Companion Guide For Gbe Ela Math

Companion Guide for ompanion Guide for ompanion Guide for
Grade Band Extensions Grade Band Extensions Grade Band Extensions

ELA & Math ELA & Math ELA & Math
Adapting Curriculum and Classroom Environments for Student Success
1
Introducon
WelcometotheDelawareContentStandardsGradeBandExtensions(GBEs)CompanionGuide!
TheAdapngCurriculumandClassroomEnvironmentsforStudentSuccess(ACCESS)ProjectattheUniversityofDelawares
CenterforDisabiliesStudiesinpartnershipwiththeDelawareDepartmentofEducaondevelopedthisguidetoassist
educatorsinnavigangtheGBEs.Thistoolprovideseducatorsvariousavenuestoselectcontentstandardsinordertodevelop
lessonsthatprovideaccesstothegeneraleducaoncurriculumforstudentswithsignicantintellectualdisabilies.
TheCompanionGuidedoesnotreplacetheGBEs.ItisareferencetooltobeusedinconjunconwiththeDelawareContent
StandardsGBEdocument.ToviewthecompleteGBEdocumentsvisittheACCESSProjectwebsiteatdeaccessproject.org.
Table of Contents
Understanding the document 2
ELA
K-2 5
3-5 13
6-8 21
HS 31
Math
K-2 41
3-5 47
6-8 53
HS 61
Glossary
Accommodations 74
Skills/concepts 76
2

Theguidewasdevelopednotonlytoidenfycontentstandardsbuttoprovidetheuserwithaddionalresourcestoassistinthe
creaonandimplementaonofclassroomlessons.
Thisdocumentisdividedrstbycontentareaandthenbytopic(ELA)ordomain(Math)andgradebandasshownintheshaded
baratthetopofeachpage.
ToassistinconnecngboththisguideandtheGBEdocument,refertothecorrespondingpagenumber(s)providedontheupper
righthandsideofeachpage.
Coveredinthistopic/domain:Standardsare
listedbytheessence(mainidea)asidenedin
theGBEswiththestandardnumberincludedin
parentheses.
Essenalstandards(inbold)havebeen
idenedasthosethatarecricalforstudent
successbasedonacriteriaofimportanceacross
school,life,andstateassessment.Whileall
standardsareimportanttoaddress,theessenal
standardsshouldbegivenpriority.
Understanding the document
3

Addionalskills/concepts:*Theseskills/concepts
maybeusedasanentrypointtoselectstandards.
Addionally,theseskills/conceptscanbeembed
dedintoinstrucon;however,theyarenotasubs
tuteforinstruconoftheGBEs.
Note: Addional skills/concepts should not be considered prerequisite skills that require mastery before instrucon of the
standards/grade band extensions.
Possibleaccommodaons:*Accommodaons
thatcouldbeusedwithininstrucontosupport
studentsbasedontheirindividualneeds.
Reallifeapplicaon:*Reallifeapplicaonscan
beusedasanentrypointtoselectstandard(s).
Addionally,thesereallifeacviesmaybeembeddedwithinalessonandcanaidingeneralizaonofskills.
Understanding the document
*Items listed are intended to provide examples and are not exhausve.
5
ELA
K2
6
Reading Standards for Literature (RL)
Coveredinthistopic:(Essenalstandardsbolded) GBEpages9/10
Askandanswerquesonsabouttext(2.1) Pointofview(2.6)
Characterdevelopment(2.3) Readingcomprehension(2.10)
Compareversionsofthesamestory(2.9) Recountstoryandidenfythemainidea(2.2)
Connectillustraonstotext(2.7) Textstructure(2.5)
Idenfypaernsintext(2.4)
Addionalskills/concepts:
Aconsandconsequences Emoonsandfeelings Objectdiscriminaon
Emergentliteracyskills First/last Recall
Sequencing
Possibleaccommodaons:
AACsystem Graphicorganizer Speechtotextsoware
Adaptedtext Objects Taclerepresentaon
Audiobook Pictures/picturesymbols Texttospeechsoware
Reallifeapplicaon:Readingforpleasure;Journaling;Singing;Recingpoetry;Rhyming;Dancing(rhythmic
movement);Creangandreadingsocialstories;Ulizinglibraryresources(books,videos,storyhour);Creangand
performingshows(puppets,plays)
K2
7
Reading Standards for Informaon (RI)
Askandanswerquesonsabouttext(2.1) Connectsupporngdetailstotheauthorspoint(2.8)
Authorspurpose(2.6) Idenfyelementsofinformaonaltext(2.5)
Compareandcontrastpointsoftwotexts(2.9) Locatemainidea(2.2)
Connectevents,concepts,orsteps(2.3) Readingcomprehension(2.10)
Connectimagestotext(2.7) Wordmeaning(2.4)
Emergentliteracyskills Matching Recall
First/last Objectdiscriminaon Sequencing
AACsystem Coloredoverlays Objects
Adaptedtext Graphicorganizer Pictures/picturesymbols
Audiobook Lightbox Speechtotextsoware
Taclerepresentaon
Texttospeechsoware
Reallifeapplicaon:Readingforinformaon(calendar,menu,diconary,recipe);Idenfyingpersonalinformaon;
Usingaschedule;Usingtheinternet;Creangandreadingsocialstories
K2
8
Reading Standards: Foundaonal Skills (RF)
Coveredinthistopic:(Essenalstandardsbolded) GBEpage13
Organizaonofprint(1.1) Understandwordsandsounds(1.2)
Readuently(2.4) Usephonicstodecodewords(2.3)

Auditorydiscriminaon Emergentliteracyskills Paerns
Direconality Leerrecognion Sightwords
Visualdiscriminaon
AACsystem Highlighng Pictures/picturesymbols
Graphicorganizer Objects Taclerepresentaon

Reallifeapplicaon:Readingforpleasureorinformaon;Followingstepsinaprocess(recipe,games);Creang,
organizing,andusingaschedule;Readingamenu
K2
9
Wring Standards (W)
Parcipateinsharedresearch(2.7) Writeinformavepieces(2.2)
Recallandgatherinformaon(2.8) Writenarravepieces(2.3)
Reviseandedit(2.5) Writeopinionpieces(2.1)
Usedigitaltoolstoproduceandpublishwring(2.6)

Choicemaking First/last Objectdiscriminaon
Emergentliteracyskills Followingdirecons Recall
AACsystem Eyegazeboard Objects
Adaptedkeyboard Graphicorganizer Pictures/picturesymbols
Adaptedpencils/grips Highlighng Slantboard
Speechtotextsoware
Storyboard
Wordprediconsoware
Reallifeapplicaon:Usingtechnologytoaccessorprovideinformaon;Expressingwantsandneeds;Idenfying
personalinformaon;Journaling;Makingcardsandleers
K2
10
Speaking and Listening (SL)
Addvisualdisplaystostories/experiences(2.5) Recallkeyideasfromapresentaon(2.2)
Askandanswerquesonsaboutaspeakerstopic(2.3) Speakwithcompletesentences(2.6)
Parcipateincollaboraveconversaons(2.1) Tellastoryorrecountanexperience(2.4)

Aendingtospeaker Followingdirecons Recall
Emergentliteracyskills Objectdiscriminaon Sequencing
Tone/volume
AACsystem Pictures/picturesymbols Taclerepresentaon
Objects Storyboard Texttospeechsoware

