Chapter 3

UMTS Network Architecture

Exp a lin e d b y :
En g :Ha ze m Ah m e d Mo h a m e d
Re vie w

Copyright 2012 Waleed Elsafoury

. UMTS network

RAN

CN

Radio Access Network

Core Network

GSM BSS

CS Domain

Entities common
to the CS & PS Domain

UE

External
Networks

UTRAN
PS Domain

. CN RAN UMTS network

... radio frequency RAN
UMTS TRAN GSM BSs
core ... AIR CN
Packet Switching domain circuit switching GSM
.

 3elements UMTS system :

Node.B . BTS
RNC . BSC
TC&IWF . TRAU
core elements
upgrade :
2G network UMTS
GPRS CS PS EGDE ...node.B
RNC Shelter . tower

MSC Function

switching and call routing to or from MS.

Charging.
Control of connected RNCs.
One MSC controls more than one RNC.

GMSC Function

Access to PSTN.

Provides the gateway functionality to other
networks.

: MSC
.
.
.
control MSC ... RNCs control
. RNC

: GMSC
outer network access

VLR Function

Associated with MSC

Subscriber Management in MSC area.

Authentication co-ordination.

VLR Data.
A temp. data base that holding the following information

Services available and restrictions.

Temp subscriber information.
TMSI; LAI; triples/.etc.

The VLR hold these data for the subscriber included in the
MSC area only.
NEW Supercharger Concept

Large database

Periodic Auditing

Dynamic subscription data deletation

: VLR
. VLR MSC
. area users MSC
LA TMSI temporary
. Authentication
: Supercharger
user VLR VLR user GSM
VLR users VLR
rate MSC area MSC VLR
. supercharging ... changing

 VLR user VLR user

... deactivated flag
active VLR
.
periodic Large data base
life time user information Auditing
. overload ... 3 life time
VLR Dynamic subscription data dilatation
Life Time
. VLR
. supercharging

B
S
C

TC
Transcoding
&

RAN

IWF

Radio Access
Network

InterWorking Function

BlaBl
a

Bla

T
R
A
U

VLR

Iu(CS) TC

Gs

R
N
C

4.75 12.2 kbit/s

UTRAN

BlaBla
Bla

TC
Transcoding

AMR: Adaptive MultiRate

MSC

IWF/

CN function in UMTS:
part of MSC or standalone
Conversion of Speech Data (CN RAN):
using AMR speech codec
CN: 64 kbit/s
RAN: 4.75 12.2 kbit/s (AMR)

64 kbit/s (ISDN)

CN

Tc &IWF
Tc :


Mobile

PSTN

Analogue to Digital
conv.

8000 sample/sec
8000 sample/sec
2^13=8192 levels
2^8=256 levels
No. of bits/sample = 8 No. of bits/sample = 13
Final rate = 64kbps
Final rate = 104kbps
,, PSTN
.
) Data(
quantization
!!
* levels
quantization
) TC (Transcoding
TC PSTN Mobile
Networks
: rate = 64k rate = 104k ,,
rate = 104 k
) AMR (Adaptive MultiRate ..

 IWF (Interworking Function) :

TDM Network
Elements . Mobile and PSTN Networks
TDM ,, . E1
) ATM (Asynchrony Transfer Mode
Network Elements ). RAN (Radio Access Network
data ATM TDM
based on E1 .
IWF

 : ATM
data RAN Network
packet cell
Data

Header

cell (cell = 53 byte) <- ATM

5
48
* Cell
. Header
* ATM virtual Circuits Packet
switching circuit switching
* ATM Routers
Cell size = 53 Byte
Cell ,,
:
2 cells
10

5
100

,, 1000 100
Cells 500 Headers

 10 Cells 50 byte headers

data cells

.. cells
,, bytes headers
...
Cell . byte 53
: HLR
HLR ..

:

IMSI/MSISDN .

Roaming

:
MSC/VLR
MSRN Roaming

 : authentication Center
.. AUC GSM

.1 IMSI KI
.2 KI+RAND A8 KC ciphering Key
.3 KI+RAND A3 SRES Signed Response
.4 Triplet = RAND, SRES, KC

 .1 RAND .. Ki
.2 KI+RAND A3
.3 .. SRES ..
user Authenticated <-
Authentication Refused <-
:
Ki IMSI A3 and
A8
One Way Functions
Try and Error KI 64BIT

UMTS KI K ,, 128 Bits

,,

: AUC at UMTS
AUC Functions
A8 , A3

 F1,F2,F3,F4,F5
K+RAND F1
F1 4 AMF , SQN , RAND , K :

K + RAND F2 XRES
K + RAND F3 cipher key
K + RAND F4 IK
K + RAND F5 Anonymity Key

F1
AMF +SQN + K + RAND F1 MAC
:

MAC + XRES + CK + IK + AUTN = Authentication Vector

) Authentication token (AUTN

Network Authenticaton GSM

:
3G IMSI Authentication victor

Authentication AUC
..
Authentication Vectors HLR
vector . .
Authentication Vectors . RAND

.

: F1
: AMF F1 Function
Functions AMF
* .

 : SQN RAND

.1 IMSI
.2 k AUTN
Authentication Vectors
.3 Rand+AUTN
.4 RAND + K F5 AK
.5 [AK (xor) SQN] (xor) AK SQN
.6 k+RAND+AMF+SQN F1
XRES
.7 XRES RES ..
Network Authorized

 .8 RAND + K F2 xRES
RES USER Authorized
.9 Ciphering Chapter 4 .
: Integrity check
: RX !
IK + F9 Function
checksum
: RX
IK + F9 checksum
checksum ..
Integity check done

AUC :

: USSD GateWay


:
*150#

*100#

Traffic channel ,
,,
CSE
.

: Media Gateway server

Rates
.. 2001 3G
2012 . 3G

 : SGSN

GGSN :

 : RNC
BSC GSM
BSC BSC
.

 : Node-B
BTS GSM BTS
.

CODES Scrambling channelization-
synchronization
Spreading DE spreading

Error detection and Channel Coding

correction
(Inner Loop Power Control

Physical Channel Transport Channel Mapping
Modulation and DeModulation

 (Sites Types) :
3

Sites

OUTDOOR REPEATERS

INDOOR REPEATERS

 : Repeater Pico Site

Repeaters Capacity
PICO SITES

Sites

Sites



POLES .

Street Levels Antenna

Indoor Antenna

 :User Equipment
PC USB
MODEM Tablet Device
USIM

: USIM
UMTS Subscriber Identity Module SIM
:
Algorithms .

PIN code and PUK code
:

 SIM ,,, 3G
Authentication UMTS system

UMTS
:

....................................... CH3