Chapter 5

UMTS Protocols

Exp a lin e d b y :
En g :Ha ze m Ah m e d Mo h a m e d
Re vie w
Copyright 2012 Waleed Elsafoury

By Eng.
WALEED EL SAFOURY

 chapter .

 GSM power control Optional

UMTS Near/far problem
... power control

3users A B C BS
A ... B cell C BS power
control 3users max power.BS
user C BS signal
losses power ... user A , B power
BS Losses power ...
.
BS user code ...
user A code dispreading user B user C
spreaded .
user A interference user C power
interference user A user B
Users ... BS user C dispreading
power .
recover BS
users interference ... Near / Far
. problem
power control users BS
power interference users .

Path loss

Signal
)level (dB

Rayleigh fading

Shadowing

Log d

GSM power signal 3 :

path lose user BS power
path lose coefficient .
Rayleigh fading level . signal
shadowing signal
. propagation
user power .

TX.

power BS Power ...

power Power
cell Cell .
power problems transmitted power
... transmitted power losses
.
BS Power level
.
received power transmitted
. power
shadowing power transmitted power.

 power transmitted power

3 problems path losses shadowing
. Rayleigh fading

Power Control
Power
Control
Access

Directed

Autonomous

Power Control

Power Control

Power Control

Outer
loop

Inner
loop

3 rates 3
. power control UMTS power
interference users . carrier
3 : power control
Access control ... video call
internet calling.
Directed power control closed loop
power control transmitter feedback
receiver power .

open loop Autonomous power control

power transmitter feedback power control
. power receiver
( open loop power control ) :Autonomous power control -1

Autonomous control measures the received signal strength

of all base station pilot signals at the mobile unit. A strong
pilot

signal

received

at

the

mobile

means

that

less

transmitter power is required to send uplink information to

the base station.

BS channel power power control

channel pilot channel ...11111111
BS power .
mobile A power pilot
channel ... 0.6 user B
power . 0.5
Mobile received power pilot channel
0.1 losses downlink . 0.1
signal downlink signal
uplink uplink 0.1 power Mobile
0.1 Mobile power 0.1 ... losses
downlink . uplink
user power ... uplink
power .
path loss Autonomous
power control ... pass loss
Autonomous . FDD
FDD frequency Frequency
losses losses uplink
losses . downlink

( closed loop power control ):Directed power control -2

inner loop ... outer loop outer inner
... frame . power control
Outer loop
Each frame
100 change / sec
RNC
Shadowing
3dB

Inner loop
Each slot
1500 change / sec
Node.B
Rayleigh Fading
1dBm

inner loop ... slot outer loop . frame

inner loop 1500 ... slot
outer loop 100 .frame
inner loop Node.B ... RNC outer
loop . RNC
inner loop ... Rayleigh fading outer
loop . shadowing
inner loop steps ... 1dBm outer loop steps
. 3dB

steps ....
BS Mobile . closed loop power control

10

outer loop ... frame .

BS frame power Mobile feedback

mobile power ... power BS
power power mobile .
frame BS feedback mobile
power ... power BS power
... .
BS power power
power ... frame
service user ... service calling
data .
power access power control .

BS frame step down

power frame ... step down
power frame power .
step 10 step ...
frame step shadowing
frame . step
step by step . 10step
mobile power ...
errors errors frame
power .power
mobile BS frame ...
only one bit mobile 1 power 0 power
start frame . uplink

frame ... target value .target value

mobile frame power
Rayleigh fading level power frame
... . inner loop

.667 msec

1500 PC cycles/s

inner loop ... target value

power . frame
received power target value step downpower
1dBm step down power power
power target value .
inner loop outer loop Rayleigh fading
. shadowing

:Access power control -3

GSM mobile connection Max power

mobile ... BS UMTS
Max power high interference users
. carrier power. receiver

connection mobile ... 16

power connection .16 Probe
Probe connection
...BS Probe connection
. cell
connection user request probe 1 BS
user request user
... power request .
probe 2 request
probe 3 probe connection
.
probe 7 request power
... connection frame .

 outer loop power control

frame frame inner loop .
Access power Frame
outer loop target value power
inner loop.
Probe ... Access preamble message
... capsule .
preamble bits information
... hardware
hardware transient time ... stability
access request BS hardware
receive. message capsule

 3users spreading ...

