilateral discussion between the agencies
involved may also be done to minimize outage duration before
submitting the outage plan to RPCs.
4.4. RPC Secretariat shall compile all the received proposals and put up
the same on its website by 5
th
day of the month as per Format IIA /
Format IIB.
4.5. System Study sub-committee of RPCs shall study the impact of these
outages and based on its recommendations, RPC shall discuss
proposed outages in the OCC meeting and prepare a list of approved
transmission outages with the precautions to be taken. RPCs would
attempt to schedule all their OCC meetings between 10
th
to 15
th
day
of the month so that sufficient time is available both to the Study
Committee before the OCC meetings as well as for RLDCs/NLDC
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(mainly to take care of further changes in the network topology
and/or in load generation) after the OCC meeting.
4.6. While approving the shutdowns it shall be ensured that outages in
the same corridor shall not be approved simultaneously. It also need
to be ensured that all other concerned entities should also complete
their work during the shutdown period so as multiple shutdown of
same element for work by multiple agencies are avoided. The
multiple outages of the transmission element for the same work
during the year may also be avoided.

4.7. RPC shall send the list of approved transmission outages to
SLDCs/RLDCs/NLDC within 3 days of the OCC meeting and preferably
latest by 18
th
of the month as per Format IIIA / Format IIIB. The same
shall also be displayed on RPC websites.
4.8. Any shutdown proposal which requires approval of two RPCs shall be
considered approved only if it is approved in both the RPCs.
4.9. After the receipt of Format IIIA / Format IIIB from each RPC, NLDC in
consultation with RLDCs may prepare a tentative readjusted
timings/dates of transmission element outages for next month
considering the principles set out in this procedure.

5. Approving Load Despatch Centre and Consenting Load Despatch Centre
5.1. Approving Load Despatch Centre: The Load Despatch Centre
responsible for approving any transmission outage shall be called
Approving Load Despatch Centre.
5.2. Consenting Load Despatch Centre: The agency whose consent is
required by Approving Load Despatch Centre for approving any
outage shall be called Consenting Load Despatch Centre.
5.3. Once the RPCs approve the monthly outage plan, the responsibility
of approval of outages shall be as under:
119 of 198
Sl.No Type of Outage Consenting
Load Despatch
Centre
Approving Load
Despatch Centre
1 765 kV or above Lines Concerned
RLDCs
NLDC
2 Inter-Regional Lines Concerned
RLDCs
NLDC
3 HVDCs Concerned
RLDCs
NLDC
4 International
Interconnections

Concerned RLDC NLDC
5 Intra-Regional Lines
affecting transfer
capability of any inter
regional corridor.
Concerned
RLDCs
NLDC
6 Intra-Regional Lines
which does not affect
transfer capability of any
inter regional corridor
and included in the list of
important elements of
RLDCs (excluding lines
covered under sl no.1,3,4
and 5)
SLDCs RLDCs
7 All other lines (excluding
sl no. 1,2,3,4,5,6)
SLDC SLDC

6. Procedure for approval of outage on D-3 basis

6.1. Planned Outages which have been approved in the OCC meeting of a
region shall be considered for approval by RLDCs/NLDC on D-3 basis.
If an outage is to be availed on say 10
th
of the month, the indenting
agency would forward such requests to the concerned RLDC on 7
th
of
the month by 1000 hours. This practice is necessary to realize the
seriousness and readiness of the agency which indented the outage
request in the first place as it is observed that many outages are not
120 of 198
availed as per the monthly schedule. In case the request for
transmission element outage is not received within the timeline
prescribed above, it will be assumed that the indenting agency is not
availing the outage.
6.2. Request for outages which are approved by OCC must be sent by the
owner of the transmission asset at least 3 days in advance to
respective RLDC by 1000 hours as per Format IV.
6.3. In case the owner is not availing the OCC approved outage, the same
shall be intimated to the respective RLDC at least 3 days in advance.
6.4. Planned Outages which are approved in OCC meeting shall only be
considered for approval on D-3 basis.

6.5. Approval of Outage where Approving Authority is NLDC
6.5.1. RLDCs shall forward the request for shutdown along with their
consent and observation as per Format V to NLDC/other concerned
RLDCs with clear observations regarding possible constraints /
contingency plan and consent including study results by 1000 hours
of D-2 day. Other concerned RLDCs would forward their
observations/consent/reservations by 1600 hours of D-2.

6.5.2. NLDC shall approve the outage along with the clear
precautions/measures to be observed during the shutdown and
inform all concerned RLDCs.

6.5.3. The proposed outages shall be reviewed on day ahead basis
depending upon the system conditions and the outages shall be
approved/refused latest by 1200 Hrs of D-1 day. A suggestive format
for approval of outage is enclosed as Format VI.
121 of 198

6.5.4. In case the outage is approved precautions/measures to be
observed during the shutdown shall be stated. In case of refusal,
clear reasons shall be stated by the RLDCs/NLDC.
6.5.5. Outages impacting the transfer capability of more than one
corridor shall not be allowed simultaneously.

Sl No Activity Day Time
1 Request of shutdown from
Indenting agency to concerned
RLDC.
D-3 1000 hrs
2 Forwarding request of
shutdown requiring NLDC
approval from RLDC to other
concerned RLDCs and NLDC
(along with the
recommendations and study
result)
D-2 1000 hrs
3 Comments of other RLDCs or
NLDC
D-2 1800 hrs
4 Approval or Rejection of
Request
D-1 1200 hrs

6.6. Approval of Outage where Approving Authority is RLDC
6.6.1. In case the indenting agency is a state entity, the request for
transmission element outage shall be submitted to respective state
load despatch centre (SLDC). SLDC shall forward the request for
shutdown along with their consent and observation as per Format V
to RLDC.
6.6.2. In all other cases, the request for transmission element outage shall
be submitted to respective RLDC.
6.6.3. RLDC shall study the impact of proposed outages and approve /
refuse the outage latest by 1200 Hrs of D-1 day. A copy of the
122 of 198
approval / refusal shall also be sent to NLDC (for 400 kV and above
lines). A suggestive format for approval / refusal of outage is
enclosed as Format VI.
6.6.4. In case the outage is approved precautions/measures to be
observed during the shutdown shall be stated. In case of refusal,
clear reasons shall be stated by the SLDCs/RLDC
6.6.5. Outages in the same corridor shall not be approved simultaneously
shall be rescheduled accordingly.

6.7. Approval of Outage where Approving Authority is SLDC
6.7.1. SLDC shall study the impact of proposed outages on the system and
approve the outage latest by 1200 Hrs of D-1 day. The format VI as
suggested above can be used for approval / refusal of outage.
6.7.2. Outages in the same corridor shall not be approved simultaneously
and shall be rescheduled accordingly.
6.8. In case of any system constraint or any other reason, approving
authority may decline the proposed outage by giving the reasons for
the same and tentative dates for the shutdown.
6.9. In case, any approved outage is not availed in real time, the same
may not be allowed again in that month. In such a scenario,
indenting agency shall be required to submit a fresh proposal in the
next OCC meeting.
6.10. A list of all approved outages for the next day must be available in
the RLDCs/NLDC control room by 1900 hours with a copy of the
study results and special precautions, if any. This would be studied
by the night shift engineers so that the outage can be facilitated the
next day morning.

123 of 198
7. Approval of Emergency Outages
7.1. All outages which are not approved in the OCC meeting but having
impact on human and equipment safety and/or to meet any other
emergency requirement or special conditions shall be considered
under Emergency Outage category.
7.2. The request for emergency outage shall be submitted along with the
details like nature of emergency, impacts due to emergency
situation, reasons and associated facts for not considering in the
outage planning process.
7.3. Emergency outages shall be allowed subject to system conditions
and its severity. In this case, if required, planned outage may be
deferred, if possible.
7.4. Emergency outages shall be allowed immediately or within the short
possible time, based on the severity of the emergency and system
condition on instance to instance basis.

8. Availing Outages in real time
8.1. The agencies involved shall ensure availing of outages as per the
approved schedule time.
8.2. On the day of outage, the outage availing agency shall seek the code
for availing outage from respective RLDC(s) /NLDC (wherever
applicable). The agencies involved shall endeavour to avail the
outage with in 15 mintues of availing the code but not later than 30
minutes. In case, due to any contingency, the outage could not be
availed within 30 minutes, a fresh code needs to be obtained by all
concerned agencies stating the reason there of Record of scheduled
and actual time of outage and restoration shall be maintained at
RLDCs/NLDC.
8.3. RLDCs shall prepare a monthly statement of scheduled and actual
time of outage and restoration and forward the same to RPC latest
124 of 198
by 05
th
day of the next month with a copy to NLDC. The format is
enclosed as Format VIIA / Format VIIB.
8.4. SLDCs shall prepare a monthly statement of scheduled and actual
time of outage and restoration and forward the same to RPC latest
by 05
th
day of the next month with a copy to concerned RLDC. The
Format VIIA / Format VIIB as suggested above can be used for
sending the report to RPCs.
8.5. RLDCs/NLDC shall develop a separate web based portal for
information exchange subsequently, which would dispense with the
need for emails.
8.6. As any deviation in the outage from the schedule can affect other
planned outages as well as affect reliability and electricity markets,
indenting agency must strictly adhere to the shutdown timings.

9. Normalisation of Outages
9.1. All effort shall be made by the Indenting agency to normalise the
shut down within approved time period so that the transmission
element is normalised within the approved time period.
9.2. On completion of the outage work, the outage availing agency shall
seek the code for normalisation of elements from respective RLDC(s).
The agencies involved shall endeavour to normalise the outage with
in 15mintues of availing the code but not later than 30minutes. In
case, due to any contingency, the normalisation could not be done
with in 30minutes, a fresh code needs to be obtained by all
concerned agencies stating the reason thereof.
9.3. In case of extension of a shutdown, the Indenting agency would
furnish the reasons of extension, and expected normalisation time to
concerned RLDC/SLDC at least one hour before the scheduled
normalisation time.
9.4. Under such circumstances SLDCs/RLDCs/NLDC shall review the
impact of such delay on the shutdown already approved
125 of 198
transmission system and would reserve the right to review for
according/cancellation of the shutdown.
9.5. In case of repeated delay in normalisation of outages by any agency,
the same shall be reported by SLDCs/RLDCs/NLDC to RPCs.

10. Request for charging new elements
10.1. Owner of the transmission asset shall submit the request for
probable charging new elements for the next calendar month latest
by 3
rd
day of the current month to the RPC Secretariat.
10.2. System Study sub-committee of RPCs shall study the impact of
charging of new elements and based on its recommendations, RPC
shall discuss the requests for charging new elements in the OCC
meeting and prepare a list of new elements to be charged during the
next calendar month along with the precautions to be taken. RPC
shall send the list of new elements to be charged within 3 days of the
OCC meeting and latest by 18th of the month. The same shall also be
displayed on RPC websites.
10.3. The owner of the new transmission element shall inform the
concerned SLDC / RLDC / NLDC about the charging of the element
atleast 3 days in advance.
10.4. SLDCs / RLDCs / NLDC shall study the charging of all 400 kV and
above new elements and prepare charging instructions which shall
be forwarded to the asset owner along with the study results with a
copy to NLD
126 of 198
List of Formats

