Running head: TIME MANAGEMENT AND THE IMPORTANCE OF BREAKS 1

Time Management and the Imp!tan"e # B!ea$% in Bet&een

'ae Hee Kim
ED ()*+ *1
Sp!ing ,*1(
M%- Cha!.tte Cepeda
*/0*,0,*1(
TIME MANAGEMENT AND THE IMPORTANCE OF BREAKS ,
In the #a%t+pa"ed1 &!$+demanding1 and "mpetiti2e &!.d that &e .i2e in tda31 it i%
4uite di##i"u.t t ha2e time #! an3thing5 e2en the time t 6!eathe- Thi% ma3 .ead t %e!iu%
ad2e!%a!ia. %ide+e##e"t% t the &!$ p!du"ed in the .ng+!un #! a.. !gani7atin%- The!e#!e1
the immediate pana"ea that pp int man3 inte..igent head% ma3 6e: 8time+management
t!aining9: The auth! # thi% p!#e%%ina.i%m e%%a3 &a% ne # them1 and &ent man3 mi.e% in
%ea!"h #! a "u!e #! he! .etha. p!"!a%tinatin ha6it% in hpe% t #ina..3 ma$e amend% &ith
the annua. 6att.e% du!ing "..ege #ina.% &ee$- In #a"t1 %he 6ught a p!#e%%ina. %e.#+he.p 6$
n time+management1 and &ent int t!aining th!ughut the &h.e p!"e%% # !e%ea!"hing and
&!iting thi% e%%a3 ;<Time Management and the Imp!tan"e # B!ea$% in Bet&een=>-
Nnethe.e%%1 the !e%ea!"h &a% a "u.+de+%a" &ith the an%&e!1 8time+management t!aining1:
a.!ead3 in mind- The!e needed t 6e an e2en na!!&e! #"u% n &hat %u%tain% a pe!%n:%
2ita.it3 t p!du"e gd &!$ in the .ng+!un- ?ith e@ten%i2e e2iden"e+6a%ed !e%ea!"h 6ehind
he!1 the auth! # thi% e%%a3 "an "n#ident.3 %a3 that the an%&e! t that a!e 6!ea$%-
One a!ti".e tit.ed1 <Time Management T!aining and Pe!"ei2ed Cnt!. # Time at
?!$1= pu!e.3 #"u%ed and %tudied n the e##e"ti2ene%% # time management t!aining% in
!gani7atin%- Nnethe.e%%1 "nt!a!3 t ppu.a! 6e.ie#1 time management t!aining% did nt
ha2e enugh !e%ea!"h+6a%ed e2iden"e t p!2e that the!e a!e "!!e.atin% 6et&een time
management t!aining% and the emp.3ee:% &e..+6eing and pe!#!man"e- The auth!% # the
a!ti".e &!te: <Man3 %e.#+he.p 6$% a6ut time management ha2e 6een &!itten in the .a%t
#e& de"ade% ;e-g-1 Aa$ein1 1BCBD Aue"$e1 ,**)D Ma"$en7ie1 1BBED M"Ca31 1B)B>1 and time
management t!aining p!g!am% a!e &ide.3 app.ied in the &!$ing "nte@t1 &ith the aim t
gain m!e "nt!. 2e! time- But %u!p!i%ing.31 .itt.e !e%ea!"h ha% 6een "ndu"ted in thi% #ie.d
;C.ae%%en% et a.-1 ,**E>- S #a!1 n.3 #e& inte!2entin %tudie% ha2e e@amined the e##e"t% #
time management t!aining "u!%e% n &e..+6eing and pe!#!man"eF In %umma!31 ".ea!
TIME MANAGEMENT AND THE IMPORTANCE OF BREAKS G
"n".u%in% "annt 6e d!a&n1 and 2a!iu% imp!2ement% "n"e!ning the the!eti"a.