Reallifeapplicaon:Conversingwithfriends;Talkingonthephone;Expressingwantsandneeds;Expressingopinions;
Parcipanginshowandtell;Scrapbooking;Creangaphotocollage;Playinggames
K2
11
Language (L)
Convenonsofwring(2.2) Languageconvenons(2.3)
Englishgrammarandusage(2.1) Wordmeaning(2.4)
Generalizewordsandphrases(2.6) Wordrelaonships(2.5)

Auditorydiscriminaon Objectdiscriminaon Visualdiscriminaon
Emergentliteracyskills Onetoonecorrespondence Wordrecognion
Matching Sightwords
AACsystem Graphicorganizer Sentencestrips
Adaptedkeyboard Picture/talkingdiconary Texttospeechsoware
Adaptedpencils/grips Pictures/picturesymbols Wordprediconsoware
Reallifeapplicaon:Talkingonthephone;Takingandrelayingmessages;Parcipanginclassroomconversaonsor
discussions;Parcipanginshowandtell
K2
12
13
ELA
35
14
Compareandcontraststories(5.9) Readingcomprehension(5.10)
Compareandcontraststoryelements(5.3) Textstructure(5.5)
Connectvisualelementstotext(5.7) Usetexttosupportfactualandinferenalresponses(5.1)
Determinethemainideaandsummarizetext(5.2) Wordmeaningincludingguravelanguage(5.4)
Pointofviewandpurpose(5.6)
Aconsandconsequences First/last Recall
Emergentliteracyskills Matching Sequencing
Emoonsandfeelings Objectdiscriminaon Sightwords
Visualdiscriminaon
AACsystem Graphicorganizer Objects
Adaptedtext Highlighng Pictures/picturesymbols
Audiobook Lightbox Taclerepresentaon
Texttospeechsoware
Reallifeapplicaon:Readingforpleasure;Journaling;Creangandperformingshows(puppets,plays);Parcipangin
abookclub/storyhour;Ulizinglibraryresources;Watchingmoviesrelatedtoclassroomliterature
35
15
Comparemulpleaccountsofthesameevent(5.6) Readingcomprehension(5.10)
Connectsupporngdetailstopointsinatext(5.8) Textstructure(5.5)
Determinemainideaandsummarize(5.2) Understandrelaonshipsbetweenindividuals,events,orconcepts(5.3)
Gatherinformaononthesametopic(5.9) Usetexttosupportfactualandinferenalresponses(5.1)
Locateanswerstoquesonsabouttext(5.7) Wordmeaning(5.4)
Auditorydiscriminaon First/last Objectdiscriminaon
Before/aer/next Followingdirecons Recall
Sightwords
Visualdiscriminaon
AACsystem Highlighng Pictures/picturesymbols
Adaptedtext Lightbox Sentencestrips
Graphicorganizer Objects Taclerepresentaon
Texttospeechsoware
Reallifeapplicaon:Readingforinformaon(TV/movieschedule,menu,yers/posters/bullenboards);Usinga
calendar;Followingstepsinaprocess(recipe,schedule,games);Readingsigns(safety,community,direconal);Usinga
map;Navigangtheinternet
35
16
Reading Standards: Foundaonal Skills (RF)
Readuently(5.4) Usephonicstodecodewords(5.3)

Auditorydiscriminaon Leerrecognion Visualdiscriminaon
Direconality Paerns
Emergentliteracyskills Sightwords
AACsystem Graphicorganizer Pictures/picturesymbols
Adaptedtext Objects Taclerepresentaon

Reallifeapplicaon:Readingforpleasureorinformaon;Followingthestepsinaprocess(recipe,schedule,personal
management);Readingamenu(cafeteria,restaurant);Readingsigns(safety,community,direconal)
35
17
Wring Standards (W)
Conductresearch(5.7) Writeinformavepieces(5.2)
Producewringpieces(5.4) Writenarravepieces(5.3)
Recallandgatherinformaon(5.8) Writeopinionpieces(5.1)
Reviseandedit(5.5) Writerounely(5.10)
Usetechnologytoproduceandpublishwring(5.6)
Emergentliteracyskills Followingdirecons Visualdiscriminaon
Factvs.opinion Sightwords Vocabularywords
Wordrecognion
Adaptedkeyboard Objects Scribe
Adaptedpencils/grips Picture/talkingdiconary Sentencestrips
Slantboard
Speechtotextsoware
Wordprediconsoware
Reallifeapplicaon:Emailing;Journaling;Scrapbooking;Wringcards,leers,invitaons;Recordingpersonal
informaon;Usingagendabook,schedule;Composingnotes,messages,lists;Usingpersonalsignature(wrien,name
stamp)forvariouspurposes(homework,signingupforevents);Navigangtheinternetusingsearchwords/phrases
35
18
Addmulmediatopresentaons(5.5) Summarizekeyideasfromapresentaon(5.2)
Parcipateincollaboraveconversaons(5.1) Usedetailsfromapresentaontosupportthespeakersclaim(5.3)
Reportonatopic(5.4) Usespeechappropriatetoagiventask(5.6)

Aendingtospeaker Followingdirecons Sequencing
Auditorydiscriminaon Objectdiscriminaon Tone/volume
Emergentliteracyskills Recall Turntaking
AACsystem Pictures/picturesymbols Texttospeechsoware
Adaptedkeyboard Speechtotextsoware
Objects Taclerepresentaon
Reallifeapplicaon:Conversingwithfriendsorothersforpleasureoraspecicpurpose;Talkingonthephone;Taking
andrelayingmessages;Creangpowerpoints/reports;Usingdigitalmedia;Playinggames;Makingarequest;Askingfor
help/informaon(community,socialsituaon)
35
19
Language (L)