1 Format IA Request For Transmission
Element Outage
Indenting
Agency
RPC
2 Format IB Request For Bus, Bay, ICTs,
Reactor, FACTS, FSCs, SVCs
etc Outage
Indenting
Agency
RPC
3 Format IIA List of monthly proposed
shutdowns of Transmission
Lines
RPC Website
4 Format IIB List of monthly proposed
shutdowns of Bus, Bay,
ICTs, Reactor, FACTS, FSCs,
SVCs etc
RPC Website
5 Format IIIA List of monthly approved
shutdowns of Transmission
Lines
RPC NLDC/RLDC/SLDC
6 Format IIIB List of monthly approved
shutdowns of Bus, Bay,
ICTs, Reactor, FACTS, FSCs,
SVCs etc
RPC NLDC/RLDC/SLDC
7 Format IV Request for Transmission
Element Outage
Indenting
Agency
RLDC/SLDC
8 Format V Request for Transmission
Element Outage
RLDC NLDC
9 Format VI Approval of Outage RLDC /
NLDC
Indenting
Agency/RLDC
10 Format VIIA Monthly Shutdown Report
For Transmission Lines
SLDC/RLDC RPC
11 Format VIIB Monthly Shutdown Report
For For Bus, Bay, ICTs,
Reactor, FACTS, FSCs, SVCs
etc
SLDC/RLDC RPC
127 of 198
128 of 198
ANNEXURE X
Region STATES 48.8 Hz 48.6 Hz 48.2 Hz Total
Punjab 180 220 400 800
Haryana 110 140 350 600
Rajasthan 120 150 425 695
Delhi 110 140 350 600
UP 190 240 475 905
Uttarakhand 30 30 100 160
HP 20 20 75 115
J&K 40 50 75 165
Chandigarh 0 10 0 10
Total* 800 1000 2250 4050
Gujarat 220 220 295 735
Chatisgarh 38 38 50 126
Maharashtra 550 550 730 1830
MP 152 152 205 509
Total 960 960 1280 3200
Bihar
88 82
123 293
Jharkhand
58 51
70 179
DVC
132 143
166 441
Odisha
161 159
210 529
WB( Incl CESC)
313 285
430 1028
Total 752 719 998 2469
STATES 48.8 Hz 48.5 Hz 48.2 Hz Total
Arunachal Pradesh 3.5 3.5 3.5 10.5
Assam 35.8 15 20 70.8
Nagaland 3 3 3 9
Mizoram 5.1 5.1 5.1 15.3
Meghalaya 8 8 10 26
Tirupura 8 7 7 22
Manipur 5 5
Total 68.4 41.6 48.6 158.6
9878
STATES 49 Hz 48.8 Hz 48.6 Hz Total
Andhra Pradesh 887 1256 1424 3567
Karnataka 718 895 732 2345
Kerala 215 300 342 857
Pondicherry 21 36 36 93
48.8 Hz 48.5 Hz 48.2 Hz Total
Tamilnadu 835 1036 1208 3079
2676 3523 3742 9941
19819
* All the constituents would plan for 20% more quantum than the agreed for
achieving full planned relief from UFRs as per24th TCC and 27th NRPC
meeting decision dt. 10-11-2012.
ALL India Level
Total for SR Grid
SR
All India UFR Status
NR
WR
NER
Total for NEW Grid
NLDC
July 2013-Rev 0
Annexure X -UFR and df/dt settings
129 of 198
July 2013 Rev 0
STATES Peak MW Met 48.8 Hz 48.6 Hz 48.2 Hz Total
2008-09
Punjab 7309 180 220 400 800
Haryana 4791 110 140 350 600
Rajasthan 6101 120 150 425 695
Delhi 4034 110 140 350 600
UP 8248 190 240 475 905
Uttarakhand 1267 30 30 100 160
HP 1014 20 20 75 115
J&K 1380 40 50 75 165
Chandigarh 279 0 10 0 10
TOTAL * 29504 800 1000 2250 4050
STATES
Stage-I
49.9 Hz &
0.1 Hz/sec
Stage-II
49.9 Hz & 0.2
Hz/sec
Stage-III
49.9 Hz &
0.3 Hz/sec
Total
Punjab 430 490 490 1410
Haryana 280 310 310 900
Rajasthan 330 370 370 1070
Delhi 250 280 280 810
UP 500 280 280 1060
Uttarakhand 70 70 70 210
HP 50 70 70 190
J&K 90 90 90 270
Chandigarh 0 50 50 100
TOTAL 2000 2010 2010 6020
ANNEXURE X
AUTOMATIC UNDER FREQUENCY LOAD SHEDDING SCHEME IN NR
Load Relief in MW
State wise load relief of df/dt relays is as given below.
State wise load relief to be provided by UFRs in NR is as given below:
Load Relief in MW
* All the constituents would plan for 20% more quantum than the agreed for achieving full planned
relief from UFRs as per24th TCC and 27th NRPC meeting decision dt. 10-11-2012.
130 of 198
July 2013 Rev 0
GETCO MPPTCL CSEB MSETCL
48.8 Inst. 960 220 152 38 550
48.6 Inst. 960 220 152 38 550
48.2 Inst. 1280 295 205 50 730
Total Inst. 3200 735 509 126 1830
Frequency Trend Relays (df/dt relays)
Settings (Hz/Sec)
Recommended
Load Relief for
WR (MW)
REGION GETCO MPPTCL MSETCL Mumbai CSEB
49.2/0.4 (St-III) 2472 1001 392 686 273 120
49.0/0.2 (St-II) 2212 1001 393 687 91 40
48.8/0.01 (St-I) 3023 1521 546 825 91 40
Total 7707 3523 1331 2198 455 200
`
ANNEXURE X
Recommended
Load Relief for
WR (MW)
Implemented Load Relief (MW)
AUTOMATIC UNDER FREQUENCY LOAD SHEDDING SCHEME IN WR
Discrete Relays (AUFLS)
Load Relief (MW)
UFR
Setting
(Hz)
Time
delay
(Sec.)
Excludes load relief of Mumbai system under AUFLS (which is around 20% of MSETCL system)
131 of 198
July 2013 Rev 0
AUTOMATIC UNDER FREQUENCY LOAD SHEDDING SCHEME IN SR
Stage-1 Stage-2 Stage-3
49 Hz 48.8 Hz 48.6 Hz
Andhra Pradesh 887 1256 1424 3567
Karnataka 718 895 732 2345
Kerala 215 300 342 857
Pondicherry 21 36 36 93
Total 1841 2487 2534 6862
Stage-1 Stage-2 Stage-3
48.8 Hz 48.5 Hz 48.2 Hz
Load
Relief
(MW)
Tamilnadu 835 1036 1208 3079
9941
Andhra Pradesh
Stage B
Karnataka
Tamilnadu
Kerala
Total
Load
Relief
(MW)
Andhra Pradesh
Stage A
Presently available AUFR settings in Southern Region Grid are as follows:
ANNEXURE X
Trip: Frequency <=49.3 Hz and 0.3 Hz/sec fall of frequency (df/dt)
AUFR Settings:
Presently available AUFR settings in Southern Region Grid are as follows:
df/dt Settings:
ALARM: Frequency <= 49.5 Hz and 0.3 Hz/sec fall of frequency (df/dt)
Frequency setting Total
Frequency setting Total
Load
Relief
(MW)
Total SR
AUFR Settings:
Load
Relief
(MW)
Total SR
714
Setting
3984
Setting
901
175
3270
1635
559
132 of 198
July 2013 Rev 0
AUTOMATIC UNDER FREQUENCY LOAD SHEDDING SCHEME IN ER
ALL FIG ARE IN MW.
Agreed Actual Agreed Actual Agreed Actual
BSEB 80 88 80 82 115 122.5
JSEB 50 58 50 51 70 70
DVC 110 132.4 110 142.7 155 166.1
OPTCL 150 160.5 150 158.5 208 209.5
WB
( Incl CESC) 285 313 285 285 397 430
TOTAL 675 751.9 675 719.2 945 998.1
220
433
Constituents
Stage-I (48.8 Hz, Inst. .) Stage-II (48.6 Hz, Inst. .) Stage-III (48.2 Hz, Inst. .) Emergency
(47.6 Hz, Inst.)
ANNEXURE X
Nil
Nil
213
Nil
133 of 198
July 2013 Rev 0
AUTOMATIC UNDER FREQUENCY LOAD SHEDDING SCHEME IN NER
Peak Load Off Peak Load
1 Ar. Pradesh
11 KV Banderdewa Satyam
Ispat
Stage I (48.8 Hz) 3.5 MW 3.5 MW
Stage II (48.5 Hz) 3.5 MW 3.5 MW
Stage III (48.2 Hz) 3.5 MW 3.5 MW
2 Assam i) 132 KV Garmur (Jorhat I) Stage I (48.8 Hz) 13 MW 8 MW
ii) 220 KV Samaguri (Rupahi) 8 MW 6 MW
iii) 132 KV Panchgram
(Hailakandi)
7 MW 5 MW
iv) 132 KV Dhaligoan
(Chapaguri)
7.8 MW 4.5 MW
Total of Stage - I 35.8 MW 23.5 MW
i) 132 KV Depota (Jamaguri) Stage II (48.5 Hz) 8 MW 4 MW
ii) 220 KV Mariani (Teok) 7 MW 5 MW
Total of Stage - II 15 MW 9 MW
220 KV Samaguri (Mirza) 20 MW 15 MW
3 Manipur 33 kV Yurembum-Leimakhong Stage I (48.8 Hz) 5 MW 5 MW
4 Meghalaya 33 KV NEHU Happy Valley Stage I (48.8 Hz) 8 MW 5 MW
33 KV Nongstoin - Mairang Stage II (48.5 Hz) 8 MW 5 MW
33 KV Rongkhon - Garobadha Stage III (48.2 Hz) 10 MW 5 MW
5 Mizoram 33/11 KV Lower SS at Zuangtui Stage I (48.8 Hz) 5.1 MW 3.1 MW
33/11 KV Lower SS at Zuangtui Stage II (48.5 Hz) 5.1 MW 3.1 MW
33/11 KV Lower SS at Mualpui Stage III (48.2 Hz) 5.1 MW 3.1 MW
6 Nagaland 132/66/33 KV Mokokchung SS Stage I (48.8 Hz) 3 MW 3 MW
132/66/33 KV Nagarjan SS Stage II (48.5 Hz) 3 MW 3 MW
132/66/33 KV Kohima SS Stage III (48.2 Hz) 3 MW 3 MW
7 Tirupura 33 KV Mohan Pir Feeder Stage I (48.8 Hz) 8 MW 8 MW
33 KV Badharghat Feeder Stage II (48.5 Hz) 7 MW 7 MW
33 KV Durjoy Nagar Feeder Stage III (48.2 Hz) 7 MW 7 MW
Quantum of load relief
Stage-wise & Frequency setting
Name of feeder where UFR
Installed
Name of States
Sl.
No
ANNEXURE X
134 of 198
July 2013 Rev 0
135 of 198
July 2013 Rev 0
NLDC Operating Procedures for National Grid -SPS - July 2013-Rev 0 1
ANNEXUREXI
SystemProtectionSchemes-AllIndialevel
1. SUMMARYOFSYSTEMPROTECTIONSCHEMES(SPS)
AllSystemprotectionschemesareproposed,discussedandgettingapprovedinRPCmeetingssuch
asOCC,protection,TCCandRPCBoardmeetings.SPSwhichareapproved,implementationisyetto
commenceandSPSwhichareproposedareindiscussionstage.
TheSummaryofSystemprotectionschemesbothinter/Intraregionalwhichareinservice,andno
ofschemesApprovedaredetailedbelow
SL.
NO
REGION
No.of
SchemesIn
service
No.ofSchemes
approved(yettobe
operationalized)
Noof
schemes
under
discussion
Remarks
1 NORTHERNREGION 12 15 1
Inclusiveof
ER-NRand
WR-NR
corridors
2
EASTERNREGION
3 1 1
Inclusiveof
ER-SR
corridor
3
WESTERNREGION
4 2 3
Inclusiveof
WR-NR
corridor
4
SOUTHERNREGION
15 6
Inclusive
ER-SR
corridor
5
NORTHEASTERN
REGION
1 1
TOTAL
35 24 6 65
TheSystemprotectionschemesforInter/intra-regionalcorridor(Regionwise)dividedintothree
categoriesasstatedbelow.
i) SPSrelatedtotrippingofcriticalline/corridor
ii) SPSrelatedtosafeevacuationofGeneration
iii) SPSrelatedtooverloadingofTransformers
Annexure XI - SPS
136 of 198
TheSummaryofSPSbothinter/Intraregionalwhichareinservice,andnoofschemesyettobe
operationalizedbasedonthefollowingcategoriesaredetailedbelow
S.
No
Region
Trippingofcriticalline(s)/
corroder
Safeevacuationof
generation
Overloadingoftransformers

In
service
Approved
Under
discussion
In
service
Approved
Under
discussion
In
service
Approved
Under
discussion
TOTAL
1 Northern 6 4 1 1 5 - 5 6 28
2 Eastern 2 1 1 1 5
3 Western 1 2 1 3 2 9
4 Southern 5 4 6 4 2 21
5
North
Eastern
1 1 2
TOTAL 15 11 3 11 5 3 9 8 65
AlsotheSystemprotectionschemesforinter/intra-regionalcorridor(Regionwise)categorisedas
statedbelow
i) SPSrelatedtoGenerationrejection
ii) SPSrelatetoLoadrejection
iii) SPSrelatedtogeneration/loadrejection
iv) SPSrelatedtoHVDCcontrols
v) SPSrelatedtoothers
Annexure XI - SPS
137 of 198
2. SPSinNorthernRegion
SL.
NO
Nameofthe
Scheme
Implementi
ngAgency
Status
Approved
date
Remarks
Category
type
SPSrelatedtotrippingofcriticalline/Corridor
1
SPSforWR-NR
corridor
400kVAgra-
Gwalior&1&2
CTU Inservice 27-11-2010
WRPCidentified
Korba,
Vindhyachal,
APLMundrafor
backingdown
wherewideband
communicationis
available.
Load/
generation
rejection
2
SPSforWR-NR
corridor
SPSfor
contingencydueto
trippingofHVDC
Mundra-
Mahendergarh
Adani
power
Inservice 13-07-2012
Partially
implemented
furtherLoad
sheddingatNR
needstobe
identified.
Load
Rejection
3
SPSforER-NR
corridor
SPSforhigh
capacity400kV
Muzaffarpur-
GorakhpurD/C
Inter-regionaltie
linerelated
contingency
CTU Inservice 15-12-2006 Implemented
Load/
generation
rejection
4
SPSfor1500MW
HVDCRihand-
DadriBipolerelated
contingency
Generation
Rejection
5
SPSforHVDC
Balia-Bhiwadi
(phaseI)single
poleoutage
contingency
CTU Inservice 15-04-2010
Backingdownof
generationisyet
tobefinalisedin
ER
Load/
generation
rejection
6
SPSforreliabilityof
Uttarakhandpower
system(400kV
Moradabad-
Kashipur)
PTCUL Inservice 27-11-2010 Implemented
Load/
generation
rejection
7
SPSforHVDC
Balia-Bhiwadi
Bipole(phaseII)
CTU Approved 27-11-2010
ERPChad
forwardedits
commentsto
NRPCproposing
forbackingdown
ofgeneration,if
Load/
generation
rejection
Annexure XI - SPS
138 of 198
SL.
NO
Nameofthe
Scheme
Implementi
ngAgency
Status
Approved
date
Remarks
Category
type
anyfrom
KhSTPS-IIand
BarhSTPSof
NTPConly,
insteadoftheir
proposalfrom
FSTPS&
KhSTPS-I.
8
SPSfor
contingencydueto
trippingofmultiple
linesatDadri
NTPCdesired
thatthisscheme
beco-ordinated
withislanding
schemebeing
finalizedfor
Delhi.NTPC
agreedtosubmit
thebreakup
detailsofthe
backingdownat
DadriTh&CCGT.
NRLDCin
coordinationwith
NRPC,NTPChas
studiedtore
establishthe
requirementof
SPS.
Load/
generation
rejection
9
SPSfor
contingencydueto
multipletrippingat
Bawana
CTU/DTL Approved 27-11-2010
ReviewofSPS
underdiscussion
Load
rejection
10
SPSfor220kV
Salal-JammuD/C
outagecontingency
Noinformation
fromPDD,J&K
Load
rejection
11
SPSProposedfor
KashmirValley
CTU/PDD
Approved
(Yettobe
discussed
inRPC
meeting)
13-01-2013
Acommittee
formedand
approved.
Load
rejection
SPSrelatedtoSafeevacuationofgeneration
12
SPSforreliable
evacuationof
powerfromNJPS
andBaspaH.E.P
andKarcham
wangtoo
Karcham/
Jhakri
Inservice 04-02-2011 Implemented
Generation
rejection
13
SPSforReliable
Evacuationof
RoparGeneration
PSTCL/
PSPCL
Approved 27-11-2010
Worktransferred
fromPSTCLto
RoparTPS.
InMay2013SPS
Generation
rejection
Annexure XI - SPS
139 of 198
SL.
NO
Nameofthe
Scheme
Implementi
ngAgency
Status
Approved
date
Remarks
Category
type
installedand
commissioningin
progress.
14
SPSforReliable
Evacuationof
ParichaTPS
Generation
UPPTCL/U
PVUNL
Approved 27-11-2010
Tenderfloatedfor
procurementof
SPS.
Generation
rejection
15
SPSforReliable
Evacuationof
PanipatTPSstageI
&IIGeneration
HVPNL/
HPGCL
Approved 27-11-2010
HVPNLintimated
thatHPGCLhas
decidednotto
installtheSPS.
SPShasbeen
referredtoCEA.
Generation
rejection
16
SPSforReliable
EvacuationofRosa
Generation
UPPTCL/
RosaTPS
Approved 27-11-2010
Approvalof
UPPTCLfor
installationofSPS
atRosaTPS
expected.
Generation
rejection
17
SPSfor
contingencydueto
trippingof
evacuatinglines
fromNaroraAtomic
PowerStation
UPPTCL Approved 11-05-2012

Asnoresponse
hasbeen
receivedforthe
tenderenquiry
floated,
retenderinghas
beendonefor
procurementof
SPS.Expected
dateof
commissioning
Sep2013.
Generation
rejection
SPSrelatedtooverloadingofTransformers
18
SPSfor
Transformersat
Ballabgarh(PG)
substation
Load
rejection
19
SPSfor
Transformersat
Maharanibagh(PG)
substation
Load
rejection
20
SPSfor
Transformersat
Mandola(PG)
substation
Load
rejection
Annexure XI - SPS
140 of 198
SL.
NO
Nameofthe
Scheme
Implementi
ngAgency
Status
Approved
date
Remarks
Category
type
21
SPSfor
Transformersat
Bamnauli(DTL)
Substation
DTL Inservice 27-11-2010 Implemented
Load
rejection
22
SPSfor
Transformersat
Bhiwadi(PG)
substation
SPSatBhiwadi
droppedaswith
the
commissioningof
additionalICT,
overloadingof
ICTsisnotbeing
experienced.
Load
rejection
23
SPSfor
Transformersat
Bassi(PG)
substation
RRVPNLhas
informed
POWERGRIDon
10.05.2013,a
freshlistof17
feedersat132kV
levelhaving
availableloadof
320MWforSPS
ofICTsatBassi.
Load
rejection
24
SPSfor
Transformersat
Bawana(DTL)
Substation
DTL Inservice 27-11-2010
Implemented Load
rejection
25
SPSfor
Transformersat
Moradabad
(UPPTCL)
Substation
Asnoresponse
hasbeen
receivedforthe
tenderenquiry
floated,
retenderinghas
beendonefor
procurementof
SPS.Expected
dateof
commissioning
Sep2013.
Load
rejection
26
SPSfor
Transformersat
Muradnagar
(UPPTCL)
Substation
Load
rejection
27
SPSfor
Transformersat
Agra(UPPTCL)S/S
Load
rejection
28
SPSfor
Transformersat
Bareilly
(UPPTCL)SS
Load
rejection
Annexure XI - SPS
141 of 198
SPSofI/Rregionallink,HVDCllinksandsomeimportantIntraregionallinksareexplainedhere.Forallother
SPSdetails,pleasereferrespectiveRLDCsOperatingProcedures.

