T NG H P Ure

CC CNG NGH CH BIN
PHN UR T KH THIN NHIN

1/ Trn Hong Bch MSSV : 61000158
2/ L Mnh H MSSV : 61000802
3/ L Thanh Li MSSV : 61001830
4 Nguyn Hong V MSSV : 61004074
Gii thiu chung
Cng ngh sn xut NH
3
Cng ngh sn xut Ure
Lin h nh my
GII THIU CHUNG
I.Gii thiu chung
a. NH
3
Amoniac (NH
3
) c tn gi khc nh Azane,
Ammonia, Hydrogen nitride
Tnh cht vt l : NH
3
khan l mt cht kh khng mu, t
trng so vi khng kh bng 0,596 O
o
C, c mi sc c
trng
p sut kh quyn, NH
3
ha lng ti -33,34
o
C, v vy
nhit thng ngi ta phi lu tr NH
3
lng di p
sut cao (khong trn 10 atm ti 25,7
o
C).
I.Gii thiu chung
a. NH
3
ng dng amoniac
- Dng trong cc phng th nghim v trong i sng.
- To mi trng chng ng s dng trc tip lm phn bn.
- Trong x l mi trng nhm loi cc NO
x
hoc SO
x
.
- Cng nghip sn xut phn bn, ha cht v ha dc.
Nm 2004 159,1 triu tn
Nm 2005 162,3 triu tn
Nm 2006 166,1 triu tn
Nm 2007 176,6 triu tn
Nm 2008 184,0 triu tn
Nm 2010 202,0 triu tn
I.Gii thiu chung
b. Ure

Tn gi khc Diaminomethanal, carbamide, carbonyl
diamide, cacbamua.
Tnh cht vt l:
Tinh th, khng mu nhit nng chy 132,4
0
C
D ha tan trong nc v d b nhit phn
t c mi khai, cho vo kim th khng cn mi
Khi lng ring : 750kg/m
3
Nhit phn hy : 132,7
0
C (406 K)
Hiu ng nhit trong nc: 57,8 cal/g ( thu nhit)
T l m rt cao, khong 45 48% m nguyn cht
I.Gii thiu chung
b. Ure

ng dng:

Lm phn bn cho cy
c dng trong mt s ngnh thuc tr su
L cht thay th cho mui trong vic h nhit ng
lnh cc vng c tuyt
Nguyn liu cho sn xut nha
Ure c dng trong sn phm da liu
Dng chng nhim formaldehyde
I.Gii thiu chung
b. Ure

Nhu cu s dng Ure ton th gii
CNG NGH SN
XUT NH
3
II.Cng ngh sn xut NH
3
Cng ngh Topsoe

Lm sch nguyn liu
Reforming
Chuyn ho CO
Tch CO
2
Metan ho
Tng hp NH
3
3
Cng ngh Topsoe Lm sch nguyn liu

- L qu trnh bt buc loi b cc tp cht nh Clo v
lu hunh. Cc cht ny c nh hng n cc cht xc tc
c s dng sau ny
Hydrogenation
Absorption
Final purification
3

3

1. Hydrogenation: hydro c cung cp vo chuyn Cl
v S thnh cc sn phm hydrogen s dng cc cht xc tc
nh TK-250 (CoMo type) and TK-261 (NiMo type).
iu kin lm vic t 300-400
o
C, p sut t 210-710 psig
3

2. Absorption: dng nhp liu tip tc c a qua cht
hp th l HTZ-3 (ZnO) nhit vn hnh l khong 300-
400
0
C, p sut t 150-750 psig. Qu trnh hp th rt tt. C
th loi b tp cht S n phn t (ppb)
Lu nhit khng c qu cao. Trnh trng hp ZnO
b hydrat ha, n s khng c ti sinh
3

3. Final purification: cho dng kh qua cht xc tc ST-101
trn b mt Cu hot ng nhit 150-360C
3
Cng ngh Topsoe Reforming

Xy ra cc qu trnh :
n 2n 2 2 n 1 2
C H H O C CO 2H ( Q)

4 2 2
CH 2H O CO 3H ( Q)
2 2 2
CO H O CO H O( Q)
L qu trnh thu nhit v nhit ca phn ng 3 rt nh so
vi 2 phn ng u
3

