extIPA SYMBOLS FOR DISORDERED SPEECH

(Revised to 2008)

CONSONANTS (other than on the IPA Chart)
bilabial labiodental dentolabial labioalv. linguolabial interdental bidental alveolar velar velophar.

Plosive

p l
p

l

p l l d
l

Nasal

n n n n

Trill

r
r

Fricative
median

f

f v
0 0

q
Fricative
lateral+median


I L

Fricative
nareal
n

n

q

Percussive


Approximant
lateral
I
I

Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.

DIACRITICS
labial spreading s strong articulation f denasal n
dentolabial v weak articulation v nasal escape v
interdental/bidental n \ reiterated articulation
p\p\p
velopharyngeal friction s
alveolar l whistled articulation s ! ingressive airflow p!
linguolabial d _ sliding articulation 0_s ! egressive airflow !!

CONNECTED SPEECH VOICING
(.) short pause

pre-voicing
z
(..) medium pause

post-voicing
z
(...) long pause
( )
partial devoicing
(z)
f
loud speech [{
f
Iood
f
}]

(
initial partial devoicing
(z
ff
louder speech [{
ff
Ioodc
ff
}]

)
final partial devoicing
z)
p
quiet speech [{
p
kwaict
p
}]

( )
partial voicing
(s)
pp
quieter speech [{
pp
kwaictc
pp
}]

(
initial partial voicing
(s
allegro
fast speech [{
allegro
Iost
allegro
}]

)
final partial voicing
s)
lento
slow speech [{
lento
sIoo
lento
}]
unaspirated
p
crescendo, ralentando, etc. may also be used

pre-aspiration
p

OTHERS
(), ( C

),( V

)
indeterminate sound, consonant, vowel

Velodorsal articulation
( I

), ( N

)
indeterminate voiceless plosive, nasal, etc sublaminal lower alveolar percussive click
( )
silent articulation (j), (m)
!
alveolar and sublaminal clicks (cluck-click)
(( )) extraneous noise, e.g. ((2 sylls)) * sound with no available symbol
ICPLA 2008