SPSforWR-NRcorridor-765kVAgra-Gwalior&Bina-Gwalior
Case Contingency Action

Case-1
ReductionofimportbyNRon765kV
Agra-Gwaliorckt-I&IIbymorethan
1000MWbutlessthan1500MW
ShedloadsinGroupsCandDin
theNorthernRegion
Case-2
ReductionofimportbyNRon765kV
Agra-Gwaliorckt-I&IIbymorethanor
equalto1500MW
Action-1
ShedLoadsinGroupsC,D,EandF
Action-2
Automaticallybackdown500MW
generationinWesternRegioninthe
shortestpossibletime
Case-3
Totalsteadystateflowon765kVGwaliortoAgrain
casebothcktisinservicemorethan2000MWor
b.flowon765kVfromGwaliortoAgrawhenonlyone
cktisinservicemorethan1500MWfor
aperiodof2seconds
OR
SteadyStatevoltageat400/765kVAgralessthan380
kV/730kVrespectivelyforaperiodof2(two)
seconds
ShedloadinGroupCandD
Remark:
1.TheenvisagedautomaticbackingdownofgenerationintheWRforCase-2isyettobe
implemented.
2.LoadSheddingshallbeachievedwithin500ms,includingallsignalpropagation/breaker
openingtimedelay
3. LoadsheddinginWesternUttarPradesh,Rajasthan,PunjabandHaryanaarea
Annexure XI - SPS
142 of 198
Fig1LoadDetails
Annexure XI - SPS
143 of 198
SPSforER-NRcorridor
SPSforhighcapacity400kVMuzaffarpur-GorakhpurD/CInter-regionaltielinerelated
contingency
The400kVMuzaffarpur-GorakhpurD/CisanimportanttielinebetweenERandNR.
SPSSchemelogic:
Case-1
Contingency:Flow>1200MW(ERtoNR,measuredatGorakhpur)&D/Ctrips
Action-1: ImmediatelyShedLoadsinGroupsinGroupsAandD(ofFig1LoadDetails).
Action 2: Ramp up the power flow from West to North by 100 MW (variable) to Northern Region
through HVDC back-to-back stations at Vindhyachal at the maximum ramp rate possible
(300MW/Sec).
Case-2
Contingency:Flow>1800MW(ERtoNR,measuredatGorakhpur)&staysabovethisvalueformore
than5seconds.
Action-1: ImmediatelyShedLoadsinGroupsinGroupsCandD(ofFig1LoadDetails).
Action 2: Ramp up the power flow from West to North by 100 MW (variable) to Northern Region
through HVDC back-to-back stations at Vindhyachal at the maximum ramp rate possible
(300MW/Sec).
LoadSheddingshallbeachievedwithin500ms,includingallsignalpropagation/breakeropening
timedelay
Annexure XI - SPS
144 of 198
SPSforWR-NRcorridor
SPSforcontingencyduetotrippingofHVDCMundra-Mahendergarh
LoadDetailsfortrippingofHVDCMundra-Mahendergarh

Case-1

Contingency Action-1 Action-2
Blocking of (one pole or Bipole) AND
Reduction in power injection at
Mahendergarh by more than 600 MW
and upto 900 MW
Generation reduction of
equivalent amount in Mundra
Stage-III (WR) through the run
back scheme
Shed 300 MW identified load in
Northern Region within 500 ms
(including all signal propagation /
breaker opening time delay)
Haryana: 150 MW, Punjab:50 MW,
Rajasthan: 50 MW, UP: 50 MW
Case-2 Action-1 Action-2
Blocking of (one pole or Bipole) AND
Reduction in power injection at
Mahendergarh by more than 900 MW
and upto 1250 MW
back scheme
Shed 600 MW load identified in
Rajasthan: 100 MW, UP: 100 MW
Blocking of Bipole AND Reduction in
power injection at Mahendergarh by
more than 1250 MW and upto 2000 MW
back scheme
Rajasthan: 200 MW, UP: 200 MW,
Delhi: 200 MW
Blocking of Bipole AND Reduction in
power injection at Mahendergarh by
more than 2000MW
back scheme
Rajasthan: 300 MW, UP: 300 MW,
Delhi: 300 MW
Annexure XI - SPS
145 of 198
Annexure XI - SPS
146 of 198
ImplementedSystemProtectionScheme(SPS)forHVDCBalia-BhiwadiBipole

Case-1
Trippingofpoleresultinginpower
orderreductionbymorethan500MW
andupto750MW.(Measuredat
Bhiwadi)
ShedLoadsinGroupsC&D(ofFig1Load
Details).
Case-2
Trippingofpoleresultinginpower
orderreductionbymorethan750MW
andupto1500MW.(Measuredat
Bhiwadi)
Action-1
ShedLoadsinGroupsA,B,C&Das
Described(ofFig1LoadDetails).
Action-2
Automaticallybackdowngenerationby
250MWatSingrauli-Rihandcomplexin
Northernregionandby250MWinthe
EasternregionatKahalgaoninthe
shortestpossibletime
Case-3
Trippingofpolesresultinginpower
orderreductionabove1500MWand
upto2000MW.(MeasuredatBhiwadi)
Action-1
ShedloadsinGroupsA,B,C,D,E&F(ofFig1
LoadDetails).
Action-2
northernregionandby750MWinthe
easternregionatKahalgaon/Barh/
Farakkaintheshortestpossibletime.
Case-4
Trippingofpolesresultinginpower
orderreductionabove2000MW.
(MeasuredatBhiwadi)
Action1
ShedloadsinGroupsA,B,C,D,E,F&G(ofFig1
LoadDetails).
Action2
northernregionandby750MWinthe
easternregionatKahalgaon/Barh/
Farakkaintheshortestpossibletime.
Remark:
1.TheenvisagedautomaticbackingdownofgenerationintheSingrauli-Rihandcomplexfor
Case-2isyettobeimplemented.
2.LoadSheddingshallbeachievedwithin500ms,includingallsignalpropagation/breaker
openingtimedelay
Annexure XI - SPS
147 of 198
SPSfor1500MWHVDCRihand-Dadribipolerelatedcontingency:
The1500MWHVDCRihand-Dadribipoleisthemajorhighcapacitylinkbetweenthepit
headgeneratingstationsinsoutheastpartofnorthernregion(NR)andtheloadcentresin
thecentralandwesternpartofNR.Outageofthishighcapacitylinkresultsinoverloadingof
theparallelACnetwork.Inordertotakecareofanycontingencyduetooutageofthishigh
capacitylink,schemehasbeendevelopedtocarryouttheautomaticbackingdownof
generationatthesendingendandloadsheddingatthereceivingend.Forthepurposeof
loadsheddingtheloadshavebeendistributedindifferentgroupssaygroup-A,B,C&D.
Detailsofthecorrectiveactionlogicfordifferentcasesareasexplainedbelow.
SPSSchemelogic:
Case-1
Contingency:Trippingofanyorbothpolesresultinginpowerorderreductionby750MW
andabove.
Action1:ImmediatelyShedLoadsinGroupsA,B,C&D.(Fig1LoadDetails)
And
Action2:ReducegenerationatSingrauli/Rihandby500MWinthefastestpossibletime
And
Action3:RampdownthepowerflowfromWesttoNorthby100MW(variable)at
VindhyachalHVDCstationatthemaximumrameratepossible(300MW/Sec)
Case-2
Contingency:Trippingofanyorbothpolesresultinginpowerorderreductionabove
500MWbutlessthan750MW
Action1:ImmediatelyShedLoadsinGroupsC&D.(Fig1LoadDetails)
.
And
Action2:RampdownthepowerflowfromWesttoNorthby100MW(variable)toNorthern
RegionthroughHVDCback-to-backstationsatVindhyachalatthemaximumramprate
possible(300MW/Sec).
Annexure XI - SPS
148 of 198
Figure2:LoaddetailsforHVDCRihand-DadriSPS
Annexure XI - SPS
149 of 198
SPSforreliableevacuationofpowerfromNJPSandBaspaH.E.PandKarchamwangtoo
Schemelogic

Case-1
LoadonanyofthelinesatJhakri
exceeds800MW
Trip2unitsofWangtooHPS
Case-2
400kVbusvoltageatWangtoodrops
below395kV
Case-3
AnytwolinesofJhakri
Trip2unitsofJhakriand2unitsof
WangtooHPS
Case-4
Both400kVWangtoo-Abdullapurlines
atWangtootrip
Annexure XI - SPS
150 of 198
SPSRELATEDTOOVERLOADINGOFINTERCONNECTINGTRANSFORMERS
SPSSchemegenerallogic:
TheSPSwouldshedloadingroupsdependingonno.ofICTsinoperation.Inordertoachieveit,loads
forsheddingbySPSwouldbedividedintonumberofgroups.Theno.ofgroupswouldbeoneless
thantheno.oftransformersoperatinginparallel.Counttheno.ofICTsoperatinginparallel

Case-1
Loading on the ICT is more than 85 % and
no. of ICTs operating in parallel is 4 and 1
out of these 4 ICT trips
Shed load in one of the identified groups
Case-2
Case-3

Scheme Ref Location
Transformation
Capacity
Identified feeders for tripping
SPS/NR/TRF/01 Ballabgarh
4 x 315 MVA =
1260 MVA
220kV Samaypur-Palwal ckt-1 220kV
Samaypur-Palwal ckt-2
SPS/NR/TRF/02 Maharanibagh
2x315 + 2x500
MVA = 1630 MVA
220kV Maharanibagh -Masjid Moth ckt-1
220kV Maharanibagh - Sarita vihar 220kV
Maharanibagh -AIIMS Trauma center ckt-1
220kV Maharanibagh - Electric lane
SPS/NR/TRF/03 Mandaula
4 x 315 MVA =
1260 MVA
220kV Mandola-Gopalpur 220kV Mandola-
Narela ckt-1&2
SPS/NR/TRF/04 Bamnauli
4 x 315 MVA =
1260 MVA
220kV Bamnauli-Papankalan ckt-1 220kV
Bamnauli-Papankalan ckt-2
Annexure XI - SPS
151 of 198
3. SPSinEasternRegion
SL
.
N
O
NameoftheScheme
Implementi
ngAgency
Status Date Remarks
Category
type
1
SPS for ER-SR
corridor
SPS for Talcher
KolarHVDCBipole-
atTalcherend
NTPC Inservice Implemented
Generation
rejection
2
SPSforSterlite
EnergyLimited(SEL)
SEL Inservice Implemented
Generation
rejection
3 ModifiedSPSforSEL SEL Approved 16-11-2012
Confirmation
yettobe
receivedfrom
SEL
Generation
rejection
4.
Interimarrangement
forevacuationof
TEESTAIII
generation
NHPC Inservice
5
SPSforChuzachen
GenerationUnit
Gati-
Infrastructu
re
Under
Discussion
Under
Discussion
Generation
rejection
Annexure XI - SPS
152 of 198
SPSforTalcherKolarHVDCBipole-SPSatTalcher(SPS450&SPS1000)
TalcherSuperthermalpowerstationhavingacapacityof3000MW(6x500MW)islocatedinOrissaof
EasternRegion. Thestation wascommissioned with2x500MW capacity andsubsequently its second
stage was commissioned and station capacity was augmented to 3000MW with commissioning of its
further4x500MWmachines.
The station is the largest capacity station in the region. However, the capacity of the entire stage II (
4x500MW)wasallocatedtothebeneficiariesofsouthernregion.
Subsequently, 10% of the capacity was allocated to the Orissa, in Eastern region. For evacuation of
Talcher STPS II generation to Southern Region, +/- 500kV HVDC bipole transmission system was
commissionedrightuptotheloadcentreofSouthernRegionatKolar.TheHVDCsubstationatTalcher
hastwopoleblocks1000MWcapacityeach(subsequentlyaugmentedto
1250MW).
The very basic design of the evacuation system of Talcher stage II to SR poses a major threat to
Eastern Region and subsequently to the New Grid as any sudden forced outage of one or both the
poleswouldmeanthatEasternGridhastoinitiallyabsorbajerkofloadthrowofftothetuneof1800-
2000MW . Thesurpluspower wouldget wheeled throughTalcher-Rourkella400kV D/C andRengali
Baripada-Kolaghat S/C. During monsoon as such these corridors remain heavily loaded and such
contingency of pole block at Talcher would lead to a definite cascade tripping leading to isolation
/possiblecollapseofOrissasystemincludingTSTPPstation.
Inordertoavoidsuchcontingencytwoautomaticspecialprotectionschemeswereenvisagedandhave
been implemented at Talcher Super Thermal power station. The 1st scheme as commonly known as
SPS 450 was first implemented and subsequently a further improvised 2nd scheme was devised as
known as SPS 1000 scheme. Both the schemes and their modalities of arming and disarming is
describedbelow:
SPS450:ThisschemewasoriginallyimplementedwithaviewthatEasternandWesternRegionwould
absorb a jerk of 450 MW therefore rest of the generation as available at Talcher stage II generation
mustbeshedinorderavoidacascadetrippingofthenetwork.However,duringmonsoon,fromEastern
Regional point of view at times absorbing even 450MW under N-1 contingency criteria of Talcher-
Rourkella400kVD/CLinebecomescriticalwhenmajorgenerationatTalcherstageIImustbeshedin
ordertoavoidfurthercriticalityoftheGrid.Furtherunderanycriticaloutageconditionintherestofthe
NewGridoutageofHVDCbipolemightposeaseriousthreatwhenitmightnecessitatearmingofSPS-
450schemewithduecoordination withNLDC. Under this modeof SPS the power injection toN-E-W
gridislimitedto450MW.Theactualgenerationbythegeneratorsisconsideredforbuildingthelogic.
Logicforsinglepoletripping:
ThislogicisbasedontheassumptionthatduringthetrippingofonepoleofHVDCtheotheravailable
polewillautomaticallyrampupto1250MW.Thelogicisbuiltusingpowerrelaysandthelogicadopted
isdetailedbelow.
Onepoletrips
AND
TotalPowerinjectedbygeneratorsismorethan1700MW
THEN
Tripponeoftheselectedunit(Presentlyunitsixselected)instantly
LogicforBipoletripping
Presentlythislogicisbuiltusingpowerrelaysandthelogicadoptedis
detailedbelow.
IfBothPolestrip
Annexure XI - SPS
153 of 198
AND
PowerinjectedbyGeneratorsismorethan1100MW
THEN
Triptwonosofselectedunits(presentlyunitsixandthreeareselected)
IF
Thetotalpowerinjectedbythegeneratorsisstillmorethan550MWformorethan250milliseconds
THEN
TripUnit4
SPS 1000: Post formation of the NEW Grid this scheme was subsequently envisaged in order to
minimise shedding of generation at Talcher STPP. The basic philosophy of this scheme is to absorb
1000MW in place of 450 MW as the Grid size increased. However, as one of the prerequisites for
armingthisschemeEasternRegionaloperatorhastoensurethatsufficientevacuationmargin(approx
1000MW)isavailableattheACevacuationsystemofTSTPP.
UnderthismodeofSPSthepowerinjectiontoN-E-Wgridislimitedto1000MW.Theactualinjectionto
theHVDCsystem(bymeasuringtheflowonfoura/clinesbetweenTSTPSandTalcherHVDCstation)
isconsideredforbuildingthelogic.UnderSPS1000schemenogenerationsheddingisrequiredfora
singlepoletripping.Forcontingenciesofbothpoletrippingandforsinglepoletripping withtheHVDC
systemgoingtogroundreturnmode,generationsheddingwillbedone.Extentofgenerationshedding
dependsontheactualpowerflowthroughtheHVDClinkandtolimittheactualinjectiontoN-E-Wgrid
to1000MW.
Annexure XI - SPS
154 of 198
Annexure XI - SPS
155 of 198
Sl number Condition
Unit 6 Trip
Unit 5 Unload by 150 MW
Unit 6 Trip
Unit 4 No effect
Unit 6 Trip
Unit 4 No effect
Unit 5 No effect
Unit 5 No effect
Unit 5 No effect
Unit 4 No effect
Unit 5 No effect
Unit 4 No effect
IF THE HVDC POWER FLOW IS
MORE BETWEEN 1000 MW TO
1150 MW & ONE POLE BLOCKED
WITH REMAINING POLE ON
9
BETWEEN 1150 MW TO 1300 MW
& BOTH POLE BLOCKED
6
GROUND RETURN MODE
7
8
& BOTH POLE BLOCKED
3
4
& BOTH POLE BLOCKED
GROUND RETURN MODE
5
MORE THAN 1600 MW & ONE
POLE BLOCKED WITH REMAINING
POLE ON GROUND RETURN
MODE
Action
1
2
HVDC INTER TRIP SCHEME (SPS 1000)
& BOTH POLE BLOCKED
MORE THAN 1600 MW & BOTH
POLE BLOCKED
Annexure XI - SPS
156 of 198
4. SPSinWesternRegion
SL.
NO
NameoftheScheme
Implementin
gAgency
Status Date Remarks
Category
Type
1
SPSatLANCO
(Pathadi)
LANCO Inservice Aug2010
Implemented
Generation
rejection
2
SPSatJPL
(TAMNAR)
JPL Inservice Sep2011
Implemented
Generation
rejection
3
SPSatAdaniPower
Ltd,MUNDRA
APL Inservice Aug2011
Implemented
Generation
rejection
4 SPSatBALCO M/sBALCO Approved
Approvedbutstill
underdiscussion
Generation
rejection
5
SPSat220kVKorba
Complex
Approved
Approvedbutstill
underdiscussion
Generation
rejection
6
SPSatHVDCAPL
Bi-pole(2x1250MW)
APL Inservice Jul2012 Implemented
HVDC
control
7
SPSforTrippingof
Agra-Gwalior-Bina
lines
CTU Approved WRPCidentified
Korba,
Vindhyachal,
APLMundrafor
backingdown
wherewideband
communicationis
available.
Generation
rejection
8
SPSatSipatPower
StationforTrippingof
765kVSipat-Bilaspur-
Seoniline
CTU/NTPC
/Lanco/JPL
Approved
Approvedbutstill
underdiscussion
Generation
rejection
9
SPSfortripping400
kVS/CSugen-Vapi
lineandVapiICTs
DD Approved
Under
Implementation
Annexure XI - SPS
157 of 198