1. Prereforming: hydrocarbon cao hn c chuyn i
thnh mt hn hp ca oxit cacbon, hydro v metan.
3

2. Reforming s cp:
3

2. Reforming s cp:
Hn hp kh sau kh qua prereforming c nhit khong
535
0
C. c cho qua ng xc tc thc hin qu trnh
reforming, s dng xc tc l RK-211,RK-201,R-67-7H
u ra ca reforming s cp cha khong 14% CH
4
, nhit
783
0
C

3

3. Reforming th cp:
3

3. Reforming th cp:
Dng t reforming s cp c a vo thit b reforming
th cp.
Dng kh trn vi khng kh c t chy sinh ra nhit
lng ln ri c a qua tng xc tc
Dng ra c nhit khong 953
0
C, hm lng CH
4
l 0.6 %

4. HTER (Haldor Topsoe
Exchange Reformer)
3
Thit b ny c tc dng gim hao tn
nawgn lng nh s dung dng nhit t
sn phm ca qu trnh reforming th cp

4. HTER (Haldor Topsoe
Exchange Reformer)
3
3
Cng ngh Topsoe Chuyn ho CO

Mc ch: chuyn ha CO thnh
CO
2
theo phn ng

S dng 2 thit b: chuyn ha CO
nhit cao v nhit thp.
3

1. Chuyn ha CO nhit cao :
S dng xc tc TK-20, SK-201-2 (
hn hp crm oxit v st oxit ). Nhit
vn hnh t 360 n 460
0
C.
Xc tc d b mt hot tnh nu lm
vic nhit qu co hoc b ng
c nu tip xc vi Clo hoc mui
v c
3

2. Chuyn ha CO nhit thp
S dng 2 lp xc tc LSK-2 v LK-
823 hoc LK-821-2 cha oxit ng,
km hoc nhm.
Hot ng nhit khong 185
220
0
C
3
Cng ngh Topsoe Tch CO
2
Tch CO
2
s dng thp hp th vi
dung mi l MDEA 40% vi cc qu
trnh

Dng ra t giai on chuyn ha CO
cha 19,3% CO
2
c gim nhit
xung 70
0
C

Ti dng ra hm lng CO
2
c th
gim n 500 ppm
3
Cng ngh Topsoe Metan ho

Mc ch: loi b cacbon oxit d chuyn ha thnh CH
4
.
thc hin nhit 280-450
0
C vi cc phn ng sau:

S dng cht xc tc l PK -7R ( xc tc cha 27% niken).
Cht xc tc d b gim hot tnh do nhim lu huynh , clo
hoc u vo cha qu nhiu CO
2
Sau qu trnh ny, gn nh ton b CO v CO
2
c loi
b
3
Cng ngh Topsoe Tng
hp NH
3
p sut lm vic l 13,73MPa
Nhit vn hnh t:
390-494C vi lp th nht
420-464C vi lp th 2
402-441C vi lp th 3
Hiu xut lm vic ch khong
25%
3
Cng ngh Topsoe Tng
hp NH
3
Xc tc s dng l
KM1/KM1R c tng
cng bi st t v oxit.
Kch thc ht t 1,5 -3mm
Cht xc tc d b ng c
bi S, Cl, P. v co hp cht
cha oxy nh H
2
O, CO, CO
2
Mt vi lu :
T l Hydro/Nit l 3/1
Cc kh tr c a v km
theo kh make-up
3
An ton cho nh my tn tr NH
3
3
3
c hi

Nng
Khi lng
ring
Phn loi c hi
Mc
nguy cp
510%
(2.875.62
mol/l)
48.995.7 g/l Kch thch (Xi) R36/37/38
1025%
(5.6213.29
mol/l )
95.7226.3 g/l Gy n mn (C) R34
>25%
(>13.29 mol/l)
>226.3 g/l
Gy n mn (C)
v nh hng n mi
trng (N)
R34, R50
3
3
c hi

Hin tng Nng , ppm
Pht hin thy c mi 5
D dng pht hin mi 20-50
Gy kh chu v nh hng n sc khe khi tip xc
lu
50-100
Gy chy nc mt k c khi tip xc trong thi gian
ngn
150-200
Kch thch mt, mi, kh th k c khi tip xc trong
thi gian ngn
400-700
Ho, co tht cung phi 1.700
Nguy him n tnh mng k c tip xc di 30 pht 2.000-3.000
Ph, nght th, ngt v nhanh chng t vong 5.000-10.000
Cht lp tc Trn 10.000
3
3
Chy n