Auditorydiscriminaon Objectdiscriminaon Sorng
Emergentliteracyskills Punctuaon(idenfying) Turntaking
Leercase Sightwords Visualdiscriminaon
Vocabularywords
AACsystem Adaptedpencils/grips Objects
Adaptedkeyboard Adaptedtext Picture/picturesymbols
Adaptedpaper Graphicorganizer Scribe
Sentencestrips
Slantboard
Wordprediconsoware
Reallifeapplicaon:Emailing;Talkingonthephone;Takingandrelayingmessages;Recordinginformaoninagenda;
Managingdailyschedule;Creangandrespondingtoinvitaons;Askingandansweringquesons
35
20
21
ELA
68
22
Comparealm/liveproducontotext(8.7) Textstructure(8.5)
Comparemodernworkstotradionalstories(8.9) Understandhowdialogueorincidentsaectthestory(8.3)
Determinethethemeandsummarizetext(8.2) Usetexttosupportfactualandinferenalresponses(8.1)
Pointofviewandpurpose(8.6) Wordmeaningandwordchoice(8.4)
ReadingComprehension(8.10)
Aconsandconsequences First/last Recall
Emoonsandfeelings Objectdiscriminaon Sightwords
Visualdiscriminaon
Audiobook Lightbox Taclerepresentaon
Texttospeechsoware
Reallifeapplicaon:Readingforpleasure;Journaling;Wringaleerforpurpose;Watchingamovieorplayrelated
toclassroomliterature;Parcipanginaschoolproducon;Creangabookreport
68
23
Analyzeconneconsbetweenindividuals,ideas,orevents(8.3) Evaluateusesofmedia(8.7)
Citetexttosupportfactualandinferenalresponses(8.1) Idenfyauthorspointofview(8.6)
Comparefactandopinionintwodierenttexts(8.9) Paragraphstructure(8.5)
Connectdetailstothemainidea(8.2) Readingcomprehension(8.10)
Disnguishbetweenrelevantandirrelevantinformaon(8.8) Wordmeaning(8.4)
Adjecves Emergentliteracyskills Recall
Auditorydiscriminaon Objectdiscriminaon Sorng
Visualdiscriminaon
Vocabularywords
Audiobook Lightbox Sentencestrips
Taclerepresentaon
Texttospeechsoware
Reallifeapplicaon:Readingforinformaon(instrucons,manuals,newspaper,yers/posters/bullenboards);
Readingamenu(cafeteria,restaurant);Idenfyingitemsonlabelsinastore;Readingsigns(safety,community,
direconal);Readingamap;Usingaschedule(school,bus,movie)
68
24
Wring Standards (W)
Conductresearch(8.7) Writeinformavepieces(8.2)
Gatherinformaon(8.8) Writenarravepieces(8.3)
Producewringpieces(8.4) Writepersuasivepieces(8.1)
Reviseandedit(8.5) Writerounely(8.10)
Usetechnologytoproduceandpublishwring(8.6)
Choicemaking Punctuaon Visualdiscriminaon
Emergentliteracyskills Recall Vocabularywords
Wordrecognion
AACsystem Adaptedpencils/grips Objects
Adaptedkeyboard Coloredoverlays Pictures/picturesymbols
Adaptedpaper Graphicorganizer Scribe
Slantboard
Speechtotextsoware
Wordprediconsoware
Reallifeapplicaon:Emailing;Texng;Journaling;Creanglists(groceries,chores);Wringeventsorreminderson
personalcalendar;Composingnotesandmessages;Wringcards,leers,invitaons;Wringforpleasure(stories,
plays);Wringabookreport;Complengpersonalinformaonforms
68
25
Addmulmediatopresentaons(8.5) Reportonatopic(8.4)
Analyzethepurposeofdiversemedia(8.2) Understandandevaluateaspeakersargument/claim(8.3)
Parcipateincollaboraveconversaons(8.1) Usespeechappropriatetoagiventask(8.6)

Adjecves Emergentliteracyskills Sequencing
Aendingtospeaker Followingdirecons Tone/volume
Choicemaking Recall Turntaking
AACsystem Pictures/picturesymbols Texttospeechsoware
Adaptedkeyboard Speechtotextsoware
Objects Taclerepresentaon
Reallifeapplicaon:Conversingwithfriendsorothersforpleasureoraspecicpurpose;Usingdigitalmedia;Playing
games;Presenngpowerpoints/reports;Talkingonthephone;Takingandrelayingmessages;Expressingpersonal
informaonandbasicneeds(emergencysituaon,socialsituaon)
68
26
Language (L)

Auditorydiscriminaon Leercase Sightwords
Choicemaking Objectdiscriminaon Turntaking
Emergentliteracyskills Punctuaon Visualdiscriminaon
Vocabularywords
AACsystem Adaptedpencils/grips Pictures/picturesymbols
Adaptedkeyboard Adaptedtext Scribe
Adaptedpaper Graphicorganizer Sentencestrips
Slantboard
Speechtotextsoware
Wordprediconsoware
Reallifeapplicaon:Emailing;Texng;Talkingonthephone;Takingandrelayingmessages;Recordinginformaonin
agenda,schedule;Creangandrespondingtoinvitaons;Usingpersonalinformaontocompleteformsorapplicaons
68
27
Reading Standards for Literacy in History/Social Studies (RH)
Citefromhistoricaltextstosupportananalysis(8.1) Locatetheauthorspointofview(8.6)
Determinethemainideaandsummarizeprimaryorsecondary
sources(8.2)
Readingcomprehension(8.10)
Relatevisualinformaontotext(8.7)
Idenfyfactoropinion(8.8)
Idenfystepsinprocessesrelatedtohistory/socialstudies(8.3)
Idenfytextstructure(8.5) Wordmeaning(8.4)
Understandtherelaonshipbetweenprimaryandsecondary
sources(8.9)
Aconsandconsequences Emoonsandfeelings Recall
Auditorydiscriminaon Matching Similaries/dierences
Emergentliteracyskills Objectdiscriminaon Sequencing
Visualdiscriminaon
AACsystem Eyegazeboard Lightbox Sentencestrips
Adaptedtext Graphicorganizer Objects Taclerepresentaon
Audiobook Highlighng Pictures/picturesymbols Texttospeechsoware
Reallifeapplicaon:Readingthenewspaper;Parcipanginculturalevents;Watchingthenews;Reporngon
currentevents;Tellingaboutyourself(personalhistory);Parcipanginaschoolcluborcommunityorganizaon;
Usingmaps/directories
68
28
Reading Standards for Literacy in Science and Technical Subjects (RST)
Analyzetextstructure(8.5) Followprocedures(8.3)
Analyzetheauthorspurposeinscienc/technicalmaterials(8.6) Idenfyfactoropinion(8.8)
Citetextfromscienceandtechnicaltextstosupportananalysis(8.1) Readingcomprehension(8.10)
Compareandcontrastsciencdatawithtext(8.9)
Determinecentralideaandsummarize(8.2)
Determinemeaningofkeytermsinscienc/technicalmaterials(8.4)
Relatequantave/technicalinformaonwithvisualin
formaon(8.7)
Aconsandconsequences Followingdirecons Sequencing
Emergentliteracyskills Recall Sorng
Visualdiscriminaon
AACsystem Audiobook Objects
Adaptedsciencmaterials Graphicorganizer Pictures/picturesymbols
Adaptedtext Highlighng Taclerepresentaon
Texttospeechsoware
Reallifeapplicaon:Followingsafetyprocedures;Followingarecipe/cooking;Makingdecisionsaboutpersonal
hygieneandhealth;Readingmedicalinformaon(medicaondirecons,thermometerreading);Readingdirecons;
Recycling;Searchingtheinternetforinformaon
68
29
Wring Standards for Literacy in History/SS, Science and Technical Subjects (WHST)
Conductresearch(8.7) Usetechnologytoproduceandpublishwring(8.6)
Drawevidencefromtext(8.9) Writeinformavepieces(8.2)
Gatherinformaon(8.8) Writepersuasivepieces(8.1)
Producewringpieces(8.4) Writerounely(8.10)
Reviseandedit(8.5)
Choicemaking Objectdiscriminaon Sightwords
Followingdirecons Recall Vocabularywords
Wordrecognion
Adaptedpencils/grips Highlighng Sentencestrips
Slantboard
Speechtotextsoware
Wordprediconsoware
Reallifeapplicaon:Journaling;Parcipanginaschoolcluborcommunityorganizaon;Readingthenewspaper;
Creangpowerpoints/reports;Goingtothelibrary;Usingdigitalmedia;Presenngpersonalhistory(personcentered
planningtools,studentsuccessplan,IEP)
68
30
31
ELA
HS
32
Authorsuseofsourcematerial(HS.9) Readingcomprehension(HS.10)
Characterdevelopment(HS.3) Textstructureandtone(HS.5)
Determinethethemeandsummarizetext(HS.2) Usetexttosupportfactualandinferenalresponses(HS.1)
Howdierentmediumsrelate(HS.7) Wordmeaningandwordchoice(HS.4)
Pointofviewfromworldliterature(HS.6)
Aconsandconsequences Emoonsandfeelings Objectdiscriminaon
Adjecves First/last Recall
Visualdiscriminaon
Audiobook Lightbox Texttospeechsoware
Reallifeapplicaon:Readingforpleasure;Journaling;Wringaleerforpurpose(leerofinterest,thankyouleer);
Watchingamovieorplayrelatedtoclassroomliterature;Parcipanginaclassroomorschoolproducon(skits,
plays);Creangabookreport;Readingpoetryorsonglyrics
HS
33
Analyzehistorical/literarydocumentsandidenfythemes(HS.9) Connectdetailstomainidea(HS.2)
Analyzeorderofeventsandconneconsbetweenindividuals,
ideas,orevents(HS.3)
Analyzetheauthorspointofview(HS.6) Idenfysupporngevidencefortheauthorsidea/claim(HS.5)
Citetexttosupportfactualandinferenalresponses(HS.1) Readingcomprehension(HS.10)
Compareandcontrastdetailsemphasizedindierentmediums
(HS.7)
Wordmeaning(HS.4)
Disnguishbetweenrelevantandirrelevantinformaoninan
argument/claim(HS.8)
Adjecves First/last Sequencing
Auditorydiscriminaon Objectdiscriminaon Visualdiscriminaon
Emergentliteracyskills Recall Vocabularywords
Wordrecognion
Audiobook Lightbox Sentencestrips
Taclerepresentaon
Texttospeechsoware
Reallifeapplicaon:Readingforinformaon(maps/directories,instrucons,manuals,newspapers);Shoppingfroma
list;Readingtheclassieds;Managingadailyschedule(personal,school,work);Readingamenu;Idenfyingitems/labels
inastore(personal,job);Readingandfollowingsafetysigns/procedures;Followingarecipe
HS
34
Wring Standards (W)
Conductresearch(HS.7) Writeinformavepieces(HS.2)
Gatherinformaon(HS.8) Writenarravepieces(HS.3)
Producewringpieces(HS.4) Writepersuasivepieces(HS.1)
Reviseandedit(HS.5) Writerounely(HS.10)
Usetechnologytoproduceandpublishwring(HS.6)
Choicemaking Punctuaon Sightwords
Emergentliteracyskills Recall Visualdiscriminaon
Followingdirecons Sequencing Vocabularywords
Wordrecognion
Slantboard
Speechtotextsoware
Wordprediconsoware
Reallifeapplicaon:Creangaresume;Complengajobapplicaon,forms;Emailing;Texng;Usingsignature(wrien,
namestamp)forvariouspurposes(openabankaccount,signIEP);Writeashoppinglist;Providingpersonalinformaon
forvariouspurposes;Journaling;Wringaleerforaspecicpurpose;Wringentriesonpersonalcalendar;Blogging;
Usingsocialmedia
HS
35
Addmulmediatopresentaons(HS.5) Parcipateincollaboraveconversaons(HS.1)
Evaluateaspeakerspointofview(HS.3) Reportonatopic(HS.4)
Evaluatethecredibilityandaccuracyofdiversemedia(HS.2) Usespeechappropriatetoagiventask(HS.6)