TheSPSofAdaniPowerLtd(APL),(4x330MW+5x660MW),MUNDRA
WRLDCoperatingproceduremaybereferredfortheremainingSPSschemes.
AdaniPowerLtd,Mundra(4x330MW+5x660MW)hasitsgenerationandtransmissionschemein3
stages.
ThegenerationatAPL,Mundraisasfollows:
Stage1:4X330MW=1320MW
Theassociatedtransmissionschemeisasfollows:
Stage1:220kVMundra-NanikhakharD/C
220kVMundra-TapparD/C
400kVMundra-HadalaS/C
400kVAPL-Versana-HadalaS/C
400kVMundra-Sami-DehgamD/C
Stage2:400kVMundra-Zerda2XD/C
Stage3:2X1250MW+/-500kVAPL,Mundra-MohindergarhHVDCbipole.
LILOof400kVBahadurgarh(PG)-Bhiwani(BBMB)
400kVMohindergarh-DanaudaD/C
400kVMohindergarhBhiwaniD/C
Allthegeneratingunitsaresynchronizedandthetransmissionlinesofstage-1arecommissioned
and+/-500kVHVDCatAPLisundertesting.
SpecialProtectionSchemewascommissionedbyAPLformitigatinganycontingencyarisingoutof
additionalevacuationofgenerationfromUnit#6,7,8&9fromAPL,Mundra.

SPS settings 400kV APL-
Varsana Line and
400kV APL-Hadala
Line
400kV Mundra-
Sami-Dehgam Line
with FSC
400D/C Mundra-
Sami-Dehgam Line
without FSC
Stage-1
:Alarm
500MW(680Amp)
(Time
Delay:10Sec)
500MW(680Amp)
(Time
Delay:10Sec)
500MW(680Amp)
(Time
Delay:10Sec)
#Stage-2 Above 600MW
Backing down in
10minutes

*Stage-2a:
Trip 330MW
unit
700MW(960Amp)
Time Delay:4Sec)
750MW(1020Amp)
Time Delay:3Sec)
650MW(880Amp)
Time Delay:3Sec)
Stage-3: 850MW(1155Amp) 800MW(1085Amp) 750MW(1020Amp)
Trip 660MW Time Time Time
unit(Unit5 Delay:1Sec) Delay:1Sec) Delay:1Sec)
to Unit-9)

Annexure XI - SPS
158 of 198
5. SPSinSouthernRegion
TheDetailsofSystemprotectionschemesofSouthernregionasdetailedbelowareenclosedat
AnnexureIV
SL.
NO
Nameofthe
Scheme
Implementing
Agency
Status Date Remarks CategoryType
1
SPSforER-SR
corridor
SPSforTalcher
KolarHVDCBipole
-atKolar
CTU Inservice
Implemented
HVDCcontrol&
Loadrejection
2
SPSforHiriyur-
Neelamangalaline
KPTCL Inservice
Implemented Loadrejection
3
SPSat220kV
Neelamangala
KPTCL Inservice
4 SPSatSalem TNEB Inservice Implemented Loadrejection
5
SPSatHVDC
Kolar(SPS-
Extension)
CTU Inservice
HVDCKolarTrip
Signal3SPSwas
completed
successfullyon
05.06.2013
Loadrejection
6
SPSfor400kV
Vijayawada-Nellore
line
CTU Approved 09.07.10
Astherewasno
generationby
IPPsinVemagiri
Complexand
therewasno
progressin
implementation.It
wassuggested
thatifIPPsdid
notagree,the
signalcouldbe
wiredfortripping
ofthebreakersat
Vemagiriend.
Generation
Backdown
7
SPSfor220kV
Chittur-Tiruvalam
APTRANSCO Approved
18.07.20
12
APTRANSCO
informedthat
SPSmayget
delayedfromthe
earlierschedule
Loadrejection
Annexure XI - SPS
159 of 198
SL.
NO
Nameofthe
Scheme
Implementing
Agency
ofAugust2013.
8
SPSfor220kV
Sulurpet-
Gummidipoondi
APTRANSCO Approved
18.07.20
12
Under
implementation
Loadrejection
9
SPSfor400kV
Nellore-Alamatti
DC
CTU Approved
18.07.20
12
Under
implementation
Generation
Backdown
10 SPSatMuddanur APTRANSCO Inservice
Implemented
Generation
rejection
11
SPSatNagjheri
PowerHouse
KPTCL Inservice
Implemented
Generation
rejection
12 SPSatUPCL LANCO Inservice
Implemented
Generation
rejection
13 SPSatVarahi KPTCL Inservice
Implemented
Generation
rejection
14
SPSat
KudankulamAPS
CTU Inservice
MockExerciseof
Kudamkulam
SPSMechanism
(TripSignal1&
2)
wascompleted
successfullyon
05.06.2013
Loadrejection
15 SPSatJSW KPTCL Inservice
Annexure XI - SPS
160 of 198
SL.
NO
Nameofthe
Scheme
Implementing
Agency
SPSrelatedtooverloadingofTransformers
16
SPSfor
MadakatharaICT
KSEB Inservice Implemented Loadrejection
17 SPSforHosurICT CTU Inservice Implemented Loadrejection
18
SPSforMamidipalli
ICT/
GhanapurICT
APTRANSCO Inservice Implemented Loadrejection
19 SPSforHoodyICT KPTCL Inservice Implemented Loadrejection
20
SPSfor
Somanahalliand
MysoreICT
CTU Approved
Under
implementation.
Loadrejection
21
SPSforThirunelveli
andCheckanoorani
ICT
CTU Approved
Under
implementation.
ExpectedinAug
2013
Generation
Backdown
Annexure XI - SPS
161 of 198
SPSforTalcherKolarHVDCBipole-SPSatKolar
TalcherKolarHVDC linkisa 2000MWasynchronouslinkbetweenEasternandSouthernregions.

TheoutageofTalcherKolarcauseswidefluctuationsinpowertransmissionbetweenKarnatakaand
Andhra Pradesh system (Cuddapa-Kolar). Further Power system in India works on a floating
frequency range of 49 to 50.5 Hz. as of now we do not have either spinning reserve or the primary
control of generation (most of the generators does not run on Free governor Mode of operation)
resultinginsharpdropinfrequencyduringgenerationloss/tielinetripping.ThereforewhentheSRgrid
isoperatingatlowerendoftheoperatingbandtrippingofHVDCTalcher-Kolarlinkwillresultinsharp
dropintheoperatingfrequencyandmayalsoresultincascadetrippingofthegeneratingunits.
Toavoidsuchincidenceofgridinstabilityasystemprotectionschemehasbeenimplementedforfast
loadreliefduringcontingencyoftrippingofsinglepole/BipoleoftheHVDClink.Suchintertrip
Implementationofthescheme
The scheme was implemented in two stages. In the first stage the logic was implemented on
20/04/2003 and was in service till 24/03/2006. In the Second stage improved version of the scheme
wasimplementedon24/03/2006totakecareofincreasedpowerflowontheTalcherKolarHVDClink
andtoovercomesomedeficienciesoftheexistingscheme
1
st
stageofImplementation
Inthefirststage,matchingwiththegenerationofTalcherstageIIgenerationatthattime,thescheme
wasdesignedtogivealoadreliefofabout500to600MWbysheddingtheloads in the near-
bysubstationsofAndhraPradesh,Karnataka,andTamilnadudetailedbelow.
L
o
ss/reductionofpowerwassensedatKolarandthetripsignalwasgeneratedbytheSPSbasedonthe
logicsexplainedbelowwassenttotheabovementionedstationsthroughPLCC:
MODE OF
OPERATION
POWER LEVEL FOR GENERATING INTERTRIP
SIGNAL
MONO
POLAR
>400MWANDTHEPOLETRIPS
BI-POLAR IF BOTH POLE ARE CARRYING > 800 MW EACH
ANDONEPOLETRIPS
BI-POLAR IF POWER FLOW ON EACH > 200 MW AND BOTH
POLETRIP
Theschemesuccessfullyworkedformostofthetimeexceptforfewoccasions.
2
nd
stageofImplementation
Improvedversionoftheschemewasrequiredtobeimplementedduetothefollowingreasons
IncreaseintheflowonTalcherKolarHVDClinkduetocommissioningofallthegeneratorsatTalcher
stageIIitwasrequiredtoincreasethequantumofloadshedding.
The deficiencies noticed in the 1
st
stage implementation were to be rectified immediately since the
improperoperationduringhighpowerflowwouldaffectthepowersystembadly
DuetononavailabilityofsufficientsheddableloadsinthesubstationsurroundingKolaritwasrequired
tosendtrippingsignalstofarlocationsusingwidebandcommunicationlinks.
Toavoidexcessloadsheddingthanrequiredtwosignalswererequirestobegeneratedtomatchthe
outageofsinglepole,Bipoleetc.
Yeraguntala Kolar Hosur Salem Sriperumbudu

r
Somanahalli Hoody
Annexure XI - SPS
162 of 198
LOGICATKOLARFORINITIATINGSIGNALS
TripSignal1
TripSignal1wouldbeinitiatedtoobtainareliefofaround700MWfromthestationslistedinthebelow
tableunderanyoneofthefollowingtwoconditions:
(i) IflossofpowerflowontheHVDClinkatanyinstantcomparedwiththepowerflow2seconds
priortocurrentinstantismorethan500MWbutlessthanorequalto1000MW.
(ii) IfoneoftheHVDCpoleblockonalinefaultandthepowerflowontheHVDClinkjustpriorto
thatinstantwasmorethan1000MWbutlessthanorequalto1500MW.
TripSignal2
TripSignal2wouldbeinitiatedtoobtainanadditionalreliefofaround800MW(inadditionto700MW
as stated above) from the stations listed in the below table under any one of the following two
conditions:
(i) IflossofpowerflowontheHVDClinkatanyinstantcomparedwiththepowerflow2seconds
priortocurrentinstantismorethan1000MW.
(ii) IfoneoftheHVDCpoleblockonalinefaultandthepowerflowontheHVDClinkjustpriorto
thatinstantwasmorethan1500MW.
Note:IntheeventofoccurrenceofTripsignal2,thetotalreliefwouldbeoftheorderofaround1500
MW,consistingofaround700MWfromthestationslistedunderTripsignal1andadditional800MW
fromthestationslistedunderTripsignal2

BlockDiagram
A simple block diagram depicting the logic for generation of Trip Signal 1 and Trip Signal 2 and
transmissionofsuchsignaltotherespectivelocationsisgivenbelow
KolarInterTripLogicDiagram
POWER
FLOW >
1500MW
AN
D
OR
OR

OR
AND
AN
D
REDUCTION IN
POWER
> 500&<1000MW
POWER
FLOW
>1000&<1500MW

DC
LINE
FAULT
SIGNAL A
REDUCTION IN
POWER > 1000MW
SIGNAL B
TRIP SIGNAL 2
TRIP SIGNAL
1
Annexure XI - SPS
163 of 198
LOGISTICSFOROBTAININGRELIEFATDIFFERENTLOCATIONS

OnthebasisofabovestatedlogicTripSignal1andTripsignal2isextendedtothefollowing
substationsthroughwideband/PLCC:
ListofSubstationstowhichTripSignalIwillbesent
STATE SUBSTATIONS RELIEF

(MW)
REMARKS
A.P Chinakampalli 150 Signalthroughwideband.
Karnataka KolarICT 250 Throughlocalpilotwiring
Hoody ThroughPLCC
TamilNadu Hosur 300 ThroughPLCC
Sriperumbudur Signalthroughwideband.
Salem signalthroughwideband.
ListofSubstationstowhichTripSignalIIwillbesent
STATE SUBSTATIONS RELIEF

(MW)
REMARKS
A.P Gooty
SwitchingStn
Ananthapur
Somayajulapalli
Kurnool
200 Signalwillbesentthroughwide
band
Karnataka Somanahalli 200
Kerala TrichurNorth
Kozhikode
200
TamilNadu Madurai
Karaikudi
Thiruvarur
Trichy230
Ingur
200
Performance of the scheme since implementation till date indicate that the operation of the scheme has
improvedcomparedtothe1
st
stageimplementation
3
rd
stageof Implementation : TheTalcher-KolarHVDC is being operated on extendedmodeof operation on
realtime.Hencethe3rdsignalisplanned&logicdiagramisshownbelow.Tripsignal-3,whichtrips500MW
loadsincaseoftrippingofHVDCTalcher-KolaroneorbipoletrippingandpowerflowonHVDCpolesismore
than2000MW.ItisUnderadvancedstageofCommissioning.
Annexure XI - SPS
164 of 198
Annexure XI - SPS
165 of 198
SPSatKudankulamNuclearpowerplant
IncaseoftrippingoneortwounitsatKudankulamnuclearpowerplant,tripsignal-1orTripsignal-1&2
willbegenerateddependingonnumberofunitstripping.Tripsignal-1:793MWandTripSignal-2:710
MW
ListofSubstationstowhichTripSignalIwillbesent
STATE SUBSTATIONS RELIEF(MW) REMARKS

A.P Chinakampalli 150 Signalthroughwideband.
Karnataka KolarICT 250 Throughlocalpilotwiring
Hoody ThroughPLCC
TamilNadu Hosur 300 ThroughPLCC
Sriperumbudur Signalthroughwideband.
Salem signalthroughwideband.
ListofSubstationstowhichTripSignalIIwillbesent
STATE
SUBSTATIONS RELIEF(MW)
REMARKS
A.P
GootySwitchingStn
Ananthapur
Somayajulapalli
Kurnool
200
Signalwillbesentthroughwide
band
Karnataka Somanahalli 200
Kerala
TrichurNorth
Kozhikode
200
TamilNadu
Madurai
Karaikudi
Thiruvarur
Trichy230
Ingur
200
Annexure XI - SPS
166 of 198
6.SPSinNorthEasternRegion
TheDetailsofSystemprotectionschemesofNorthEasternregion
SL.
NO
Nameofthe
Scheme
Implementing
Agency
Status Date Remarks
Category
Type
1
SPSforMeghalaya
Systemtoensure
securityofCapital
loadofMeghalaya.
Meghalaya Inservice
Implemented
Load
rejection
2
Incaseoftripping
of400kVSilchar-
Killingor400
kVSilchar-
PalatanaD/Cor
PalatanaMachines,
Under
Discussion
Under
Discussion
Load
rejection/
Gen
reduction
Annexure XI - SPS
167 of 198
NLDC Operating Procedures for National Grid - Islanding Schemes - July 2013-Rev 0 1
ANNEXURE XII
List of Islanding Schemes

Northern Region
1) NAPS Islanding Scheme - Implemented
2) RAPS A Islanding Scheme - Implemented
3) RAPS B Islanding Scheme - Implemented
4) Islanding schemes of Delhi, Punjab & Uttar Pradesh Under discussion stage.