#undatin # the t!aining a% &e.. a% the %tud3 de%ign a!e ne"e%%a!3 ;Ha#ne! H St"$1 ,*1*1
pg- (G1+(G,>-= Ba%i"a..31 the auth!% # thi% a!ti".e a!e %a3ing that time+management t!aining
i% nt the an%&e! t a pe!%n:% &e..+6eing and pe!#!man"e- The!e#!e1 the #"u% i% natu!a..3
tu!ned t &hat %u%tain% the human ene!g3-
Thi% i% p!2en in the a!ti".e1 <It:% the Aitt.e Thing% That Matte!: An E@aminatin #
Kn&.edge ?!$e!%: Ene!g3 Management-= The auth!% # the a!ti".e1 %a3 that <human
ene!g3 i% an a##e"ti2e e@pe!ien"e that in".ude% a %en%e # p%iti2e a!u%a.1 eage!ne%% t a"t1
and the "apa6i.it3 t a"t ;Iuinn H Duttn1 ,**)>- It i% a <!ein#!"ing e@pe!ien"e that pep.e
enJ3 and %ee$= ;Duttn1 ,**G1 p- /> and that i% !e#.e"ted in an indi2idua.:% e@pe!ien"e #
2ita.it3 and .a"$ # #atigue ;Tha3e!1 Ne&man1 H M"C.ain1 1BB(>F Thu%1 &ithin the &!$
"nte@t1 human ene!g3 i% a <#ue.= that he.p% !gani7atin% !un %u""e%%#u..3- The!e#!e1 it i% an
imp!tant 6ut .imited !e%u!"e that "an 6e !ep.eni%hed and that #%te!% high pe!#!man"e in
emp.3ee% and !gani7atin% ;Duttn1 ,**G> ;F!it71 Aam1 H Sp!eit7e!1 ,*111 pg- ,C>-= The
auth!% # thi% a!ti".e #"u% n %u%taining human ene!g3 at the &!$p.a"e1 and ha2e "me t a
!e%ea!"h+6a%ed "n".u%in that mi"!+6!ea$% %u"h a%1 <the m%t "mmn.3 u%ed %t!ategie%
;e-g-1 %&it"hing t anthe! ta%$ ! 6!&%ing the Inte!net> a!e nt a%%"iated &ith highe! .e2e.%
# human ene!g3 at &!$- Rathe!1 %t!ategie% !e.ated t .ea!ning1 t the meaning # ne:% &!$1
and t p%iti2e &!$p.a"e !e.atin%hip% &e!e m%t %t!ng.3 !e.ated t emp.3ee%: ene!g3
;F!it71 Aam1 H Sp!eit7e!1 ,*111 pg- ,C>-=
?hi.e !eading %u"h a!ti".e% a% the ne% mentined a62e1 the auth! # thi%
p!#e%%ina.i%m e%%a3 ;<Time Management and the Imp!tan"e # B!ea$% in Bet&een=>1 &a%
%tud3ing and .ea!ning a time+management te"hni4ue "a..ed1 <The Pmd! Te"hni4ue-= Thi%
i% a %imp.e te"hni4ue u%ing a $it"hen time! t 6!ea$ ne:% &!$ing hu!% int ,) minute% #
6."$ time- Thi% i% 2e!3 mu"h .i$e the te"hni4ue tea"he!% u%e #! da&d.ing %tudent% in the
TIME MANAGEMENT AND THE IMPORTANCE OF BREAKS (
".a%%!m ;Ken7ie H Stan7ine1 ,*1*>- In the te"hni4ue1 the t!ainee ma$e% a .i%t # thing% t+
d th!ughut the da3 in the !de! # p!i!it3- Then1 he0%he %et% the $it"hen time! ;!
<pmd!= &hi"h mean% tmat in Ita.ian> t ,) minute%1 and 6egin% hi%0he! &!$- Du!ing
thi% time1 nthing "an 6the! the t!ainee- The pmd! ;! the ,) minute% # the $it"hen
time!> mu%t n.3 "n%i%t # pu!e &!$- A#te! the pmd! !ing%1 the t!ainee mu%t ta$e a GK)
minute 6!ea$- Thi% ge% n unti. the #u!th pmd!- A#te! the #u!th pmd!