Adjecves Emergentliteracyskills Sequencing
Aendingtospeaker Followingdirecons Tone/volume
Choicemaking Recall Turntaking
AACsystem Objects Speechtotextsoware
Adaptedkeyboard Pictures/picturesymbols Taclerepresentaon
Texttospeechsoware
Reallifeapplicaon:Conversingwithfriends,classmates,andcoworkers;Usingdigitalmedia;Presenng
powerpoints/reports(studentledIEP);Parcipanginadebate;Talkingonthephone;Takingandrelayingmessages;
Parcipanginaclassorschoolproducon;Placinganorder(food,shopping);Askingfordirecons/assistance(school,
job,community);Skyping;Reporngemergenciesorsafetyissues(job,community);Interviewingforajob;Scheduling
anappointment
HS
36
Language (L)
Convenonsofwring(HS.2) Languageconvenons(HS.3)
Englishgrammarandusage(HS.1) Wordmeaning(HS.4)
Generalizewordsandphrases(HS.6) Wordrelaonships(HS.5)

Auditorydiscriminaon Leercase Sightwords
Choicemaking Objectdiscriminaon Visualdiscriminaon
Emergentliteracyskills Punctuaon Vocabularywords
Wordrecognion
AACsystem Adaptedpencils/grips Scribe
Adaptedkeyboard Graphicorganizer Sentencestrips
Adaptedpaper Pictures/picturesymbols Slantboard
Speechtotextsoware
Texttospeechsoware
Wordprediconsoware
Reallifeapplicaon:Emailing;Texng;Blogging;Usingsocialmedia;Wringevents/reminders(job,school,social)on
apersonalcalendar;Complengjobapplicaons,personalinformaonforms;Interviewingforajob
HS
37
Reading Standards for Literacy in History/Social Studies (RH)
Analyzeeventsrelatedtohistory/socialstudies(HS.3) Connecttheideasfromatexttotheauthorsclaim(HS.8)
Applyquantavedatatotheappropriatequalitaveanalysis(HS.7)
Citehistoricaltextstosupportananalysis(HS.1)
Compareandcontrastdierentauthorspointsofview(HS.6) Readingcomprehension(HS.10)
Compareandcontrastperspecvesonthesametopic(primary/
secondarysources)(HS.9)
Textstructure(HS.5)
Wordmeaning(HS.4)
Determinemainideaandsummarizeprimaryorsecondary
sources(HS.2)
Aconsandconsequences Emoonsandfeelings Recall
Auditorydiscriminaon Matching Sequencing
Emergentliteracyskills Objectdiscriminaon Similaries/dierences
Visualdiscriminaon
AACsystem Eyegazeboard Lightbox
Adaptedtext Graphicorganizer Objects
Audiobook Highlighng Pictures/picturesymbols
Sentencestrips
Taclerepresentaon
Texttospeechsoware
Reallifeapplicaon:Readingthenewspaper;Parcipanginculturalorregionalevents;Watchingthenews;
Reporngoncurrentevents;Tellingaboutyourself(personalhistory);Parcipanginaschoolcluborcommunity
organizaon;Researchingdesiredjobs;Visingamuseum;Parcipanginjobshadowing
HS
38
Reading Standards for Literacy in Science and Technical Subjects (RST)
Analyzestructureofrelaonshipswithintext(HS.5)
Analyzetheauthorspurposeinscienc/technicalmaterial(HS.6)
Citescience/technicaltextstosupportananalysis(HS.1) Evaluatevalidityoftheauthorsreasoning(HS.8)
Compareandcontrastsciencdatawithtext(HS.9) Followprocedures(HS.3)
Determinecentralideaandsummarize(HS.2) Readingcomprehension(HS.10)
Translatetextintovisualsandvisualsintotext(HS.7)
Determinemeaningofkeytermsinscienc/technical
material(HS.4)
Aconsandconsequences Followingdirecons Sequencing
Emergentliteracyskills Recall Sorng
Visualdiscriminaon
AACsystem Audiobook Objects
Adaptedsciencmaterials Graphicorganizer Pictures/picturesymbols
Adaptedtext Highlighng Taclerepresentaon
Texttospeechsoware
Reallifeapplicaon:Followingsafetyprocedures(school,job,products);Cooking;Makingdecisionsaboutpersonal
hygieneandhealth;Recycling;Comparaveshopping(products,materials,pricing);Gardening;Readingmanuals/
instrucons(appliances,electronics,jobs);Readingmedicalinformaon(medicaondirecons,thermometerreading)
HS
39
Wring Standards for Literacy in History/SS, Science and Technical Subjects (WHST)
Conductresearch(HS.7) Usetechnologytoproduceandpublishwring(HS.6)
Drawevidencefromtext(HS.9) Writeinformavepieces(HS.2)
Gatherinformaon(HS.8) Writepersuasivepieces(HS.1)
Producewringpieces(HS.4) Writerounely(HS.10)
Reviseandedit(HS.5)
Choicemaking Objectdiscriminaon Sightwords
Followingdirecons Recall Vocabularywords
Wordrecognion
Slantboard
Speechtotextsoware
Wordprediconsoware
Reallifeapplicaon:Journaling;Parcipanginaschoolcluborcommunityorganizaon;Usingdigitalmedia;Using
socialmedia;Blogging;Readingthenewspaper;Creangapowerpoint/report;Goingtothelibrary;Documenngjob
producvity/complengamesheet;Planninganevent(wringinvitaons,lists);Wringaresume
HS
40
41
Math
K2
42
Counng and Cardinality (CC)
Coveredinthisdomain:(Essenalstandardsbolded) GBEpages9/10
Comparegroupsofobjects(K.6) Countupfromagivennumber(K.2)
Comparewriennumerals(K.7) Onetoonecorrespondenceandconceptofonemore(K.4)
Counng(K.1) Representobjectswithwriennumerals(K.3)
Counttoanswerhowmany?(K.5)