Hi amoniac
- Khng phi l cht d bt la v khng duy tr s chy.
- Nhit bc chy cao: 651
o
C (c xc tc st), 850
o
C.
- Hi amoniac to hn hp n vi khng kh khi nng
amoniac trong hn hp l 16-28%.
- Khi cho amoniac tip xc vi thy ngn, cc halogen, bc
oxit, hypoclorit c th to ra cc hp cht n.
Dung dch amoniac
- Khng chy, khng gy n.
- Khi lu tr v chuyn ch dung dch amoniac c th np ti
a n 95% dung tch bnh cha.
3
3
Thao tc an
ton vi NH
3
lng

1. Quy nh v s dng an ton cc thit b chu p lc
- t cc yu cu chung v ch to, lp t, sa cha cc
bnh (thit b) p lc theo TCVN 6153-1996.
- t cc yu cu v ch kim nh k thut (lp t, kim
nh k thut).
- t cc yu cu v vn hnh theo ng nguyn tc an
ton.
- t cc yu cu chung v cc dng c kim tra, o lng,
c cu an ton v ph tng km theo (p k, c cu an ton, cc
dng c o, v.v) v phi tin hnh nh k kim nh cc
dng c ny theo quy nh.
3
3
Thao tc an
ton vi NH
3
lng

2. Quy nh v s dng, lu tr amoniac lng
- S dng bo h. Thao tc ngc gi vi ngun
NH3.
- C ngun nc cp cu s c. Amoniac lng tip xc
vo da hoc mt cn c ra ngay bng nc ngui (15
pht) v a nn nhn n trm y t, bnh vin cu cha.
Lng hi NH3 trong khng kh loi tr bng phun
sng.
- Khng bnh cha NH3 lng khu vc nhit cao
trn 50oC hoc gn la, khng phi nng qu lu cc bnh
cha NH3.
3
3
Thao tc an
ton vi NH
3
lng

- Khi lm vic vi NH
3
cn phi kim tra bnh cha, van, vi
dn NH
3
. Nu pht hin cc bt thng lin quan n s
nguy him cn ngay lp tc dng thao tc v tm cc bin
php x l kp thi.
- phng trng hp khi NH
3
lng bay hi, thu nhit v
gi trng thi lng kh lu. Trong trng hp ny nu da
tip xc vi NH
3
lng c th b bng lnh rt nguy him.
- Khi dng amoniac lng ng bnh, th khng c dng n
ht kit m phi dng s dng khi p sut cn 0,05 MPa (0,5
atm)
3
3
Thao tc an
ton vi NH
3
lng

- Tuyt i khng sa cha bnh cha khi trong bnh ang
cn p sut
- Nghim cm ln bnh, bn cha NH
3
vi cc bnh cha
cc cht khc, c bit l bnh cha kh oxy.
- Qu trnh lu gi phi c bin bn ghi r ngy thng bt u
lu, thi gian thanh kim tra, sa cha, o lng, v.v
3
3
Thao tc an
ton vi NH
3
lng

1/ C s thit k v sn xut bnh, bn cha phi c chng
ch, giy php ca chnh quyn. Tng loi bnh, bn phi c
chng nhn hp cch.
2/ o to nhn s: Ngi thao tc chit np NH
3
phi c
o to chuyn ngh v kim tra tay ngh.
3/ Khi thao tc chit np phi tht thn trng, m van chm
trnh p sut thay i t ngt.
4/ Khng c np y bnh, bn v khi lng NH
3
ti a
c np l G= 0,53 V.
Quy nh v chit np amoniac lng
3
3
Thao tc an
ton vi NH
3
lng

5/ Kim tra inh k cc bnh, bn ng do c quan c thm
quyn tin hnh 1 hoc 2 nm mt ln. Phi ng c du xc
nhn kim tra vo v bnh, bn.
6/ Bnh, bn cha NH
3
cn c nh k bo dng trnh
h hng r r. Cc bnh, bn khng s dng cn phi ni
kh ro.
Khng dng bnh, bn ng amoniac ng cc cht khc
m khng c nh du li theo ng quy nh.
3
3
X l tnh
hung nguy him