;app!@imate.3 , hu!%>1 the t!ainee mu%t ta$e a G* minute 6!ea$- Du!ing the%e in+6et&een
6!ea$%1 ne mu%t nt d an3thing !e.ated t hi%0he! &!$- In #a"t1 he0%he mu%t 6e "mp.ete.3
<di%"nne"ted= #!m hi%0he! &!$ ;Ci!i..1 ,*1G1 Kind.e A"atin% ,C(+,CB->- The idea
6ehind thi% te"hni4ue i% that ne mu%t !e.a@ hi%0he! 6!ain #!m &!$- Thi%1 in the .ng+!un
&i.. %u%tain hi%0he! 2ita.it3 #! the &!$- M!e2e!1 the 6!ea$% he.p the t!ainee t #"u% 6ette!
du!ing a"tua. &!$ time%- A.%1 the %eeming.3 un!e.ated and unimp!tant thing% that ne ma3
d du!ing the%e 6!ea$%1 "an a"tua..3 "au%e a %pa!$ ! a .ight+6u.6 # "!eati2it3 t g n &hen
he0%he get% 6a"$ t &!$- The auth! # thi% p!#e%%ina.i%m e%%a3 ;<Time Management and
the Imp!tan"e # B!ea$% in Bet&een=> ha% a.% g!eat.3 6ene#itted #!m the 6!ea$% du!ing the
te"hni4ue1 and &a% %u!e.3 a6.e t #"u% 6ette! &ith a .t # thing% dne n time-
The e##e"ti2ene%% # the%e mini+6!ea$% i% e2en p!2en in a .a!ge! %"a.e5%a66ati"a.%-
One ama7ing.3 %u""e%%#u. and "!eati2e g!aphi" de%igne! named1 Ste#an Sagmei%te!1 t$ thi%
a .itt.e #u!the!- He ".%ed d&n hi% &h.e de%ign %tudi in Ne& L!$1 t g n a ne 3ea!
%a66ati"a. t!ip &ith hi% "!e&- Thi% i% hi% te%timn3: <A% I !ea.i7ed1 Ju%t .i$e &ith man3 man3
thing% in m3 .i#e that I a"tua..3 .2e1 I adapt t it- And I get1 2e! time1 6!ed 63 them- And
#! %u!e1 in u! "a%e1 u! &!$ %ta!ted t .$ the %ameF A.% i% the $n&.edge that !ight
n& &e %pend a6ut in the #i!%t ,) 3ea!% # u! .i2e% .ea!ning1 then the!e i% anthe! (*
3ea!% thatM% !ea..3 !e%e!2ed #! &!$ing- And then ta"$ed n at the end # it a!e a6ut 1) 3ea!%
#! !eti!ement- And I thught it might 6e he.p#u. t 6a%i"a..3 "ut ## #i2e # th%e !eti!ement
TIME MANAGEMENT AND THE IMPORTANCE OF BREAKS )
3ea!% and inte!%pe!%e them in 6et&een th%e &!$ing 3ea!%- ThatM% ".ea!.3 enJ3a6.e #!
m3%e.#- But p!6a6.3 e2en m!e imp!tant i% that the &!$ that "me% ut # the%e 3ea!%
#.&% 6a"$ int the "mpan3 and int %"iet3 at .a!ge1 !athe! than Ju%t 6ene#iting a g!and"hi.d
! t&-= A#te! ma$ing the daunting de"i%in t .et g and 6e di%"nne"ted t hi% &!$1
Sagmei%te! and hi% "!e&1 #und !ene&ed .2e and "a..ing t thei! J6 a% a g!aphi" de%igne!%-
The p!du"t% that the3 ha2e p!du"ed the!ea#te! &e!e % "!eati2e and %u""e%%#u. that
Sagmi%te!:% 6u%ine%% p!#it &ent up in the .ng+!un- T #u!the! p!2e the g.!iu% e##e"t% #
%u"h 6!ea$%1 the!e a!e #amu%.3 %u""e%%#u. !gani7atin% %u"h a%: S"t"h Tape1 A!t F!31 and
Gg.e that gi2e .ng and paid 6!ea$% #! thei! emp.3ee% a% &e..- The p!du"t% the3 p!du"e
%pea$ #! them%e.2e%-
N&1 .et u% ta$e n a di##e!ent pe!%pe"ti2e # the%e 6!ea$% in 6et&een &!$- H&
a6ut .ng+te!m !e.atin%hip%N The auth! # thi% e%%a3 ;<Time Mangement and the
Imp!tan"e # B!ea$% in Bet&een> &a% n he! G*+minute pmd! 6!ea$ ;a#te! #u!