Auditorydiscriminaon Larger/smaller Sorng
Emergentmathskills Objectdiscriminaon Visualdiscriminaon
Followingdirecons Objectmanipulaon Visualscanning
Adaptednumberline Mathmanipulaves Taclerepresentaon

Reallifeapplicaon:Idenfyingpersonalinformaon(age,address,phonenumber);Usinglunchpinnumbers;
Expressingwantsandneeds(more,less);Playinggames;Parcipanginmorningroune(calendar,weather);Logging
ontoacomputer
K2
43
Operaons and Algebraic Thinking (OA)
Coveredinthisdomain:(Essenalstandardsbolded) GBEpage11
Addandsubtract(2.2) Pairobjectstodetermineoddoreven(2.3)
Findthetotalnumberofobjectsusingrepeatedaddion(2.4) Solveproblemsinvolvingaddionandsubtracon(2.1)

Emergentmathskills More/less Sorng
Followingdirecons Objectmanipulaon Visualdiscriminaon
Matching Onetoonecorrespondence
AACsystem Graphicorganizer Taclerepresentaon
Adaptedcalculator Mathmanipulaves
Adaptednumberline Pictures/picturesymbols
Reallifeapplicaon:Idenfyingpersonalinformaon(age,address,phonenumber);Expressingwantsandneeds
(more,less);Playinggames;Playingwithpuzzles;Followingachorechart;Counngforaspecicpurpose
K2
44
Number and Operaons in Base Ten (NBT)
Addandsubtract(2.5) Mentallyaddorsubtract10or100to/fromagivennumber(2.8)
Addionandsubtraconstrategies(2.9) Numberrepresentaons(2.3)
Addtwodigitnumbers(2.6) Placevalue(2.1)
Comparenumbervalues(2.4) Skipcounng(2.2)
Lineupdigitsaccordingtoplacevaluetoaddorsubtract(2.7)
Emergentmathskills Matching Objectmanipulaon
Followingdirecons More/less Onetoonecorrespondence
Grouping Objectdiscriminaon Sequencing
Adaptedcalculator Mathmanipulaves
Adaptednumberline Pictures/picturesymbols
Reallifeapplicaon:Expressingwantsandneeds(more,less);Playinggames;Followingachorechart;Counngfora
specicpurpose;Counngcoinvalues;Makingasimplepurchase;Playingstore
K2
45
Measurement and Data (MD)
Comparedierentunitsofmeasure(2.2)
Comparelengthofobjects(2.4)
Esmatelength(2.3) Solveforanunknownlengthinawordproblem(2.5)
Gatherandrepresentmeasurementdatausingalineplot(2.9) Solvewordproblemsinvolvingmoney(2.8)
Measurelengthwithanappropriatetool(2.1) Tellme(2.7)
Representdataonagraph(2.10)
Representwholenumbersonanumberlineandusetoaddor
subtract(2.6)
Emergentmathskills Mathemacalsymbols(idenfying) Paerns
Followingdirecons Objectdiscriminaon Sequencing
Matching Orderobjectsbysize Skipcounng
Visualdiscriminaon
AACsystem Adaptedgraphpaper Mathmanipulaves
Adaptedcalculator Adaptedmeasuringtools Pictures/picturesymbols
Adaptedclock Graphicorganizer Taclerepresentaon
Reallifeapplicaon:Tellingme;Usingacalendar;Counngcoinvalues;Makingasimplepurchase;Followinga
scheduleorguide;Followingsportsscores;Playinggames;Managingallowance;Cooking;Trackingpersonal
informaon(age,weight,height)
K2
46
Geometry (G)
Arectanglecanbeparonedintosamesizesquares(2.2) Idenfyshapes(2.1)
Awholecanbeparonedintosetsofequalparts(2.3)

Emergentmathskills More/less Paerns
Followingdirecons Objectdiscriminaon Visualdiscriminaon
Matching Objectmanipulaon
AACsystem Jig Taclerepresentaon
Adaptednumberline Mathmanipulaves
Graphicorganizer Pictures/picturesymbols
Reallifeapplicaon:Sharing(snacks);Playingwithpuzzles;Creangartsandcras;Playingwithconstrucontoys
(Legos,TinkerToys,LincolnLogs)
K2
47
Math
35
48
Operaons and Algebraic Thinking (OA)
Generatepaerns(5.3) Usegroupingsymbolstoevaluateexpressions(5.1)
Interpretnumericalexpressionsusinggroupingsymbols(5.2)

Counngupfromagivennumber Mathemacalsymbols(idenfying) Visualdiscriminaon
Emergentmathskills Objectmanipulaon
Followingdirecons Onetoonecorrespondence
Adaptedcalculator Graphicorganizer Taclerepresentaon
Reallifeapplicaon:Playinggamesandpuzzles;Shoppingformulpleitems;Creangartsandcras;Parcipangin
minisociety(BizTown);Managingmoney(savings,allowance);Followingasetschedule
35
49
Number and Operaons in Base Ten (NBT)
Decimaloperaons(5.7) Mulplywholenumbers(5.5)
Decimalplacevalue(5.3) Placevalue(5.1)
Dividewholenumbers(5.6) Roundingdecimals(5.4)