- Pht hin v tr r r dng giy ch th t (tm phenolphtalein,
qu).
- R r kh NH
3
nhanh chng kha ngt ngun NH
3
, qut thng
gi v dng nc phun ma ton b h thng, nhanh chng
nm thp trnh lung NH
3
, bt mi khu trang t, ri khi ni
nhim theo hng ngc chiu gi, sau li qut gi hng
vo bnh cha NH
3
.
- NH
3
lng b thot ra, dng t, ct ngn hoc o h cha
NH
3
lng gim kh nng NH
3
lng trn rng, hn ch s bc
hi NH
3
. C th dng bt bnh bt cu ha hoc tm nha
che ln b mt NH
3
lng. Tuyt i khng c phun nc trc
tip vo amoniac lng.

3
3
X l tnh
hung nguy him

S cu khi ht phi NH
3
- Chuyn nn nhn khi khu vc b nhim (trong khi phi ch
bo v cho mnh), h hp nhn to hoc nu c iu kin th
cho th oxy. Gi nn nhn nm m v yn tnh. Lu cc vt
thng phi c th cn tin trin sau 18-24 gi. Nu nn nhn
b ngt cn xoa bp lng ngc v nhanh chng a nn nhn
n trm y t hoc bnh vin cu cha.
3
3
X l tnh
hung nguy him

S cu cc ti nn mt do tip xc vi NH
3
-. Chuyn nn nhn khi ngun nhim v nhanh chng ra
mt bng nc sch hoc vi sen. Nhanh chng nhng nh
nhng lau sch cc vt ha cht Tip tc ra mt (c th c 2
mt) bng dng nc chy nh 15 pht hoc lu hn v a y
trng mt v cc pha cho sch. Nhanh chng a nn nhn n
trm y t hoc bnh vin cu cha.
3
3
X l tnh
hung nguy him

S cu cc tai nn do da tip xc vi NH
3
- Dng nc x l qun o, gng tay, ng dnh amoniac.
Khng ch xt hoc dng thuc m bi ln vt thng trn da.
Chuyn nn nhn khi vng b nhim v nhanh chng tm
ra nn nhn bng nc sch hoc vi sen (ch bo v mt).
Ra khong 1 gi hoc hn. Sau cn a nn nhn n trm
y t hoc bnh vin cu cha.
3
3
X l tnh
hung nguy him

S cu khi ung hoc nut phi NH
3
- Ni lng c vt, khn, c o nn nhn v cho nn nhn sc
ming nhiu ln bng nc lnh v nh i. Tip tc cho nn
nhn ung 1-2 chn sa. Khng gy nn v khng cho nn
nhn ung cc loi du vi mc ch trung ha axit, khng cho
nn nhn ung natri cacbonat hoc cc loi nc gii kht c
ga. Nu nn nhn nn th phi u thp hn chn trnh
vt nn lt vo phi. Sau cn a nn nhn n trm y t
hoc bnh vin cu cha.
CNG NGH SN
XUT URE
III.Cng ngh sn xut Ure

Cng ngh Starmicarbon

Pool Condenser Process
Pool Reactor Process

Cng ngh Starmicarbon Pool Condenser
Process


Process

Pool Condenser Process

Process

chuyn ha NH
3
v CO
2
cao.
Hn ch lng NH
3
v CO
2
d.
Khng cn cng on hon lu NH
3
v CO
2


Cng ngh Starmicarbon Pool Reactor Process



Pool Reactor Process


B ngng t v b phn ng c gom thnh mt.
Tng thi gian lu
Thit b gn hn.
Khng cn Ejector

Cng ngh Starmicarbon

u im chung ca Cng ngh Stamicarbon
Chi ph u t thp hn.
Thun li khi vn hnh.
Gim chiu cao thit b.
Ci tin qu trnh truyn nhit

Cng ngh Snamprogetti

Gm 6 b phn:

Tng hp v thu hi cao p (160 bar)

Thu hi v lm sch trung p (17 bar)

Thu hi v lm sch thp p (3.5 bar)

C c p sut chn khng (0.3 v 0.03 bar)

X l ngng t

To ht


Cng ngh Snamprogetti

u im :

Yu cu nng lng thp

Chi ph u t v vn hnh thp

Hot ng n nh

t gy nhim
...
Nh my m Ph M


T NG H P Ure

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