C3 C3 dispreading
... C2 ... C2 C1
... C1 User 3 . 2 interference
copy C3 filtering C3
dispreading C2 C1 ...
interference .
C2 . C1
multiuser detection user filtering
copy code ... spreaded
users carrier users
interference users.

Data 2

Data n

& MultiUser Detection MUD

Interference Cancellation IC

Data 1

DeSpreading

Code 1
DeSpreading

UE 2:
Code 2

Code 2
DeSpreading

Code n

UE n:
Code n

UE 1:
Code 1

BTS
)(Node B

. multiuser detection

mobiles BS data
dispreading ... . multiuser detection
multiuser parallel
dispreading copy filtering spread
... users . users
uplink Node.B Nosde.B
users code user mobile code
recover data .
interference uplink .

Transmission
availability

Node B

Codes
available

Capabilities

Admission
Control
Soft
handover

Power
recourses

Interference
limitation

Admission control user connection ...

...
mobile
VODAFONE mobile mobile
...
mobile frequencies VODAFONE .
3G band 3G carrier 1,2
etisalat carrier 3,4 MOBINIL carrier 5,6 . VODAFONE
mobile carrier synchronization procedure
primary code secondary code
BS code frame BS code frame
broadcast channel broadcast

mobile country code mobile network code sim

card mobile IMSI VODAFONE country
code . 602 02
broadcast carrier 602 03
etisalat carrier VODAFONE
.
carrier MOBINIL
602 01 . carrier
carrier VODAFONE 602 02
SIM card carrier
broadcast channel .frequency list
frequency list BS broadcast channel
frequencies Mobile frequencies .

mobile country code country code SIM card

.. roaming
mobile broadcast 612
SIM card Mobile protocol
.
registration IMSI
Authentication registration protocol
.
protocol reject
protocol .

 2users call cell

2users code user
code 2 user 3 codes
orthogonal .
2users code frame call
msec interference BS
.
2users call waiting
random time user random code random time
user .

Transmission
availability

Node B

Codes
available

Capabilities

Admission
Control
Soft
handover

Power
recourses

Interference
limitation

request Admission
control ...

:Transmission availability carrier

YES NO.
:Codes Available codes
.rate
:Power Resources user power .
:Interference Limitation power user
interference .
:Soft Handover soft handover .
:Node B Capabilities carrier data carrierSMS
voice call video call data load
.

UE

Measurement:
strength of own & surrounding BSs

Measurement:
Connection quality & strength

Measurement Report

BS

Pre-processing of measurements
Measurement
Report

HOV
Decision

UMTS Handover
decision similar GSM
initiated by RNC
performed by UE

RNC

Activation of new BS
Active Set Update

Handover

calling handover
. Node.B mobile measurements
BS strength BS signal strength mobile
.Node.B report
mobile signal quality signal strength Node.B
. RNC report
handover handover RNC
.

DL
DL

UL

DL

Soft Handover

UL

Hard Handover

3 handover Hard Soft Softer hard

... soft .
Hard Handover break before make ...
break connection with the old BS before making connection with the
new BS connection .
Soft Handover make before break ...
make connection with the new BS before breaking connection with the
old BS connection .
Soft Handover user connect 2 BS
send information receive
. information connect 3BS .
Hard Handover user connect
connect BS . GSM