pmd!% # !e%ea!"hing and &!iting thi% e%%a3>1 %u!#ing a!und the inte!net- She "ame
a"!%% a TED Ta.$% 2ide "a..ed1 <The Se"!et t De%i!e in a Ang+Te!m Re.atin%hip-= Being
the t3pi"a. maiden %ea!"hing he! <M!- Right1= %he ".i"$ed n the 2ide- The %pea$e! &a% a %e@
the!api%t named1 E%the! Pe!e.- The ta.$ &a% a6ut h& t %u%tain the e!ti" att!a"tin1 !
de%i!e1 in a .ng+te!m !e.atin%hip- The %e@ the!api%t %aid1 <FOn the ne hand 3u &ant the
%e"u!it3 in !de! t 6e a6.e t g- On the the! hand i# 3u "anMt g1 3u "anMt ha2e
p.ea%u!e1 3u "anMt "u.minate1 3u dnMt ha2e an !ga%m1 3u dnMt get e@"ited 6e"au%e 3u
%pend 3u! time in the 6d3 and the head # the the! and nt in 3u! &nF S in thi%
di.emma a6ut !e"n"i.ing the%e t& %et% # #undamenta. need%1 the!e a!e a #e& thing% that
IM2e "me t unde!%tand e!ti" "up.e% d- One1 the3 ha2e a .t # %e@ua. p!i2a"3- The3
unde!%tand that the!e i% an e!ti" %pa"e that 6e.ng% t ea"h # themF The3 a.% unde!%tand
that an e!ti" %pa"e i%nMt a6ut1 3u 6egin t %t!$e the the!- ItM% a6ut 3u "!eate a %pa"e
TIME MANAGEMENT AND THE IMPORTANCE OF BREAKS /
&he!e 3u .ea2e Management In"-1 ma36e &he!e 3u .ea2e the agi.e p!g!am1 and 3u
a"tua..3 Ju%t ente! that p.a"e &he!e 3u %tp 6eing the gd "iti7en &h i% ta$ing "a!e #
thing% and 6eing !e%pn%i6.e-= A#te! .i%tening t he! .e"tu!e1 the #i!%t thing that "ame up int
mind #! the auth! # thi% e%%a3 ;<Time Management and the Imp!tan"e # B!ea$% in
Bet&een> &a% nt 8M!- Right1: 6ut 86!ea$%-: Ang+te!m !e.atin%hip% need a 6!ea$ tD ea"h
indi2idua. in the !e.atin%hip need% hi%0he! %pa"e and #!eedm at the %ame time # 6eing
"mmitted t ne anthe!- He0%he mu%t di%"nne"t #!m hi%0he! tit.e a% mm1 dad1
6u%ine%%man1 tea"he!1 and Ju%t 6e the .2e! &h n"e hpe.e%%.3 #e.. in .2e- Thi% i% &hat "an
"!eate and %u%tain %pntaneit3 and imaginati2e de%i!e1 e2en #! the .ng+!un-
Time+management t!aining% a!e imp!tant and 6ene#i"ia.1 i# dne "!!e"t.3- H&e2e!1
the m!e imp!tant #"u% i% &hat %u%tain% human 2ita.it3 in the .ng+te!m- A#te! an e@ten%i2e
amunt # !e%ea!"h and %pe"u.atin1 the auth! # thi% e%%a3 ha% d!a&n the "n".u%in that
6!ea$% a!e &hat ma3 a..& a human t $eep ging and $eep p!du"ing gd &!$- Man3 #
u% in tda3:% %"iet3 ha2e a ha!d time 6!ea$ing a&a3 #!m &!$- ?e ea%i.3 neg.e"t the %ma..