1. NAPS Islanding Scheme

Annexure XII Islanding Schemes
168 of 198
2. RAPS A Islanding Scheme
RAPS-A: The frequency setting and time delay for islanding and units coming to house loads are given in
table 1:

Table 1:

RAPP-A
Frequency Time Delay
Hz. Sec.
Islanding 47.5 Instantaneous
House 47.5 10 seconds
Loading 47.1 Instantaneous
RAPP A islands at 47.5 Hz instantaneous

The following conditions are envisaged:

1 When only one machine is generating at RAPP A, matching load will be provided by
Debari alone. Under this condition, 220 kV RAPP A Kota-I & III lines shall trip at
47.5 Hz (with Kota-II already connected to RAPP B). Thus Kota loads are
automatically disconnected from RAPP A.
2 When both the machines of RAPP A are generating, matching load will be provided
by Debari, part Kota, Modak and Jhalawar.
3 At a later date if the load of Modak and Jhalawar is fed directly from KTPS,
equivalent matching load on 220 kV Kota Sakatpura shall be provided on any 132 kV
Outgoing feeder on radial mode to provide load generation balance.
4 The loads shall be regulated such that Debari load is equal to Unit-II generation
minus 35 MW.
5 The following arrangements are to be kept at RAPP A, 220 KV GSSs of Debari,
Sakatpura (Kota), Jhalalwar & Modak stations to ensure smooth functioning of the
Islanding Scheme. The operating status of UFR relay like Block, Operative and
Normally Open required to be kept for successful islanding has been also indicated.
The
169 of 198
At RAPS-A:
The status of feeder with setting of U/F relays is kept as under:

AT 220 KV GSS DEBARI

1. 132 kV loads from Debari will be regulated through under frequency relay set at
47.5 Hz and the trippings shall be blocked/operative as per the load requirement.

2. 132 kV Banswara - Nimbahera will be kept permanently open at Pratapgarh.

The status of feeders with setting of U/F Relay is kept as under:

The following arrangements are being kept at 220 kV Kota Sakatpura:

1. 220 kV Bus D is to be kept as dedicated for RAPP A Island. 220 kV Bus Coupler between A to
D will be operative at under frequency setting of 47.5 Hz so that Bus D remains connected to
RAPP A. 132 kV RPS-Kota Circuit (direct) will be kept on 132 kV Bus of Transformer No. 4
connected to Bus D, which will provide RPS Hydel support to the island, if required.
2. 100 MVA Transformer No. 4 shall be always kept on Bus D 220 kV Jhalawar & Modak shall
also remain connected on Bus D. Transformer No. 4 will provide load of 132 kV Bundi, 132 kV
SWM-II, Gopal Mill, 132/33 kV 100MVA Transformer No. 2 20/25 MVA for the Island. The U/F
tripping on these loads will be set at 47.5 Hz and shall be kept operative/blocked as per load
requirement to be monitored by L.D.

170 of 198
3. 220 kV Kota (I)-RAPP A connected on Bus D will be Blocked/Operative at 47.5 Hz as per
generation available at RAPP A.

4. 220 kV Kota (III) -RAPP A will be on any Bus A, B or C with U/F relay operative at 47.5 Hz.

5. 220 kV RAPP B-Kota-II will also be on any Bus A, B or C with U/F relay operative at 47.7 Hz.

6. The synchronization of island may be done at RPS with MP Power on 132 kV Gandhi Sagar
line-II or at Kota (S) with 220 kV Ujjain-Kota if required. MP power will be available through 220
kV Ujjain-Kota (II) but this circuit will be normally open at Kota.

Status of U/F relays and setting on the feeders will be as under:

AT RPS Hydel
1. One unit (machine No.4) will be kept on main Bus B which is Islanding Bus
and 3 units on 132 kV main Bus A. 132 kV Gandhi Sagar Circuit-II will be on
Bus B and shall be kept normally open at RPS end. This may be utilized to
further synchronise the Island with MP to stabilize the island system, if required.

2. 132 kV RPS-Kota (Direct ckt.) will also be on main Bus B included in the
Island.
3. 132 kV RPS-Bhilwara I & II will be on Bus A.

The under frequency relay settings will be as under:-

AT 220 kV MODAK
All loads will be kept connected.

AT 220 kV JHALWAR
All loads will be kept connected.

171 of 198
.
3. RAPS-B Islanding Scheme
RAPS-B: The frequency setting and time delay for islanding and units coming to house loads are given in
table:
Table 2:

Islanding shall take place at 47.7 Hz with 5 sec. delay or 47.5 Hz instantaneous.
1. At RAPP B, the total generation of Unit-III & IV is expected to be around 400 MW. RAPP-B
machines will be islanded separately with matching load of 180- 200 MW. This load is to be provided
from Chittor, Nimbahera & Bhilwara.
2. No Under Frequency Relays are required for 220 kV Chittor-Nimbahera line and 220 kV RAPP B
Chittor (Chittor end) on both the circuits. Loads of 132 kV GSS Hamirgarh, Sawa, M/s Aditya Cement,
M/s BCW, M/s CCW & M/s HZL shall be fed from 220 kV Chittorgarh.
3. The operating status of UFR relay like Block, Operative and Normally Open required to be kept for
successful islanding has been also indicated.
4. The settings of under frequency relays in the above Island are to be kept as under:
AT RAPS-B End:

AT 220 KV GSS CHITTORGARH
The U/F Relays of 220 kV Chittorgarh-Bhilwara (both ends) will be made operative by LD if the
requirement of load is indicated by RAPP authorities to be around 100-120 MW (one unit), otherwise this
relay will be kept blocked so as to provide islanding load of 180-200 MW.

172 of 198

AT 220 kV GSS DEBARI

AT 220 kV GSS SAKATPURA KOTA
The under frequency relay on 220 kV Kota-RAPP B (II circuit) which will normally
remain on Bus C, will be set at 47.7 Hz (Inst.) and will remain operative.

AT 220 kV GSS NIMBAHERA
Loads of 132 kV Bhinder, Mangalwad, Chhoti Sadri and Pratapgarh shall be fed rom
Nimbahera and shall not be transferred to other GSSs without approval of SE(SO&LD).

AT 220 kV GSS BHILWARA
Bus arrangement on 220 kV side will be as under:
On 220 kV Main Bus (A+Bus III).
220 kV Bhilwara-Kota-I
220 kV Bhilwara-Kota-II
220 kV Bhilwara-Bali-Sirohi
220 kV Bhilwara-Kankroli-Sirohi
220 kV Bhilwara-Anta-I
220 kV Bhilwara-Anta-II
220 kV Bhilwara-Beawar
220 kV Bhilwara-Jodhpur
On 220 kV Main Bus (B+C) (Islanding bus).
220 kV Side of220/132 kV, 100 MVA Transformer No.1.
220 kV Side of 220/132 kV Transformer No.2
220 kV Bhilwara-Chittorgarh
AT RPS POWER STATION
132 kV RPS-Bhilwara-I & II will be connected on Bus A.

AT 220 KV GSS BEAWAR
i. 132 kV Beawar-Bhilwara Via Asind Operative 47.7 Hz (Inst.)

AT 132 kV GSS KHARCHI

173 of 198
Western Region
1) MUMBAI (TPC & REL) Power System.
2) GIPCL Islanding Scheme in Gujarat
3) Kakrapara Islanding Scheme OF N.P.C

1. MUMBAI (TPC & REL) POWER SYSTEM
1.1 Islanding scheme for the Mumbai Metropolis, Island can meet the load of 1800 MW with generation
at Trombay(1330MW), Bhira(150 MW), Bhivpuri (72MW), Khopoli (72 MW), Bhira PSG (150
MW) of TPC and Dahanu (2x250 MW) of REL.

1.2 The first level of separation of TPC+REL system from MSETCL system at 47.9 Hz with the
tripping of:
110kV Kalyan(TPC)-Kalwa(MSETCL) at Kalyan(TPC)
110kV Borivali(TPC)-Borivali(MSETCL) D/C at Borivali(TPC)
220kV Borivali(TPC)=Borivali(MSETCL)-I
110kV Salsette(TPC)-Kalyan(TPC)-Kalwa(MSETCL) at Salsette and Kalyan substations of TPC
220kV Trombay(TPC)-Trombay(MSETCL) D/C at Trombay(TPC)

1.3 The second level of separation of TPC system from MSETCL system at 47.9Hz under reverse power
condition (with flow from TPC to MSETCL) with the tripping of:
110kV Trombay(TPC)-Trombay(MSETCL) D/C at Trombay TPC
110kV Kalwa-Kalyan S/C
220kV Kalwa(MSETCL)-Salsette(TPC) D/C at Salsette (TPC)

1.4 The separation of REL system from MSETCL system shall also take place at 47.9 Hz with reverse
power condition of power flowing from REL to MSETCL with the tripping of:
220kV Boisar-Versova
220kV Boisar-Dahanu.

1.5 In the event of failure of primary protection for islanding, backup RPUF relay set at 47.9 Hz with
0.5 seconds time delay is set to trip the same breaker. LBB protection is provided to take care of
stuck breaker condition.

1.6 TPC system separates from REL system when 220kV Borivali (TPC)-Aarey(REL) D/C
interconnections open at 47.7 Hz under reverse power condition (with power flow from TPC to
REL).In addition to this REL separates from TPC at 47.6 Hz.

1.7 In REL system, UF load shedding is done to ensure that the system remains connected with TPC
system and survives after separation from TPC.

1.8 AUFLS (discrete) of about 800 MW set at 47.9 Hz is provided at TPC to ensure load generation
balance in TPC subsequent to islanding. In addition, there is frequency trend relays set at 49.0 Hz at
0.5 Hz/sec in TPC system to ensure successful islanding.

174 of 198

175 of 198

2. GIPCL ISLANDING SCHEME IN GUJARAT
The islanding scheme to save about 145 MW generation at
GIPCL Stage-I
132kV Vatwa-Ranasan D/C
The 100MW gas based station islands with radial load of Vatwa (Ahmedabad)
The islanding takes place at 47.6 Hz.
3. Kakrapara Islanding Scheme OF N.P.C

3.1 Islanding scheme to save the units (2x220MW) at Kakrapara Atomic Power station along with the
loads of Vapi. Islanding caters to 300-350 MW load of Vapi in Gujarat and UTs of DD & DNH.
3.2 Separation points
220kV Kakrapar - Haldarwa
220kV Tarapur - Vapi
220kV Navsari - Vapi
220kV Kakrapar Vav
3.3 Frequency setting at Kakrapara & Vapi 47.8 Hz with 0.6 seconds delay or 48 Hz with 0.8 Hz/sec rate.
Remarks: Presently the scheme is not kept in operation.

176 of 198
Southern Region
1) The islanding scheme of Ramagundam with about 1800 MW of loads at Ramagundam and
Hyderabad area
Eastern Region
1) CHPC (Bhutan) - One machine (84 MW) along with Thimpu Load gets island with opening of bus
coupler breaker
2) CESC - The entire system gets islanded at Kasba ( the synchronizing point)
3) NALCO(CPP in Orissa system)
4) ICCL(CPP within Orissa system)
5) RSP (CPP in Orissa system)
6) Bhushan Power & Steel (CPP in Orissa system)
7) Arya ISPAT and power Ltd. (CPP in Orissa system)
8) Maithon Ispat Limited (CPP in Orissa system)
9) IFFCO (CPP in Orissa system)
10) Hindalco(CPP in Orissa system)
11) IMFA (CPP in Orissa system)
12) IBTPS
13) VAL (CPP in Orissa system)
North Eastern Region
1) Proposed Island 1 will be comprising of generation of AGBPP, NTPS & LTPS with Upper Assam &
Deomali Load
2) Proposed Island 2 will be comprising of generation of AGTPP, Rokhia, Baramura & Gumti with
Tripura load.

Operating Procedures of respective RLDC may be reviewed for complete details of the islanding
schemes listed above
177 of 198
Annexure XIII
178 of 198
July 2013 Rev 0
. -| || + = +|||=|
ANNEXURE XIV - POWER MAPS
179 of 198
July 2013 Rev 0
.cc =c ||c .-| -|+|| i|z z||||-|
. -| || + = +|||=|
180 of 198
July 2013 Rev 0
MAHAN
ACB
MAP NOT TO SCALE
Kovaya
Jetpur
Bachhau
Vapi
Chhindwara
Birsinghpur MADHYA PRADESH
Ukai(T)
KSTPS
Korba (E) Extn.
Mopka
Bhatapara
Chikodi
Aurbad
Katni
Pune(PG)
Sholapur(PG)
Omkareshwar
Pithampur
Burwaha
Khandwa
Navi Mumbai
Miraj
Sholapur
Waidhan
Korba (E)
Eldabad
Ambazari
Bableshwar
Boisar
Trombay
Korba(W)
Hasdeo Bango
BALCO
Pathhalgaon
Vishramgarh
Ambikapur
CHANDRAPUR
Gurur
Rajim
Mahasamund
Khapaswami
Boregaon
Indira Sagar Rajgarh
Badnagar
Handia
Kotamikala
Kotma
Raigarh
Budhipadar
NSPCL
Lanco Pathadi
Sipat
Rajnandgaon
Urla
Barsoor
Jagdalpur
Kirandul
Dalli-rajara
RAIPUR
Sankhari
Radhanpur
Suzlon-suthri
Sardargadh
Moti-paneli
Visavadar
Una
GPPL
Pipavav
GSEG
Torrent
Vartej Dhasa
Essar
Vadinar
Enercon
Nardipur(Soja)
Sami
Mehsana
APL
Paliad
Suwasra
Badod
Ujjain
Bina(PG)
Mahalgaon
Jora
Matatila
Shivpuri
Pichhore
Seopur
Gandhisagar
Sagar
Chhatarpur
Vindhyachal STPS
Bansagar-III
Bansagar-II
Jabalupr (PG)
Bansagar-IV
Sidhi
Satna
Bijawar
Morwa
Mandla
Balaghat
Birsa
Betul
JPL Tamnar
Ichhapur
3
Wagodia
Kakrapar
Ukai(H)
Vijapur
Mathasur (Bhutia)
Jamla
Dhanera
Manmad
Panendro
Viramgam
Dehgam
Chorania
Kawas
Utran
Vav
Deodhar Palanpur
Zerda(Kansari)
Bhatia
Ranavav
Gondal
Keshod
Kodinar
Magarwada
(D & D)
Nasik
Uran
g Pad he
Kalwa
Borivali
Ahmadnagar
Pusad
KORADI
Pench
Bhugaon
Satpura
Sujalpur
TO KOTA
Neemuch
Gwalior
Malanpur
Itarsi
Bina
Damoh
2 x 250 MW
2 x 500 MW
Amarkantak
Bargi
Bansagar-I
TO SINGRAULI STPS(N.R.)
Rewa
Khaparkheda
TO RAMAGUNDAM
TO L. SILERU
Parli
Koyna IV
Tillari
Ponda
To Nagjhari
To Belgaum
Agiyol
Dhansura
Kadana
Halol
Godhra
Nagda
SSP
Dewas
GUJARAT
RAJASTHAN
UTTAR PRADESH
ORISSA
JHARKHAND
ANDHRA PRADESH
KARNATAKA
GOA
A
A
B
I
A
N
S
E
A
R