Addion Grouping Onetoonecorrespondence
Emergentmathskills Mathemacalsymbols(idenfying) Subtracon
Followingdirecons Objectmanipulaon
Reallifeapplicaon:Playinggames;Managingmoney(savings,allowance);Shopping(pricing,sales);Sharingfood,
toys;Usingacalculator;Playingstore;Creangartsandcras
35
50
Number and OperaonsFracons (NF)
Addandsubtractfracons(5.1) Mulplicaonwordproblemsinvolvingfracons(5.6)
Dividewholenumbersbyfracons(5.7) Mulplyfracons(5.4)
Fraconsrepresentdivisionproblems(5.3)
Fraconwordproblems(5.2)

Mulplyingbyawholenumberproducesabiggerproduct;mulply
ingbyafraconproducesasmallerproduct(5.5)
Addion Objectdiscriminaon Top/boom
Larger/smaller Operaonalrelaonships Visualdiscriminaon
More/less Subtracon
Reallifeapplicaon:Cookingandbaking;Sharingmeals,snacks(pizza,candy);Playinggames;Playingcards;Shopping;
Construcngpuzzles;Parcipanginclassacvies(tallies,vong,surveys);Creangartsandcras
35
51
Measurement and Data (MD)
Equivalentmeasurement(5.1) Relatevolumetoaddionandmulplicaon(5.5)
Organizeandrepresentdata(5.2) Solverealwordproblemsinvolvingmeandmoney(4.2)
Measurevolume(5.4) Tellme(3.1)
Properesofvolume(5.3)

Choicemaking Emergentmathskills Objectdiscriminaon
Coinidencaon Full/empty Onetoonecorrespondence
Coinvalue Matching Rounding
Sequencing
Visualdiscriminaon
Reallifeapplicaon:Cookingandbaking;Creangandfollowingaschedule;Creangchartsorlists(tallies,votes,
surveys);Shopping(esmang,rounding);Playinggamesandkeepingscore;Trackingpersonalinformaon(height,
weight);Parcipanginhealthandtnessacvies
35
AACsystem Adaptedmeasuringtools Graphicorganizer
Adaptedcalculator Adaptednumberline Mathmanipulaves
Adaptedclock Adaptedpencils/grips Pictures/picturesymbols
Taclerepresentaon
52
Geometry (G)
Categoriesofshapeshavesimilaraributes(5.3) Plotcoordinatesonagraph(5.1and5.2)
Classifyshapes(5.4)

Emergentmathskills Objectdiscriminaon Spaaldiscriminaon
Followingdirecons Objectmanipulaon Visualdiscriminaon
Numbervalue Onetoonecorrespondence
Adaptedgraphpaper Graphicorganizer Taclerepresentaon
Reallifeapplicaon:Recycling;Followingascheduleorchart;Usingadirectoryormap;Playinggamesandkeeping
score;Recognizingsafetysigns;Doingawordsearch,crosswordpuzzle;Creangartsandcras/collages;Organizing
playareas
35
53
Math
68
54
Raos and Proporonal Relaonships (RP)
Createandsolveraos(7.1) Useraostosolverealworldproblems(7.3)
Representproporonalrelaonships(7.2)

Emergentmathskills Numbervalue Visualdiscriminaon
Greaterthan/lessthan Sequencing
Reallifeapplicaon:Buildingmodels;Cookingandbaking;Shopping(sales,tax,changedue);Servingfood(birthday
cake,snack);Parcipanginhealth,tness,andnutrionalacvies;Creangchartsorlists(tallies,votes,surveys);
Analyzingsportsscores/stascs
68
55
The Number System (NS)
Esmatethevaluesofnumbers(8.2) Idenfyraonalandirraonalnumbers(8.1)

Emergentmathskills Paerns Sequencing
Greaterthan/lessthan Placevalue Visualdiscriminaon
Numbervalue Rounding
Adaptedgraphpaper Graphicorganizer Slantboard
Adaptednumberline Mathmanipulaves Taclerepresentaon
Reallifeapplicaon:Recordingandtrackingdailyweather;Racingremotecontrolcars;Buildingscalemodels;
Cooking;Usingamap;Determiningamountneededforapurchase;Planningforapartyorevent
68
56
Expressions and Equaons (EE)
Deneslopeandyintercept(8.6) Sciencnotaon(8.4)
Evaluatesquarerootandcuberootofperfectsquaresandcubes(8.2) Solvelinearequaons(8.7)
Graphandcompareslope(8.5) Solvepairsoflinearequaons(8.8)
Knowhowtoevaluatenumericalexpressionsthatcontainexponents
(8.1)
Understandthepowersof10(8.3)
AACsystem Adaptednumberline Mathmanipulaves
Adaptedcalculator Adaptedpencils/grips Pictures/picturesymbols
Reallifeapplicaon:Usingmaps,directories;Usingguides,schedules;Usingabusschedule;Doingawordsearch,
crosswordpuzzle;Trackinghealth,tness,andnutrionalacvies;Comparaveshopping;Determiningamount
neededforapurchase;Gardeningandlandscaping
68
Direconality Mathemacalsymbols Spaaldiscriminaon
Emergentmathskills Onetoonecorrespondence Visualdiscriminaon
Greaterthan/lessthan Repeatedaddion
57
Funcons (F)
Compare/contrasttwodierentinput/outputrelaonships(8.2) Equaonsoflinearandnonlinearfuncons(8.3)
Constructalineargraphasdescribedverbally(8.5) Specicinputwillyieldspecicoutput(8.1)
Constructalineargraphusingatableorequaon(8.4)

Emergentliteracyskills Paerns Spaaldiscriminaon
Followingdirecons Sequencing Visualdiscriminaon
Matching Similaries/dierences
Adaptedgraphpaper Mathmanipulaves
Adaptedpencils/grips Pictures/Picturesymbols
Reallifeapplicaon:Usingmaps;DevelopingorusingchartsorExcelspreadsheets;Playinggames;Comparave
shopping(unitpricing);Managingmoney/budgeng;Workingintheschoolstore;Parcipanginafundraiser
68
58
Geometry (G)
PythagoreanTheorem(8.7)
PythagoreanTheorem(8.8)
Describethemanipulaonorresizingofgeometricgures(8.3) PythagoreanTheoremisaformulathatonlyappliesto
Properesofangles(8.5) righttriangles(8.6)
Properesofshapesstaythesameregardlessoforientaon(8.2) Volumeofcones,cylinders,andspheres(8.9)
Properesofshapesstaythesameregardlessoforientaonorsize(8.4)
Demonstraterotaons(turns),reecons(ips),andtranslaons
(slides)(8.1)
Direconality Objectdiscriminaon Similaries/dierences
Emergentmathskills Objectmanipulaon Spaaldiscriminaon
Matching Onetoonecorrespondence Visualdiscriminaon
Adaptedgraphpaper Jig Taclerepresentaon
Adaptedpencils/grips Mathmanipulaves
Reallifeapplicaon:Usingguides,schedules(school,bus,movies),directories;Creangamodel;Cooking;Creanganart
project;Comparisonshopping(size);Recycling;Packingyourlunch;Packingforatrip;Wrappingagi;Assemblingboxes;
Gardeningandlandscaping
68
59
Stascs and Probability (SP)
Describepaernsonagraphusingalineofbestt(8.2)
Describepaernsonagraphusingslopeandintercept(8.3)
Describepaernsonagraph(8.1)

