STOICHIOMETRY

What is stoichiometry?

Stoichiometry is the quantitative study of

reactants and products in a chemical reaction.
What You Should Expect

 Given : Amount of reactants

 Question: how much of products can be
formed.
 Example

2 A + 2B 3C
 Given
20.0 grams of A and sufficient B,
how many grams of C can be produced?
What do you need?

You will need to use

i. molar ratios,
ii. molar masses,
iii. balancing and interpreting equations, and
iv. conversions between grams and moles.

Note: This type of problem is often called "mass-mass."

Steps Involved in Solving Mass-Mass
Stoichiometry Problems

 Balance the chemical equation correctly

 Using the molar mass of the given substance,
convert the mass given to moles.
 Construct a molar proportion (two molar
ratios set equal to each other)
 Using the molar mass of the unknown
substance, convert the moles just calculated
to mass.
 Mole Ratios
A mole ratio converts moles
of one compound in a
balanced chemical equation
into moles of another
compound.
Example

Reaction between magnesium and oxygen

to form magnesium oxide. ( fireworks)

2 Mg(s) + O2(g) 2 MgO(s)

Mole Ratios:
2 : 1 : 2
Practice Problems
1) N2 + 3 H2 ---> 2 NH3
Write the mole ratios for N2 to H2 and
NH3 to H2.
2) A can of butane lighter fluid
contains 1.20 moles of butane (C4H10).
Calculate the number of moles of
carbon dioxide given off when this
butane is burned.
 Mole-Mole Problems
Using the practice question 2) above:
Equation of reaction
2C4H10 + 13O2 8CO2 + 10H2O
Mole ratio
C4H10 CO2
1 : 4 [ bases]
1.2 : X [ problem]
By cross-multiplication, X = 4.8 mols of CO2 given off
Mole-Mass Problems
Problem 1: 1.50 mol of
KClO3 decomposes. How
many grams of O2 will be
produced? [k = 39, Cl =
35.5, O = 16]
2 KClO3 2 KCl + 3 O2
Three steps…Get
Your Correct Answer
 Use mole ratio
 Get the answer in moles and then
 Convert to Mass. [Simple Arithmetic]

Hello!
If you are given a mass in the problem,
you will need to convert this to moles
first. Ok?
Let’s go!
2 KClO3 2 KCl + 3 O2
2 : 3
1.50 : X
X = 2.25mol
Convert to mass
2.25 mol x 32.0 g/mol = 72.0 grams
Cool!
Try This:
 We want to produce 2.75 mol of KCl. How many
grams of KClO3 would be required?
Soln
KClO3 : KCl
2 : 2
X : 2.75
X = 2.75mol
In mass: 2.75mol X 122.55 g/mol
= 337 grams zooo zimple!
Mass-Mass Problems
There are four steps involved in solving
these problems:
 Make sure you are working with a properly
balanced equation.
 Convert grams of the substance given in the
problem to moles.
 Construct two ratios - one from the problem
and one from the equation and set them
equal. Solve for "x," which is usually found
in the ratio from the problem.
 Convert moles of the substance just solved
for into grams.
Mass-Volume
Problems

Just follow mass-

mass problem to
the penultimate
level
Like this:
There are four steps involved in solving these
problems:
 Make sure you are working with a properly
balanced equation.
 Convert grams of the substance given in the
problem to moles.
 Construct two ratios - one from the problem
and one from the equation and set them equal.
Solve for "x," which is usually found in the ratio
from the problem.
 Convert moles of the substance just solved for
into Volume.
Conversion of mole to
volume

No of moles = Volume
Molar volume
Can you remember a similar equation?
Molar volume
The molar volume is the
volume occupied by one
mole of ideal gas at STP.
Its value is: 22.4dm 3
Practice Problems
Calculate the volume of carbon dioxide formed at STP in
‘dm3' by the complete thermal decomposition of 3.125 g
of pure calcium carbonate (Relative atomic mass of
Ca=40, C=12, O=16)
Solution:
Convert the mass to mole:
Molar mass of CaCO3 = 40 + 12 + (16 x 3) = 100gmol-1
Mole = mass/molar mass
3.125/100 = 0.03125mol
Practice Problems
As per the equation,

Mole ratio 1 : 1
problem 0.03125mol X
X = 0.03125mol of CO2
Convert moletovolume[slide17]

Volume=( 0.03125 x 22.4)dm3

= 0.7dm3