Jabalpur
Bhusawal
MAHARASHTRA
Dhule
1
4
Tarapur
GPEC
Asoj
Wanakbori
Karamsad
Chalisagaon
TO Auraiya Mehgaon
Dabhol
Nagothane
Tharad
Dhokadwa
Morbi
Naghedi
Jamnagar
Nakhatrana
Nanikhakar
Bhandara Kanhan
Baramati
Kolhapur
Motijheel To Sawai
Madhopur
NR
Seoni
Beed
Malkapur
Paras
Kheralu
7
Essar
GSEG
Gujarat
1 Achhalia
2 Zagadia
3 Kim
4 Ranasan
5 Kapadwanj
6 Mangrol
(Surat LPP)
7 Sachin
2
5
Dhanduka
Diu(D&D)
Karadpada
(DNH)
Rajghat
Julwania
Narsinghpur
Maihar
Kymore
Manendragarh
To Rihand
Dongargarh
Agar
Amravati
Dahanu(BSES)
Malegaon
Latur
Jalna
1
C
H
T
I
S
H
A
T
G
A
R
H
Maharashtra
1 Jejuri
2 Theur
3 Parvati
4 Chakan
5. Alephata
6. Ranjangaon
7. Apta
2
POWER MAP OF WESTERN REGION
400 kV Lines and Major 220/132 kV Lines
AS ON 31.03.2013
HYDRO POWER STATIONS
THERMAL - COAL
- GAS
NUCLEAR POWER STATION
765 KV TRANSMISSION LINES
TR. LINES UNDER PLAN UPTO MAR.2012
500kV HVDC Bipole
L E G E N D
P r e p a r e d b y :
WR L D C , M u m b a i
3
Reliance
Khambolia
6
Mapusa
Gadinglez
Kalmeshwar
Warora
Ujani
Jalgaon
Pandurna
To R.P.Sagar
TO Modak
ROURKELA
2 x 250 MW
Ranchi
To Kankroli
Ranchodpura
Agra
Akrimota
Sambalgarh
Sasan
Nimrani
Akola
Butibori
Yawatmal
Bhadravati
Nanded Parbhani
Parli(PG)
Udgir
Karad
Vita
New Koyna
Lonand
7
Chinchwad
Kandalgaon
Sugen
Amreli
Otha
Jambuva
h gh r K ar a
Ratlam
Tikamgarh
Lonikhand
Sikka
Chhatral
2 x 250 MW
Raigarh
Limbdi
Hinganghat
6
5
To Bhinmal
Halderwa
Jhanor
Gandhinagar
Dhuvaran
4
Sterlite
Pirana(PG)
Jaigad
Kasor
Aurbad(PG)
Khadoli
Bhusawal-II
Vidisha
Kotar
Badnera
Mauda
Bilpr
Kosmba
To Ranchi
To Jaipur
I 765KV L NE CHARGED
O 0 V N 4 0K
Vindhyachal
pooling Stn
To Mohindergarh
KSK
( Pune GIS)
Osmanabad
To Raichur
JPBINA
Tirora
Navsari GIS(PG)
Navsari(Getco)
Wardha
Bhilad
Vandana
GMR EMCO
Pirana(T)
Uno-sugen
Bhat
IEPL
Anupur(MP)
KWPCL Vidarbha
BHILAI
Raita
Mahalaxmi
Amona
GPEC
Hadala
Dhrarngadhra
Halwad
Wankaner
Varsana
Tappar
Kukma
Anjar
Chitrod
Agathala
Lunawada CGPL
Welspan
Savarkundla Palithane
Jaora
Daloda
Mandsour
Astha
Indore
Rajgarh
Guna
Marhikheda
Hatia
Chincholi
Maneshari
Chegaon
Khagone
Piparia
Bareli
Gadarwara
Barmana
Bhopal
Lakhnadone
Nandgaonpeth
G atgh r h a
Mota Ambheta
Hingoli
181 of 198
July 2013 Rev 0
S R PUDUR
TUTICORIN
AUTO
KAYAMKULAM
POTHENCODE
PARUTHIPARA
PARASSALA
KUZHITHURAI
EDAMON
KAYATHAR
STERLITE
SATHUR
SABRIGIRI
IDUKKI
MADURAI
KARAIKUDI
PARAMAKUDI
PUDUKOTTAI
THIRUVARUR
THANJ AVUR
PALOM
KALAMASSERY
BRAMHAPURAM
THENI
PASUMALAI
ALAGARKOIL
UDUMALPET
KADAMPARAI
SEMBATTI
TRICHY
PUGALUR
INGUR
NALLALAM
LOWER
PERIYAR
TRICHUR
PALAKKAD
AREAKODE
KUNDAH 2
KUNDAH 3
KUNDAH 4
THUDIYALUR
UDULMALPET
O K MANDAPAM
ARASUR
WALAYAR
SAMAYPURAM
UNJ ANAI
PERAMBALUR
TRICHY
GOBI
MTPS
METTUR TUNNEL KANIAMPET
KUTHUMUNDA
UPAATTI
SULURPET
NCTPS
ENNORE
TONDIARPET
MYLAPORE
KOYAMBEDU
KADPERI
THARAMANI
SP KOIL
KALPAKKAM
ACHARAPAKKAM
VILLIANUR
CUDDALORE
NEYVELI TPS 1 (Exp)
T V MALAI
SINGARAPETTAI
SALEM
METTUR AUTO
SALEM
EACHENGADU
DEVIAKURCHI
VILLUPURAM
ARNI
KALAVINDAPATTU
MOSUR
VALLUR
RENIGUNTA
CHITTOOR
KALIKIRI
KOLAR
MALUR
HOSUR
BIDADI SOMANAHALLI
T K HALLI HOOTAGALLI
KADAKOLA
THIRUVALAM
KODUR RAJ AMPET
HINDUPUR
HIRIYUR
DAVANAGERE
DB PURA
GOWRIBIDANUR
HASSAN
KIBBANAHALLI
KANHIRODE
VIDYANAGAR
KASARKODE
KUBANUR
MANJ ESHWAR
KONAJ E
KAVOOR
KEMAR KUDREMUKH
VARAHI
RANIBENNUR
GUTTUR
ITTAGI
RAMAGIRI
ANANTPUR
MUDDANUR
MYDUKUR
KADAPA
KADRA
KAIGA
SHIMOGA
SHARAVATI
KODASALLI
PONDA
NARENDRA-PG
AMBEWADI
HUBLI
NAGJ HARI
GADAG
KUSHTAGI
B BAGEWADI
CHIKKODI
BELGAUM
MAHALINGPUR
ALIPUR
KALYANI STEEL
LINGAPUR
HAMPI
LINGASUGUR
SHAHABAD
SEDAM
TO KOLHAPUR
KALWAKURTHY
GOOTY
L&T
NANDYAL
SOMAYAJ ULAPALLY
RAICHUR(RTPS)
AP CARBIDES
NELLORE
ONGOLE
TADIKONDA
GUNADALA
NUNNA N SAGAR
CHILLAKALLU
MIRYALGUDA
BHIMADOLE
SRISAILAM RBPH
PODILI
NARKETPALLI
MAMIDIPALLI
W K PALLI
KHAMMAM
KTPS - V
DONKARAI
WARANGAL
HUMNABAD
MINPUR
GHANAPUR
NIRMAL
DICHIPALLY
SIDDIPET
DURSHED
MALAYALAPALLY
RAMAGUNDAM
MANUGURU
TO BARASUR
TO BALIMELA
HWP LOWER SILERU
UPPER SILERU
TO J EYPORE
GARIVIDI
GVP
PENDURTHI
VSP
VTS
INDEX
LEGEND DISCRIPTION
400 KV LINE
400 KV LINE CHARGED AT 220 KV
220 KV LINE
HVDC LINE
110/132 KV LINE
66 KV LINE
HYDEL POWER STATION
THERMAL POWER STATION
NUCLEAR POWER STATION