Constructatwowaytableandinterpretassociaonbetween
thetwovariables(8.4)
Direconality Matching Visualdiscriminaon
Emergentmathskills Paerns
Greaterthan/lessthan Similaries/dierences
Reallifeapplicaon:Creangcomparisonchartsforapurpose;Graphingmeorweathercondions;Playinggames
(dice),bingo,cards;Analyzingsportsscores;Parcipanginasciencelab/experiment;Parcipanginanelecon
68
60
61
Math
HS
62
AlgebraSeeing Structure in Expressions (SSE)
Interpretexpressions(HS.1) Writeequivalentexpressions(HS.2)
Usefactoringtocreateequivalentexpressions(HS.3)

Emergentmathskills Objectmanipulaon Visualdiscriminaon
Grouping Onetoonecorrespondence
Mathemacalsymbols Sorng
Reallifeapplicaon:Followingascheduleorjobchart;Stockingsupplies;Takinginventory;Followingarecipe,
manipulangarecipe(doubling,halving);Construcngsimpleobjects(birdhouse,gardenbox,stool);Complenga
homeimprovementproject(painng,hangingcurtains);Planningapurchase(budgeng)
HS
63
AlgebraCreang Equaons (CED)
Createequaonsandgraphonacoordinateaxis(HS.2) Rearrangeanequaontohighlightaspecicvariable(HS.4)
Createequaonstosolveproblemswithonevariable(HS.1)

Emergentmathskills Mathemacalsymbols Visualdiscriminaon
Matching Sequencing
AACsystem Adaptednumberline Mathmanipulaves
Adaptedcalculator Adaptedpencils/grips Pictures/picturesymbols
Reallifeapplicaon:Performingdataentry;Creangandusingaspreadsheet;Comparaveshopping(saleprices,
salestax);Calculangap;Managingmoney(paycheck,savings);Takinginventory;Trackingdailyfoodintake(counng
calories)
HS
64
AlgebraReasoning with Equaons and Inequalies (REI)
Extraneoussoluonsmayarisewhensolvingsimpleequaons
(HS.2)
Solvelinearequaonswithcoecientsrepresentedby
leers(HS.3)
Solveasystemoflinearequaonswithgraphs(HS.6)
Jusfyasoluonmethod(HS.1)
Graphandsolveasystemwithalinearrelaonshipandaquadrac
relaonship(HS.7)
Addion Followingdirecons Mathemacalsymbols
Direconality Grouping Onetoonecorrespondence
Emergentmathskills Matching Sequencing
Subtracon
Visualdiscriminaon
Reallifeapplicaon:Takinginventory;Esmanganamountneededforapurchase;Usingamap;Trackinghealth,
tness,andnutrionalacvies;Drivingsafety;Esmangdistancesandtravelmes;UsingaGPS;Purchasinginbulk
(catering,eventplanning);Budgeng(pares,vacaons,everydayexpenses)
HS
65
GeometryCongruence (CO)
Demonstraterotaons(turns),reecons(ips),andtranslaons(slides)(HS.5)

Objectdiscriminaon Spaaldiscriminaon
Reallifeapplicaon:Creanganartproject;Recycling;Woodworkingandcarpentry;Buildingmodels;Gardening;
Creangadiagram(oorplan,map)
HS
66
GeometrySimilarity, Right Triangles, and Trigonometry (SRT)
Idenfysimilargures(HS.2) PythagoreanTheoremisaformulathatonlyappliestoright
triangles(HS.4)

Matching Sorng
Objectdiscriminaon Spaaldiscriminaon
Adaptedgraphpaper Jig Taclerepresentaon
Reallifeapplicaon:Usingacopymachine;Usingascheduleordirectory;Usingamap;Playinggames;Stocking
shelves;Performingocetasks(folding,mailing);Sengatable;Sorngandwashinglaundry
HS
67
GeometryCircles (C)
Idenfytheproperesofcircles(HS.1)

Matching Similaries/dierences Visualdiscriminaon
Objectdiscriminaon Sorng
Adaptedmeasuringtools Jig Taclerepresentaon
Reallifeapplicaon:Usingananalogclock;Baking(pies,cupcakes,pizza);Parcipanginsports(baseball,basketball);
Recycling;Changingare;Walking/runningonatrack,circuittraining;Sengatable
HS
68
GeometryGeometric Measurement and Dimension (GMD)
Idenfytheshapesofcrossseconsofthreedimensionalobjects(HS.4)

Objectdiscriminaon Sorng Visualdiscriminaon
Reallifeapplicaon:Parcipanginasciencelab(dissecng);Recycling;Collecngenvironmentalinformaon;
Cooking(layeredcakes,fruitsalad,layereddips)
HS
69
GeometryModeling with Geometry (MG)
Idenfygeometricshapesintherealworld(HS.1)

Emergentmathskills Objectdiscriminaon Spaaldiscriminaon
Matching Objectmanipulaon Visualdiscriminaon
Reallifeapplicaon:Usingguides,schedules,directories;Drivingsafety(tracandsafetysigns);Usinghandorpower
tools;Cookingandbaking;Performingocetasks(folding,sorng);Assemblingfurniture;Stockingshelves
HS
70
Stascs and ProbabilityInterpreng Categorical and Quantave Data (ID)
Interpretcategoricaldatainatwowayfrequencytable(HS.5) Representdatawithplots(HS.1)
Interpretdataonascaerplot(HS.6) Usemeasuresofcentertocomparedata(HS.2)
Interprettheslopeandinterceptonagraph(HS.7)

Direconality Mathemacalsymbols Visualdiscriminaon
Emergentmathskills Onetoonecorrespondence
Greaterthan/lessthan Paerns
Reallifeapplicaon:Creangcomparisonchartsforapurpose;Creangandusingschedules(job,school);
Comparaveshopping;Analyzingsportsscores;Trackinghealth,tness,andnutrionalacvies;Playinggames,bingo,
cards;Creangandmanagingabudget
HS
71
Stascs and ProbabilityMaking Inferences and Jusfying Conclusions (IC)
Evaluateifdataisconsistentwithadatagenerangprocess(HS.2)