6!ea$% in u! .i2e% t get the &!$ dne- H&e2e!1 thi% i% &hat eat% u% up1 "au%ing the
dep.etin # u! 2ita.it3 at &!$1 and e2entua..31 u! pe!%na. .i2e% a% &e..- The "n"ept% %u"h
a%: <The Pmd! Te"hni4e1= %a66ati"a.%1 e!ti" de%i!e1 et"- di%"u%%ed a62e p!2e% thi%
pint- On"e again1 a% human%1 time+management 6i.% d&n t ne %imp.e thing: Gi2e u% a
6!ea$9
TIME MANAGEMENT AND THE IMPORTANCE OF BREAKS E
?!$ Cited
Ci!i..1 F- ;,*1G>- The pomodoro technique ;G!d ed->- Be!.in: FC Ga!age-
Duttn1 '- E- ;,**G>- Ene!gi7e 3u! &!$p.a"e: H& t 6ui.d
and %u%tain high+4ua.it3 "nne"tin% at &!$- San F!an"i%":
'%%e3+Ba%% Pu6.i%he!%-
Fu! CEO%M Tip% n Managing Lu! Tim- ;,*1,1 Fe6!ua!3 1(>-
The Wall Street Journal- Ret!ie2ed Ma3 )1 ,*1(1 #!m http:00n.ine-&%J-"m0
ne&%0a!ti".e%0SB1***1(,(*),BE*,*(CCGG*()EE,,1))1E1((B,E,(
F!it71 C-1 Aam1 C-1 H Sp!eit7e!1 G- M- ;,*11>- ItM% the Aitt.e Thing% That Matte!: An
E@aminatin # Kn&.edge ?!$e!%M Ene!g3 Management- Academy Of Management
Perspectives1 25;G>1 ,C+GB- di:1*-)(/)0AMP-,*11-/GCC/),C
HO#ne!1 A-1 H St"$1 A- ;,*1*>- Time Management T!aining and
Pe!"ei2ed Cnt!. # Time at ?!$- Journal Of Psychology1 !!;)>1 (,B+((E-
Ken7ie1 R- '-1 H Stan7ine1 A- ;,*1*>- Setting limits in the classroom" a complete guide to
effective classroom management #ith a school$#ide discipline plan ;G!d ed->- Ne& L!$:
Th!ee Ri2e!% P!e%%-
Pe!e.1 E- ;Se@ The!api%t> ;,*1G1 Fe6!ua!3 1>- The Se"!et t De%i!e in a Ang+Te!m
Re.atin%hip- T%&Salon '(2)*- Ae"tu!e "ndu"ted #!m TED1 Ne& L!$-
Duttn1 '- E- ;,**G>- Ene!gi7e 3u! &!$p.a"e: H& t 6ui.d
and %u%tain high+4ua.it3 "nne"tin% at &!$- San F!an"i%":
'%%e3+Ba%% Pu6.i%he!%-
Sagmei%te!1 S- ;G!aphi" De%igne!> ;,**B1 'u.3 1>- The P&e! # Time+O##-
T%&+lo,al 2))-- Ae"tu!e "ndu"ted #!m TED1-
She..en6a!ge!1 S- ;,**B1 N2em6e! 1C>- N Time t Read Thi%N Read Thi%-
The Wall Street Journal- Ret!ie2ed Ma3 )1 ,*1(1 #!m http:00n.ine-&%J-"m0ne&%0a!ti".e%0
SB1***1(,(*),E(CE*()GC(*()E()(1)B*)G(EBEB*C
Pande!$am1 A- ;,*1,1 Fe6!ua!3 ,,>- A!e Lu A% Bu%3 A% Lu
Thin$N- The Wall Street Journal- Ret!ie2ed Ma3 )1 ,*1(1 #!m
http:00n.ine-&%J-"m0ne&%0a!ti".e%0SB1***1(,(*),BE*,*GG)C
E*()EE,GE/*GC)GGB(/)(