2. GACHIBOWLI
4. MOULALI
5. MALKARAM
6. GHANAPUR
10. KONDAPALLI
13. JEGRUPADU
15. SPECTRUM
16. KAKINADA
17. VEMAGIRI
19. BOMMUR
20. NIDADAVOLU
21. PEDAPURAM
22. BSES
25. ITPL
26. HSR LAYOUT
27. NRS
29. PEENYA
30. HEBBAL
31. WHITEFIELD
32. TATAGUNI
34. HONALI
35. MUNIRABAD
37. KUNDARA
38. VIRANAM
39. KODIKURCHI
40. KODAYAR
41. TRIVANDRUM
42. UDAYATHUR
44. KILPURK
45. DOBSPET
47. VTS STAGE IV
49. NAGARAM
51. HAL
52. EDC
53. KORATHUR
54. KRISHNAGIRI
55. SETTIPALLY
57. NIMHANS
58. ATHIPATTU
59. NOKIA
63. KAMAKSHI
64. SURYA DEV
65. RSS STEELS
66. HRG STEELS
67. D'DESH
68. X INDIA
70. A STATION
71. CPRI
72. HIAL
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
24
25 26
27
28
29
30
TO CHANDRAPUR
HOODY
TALAGUPPA
NEW PALOM
KURNOOL
MEDCHAL
TANDUR
KUNIGAL
TUBINAKERE
SIPCOT
P P NALLUR
KADALANGUDI
HAVERI
31
10
S.TAIL RACE
LANCO
BAHOOR
CHELLAKURTHI
VINNAMANGALAM
PUTTANGADI
SANKANERI
MARKAPUR
DINDI
KALPAKA
35
TO TALCHER
CHINTAMANI
YERRAGUNTLA
J AGTIYAL
8
BHIMGAL
TADIPATRI
MADHUGIRI
DFARM
GULBARGA
MANALI
WANARPARTHY
CHITRADURGA
PARWADA
GUDIVADA
33
MADUKKARAI
37
KAKKAD
SHOLAYAR
IDAMALYAR
BSES
KOZHIKODE
KUTTIADI
RAICHUR
ALMATTI
BAGALKOTE
KARWAR
34
CR NAGAR
32
KOLAR
YELEHANKA
NPCL
J OG
LDPH
SUPA
T B DAM
39
38
KOVIL KALAPAL
PYKARA
KUNDAH 1
SAIL
HYUNDAI
NEYVELI TS 2
ST-CMS
NEYVELI TS 1
ALIYAR
PERIYAR
MADURAI PCL
VALATHUR
ARKAY
KUTTALAM
ABAN
B B GAS/G M R VASAVI
SAMALPATTY
CHINAKAMPALLY
SLBPH
MAHABOOB NAGAR
MAHABOOB NAGAR
BHONGIRI
KTPS
SITARAMPATANAM
9
22
23
R C VARAM
MACHKUND
ARAKU
KIADB
KUDACHI
SHAHAPUR
KUDITINI
BIAL
36 KADUR
NITTUR
MADUVANAHALLI
BASTHIPURA
MYSORE
ALMATHY
KARIMANGALAM
PUDANCHANDAI
HAROHALLI
19 11
12
20
13
BHIMAVARAM
21
17
18
GAUTAMI
14
KONASEEMA
16
15
TO YANAM
KALYANDURG
SHORANUR
MALAPPARAMBA
TALIPARAMBA
40
41
42
(CHECKANURANI)
THIRUNELVELI
PONNAPURAM
R N PURAM
43
BIDNAL
K.R.PET
CR PATNA
KANAKAPURA
J URALA
K M PALLY
PALAKURTHY
BHIMGHANPUR
GANGARAM
NELLORE
(MANUBOLU)
K V KOTA
SHADNAGAR
HIRIYUR (PG)
ENERCON BTPS
GOPALPURA
KOODANKULAM
AMUTHAPURAM
PALLADAM
ORAGADAM
44
ATHANI
BIJ APUR
INDI
PUTTUR
HOSKOTE
SINDHAPUR
45
EDAPPON
46
GAJ WEL
RENTACHINTALA
GAZUWAKA
VATAKARA
KAMAREDDY
TALLAK
ENERCON
PULIVENDULA
NARASARAOPET
TEKKALI
47
BHOOPALAPPALLY
KARAIKUDI NEW
NEYVELI TS 2 (Exp)
BASIN BRIDGE GAS
SOUNDATTI
VAJ RAMATTI
J INDAL
48
HASSAN
SALIVAGU
BRAHMANAKOTKUR
KAKATIYA
UPCL
PARCHUR
MALYALA
KUTTIADI EXT.
M K HUBLI GHATAPRABHA
VAGAMANGALA
MALCO
THONDAMANATHAM
49
NCTPS STG2
(KANNUR)
BELLAMPALLY
REGULAPADU
DHONE
KAMBALAPADU
NANSURALLA
LAKKASAGARAM
MRS
PALAMANERU
SIMHAPURI
50
52
51
KOCHI
S.V.CHATRAM
NALLAMANAICKENPATTY
53
KTPS VI
GMR (BARGE)
54
55
56
BRANDIX
REGUMANAGADDA
MEENAKSHI
CHIKKAMAGALUR
TUTICORIN J V
BHAVANI
SIRUSERI
VEMNUR
MEDARAM
THIMMAPURAM
GUDEMDODDI
KONDAPURAM
AMBALAMUGAL
NAGARI
SHANKARAPALLY
KRISHNAPATNAM
NELLORE PS
GUNROCK
GOOTY RTSS
HALABARGA
NILAGUNDA
57
(KAVANOOR)
KARAMBAYAM
58
INDBHARATH
KITS PARK
59
60
64
62
63
61
SADAYAMPALAYAM
ANAIKADAVU
SUZLON
BALUTILIS
NARENDRA-KP
INDAL
KANABHARGI LYT
SIRSI
65
66
67
68
M'RABAD
BMM
S.KOPPA
69
HN'PURA
K'NAGARA
B'PET 70
71
SARJ APURA
72
J URALA HY
B'GUDUR
J SW
SHAPURAM
RLY
NBEIL
NTPD
SUZLON(W)
PENNA BR'PALLI
GAP
ABHIJ EET ALLOY
ANRAK AL.
SARDA
182 of 198
July 2013 Rev 0
TUTICORIN
P OTHENCODE
MADURAI
UDUMALPET
P UGALUR
TRICHUR
P ALAKKAD
ARASUR
TRICHY
MTPS
NCTPS
ENNORE
NEYVELI TPS 1 (Exp)
SALEM
KALAVINDAPATTU
VALLUR
CHITTOOR
HOSUR
BIDADI SOMANAHALLI
GUTTUR
KADAPA
KAIGA
NARENDRA
GOOTY
NELLORE
NUNNA N SAGAR
MAMIDIPALLI
KHAMMAM
WARANGAL
GHANAPUR
DICHIPALLY
RAMAGUNDAM
TO J EYPORE
VTS
TO CHANDRAPUR
HOODY
TALAGUPPA
KURNOOL
LANCO
KALPAKA
TO TALCHER
RAICHUR
KOLAR
NEYVELI TS 2
ST-CMS
NEYVELI TS 1
SRISAILAM
MAHABOOB NAGAR
MYSORE
ALMATHY
GAUTAMI
KONASEEMA
(CHECKANURANI)
THIRUNELVELI
NELLORE
(MANUBOLU)
HIRIYUR (PG)
MUNIRABAD BTPS
KOODANKULAM
GAJ WEL
GAZUWAKA
BHOOPALAPPALLY
KARAIKUDI
NEYVELI TS 2 (Exp)
J INDAL
HASSAN
KAKATIYA
UP CL
NCTPS STG2
SIMHAPURI
KOCHI
S.V.CHATRAM
KTPS VI
GMR (BARGE)
MEENAKSHI
SHANKARAPALLY
KRISHNAPATNAM
NELLORE PS
NELAMANGALA
GMR (BARGE)
GMR VEMAGIRI
VEMAGIRI
MALKARAM
SRIPERAMBADUR
EDAMON
GVK (J EGRUPADU EXTN)
SIMHADRI STG2
SIMHADRI STG1
183 of 198
July 2013 Rev 0
(
2
6
)
MTPS STG 3
LKPPL
80
VTS
STG IV
KARAIKUDI
80
GMR
(
2
)
GAUTAMI
(
3
9
)
(
7
)
MUNIRABAD
(
1
5
1
)
(
4
0
)
NEYVELI
TS2
NEYVELI
TS-I (Exp)
NEYVELI
TS-2 (Exp)
HOODY
BANGALORE
PUGALUR
TUTICORN
(37)
KRISHNAPATNAM
MEPL
SEPL
NELLORE
63
JINDAL
CHPUR
NARENDRA
MBNAGAR
BOOPALAPALLY
MMD'PALLI
SIMHADRI
50
~
ARASUR
RAMAGUNDAM
HYDERABAD
N'SAGAR
KHAMMAM
NUNNA
CUDDAPAH
GOOTY
RAICHUR
MADRAS
SALEM
UDUMALPET
TRICHY
THRISSUR
KURNOOL
80
80
63
63
63
63
63
63 63(AP)
TO JEYPORE
NELMANGALA
GUTTUR
KALPAKA
~
~
~
SRISAILAM
NELLORE PS
KOLAR
HOSUR
63
63
63
63
TALAGUPPA
HIRIYUR
63
63
63
50
50
50
50
50
50
50 50
50 50
50
50
50
50
50
63
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50 50
50
50
50
50 50
- LINE REACTOR
(Non Switchable & Non Convertible)
- LINE REACTOR CONVERTABLE INTO
BUS REACTOR (Switchable)
- BUS REACTOR
50
50
50
50
TRIVANDRUM
KAIGA
63 50
VEMAGIRI
(178)
(178)
(
1
2
)
(
2
6
7
)
(197)
(197)
(227)
(
1
0
8
)
(163)
(
1
1
0
)
(54)
GAZUWAKA
(
1
4
0
)
(
3
4
0
)
(
3
4
0
)
(85)
(
1
0
8
)
(160)
(
2
6
7
)
(
3
6
4
)
(
1
9
4
)
(
3
3
8
)
(
1
7
2
)
(
1
4
5
)
- FIXED SERIES COMPENSATOR
400KV NETWORK IN SR WITH LINES AND BUS REACTORS
CHITTOOR
(160)
GVK
SRLDC, BANGALORE
April 2013
- SWITCHABLE LINE REACTOR
( Non Convertible)
ALMATHY
(163)
MYSORE
(35)
(17)
KONASEEMA
(
2
2
0
)
(
1
5
6
)
(
1
5
6
)
TIRUNELVELI
63
DITCHIPALLY
KALAVINDAPATTU
80
50
50
50
(148)
(
1
6
2
)
(
1
6
2
)
40% 40%
40%
40%
63
GAJWEL
BTPS
(
1
5
0
)
63 63
* Early Commissioned Line Reactors of
Cochin line is being used as Bus Reactors.
* *
MALKARAM
WARANGAL
(
9
9
)
(
1
1
8
)
50
63
63
63 63
50
50
63
- LINE REACTOR CONVERTABLE INTO
BUS REACTOR (Non-Switchable)
63
63
63
63
63
63
63
63
HASSAN 80
PONDY
63
63
I
II
I II
I
II
63
I
III
63
SV CHATRAM
VALLUR
KUDANKULAM
80
COCHIN
63
(153)
MADURAI
PALLAKAD
63
63
63
BIDADI
~
~
KTPS VI
(
3
1
)
(
3
1
)
63
63
50
63
(290)
(3.8)
(
1
4
4
)
NCTPS STG2
(7)
(34)
SHANKERPALLY
63
63
80
184 of 198
July 2013 Rev 0
GOKARNA
TALA HPS
CHUKHA HPS
BONGAI GAON
BI NAGURI
N. PURNEA
MUZAFFARPUR
BARH
KAHALGAON
FARAKKA
BI RPARA SHI LI GURI
AGRA
GORAKHPUR
TEESTA
MALBASE
DALKHOLA
BALI A
GOPALGUNJ
HAZI PUR
DARBHANGA
BEGUSARAI
PATNA
FATUAH
KHAGAUL
ARAH
SASARAM
SARNATH
ALLAHBAD
BI HARSHARI FF
GAYA
KODARMA BTPS
BODHGAYA
DEHRI
K' NASA
SAHUPURI
TVNL
PTPS
MALDA
RANCHI
SAGARDI GHI
BKTPP
PPSP
MAI THON
MAI THON
JAMSHEDPUR
DURGAPUR
BI DHANNAGAR
DPL
MEJI A
DSTPS
CTPS
STPS
KOLAGHAT
JEERAT
ARAMBAG
HOWRAH
BARI PADA
RENGALI
PH
NALCO
HATI A
CHANDI L
TTPS
J AMSHEDPUR
DVC
RAMCHANDRAPUR
ROURKELA
TARKERA
BUDI PATAR
I B
TSTPP
M' MUNDALI
CHANDKA
DUBURI
KATAPALLI
UPPER
I NDRAVATI
THERUBALI
JEYPORE
UPPER
I NDRAVATI
KOLAB
BALI MELA GAZUWAKA
NARENDRAPUR
BHANJNAGAR
NAYAGARH
BI DANASI
JODA
BALASORE
BHADRAK
SI PAT
RAI GARH
KORBA
KOLAR
U- SI LLERU
VALLEY
BI SHNUPUR
BARKOT
RAMGARH
CHANDI POSH
5 0 0 M W
6 3 0 M W
1000 MW
1050 MW
K' SWARI
GARWAH
STERLI TE
SAI NTALA
2 4 0 0 MW
FATHEPUR
JI NDAL
RENGALI
SI PARA
LALMATI A
PARADEEP
DUBURI
VEDANTA
BOLANGI R
BHUSAN STL
JSPL
JSL
MI NL
VI SA
ROHI T
NI NL
SUBHASGRAM
MI DNAPORE
N. HALDI A
MTPS
KRI SHNANAGAR
SATGACHI A
KASBA
LAKHI KANTAPUR
BUDGEBUDGE
NEWTOWN
CLC
RI SHRA
DHANBAD
MEJI A
WARI A
PARULI A
MUCHI PARA
BARJ ORA TAMLA
1020 MW
3 3 6 M W
5 1 0 M W
2100 MW
2340 MW
2 2 0 M W
1000 MW
6 0 0 M W
1050 MW
1260 MW
6 9 0 M W
3 5 0 M W
1 3 4 0 MW
1250 MW
7 7 0 M W
4 2 0 M W
9 0 0 M W
4 2 0 M W
1 2 1 5 MW
3 0 0 0 MW
1 2 0 0 MW
2 4 0 M W
2 5 0 M W
4 1 0 M W
2 5 0 M W
3 0 M W
5 0 M W
3 8. 5 MW
6 0 0 M W
5 1 0 M W
3 2 0 M W
2 7 0 M W
EASTERN REGI ONAL LOAD DESPATCH CENTRE

EASTERN REGI ON TRANSMI SSI ON NET WOR K
220KV & ABOVE

400 KV S/ S 400KV LI NE
220KV S/ S 220KV LI NE
THERMAL PS
HYDROPS
DRAWN ON: Dat e 12. 04. 12
Revi sed May' 13
HVDC
DRAWN BY: ERLDC POSOCO
Bus Secti on Open
I sol at or Open
765 KV S/ S 765KV LI NE
HVDC S/ S
T- Connecti on
400 KV S/ S St at e
LI NE
NEPAL
BHUTAN
BANGLADESH
BAY OF BENGAL
CHATTI SGARH
UTTARPRADESH
ASSAM
RT. BANK
MEHNDASAL
7 5 0 M W
5 0 0 M W
PURNEA
BURNPUR
DOMJUR
ASANSOL
ANDHRAPRADESH
KHARAGPUR
GMR
TI SCO
RAGHUNATHPUR
BANKA
APRNL
2X270 MW
ESSAR
STEEL
3 5 0 M W
SUBHASGRAM
WB
KEONJHAR
DALKHOLA
WB
JHARSHUGUDA
BEHRAMPUR
BEHRAMARA
BANGLAESH
SHI LI GURI
WB
TLDP
4 X 33 MW
ANGUL

185 of 198
July 2013 Rev 0
186 of 198
July 2013 Rev 0
Revised on 03-May-13
9
v
Along
Daporizo
Ranganadi
Ziro
Naharlugan
Nirjuli
Bhalukpong
Khupi
Khawiva
(Lunglei)
Serchhip
(Bukpui)
Saitual
Zuangtui
Aizawl
Luangmual
Kolasib
Bairabi
2
1
P.K. Bari
Kumarghat
3
4
5
AGTPP
6
7
8
10
Rokhia
Udaipur
Churachandpur
Kakching
Kongba
Yaingangpokpi
Loktak
Imphal
Imphal(S)
Karong
Jiribam
Rengpang
Meluri
Kiphire
Wokha
Doyang
Mokokchung
Dimapur (S)
Dimapur
Kohima
Rongkhon
Nangalbibra
Nongstoin Mawlai
NEHU
Leshka
Lumshnong
Khleihriat
Khleihriat(S)
NEIGRIHMS
1 2
3
4
5 6 7
8
Dullavcherra
Badarpur
19
Srikona
Pailapool
Haflong
Haflong
Khandong
Kopili
Samaguri
Balipara
Misa
Bongaigaon
Salakati
BTPS
Binaguri(ER)
Birpara(ER)
Gelyphu(Bhutan)
Sarusajai
Rangia
Gohpur
Tinsukia
Deomali
AGBPP
Mariani(PG)
Kahilipara
1
Agia
Boko
2
3
4
Gauripur
Gossaigaon
5
6
7
8
9
10
Langpi
11
12
Sankardevnagar
Diphu
13
Majuli
Dhemaji
15
14
Sibsagar
Nazira
Golaghat
Bokajan
Dibrugarh
Maran
16
17
Doomdooma
Margherita
LEGEND
400 kV -
220 kV -
132 kV -
Hydro -
Thermal -
POWERGRID
NEEPCO
NHPC
Assam
Meghalaya
Tripura
Others
POWER MAP OF NORTH EAST REGIONAL GRID
Motonga(Bhutan)
Cherapunjee
NEEPCO (in MW)
Ranganadi - 3x135
Doyang - 3x25
AGBPP - 4x33.6+2x35+3x30
AGTPP - 4x21
Khandong - 2x25
Kopili - 4x50
Kopili St II - 2x25
NHPC (in MW)
Loktak - 3x35
Ningthonkhong
Bhutan
Bangladesh
Bangladesh
China
Bangladesh
W
e
s
t

B
e
n
g
a
l
Bhutan
Important Lines (in ckm)
1. 400 kV Misa-Balipara D/C - 190
2. 400 kV Balipara-Bongaigaon D/C - 580
3. 400 kV Balipara - Ranganadi D/C - 332
4. 400 kV Bongaigaon - Binaguri D/C - 436
1. 220 kV Misa - Dimapur D/C - 247
2. 220 kV Misa - Mariani S/C - 220
3. 220 kV Misa- AGBPP S/C - 382.9
4. 220 kV Misa - Samaguri D/C - 68.8
5. 220 kV MIsa - Kopili T/C - 221.4
6. 220 kV Samaguri - Mariani S/C - 168
7. 220 kV Mariani - AGBPP S/C - 162.9
8. 220 kV Balipara - Samaguri S/C - 65
9 - 220 kV Sarusajai - Samaguri D/C - 247
10. 220 kV Bongaigaon - Salakati S/C - 1
11. 220 kV Salakati - BTPS D/C - 8
12. 220 kV Sarusajai - Langpi D/C - 216.4
Meghalaya
1. Umiam
2. UmiamSt I
3. UmiamSt II
4. UmiamSt III
5. UmiamSt IV
6. Umtru
7. EPIP II (Norbong)
8. EPIP I (Raja)
9. Killing(Byrnihat)
Assam
1. J ogigopa
2. Dhaligaon
3. Nalbari
4. Bornagar
5. Sipajhar
6. Sisugram
7. CTPS
Tripura
1. Dharmanagar
2. Kailashahar
3. Kamalpur
4. Dhalabil
5. Agartala
6. Bodhjangnagar
7. J irania
8. Baramura
9. Teliamura
10. Ambasa
11Surjamaninagar
8. Narengi
9. Rowta
10. Baghjap
11. Depota
12. Pavoi
13.
NLakhimpur
14.- Bokaghat
15. J orhat
16. LTPS
17. NTPS
18. Mariani
19. Panchgram
20.
Panchgram(New)
Palatana
Silchar
Kukurmara
9
9
11
Mawngap
18
BTPS (NTPC)
20
21
187 of 198
July 2013 Rev 0
LUCKNOW
MOGA
2 x1500 MVA ICT
2 x 240 MVAR B/R
240 MVAR L/R
* USED AS B/R
GAYA
3 x1500 MVA ICT
2 x 240 MVAR B/R
240 MVAR L/R
SIPAT
2 x1000 MVA ICT
2 x 240MVAR L/R
240 MVAR B/R
3 x1500 MVA ICT
240 MVAR B/R
2 x 240 MVAR L/R
2 x1500 MVA ICT
2x 240 MVAR B/R
240 MVAR L/R
2 x1500 MVA ICT
240 MVA L/R
2x 240 MVAR B/R

765kV charged at 765kV
400kV
765kV GRID MAP
WARDHA
BILASPUR
GWALIOR
BALIA
FATEHPUR
BINA
2 x1000 MVA ICT
5 x 240MVAR L/R
1x 240 MVAR B/R
SEONI
INDORE
ANPARA C
2 x1000 MVA ICT
189 MVAR B/R
330 MVAR L/R
2 x1000 MVA ICT
189 MVAR B/R
330 MVAR L/R
2 x1500 MVA ICT
240 MVAR B/R
240MVAR L/R
3 x1500 MVA ICT
240 MVAR B/R
2x 240 MVAR L/R
1 x 1500 MVA ICT
1 x 330 MVAR B/R
330 MVAR L/R

2 x1500 MVA ICT
330 MVAR B/R
3 x 330 MVAR L/R
3 x1500 MVA ICT
240 MVAR B/R
3x 240 MVAR L/R
BHIWANI
2 x1000 MVA ICT
2 x 240 MVAR B/R

SATNA
2 x1000 MVA ICT
2 x 240MVAR L/R
240 MVAR B/R
UNNAO
I - 274 kM
II - 276 kM
292 kM
I - 337 kM I - 22 kM
II - 338 kM II - 22 kM
I