 Soft handover :
2 BS . frequency
codes 2BS codes Rake receiver
... fingers BS
fingers BS BS codes receive
.
CDMA
.
Hard Handover Soft Handover
Soft channel channel Hard
channel processing
disconnect .
Hard Handover save channels Soft Handover
hard user channel soft user2
channel 3 .
user BS power user cell
power interference users
... user BS 2 BS
power ... 2BS
power interference users ...
Soft Handover interference users .
BS cover area users
users power carrier ... cell
frequencies ... inter cell interference
power carrier interference 2BS

 cell ... cell coverage

cell users cell breathing coverage
... cell users coverage
area .
users cell power
carrier Interference cell cell
cell coverage cell . power
users cell ... Handover
GSM coverage. GSM

Sector cells

between sector cells

Combining via RAKE
Node B internal

Node B

RNC

Soft 2BS Softer Handover 2sector

2cells . Node.B . RNC

S-RNC: Serving RNC

D-RNC: Drift RNC
RR: Radio Resource

Node B

Iub
Node B

RNC

Iub

Node B

Iub

Iur
RNC Active
Set

Iu

Combining /
Splitting

CN

user Node.B Node.B RNC

... inter-RNC Handover
mobile RNC RNC Active
RNC core network
combining. splitting
user connect RNC ...RNC
connect core core
RNC forward data RNC
combine . core
combining splitting RNC
forward data drift RNC RNC
serving RNC . user

 user RNC ... RNC

RNC active connect core .

inter system Handover Handover GSM

UMTS user cell 2G 3G
channels ... user 3G 2G
User video call connection
.
inter mode Handover TDD FDD
. TDD
inter rate Handover user Handover 3G 2G
internet rate connection
... user handover 3G 3G cell
rate channels .

 location services based . user

American operators
911 . Emergency Number
operators users network
application find friend
Foursquare .
:user
( CGI ) : Cell Global Identity -1
identity paging user sector
... cells sector
area .
( CGI / TA ) : Cell Global Identity & Timing Advance -2
accuracy CGI / TA user
sector . sector

 user data BS BS delay data

. BS
X X
sector user .

( UTDOA ) : Uplink Time Difference Of Arrival -3

Accuracy UTDOA user . 3BS
user 3BS
.
Line Of Side user BS Line
Of Side data .
( AGPS ) : Assisted GPS -4
AGPS Mobile GPS Coordinate
system Coordinate .
link :
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=AFSwcPLU
!#xRM

 High Speed Packet Access ... HSPA

enhancement 3 HSDPA HSUPA.HSPA+
HSDPA DL 14.4MHz UL 386KHz
. 3.5G
HSUPA DL 14.4MHz UL 5.8MHz
. 3.75G
HSPA+ DL 42MHz UL 28MHz
... 3.8G . LTE
... .
:Chared Channels
chare channels users channel user
... .

 ... internet data

transferring connection channel user
.
user data codes
user codes users
carrier code rate
user . code
operator channels
user code data user code
rate .
:Multi Codes

user code user 5

10 ... 15code
user codes codes parallel user
parallel data user code rate X
5code . rate 5X
user 5code code spreading factor
rate .
user code data data error
data user 5code code error
.

:Adaptive Modulation
user modulation order ... UMTS
modulation QPSK symbol 2bit HSDPA
modulation 16QAM symbol . 4bit

 order modulation user rate

probability of error Turbo code
correct data .
:Short Sub-Frames
Frame 10msec frame
Receiver error 10msec data
.
frame 5Sub-Frames Sub-Frame
3slot slot ... 2msec HSDPA Sub-Frame
. frame

Sub-Frame

2msec

10msec
error frame Sub-Frame error
frame .
:Fast Schedule
2users carrier user quality
data retransmit user .
codes user quality code
... codes user .
time variance
system quality . time

 user quality codes user quality

codes code .
:Fast Node-B
UMTS mobile data Node-B error
detection and correction RNC retransmission .
HSDPA upgrade Node-B
error detection and correction retransmit .
:Hard Handover
Soft Handover Hard
. Handover
user 15code connect 2BS
. Hard Handover
HSPA+ .
-1 order modulation . 64QAM
-2 ) .Multi Input Multi Output Antenna System ( MIMO
LTE .
CH5 ...............................................