Emergentmathskills Likely/unlikely
Matching Visualdiscriminaon
AACsystem Adaptedspinner Mathmanipulaves
Adaptedcalculator Coloredoverlays Pictures/picturesymbols
Adaptedpencils/grips Graphicorganizer Taclerepresentaon
Reallifeapplicaon:Playinggameswithspinnersordice;Playingcards;Parcipanginasciencelab;Analyzingsports
scores;Usingtallymarksorclickertocollectdata;Conducnginventory
HS
72
73
Glossary
74
AAC systemanaugmentave/alternatecommunicaontoolthathelpsastudentcommunicate(e.g.,speechgenerangdevices,
voiceampliers,picturecommunicaonsystems,switches,AmericanSignLanguage)
Adapted calculatorcalculatorwithenlargedortaclebuons
Adapted clock clockwithenlargedortaclenumbers
Adapted graph papergraphpaperwithenlarged,visuallycolored,ortaclelines
Adapted keyboardcomputerinterfacethatmakestypingaccessibletoallstudents(e.g.,tacleand/orenlargedkeys,overlays,
AlphaSmart)
Adapted measuring tools measuringinstruments(e.g.,ruler,compass,protractor)withenlarged,visuallycolored,ortaclefeatures
Adapted number line numberlinewith enlarged,visuallycolored,ortaclefeatures
Adapted paperpaperwithenlarged,visuallycolored,ortaclelines
Adapted pencils/grips instrumentsthatmakewringmoreaccessible
Adapted scienc materials objects,tools,orinstrumentsnecessaryinthestudyofscience(e.g.,scale,microscope,thermometer)
withenlarged,visuallycolored,ortaclefeatures
Adapted spinner spinnerthathasbeen madeoperablebyaswitchorhasenlarged,visuallycolored,ortaclefeatures
Adapted text textthathasbeenalteredphysically(e.g.,enlargedtext,textbrokenintosecons)orincomplexity(sllportraysmain
idea)
Audio book recordingoftextbeingread(e.g.,CD,MP3,tapecassee)
Colored overlays transparentplascsheetsofdierentcolorsortexturesputovertexttoimprovereadability
Eye gaze boardmethodofdisplayingthatenablesstudentswithlimitedmobilitytofocustheirgazeonselecteditems
GlossaryAccommodaons
75
Graphic organizer visualrepresentaonofinformaon(e.g.,ideas,thoughts,keyfacts)thatthestudentislearning
Highlighnguseofcolortodrawaenontospecicinformaon
Jigvisual/physicalmodelusedforperformingatask(e.g.,sorngtool)
Light box abacklitframeusedtoilluminateitemstoaidvisualdiscriminaon
Math manipulaves objectsusedtorepresentmathemacalconcepts
Objects tangiblesusedtorepresentwordsorconcepts
Picture symbols picturecardswithorwithoutwords(e.g.,Boardmaker,SymWriter)usedforrecepveand/orexpressivelanguage
Picture/talking diconarydiconarywithvisualorverbalrepresentaonofwordmeanings
Picturesvisualrepresentaonsofwordsorconcepts(e.g.,pictures,photos)
Scribepersondesignatedtowriteastudentsthoughtsorwords
Sentence stripsstripstodisplaywords,phrases,orsentencesthatcanbemanipulated
Slant boardsmooth,angled,worksurfacethatposionsthewristforwringoritemsforreading
Speech to text sowaresowarethatconvertsspeechintoatypewrientextdisplayedthroughwordprocessingsoware
Story board illustraonsorimagesdisplayedonaboardtorepresentastoryorconcept
Tacle representaon useofraisedortexturedmaterials(e.g.,wikisck,puypaint,embossing)toaccessprintandgraphics
Text to speech soware sowarethatconvertstexttoaudio,alsomaybereferredtoasreadaloudsoware
Word predicon soware sowarethatancipatesthecorrectwordaertypingonlyafewcharacters
GlossaryAccommodaons
76
GlossarySkills/concepts
Acons and consequencesrelaonshipbetweenanaconandtheconsequenceithasonaperson,place,orthing
Addion compungsetsofnumbersorobjectstodeterminethesum
Adjecves wordsusedtodescribepeople,places,orthings
Aending to speaker listeningacvelywhenapeerorteacherisspeaking
Auditory discriminaondisnguishingbetweendierentsounds
Before/aer/nextconceptsrelatedtotheorderofevents,acons,orpersons
Choicemaking choosingfromoneormoreopons
Coin idencaonrelaonshipbetweencoinstocoins,coinstopictures,coinstonamelabels(wrienorverbal)
Coin value matchingacointoitscorrespondingvalue(wrienorverbal)
Counng up from a given number connuingthepaernofcounngfromagivennumberbyones
Direconality direconoflinesortheposionofobjectsasup/down(vercal)orle/right(horizontal)
Emergent literacy skills termusedtodescribehowchildrenconstructliteracyconceptuallyfrombirthandconnuingthroughout
life;skillsincludeorallanguage,conceptsaboutprint,environmentalprint,alphabetknowledge,phonics,andvisual/spaal
discriminaonskills
Emergent math skillstermusedtodescribehowchildrenconstructmathconceptuallyfrombirthandconnuingthroughoutlife;
skillsincludenumberidencaon,onetoonecorrespondence,counng,andvisual/spaaldiscriminaonskills
Emoons and feelingspersonalreaconstoaparcularevent(e.g.,sad,happy,hurt)
Fact vs. opinion conceptthataneventorstatementisrealandcanbeprovenasopposedtoapersonsfeelingsorthoughts
First/last conceptofabeginningandanend
77
Following direcons followingspeciconestepormulstepdirecons
Full/empty conceptofacontainerbeinglledtomaximumcapacityorvacant
Greater than/less than idenfyinganamountasmoreorlesswhencomparedtoanotheramount
Grouping arrangingnumericexpressionsormathmanipulavesinsetstodemonstrateanalgebraicequaon
Larger/smaller dierenangbysize
Leer casedisnconbetweenthelargerandsmallerleershapes
Leer recognion idenfyingleersofthealphabet
Likely/unlikelyprobabilityofanoccurrence
Matching connecngaword,object,orpicturetoalikeword,object,orpicture
Mathemacal symbols symbolsusedtoindicateamathemacrelaon(e.g.,(),+,,=,x)
More/lessdierenangbyamount
Number value amountanumberrepresents
Object discriminaon disnguishingbetweenobjects
Object manipulaon handlinganobject
Onetoone correspondence demonstrangtherelaonshipbetweennumberstoobjects,objectstoobjects,wordstoobjects,or
wordstowords
Operaonal relaonships conneconbetweentwooperaons
Order objects by size sequencingobjectsfromsmallesttolargestorviceversa
Paernsaregularorrepeveform,order,orarrangement
78
Place valuethevalueofadigitasdeterminedbyitsposioninanumber(e.g.,tens,hundreds)
Punctuaon standardmarksandsigns(e.g.,period,comma,quesonmark)usedinwringandtext
Recall theabilitytoretellinformaon
Repeated addion addingthesamenumericvaluemulplemestoobtainasum
Rounding expressingaquantytothenearestspeciedplacevalue(e.g.,nearestwhole,tenth)
Sequencing thefollowingofonethingaeranotherinchronologicalorlogicalorder
Sight words commonwordsthatareknowninstantlyorautomacally
Similaries/dierencesrecognizingaributesasalikeorunlike
Skip counng counngusinganynumbergreaterthanone(e.g.,2,5,10)
Sorng arrangingitemsincommonsetsaccordingtosharedaributes
Spaal discriminaonaccuratelyperceivingobjectsinspacewithreferencetootherobjects
Subtracon takingawayfromaspeciedamount
Tone/volumecharacteriscsofsoundwhenspeakingaswellasunderstandingtheloudnessorsonessofspeech
Top/boomidenfyingtheposionofnumbersasitrelatestofracons
Turntaking todosomethingonepersonaeranother
Visual discriminaon recognizingsimilariesanddierencesbetweenitems(e.g.,images,objects,words)usingsight
Visual scanning maintaining,shiing,andtrackingaenononatargetorfromonetargettoanother
Vocabulary words colleconofwordsrelatedtoaspecictopic
Word recognion idenfyingwrienwordsaccuratelywithlileornoeort
80
ACCESSProject
CenterforDisabiliesStudies
CollegeofEducaonandHumanDevelopment
UniversityofDelaware
461WyomingRoad
NewarkDE19716
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Companion Guide For Gbe Ela Math

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Companion Guide For Gbe Ela Math

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