-

1
2
9

k
M

I

-

2
3
4

k
M

I
I
-

1
2
8

k
M

I
I
-

2
3
5

k
M

JHATIKARA
*
4x1500 MVA ICT
1x 240 MVAR B/R
1x 240 MVAR L/R

AGRA
MEERUT
Future
2 x1500 MVA ICT
1 X 240 MVAR B/R
1x 240 MVAR L/R

1 x1000 MVA ICT

SASAN
2 x1500 MVA ICT
2 x 240 MVAR L/R
330 MVAR Mid
Point REACTOR
SASARAM
1 x1500 MVA ICT
188 of 198
July 2013 Rev 0
189 of 198
July 2013 Rev 0
N
e
p
a
l

E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
i
t
y

A
u
t
h
o
r
i
t
y
,

F
i
s
c
a
l

Y
e
a
r

2
0
0
6
/
0
7

-

A

Y
e
a
r

i
n

R
e
v
i
e
w
N
E
A
F
Y

2
0
0
6
/
0
7
A

y
e
a
r

i
n
R
e
v
i
e
w
6
7
190 of 198
July 2013 Rev 0

191 of 198
July 2013 Rev 0
ANNEXURE XV

Glossary and Definitions

a) "Act" means the Electricity Act, 2003 as amended from time to time;

b) "Ancillary Services" means in relation to power system (or grid) operation, the
services necessary to support the power system (or grid) operation in maintaining power quality,
reliability and security of the grid, eg. active power support for load following, reactive power
support, black start, etc;

c) "Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR)" means a continuously acting automatic excitation control
system to control the voltage of a Generating Unit measured at the generator terminals;

d) "Available Transfer Capability (ATC)" means the transfer capability of the inter-control area
transmission system available for scheduling commercial transactions (through long term access,
medium term open access and short term open access) in a specific direction, taking into account the
network security. Mathematically ATC is the Total Transfer Capability less Transmission Reliability
Margin;

e) "Beneficiary" means a person who has a share in an ISGS

f) "Bilateral Transaction" means a transaction for exchange of energy (MWh) between a specified
buyer and a specified seller, directly or through a trading licensee or discovered at Power Exchange
through anonymous bidding, from a specified point of injection to a specified point of drawal for a
fixed or varying quantum of power (MW) for any time period during a month;

g) "Black Start Procedure" means the procedure necessary to recover from a partial or a total
blackout in the region; h) "BIS" means the Bureau of Indian Standards;

i) "Bulk Consumer" means any Consumer who avails supply at voltage of 33 kV or above;

j) "Capacitor" means an electrical facility provided for generation of reactive power;

k) "Central Generating Station" means the generating stations owned by the
companies owned or controlled by the Central Government;

l) "Central Transmission Utility (CTU)" means any Government company, which the Central
Government may notify under sub-section (1) of Section 38 of the Act;

m) "Collective Transaction" means a set of transactions discovered in power
exchange through anonymous, simultaneous competitive bidding by buyers and sellers;

n) "Congestion" means a situation where the demand for transmission capacity
exceeds the Available Transfer Capability;

o) "Connection Agreement" means an Agreement between CTU, inter-state transmission licensee
other than CTU (if any) and any person setting out the terms relating to a connection to and/or use of
the Inter State Transmission System;

Annexure XV- Glossary and Definitions
192 of 198
p) "Connection Point" means a point at which a Plant and/ or Apparatus connects to
the Transmission /Distribution System;

q) "Connectivity" means the state of getting connected to the inter-State transmission system by a
generating station, including a captive generating plant, a bulk consumer or an inter-State
transmission licensee;

r) "Control Area" means an electrical system bounded by interconnections (tie lines), metering and
telemetry which controls its generation and/or load to maintain its interchange schedule with other
control areas whenever required to do so and contributes to frequency regulation of the
synchronously operating system;

s) "Demand" means the demand of Active Power in MW and Reactive Power in MVAr of electricity
unless otherwise specified;

t) "Demand response" means reduction in electricity usage by end customers fromtheir normal
consumption pattern, manually or automatically, in response to high UIcharges being incurred by the
State due to overdrawal by the State at low frequency,or in response to congestion charges being
incurred by the State for creatingtransmission congestion, or for alleviating a system contingency, for
which such consumers could be given a financial incentive or lower tariff;

u) "Despatch Schedule" means the ex-power plant net MW and MWh output of a generating station,
scheduled to be exported to the Grid from time to time;

v) "Disturbance Recorder (DR)" means a device provided to record the behavior of
the pre-selected digital and analog values of the system parameters during an Event;

w) "Data Acquisition System (DAS)" means a system provided to record the sequence of operation
in time, of the relays/equipments as well as the measurement of pre-selected system parameters;

x) "Drawal Schedule" means the summation of the station-wise ex-power plant drawal schedules
from all ISGS and drawal from/injection to regional grid consequent to other long term access,
medium term and short term open access transactions;

y) "DVC" means the Damodar Valley Corporation established under sub-section (1) of Section 3 of
the Damodar Valley Corporation Act, 1948;

z) "Entitlement" means a Share of a beneficiary (in MW / MWh) in the installed
capacity/output capability of an ISGS;

aa) "Event" means an unscheduled or unplanned occurrence on a Grid including faults, incidents and
breakdowns;

bb) "Event Logging Facilities" means a device provided to record the chronological sequence of
operations, of the relays and other equipment;

cc) "Ex-Power Plant" means net MW/MWh output of a generating station, after deducting auxiliary
consumption and transformation losses;

193 of 198
dd) "Fault Locator (FL)" means a device provided at the end of a transmission line to measure/
indicate the distance at which a line fault may have occurred;

ee) "Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System(FACTS)" means a power electronics
based system and other static equipment that provide control of one or more AC transmission system
parameters to enhance controllability and increase
power transfer capability;

ff) "Force Majeure" means any event which is beyond the control of the persons involved which
they could not foresee or with a reasonable amount of diligence could not have foreseen or which
could not be prevented and which substantially affects the performance by person such being the
following including but not limited to :-
a) Acts of God, natural phenomena, floods, droughts, earthquakes and epidemics;
b) Enemy acts of any Government domestic or foreign, war declared or undeclared, hostilities,
priorities, quarantines, embargoes;
c) Riot or Civil Commotion; d) Grid's failure not attributable to the person.

gg) "Forced Outage" means an outage of a Generating Unit or a transmission facility due to a fault
or other reasons which has not been planned;

gg(i) Frequency Response Characteristic is defined as the automatic, sustained change in the power
consumption by load or output of generators that occurs immediately after a change in the control areas load-generation
balance and which is in a direction to oppose a change in the Interconnections frequency.

hh) "Generating Company" means any company or body corporate or association or body of
individuals, whether incorporated or not, or artificial juridical person, which owns or operates or
maintains a generating station.

ii) "Generating Unit" means an electrical Generating Unit coupled to a turbine within a Power
Station together with all Plant and Apparatus at that Power Station which relates exclusively to the
operation of that turbo-generator;

jj) "Good Utility Practices" means any of the practices, methods and acts engaged in or approved by
a significant portion of the electric utility industry during the relevant time period which could have
been expected to accomplish the desired results at a reasonable cost consistent with good business
practices, reliably, safely and with expedition;

kk) "Governor Droop" means in relation to the operation of the governor of a Generating Unit, the
percentage drop in system frequency which would cause the
Generating Unit under restricted/free governor action to change its output from zero to full load;

ll) "Grid Standards" means the standards specified by the Authority under clause (d) of the Section
73 of the Act;

mm) "Extra High Voltage (EHV)" means where the voltage exceeds 33,000 volts
under normal conditions, subject, however, to the percentage variation allowed by the Authority;

nn) "Independent Power Producer (IPP)" means a generating company not owned/ controlled by
the Central/State Government;

194 of 198
oo) "Indian Electricity Grid Code (IEGC) or Grid Code" means these regulations specifying the
philosophy and the responsibilities for planning and operation of Indian power system ;

pp) "Inter-State Generating Station (ISGS)" means a Central generating station or
other generating station, in which two or more states have Shares;

qq) "Inter State Transmission System (ISTS)" means
i) Any system for the conveyance of electricity by means of a main transmission line from the
territory of one State to another State
ii) The conveyance of electricity across the territory of an intervening State as well as conveyance
within the State which is incidental to such inter-state transmission of energy
(iii) The transmission of electricity within the territory of State on a system built, owned, operated,
maintained or controlled by CTU;

rr) "Licensee" means a person who has been granted a license under Section 14 of the Act;

ss) "Load" means the MW/MWh /MVAR/MVARh consumed by a utility/ installation;

tt) "Long-term Access" means the right to use the inter-State transmission system for a period
exceeding 12 years but not exceeding 25 years;

uu) "Long-term customer" means a person who has been granted long-term access and includes a
person who has been allocated central sector generation that is electricity supply from a generating
station owned or controlled by the Central Government;

vv) "Maximum Continuous Rating (MCR)" means the maximum continuous output in MW at the
generator terminals guaranteed by the manufacturer at rated parameters;

ww) "Medium-term Open Access" means the right to use the inter- State transmission system for a
period exceeding 3 months but not exceeding 3 years;

xx) "Medium-term customer" means a person who has been granted medium term open access:

yy) "National Grid" means the entire inter-connected electric power network of the country;

zz) "Net Drawal Schedule" means the drawal schedule of a Regional Entity after deducting the
apportioned transmission losses (estimated);

aaa) "NLDC" means the Centre established under sub-section (1) of Section 26 of the Act;

bbb) "Operation" means a scheduled or planned action relating to the operation of a System;

ccc) "Operation Coordination Sub- Committee (OCC)" means a sub-committee of RPC with
members from all the regional entities which decides the operational aspects of the Regional Grid;

ddd) "Operating range" means the operating range of frequency and voltage as specified under the
operating code (Part-5) of IEGC

eee) "Pool Account" means regional account for
(i) Payments regarding unscheduled-interchanges (UI Account) or
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(ii) Reactive energy exchanges (Reactive Energy Account)
(iii) Congestion Charge
(iv) Renewable Regulatory charge, as the case may be;

fff) "POWERGRID" means Power Grid Corporation of India Limited which has been notified as
CTU.
ggg) "Power Exchange" means the power exchange which has been granted registration in
accordance with CERC (Power Market Regulations), 2010 as amended from time to time;

hhh) "Power System" means all aspects of generation, transmission, distribution and
supply of electricity and includes one or more of the following, namely:
(a) generating stations;
(b) transmission or main transmission lines;
(c) sub-stations;
(d) tie-lines;
(e) load despatch activities;
(f) mains or distribution mains;
(g) electric supply lines;
(h) overhead lines;
(i) service lines;
(j) works;

iii) "Protection Coordination Sub-Committee" means a sub-committee of RPC with members from
all the regional entities which decide on the protection aspects of the Regional Grid;

jjj) "Reactor" means an electrical facility specifically designed to absorb Reactive Power;

kkk) "Regional Entity" means such persons who are in the RLDC control area and whose metering
and energy accounting is done at the regional level;

lll) "Regional .Power Committee (RPC)" means a Committee established by resolution by the
Central Government for a specific region for facilitating the integrated operation of the power
systems in that region;

mmm) "RPC Secretariat" means the Secretariat of the RPC.
nnn) "Regional Energy Account (REA)" means a regional energy account prepared on monthly
basis by the RPC Secretariat for the billing and settlement of 'Capacity Charge', 'Energy Charge' and
transmission charges;

nnn(i) Reliability Co-Ordinator means officials in RLDCs/ NLDC designated to help in secure, safe
and efficient operation of the power system by discharging the following functions:
1. Assessment of the Transfer Capability and advise the margins for STOA accordingly
2. Co-ordinate outage of transmission network
3. Analysis of abnormal events in the system and its bearing on system security
4. Maintain a close liaison with the operation staff and provide inputs for effective decision making in
realtime on matters related to grid security
5. Co-ordinate with each other so as to have the same big picture of the pan lndia grid.

196 of 198

ooo) "Regional Grid" means the entire synchronously connected electric power network of the
concerned Region;

ppp) "Regional Load Despatch Centre (RLDC)" means the Centre established under sub-section
(1) of Section 27 of the Act;
qqq) "Share" means percentage share of a beneficiary in an ISGS either notified by Government of
India or agreed through contracts and implemented through long term access;

rrr) "Short-term Open Access" means open access for a period up to one (1) month at one time;

sss) "Spinning Reserve" means part loaded generating capacity with some reserve margin that is
synchronized to the system and is ready to provide increased generation at short notice pursuant to
dispatch instruction or instantaneously in response to a frequency drop;

ttt) "Standing Committee for Transmission Planning" means a Committee constituted by the CEA
to discuss, review and finalise the proposals for expansion or modification in the ISTS and associated
intra-state systems;

uuu) "SEB" means State Electricity Board which term includes State Electricity Department;

vvv) "SERC" means State Electricity Regulatory Commission www) "State Load Despatch Centre
(SLDC)" means the Centre established under subsection (1) of Section 31 of the Act;

xxx) "State Transmission Utility (STU)" means the Board or the Government Company specified as
such by the State Government under sub-section (1) of Section 39 of the Act;

yyy) "Static VAR Compensator (SVC)" means an electrical facility designed for the purpose of
generating or absorbing Reactive Power;

zzz) "Technical Coordination Committee (TCC)" means the committee set up by RPC to
coordinate the technical and commercial aspects of the operation of the regional grid;

aaaa) "Time Block" means block of 15 minutes each for which Special Energy Meters record values
of specified electrical parameters with first time block starting at 00.00 Hrs;

bbbb) "Total Transfer Capability (TTC)" means the amount of electric power that can be
transferred reliably over the inter-control area transmission system under a given set of operating
conditions considering the effect of occurrence of the worst credible contingency;

cccc) "Transmission License" means a License granted under Section 14 of the Act to transmit
electricity;

dddd) "Transmission Planning Criteria" means the policy, standards and guidelines issued by the
CEA for the planning and design of the Transmission system;

eeee) "Transmission Reliability Margin (TRM)" means the amount of margin kept in the total
transfer capability necessary to ensure that the interconnected transmission network is secure under a
reasonable range of uncertainties in system conditions;

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ffff) "Unscheduled Interchange (UI)" means in a time block for a generating station or a seller
means its total actual generation minus its total scheduled generation and for a beneficiary or buyer
means its total actual drawal minus its total scheduled drawal;

gggg) "User" means a person such as a Generating Company including Captive Generating Plant or
Transmission Licensee (other than the Central Transmission Utility and State Transmission utility) or
Distribution Licensee or Bulk Consumer, whose electrical plant is connected to the ISTS at a voltage
level 33kV and above.

Words and expressions used in these regulations and not defined herein but defined
in the Act shall have the meaning assigned to them under the Act.
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Rgmo Operation Procedure

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JULY-2013 REV 0

Annexure V - NLDC Advisory on High Capacity 765kV Corridor

Annexure V - NLDC Advisory on High Capacity 765kV Corridor

In the rare eventuality that an emergency occurs on the 765 kV BinaGwaliorAgraJhatikara

Theinformationsystembetween the differentagenciesinvolvedneedstobe takencareof

Annexure V - NLDC Advisory on High Capacity 765kV Corridor

UPPTCL Approved 11-05-2012

Case Contingency Action

Case Contingency Action

Case Contingency Action

10 SPSatMuddanur APTRANSCO Inservice

TalcherKolarHVDC linkisa 2000MWasynchronouslinkbetweenEasternandSouthernregions.

Yeraguntala Kolar Hosur Salem Sriperumbudu

STATE SUBSTATIONS RELIEF

STATE SUBSTATIONS RELIEF

STATE SUBSTATIONS RELIEF(MW) REMARKS

EASTERN REGI ONAL LOAD DESPATCH CENTRE

220KV & ABOVE

Revi sed May' 13

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