CHINESE

Reasons of migration
a. Repulsion factor

1. Social and Economy
- Difficulties of living in China (natural disasters cause the agricultural activities to stop and lead to
starvation)
- Political instability, expensive and unaffordable tax. Discrimination

2. Political instability
- Discrimination which is being practiced by Manchu Dynasty over the locals.
- Lead to the rebellion by the locals who strive for their justice and freedom.

b. Attraction factor
1. The growth of Malayas economy
- Lot of job opportunities especially in the tin industry
- They have the chances in investing in the trading or business activities in Malaya.

2. The stability of political status in Malaya
- The British who rule Malaya on that time practice liberalism.
- British encourages the migration of Chinese to Malaya as their pay is much cheaper than the
locals. In addition, they provide facilities for their labourers
- The formation of Negeri-Negeri Melayu Bersekutu in 1896 which attracted the European to
invest more in Malayas economy activities such as tin industry and agricultural.

3. Credit System
- The Chinese people who didnt afford to pay the fare for their journey are allowed to pay it over
a period of time or gradually. However, they must adhere to the agreement made as long as
they havent completed their debt or credit.
- They are known as singkheh.
- Once they completed the debt, they were set free and have freedom of the agreement made
before.

4. Kangcu System
- Introduced by Temenggung Ibrahim (Johor) which encourage the Chinese to migrate and stay in
Johor.
- The Chinese people were encouraged to be involved in Malayas economy activities such as in
the plantation of black pepper, coffee, tea, vegetables, and et cetera.

5. Self-initiated/independent
- The Chinese migrates to the Malaya with the help of their family members and friends in
supporting their cost of journey.
- In addition, the government of China had repeal the law of restricting the migration of his
people in 1897.